2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit4NaturalDisasters单元主题训练新人教版必修第一册

UNIT 4 单元主题训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2022·深圳市模拟)The start of the US Atlantic hurricane season is just over two weeks away and forecasters are expecting particularly high activity this year. With warmer than usual conditions expected in the North Atlantic this summer, meteorologists have predicted that the season could produce eight or more hurricanes.

While forecasters cannot predict how many hurricanes — if any — will make landfall, the potential for dangerous storms to strike the southern and eastern coasts brings an additional problem for authorities already struggling with the COVID­19.

Experts say that the COVID­19 is affecting the capabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organisations involved in responding to natural disasters.

Retired US Army Lieutenant General Jeffrey Talley, who now leads global efforts on disaster management at IBM's Centre for the Business of Government, said that with FEMA and other authorities engaged with responding to the COVID­19, resources will be limited if a hurricane strikes.

“When we look at a disaster ...I think of it in terms of how we prepare for, respond to and recover from those types of events，” Talley said. “Right now we're in the middle of the response of COVID­19. None of us are really sure how long it's going to last and how the response to disasters is going to be different, say, two months from now, six months from now, so on and so forth，” he said.

According to Talley, the COVID­19 could complicate the response to a hurricane by interrupting the flow of emergency supplies to areas where they are urgently needed at crucial moments.

Social distancing and stay­at­home orders will also force authorities along the south and east coast to rethink how they manage people who must leave their homes in the event of a disaster. While many states are already lifting some lockdown restrictions, social distancing will still be important for many months to come.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁，然而COVID­19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织能力。

1．When will the first hurricane possibly arrive in US this summer?

A．In about eight days.

B．In about six months.

C．In about two months.

D．In more than two weeks.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁。

2．According to Talley, how could COVID­19 influence the response to a hurricane?

A．More people will leave home to fight against a hurricane.

B．Rescue materials might not reach disaster areas sometimes.

C．Lockdown can greatly reduce damage and injury.

D．The pandemic makes it harder to predict hurricanes.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，据Talley说，新冠肺炎可能会中断向在关键时刻急需物资的地区运送紧急物资，从而使应对飓风的工作复杂化。

3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．People throughout the country no longer need to stay at home.

B．The state governments are confident about tackling hurricanes.

C．Authorities along the coasts will stick to the former orders.

D．It is necessary to keep social distance in the coming months.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，保持社交距离和留在家里的命令也将迫使南部和东部沿海地区的政府重新考虑如何管理那些在灾难发生时必须离开家园的人们。虽然许多州已经解除了一些封锁限制，但在未来几个月里，社交距离仍然很重要。

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．More Destructive Hurricanes to Be Expected

B．More Difficult to Forecast Hurricanes Coming

C．COVID­19 to Worsen Hurricane Response

D．Social Distancing Needed in Coming Months

解析：选C　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段可知，专家表示COVID­19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织能力。由此可知，C选项最符合文章标题。

B

People across Western Europe are experiencing a heat wave this week, with the worst still to come on Thursday.Officials sounded high­temperature health warnings on Wednesday, mindful that some heat waves before had caused thousands of deaths across an area where people are not used to such weather and few homes have air conditioning.

René Pierron, 51, a street cleaner at Paris City Hall, was not lucky, and said it was difficult to work outdoors under such conditions.“The buildings and roads here take the heat in during the day and act like radiators (散热器) — it's unbearable，”he said while taking a break near the Avenue des Champs­Élysées.

Kate Simmonds, also 51, who works in a restaurant in central London, could commiserate (同情)．“It's so hot — we can't work like this，” she said on Wednesday.But she said business was good this week, with plenty of people buying cold drinks and ice cream.

Nation after nation have given health­related warning for people becoming tired and weak in the heat.Belgium gave its highest warning since its weather warning system was put in place 20 years ago, and Germany placed the whole country under a heat warning.

Britain's weather service, the Met Office, placed five of England's nine areas, including London, on a “Level Three” heat health watch, one level short of a national emergency.

Liz Bentley, the chief executive of Britain's Royal Meteorological Society, warned，“While a country like Britain is not used to heat waves, they could become more common because of the changing climate.If you live in a Mediterranean country, the population adapts to these temperatures.But we'll see the number of deaths go up in the next coming days.”

Grace Knee, 29, was an exception, loving the heat.“I love this weather，” she said, adding that she had applied strong sunscreen before staying under the sun.“I just like getting a tan (晒黑的皮肤)．”

语篇解读：本文是新闻报道。热浪席卷欧洲大陆，各国纷纷拉响警报。

5．What did René Pierron think of the weather?

A．It created some business chances.

B．It made his work more difficult.

C．It might lead to people dying.

D．It would end soon.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，René Pierron认为此次高温使他的户外工作变得很困难。

6．How did Germany deal with the heat wave?

A．It had carried out many helpful actions.

B．It suggested people stay away from work.

C．It warned the whole country of the heat.

D．It provided air conditioning for poor people.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Germany placed the whole country under a heat warning”可知，德国向全体国民发出了高温警告。

7．What do Liz Bentley's words mean?

A．Such weather will appear more frequently.

B．The weather has little influence on Britain.

C．Thousands of people will die because of the weather.

D．People have fully realized the danger of the weather.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第六段Liz Bentley说的话可知，Liz Bentley认为，由于气候变化的原因，此类天气会出现得更加频繁。

8．What is the best title for this text?

A．Heat wave spreads across Europe

B．Heat wave makes things bad for human beings

C．Europe tries to find ways to deal with heat wave

D．Heat wave calls for people to protect the environment

解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文是一篇新闻报道。该报道指出，欧洲各国受热浪影响，气温屡创新高，各国针对这一现象，纷纷拉响高温警报。因此，A项适合作本文的标题。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

A powerful magnitude 7.1 temblor rocked Southern California on July 5, 2019, just 34 hours after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake hit the same area.This latest event was widely felt. __9__ Aftershocks are expected to continue.

Earthquakes are also called temblors.__10__ It's hard to imagine they happen by the thousands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors.Some 80% of all the planet's earthquakes happen along the rim (边缘) of the Pacific Ocean.__11__ That is because of a lot of volcanic activity there, as well.

Scientists give a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic (地震的) waves.A magnitude of 3 to 4.9 is considered minor or light; 5 to 6.9 is moderate (中等的) to strong; 7 to 7.9 is major; and 8 or more is great.

__12__ Some 10,000 people die in earthquakes every year.Earthquakes may also lead to other natural disasters.Smaller temblors that usually happen in the days following a large earthquake can cause further death and damage.__13__

A．It is called the “Ring of Fire”．

B．They can cause huge damage.

C．Protect yourself as quickly as possible.

D．In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year.

E．Loss of life can be avoided through planning and education.

F．One important way is to try to make your home as safe as possible.

G．It caused several fires and damage to buildings and roads in Ridgecrest and nearby.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。

9．选G　上文中提到加利福尼亚州发生了7.1级地震，G项指出了此次地震所造成的结果，其中的It指代上文中的“A powerful magnitude 7.1 temblor”。

10．选B　B项中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B项中的“cause huge damage”与下文中的“It's hard to imagine they happen”语义上形成连贯，指出地震的危害。

11．选A　下文中的“a lot of volcanic activity there”解释了A项中“Ring of Fire”——环太平洋火山带的含义。

12．选D　D项承接上文中的“8 or more is great”，与下文中的“Some 10,000 people die in earthquakes every year”之间是并列关系，指出了全球每年地震发生的概况。

13．选E　上句提到大地震之后发生的震级较小的地震会造成进一步的死亡与损失。E项指出了避免造成这一损失的方法与措施。

Ⅲ.完形填空

Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.If there is an earthquake or a hurricane, for example, there could be a __14__ cut, or the water could get polluted.You might be __15__ at your home for several days because of a storm or a flood.Having an emergency kit __16__ could help if anything like this __17__.

Your emergency kit might include the following __18__：

The first aid kit should include alcohol, cotton wool, bandages, painkillers, clean bottled water and burn ointment.

It is __19__ to keep non­perishable (不易腐坏的) food supplies.In other words, food that won't spoil (变质) out of the fridge，such as canned food.There should be __20__ food for three days.It is better if the food does not have to be cooked.Don't __21__ the can opener!

It's a good __22__ for each family member to have a __23__ change of clothes, including waterproof shoes and a raincoat, as well as some warm blankets in case you have to __24__ outdoors, just as if you were camping!

Other things you can __25__ the kit are: flashlight and spare batteries, paper and pencils, mobile radio, matches and candles.Don't forget these things need to be checked regularly to be sure that they __26__ well.Check the expiry (期满) __27__ on any canned food.You can also put in a backpack some of the things that are __28__ to you, such as a toy or something else that you care about.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了准备应急包的重要性以及应急包里应该放置哪些东西。

14．A.paper  B．price 

C．knife  D．power

解析：选D　设空处与下文中的“the water could get polluted”应该是发生地震或者飓风之后可能会出现的结果。只有a power cut(断电)符合语境。

15．A.relaxed  B．alone 

C．stuck  D．free

解析：选C　由下文中的“at your home”可知，你受灾不得不困在家里好几天。stuck(被困)符合语境，说明是一种无奈之举。

16．A.clean  B．prepared

C．open  D．paid

解析：选B　由本段的中心句“Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.”以及上文列举的情况可知，这里是说当上述灾难“发生(happens)”时，“准备(prepared)”好应急包的必要性。

17．A.happens  B．changes

C．stops  D．chooses

解析：选A　参见上题解析。

18．A.plans  B．tips

C．disasters  D．supplies

解析：选D　下文提到的急救药箱、不容易腐坏的食物和备用衣服都是应急包里应该有的东西。故supplies(补给品)符合语境。

19．A.unspeakable  B．reusable

C．advisable  D．admirable

解析：选C　由上文中的“Your emergency kit might include”可知，不易腐坏的食物是作者认为需要放在应急包里的东西。故advisable(明智的)符合语境。

20．A.some  B．enough 

C．hot  D．delicious

解析：选B　根据常识可知，这里应该指准备好够三天的食物，以备不时之需。

21．A.forget  B．bring 

C．try  D．buy

解析：选A　由上文中的“canned food”及常识可知，准备罐头食品，自然也要准备开罐器。故这里表示不要忘记准备开罐器。

22．A.dream  B．excuse 

C．idea  D．chance

解析：选C　为每个家庭成员准备好这些东西是个不错的主意。

23．A.sudden  B．daily

C．spare  D．real

解析：选C　根据常识可知，应急包放置的衣服应该是为家人准备好可替换的衣服。故选spare，表示“备用的”。

24．A.sleep  B．tour 

C．run  D．cook

解析：选A　由下文中的“as if you were camping”可知，就像野营时一样，毯子的作用是保暖，以在户外休息时御寒。

25．A.take in  B．get in 

C．turn in  D．put in

解析：选D　由上文中的“Your emergency kit might include”可知，这里指应急包里还应该放置的其他东西。put in ...“把……放到……里”。

26．A.play  B．work 

C．deliver  D．know

解析：选B　定期检查应急包里所含物品的目的是要确保这些应急的物品能用。work表示“奏效，起作用”。

27．A.date  B．notice 

C．law  D．value

解析：选A　根据常识可知，食物是有保质期的。因此这里指罐装食物包装盒上的有效期。

28．A.boring  B．important

C．new  D．acceptable

解析：选B　根据常识及下文中的“such as a toy or something else that you care about”可知，放入应急包里的东西应是对你重要的。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Natural phenomena (现象) can sometimes strike very hard and cause disasters if effective measures have not been taken or if some human __1__ (activity) have harmed the natural environment.

For example, too much water that the soil __2__ (be) unable to take in can cause floods, while too little water in some areas can lead to drought.But people can make situations __3__ (bad), for example, when trees are cut down and no new ones __4__ (plant)．This makes the soil very dry, which can create conditions __5__ (high) suitable for soil being blown away.What's more, when rain comes, there might not be enough roots and plant cover __6__ (make) the soil stick together, and a landslide can take place.

Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly __7__ people.Farmers, for example, sometimes burn __8__ (they) fields to deal with wild plants before planting, and the fire can get out of control.Sometimes people are careless when smoking or forget to put out campfires when they go camping.A little spark is sometimes all it takes to start __9__ fire.

If we destroy parts of nature such as forests and mountain plants, we are destroying the natural barriers __10__ protect us from tsunamis, droughts, landslides, floods and other disasters.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了人类与自然灾害之间的关系。

1．activities　考查名词复数。根据其后的谓语动词have及语境可知，这里指“一些人类活动”，表示泛指，故填复数形式。

2．is　考查时态和主谓一致。从句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；且其主语是soil，故填is。

3．worse　考查形容词比较级。situations指代上文的“水量过多或过少会引起洪灾或旱灾”，根据But和语境可知，此处表达的是比较意义，指人类会让这种情况变得更糟。

4．are planted　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；ones指代trees，谓语动词用复数；又因ones与动词plant之间是被动关系，故填are planted。

5．highly　考查副词。空处作状语，修饰形容词suitable，故填副词形式。

6．to make　考查非谓语动词。空处作定语，说明enough roots and plant cover的作用，故填to make。

7．by　考查介词。根据语境可知，大多数野火都是由人类直接或间接引起的。

8．their　考查代词。空处作定语，修饰名词fields，表示“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词。

9．a　考查冠词。这里指引起一场火灾，是泛指，又因fire的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。

10．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代natural barriers，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。

Ⅴ.应用文写作

假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生。你校将进行地震应急演练(drill)，需要设计一张英文版的宣传海报(poster)，请写封邮件给你的英国朋友Olivia，请她帮忙设计。内容包括：

1．请求帮忙的原因；2.需要的帮助；3.表示感谢。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考范文：

Dear Olivia，

I need to design a poster for an earthquake drill to be held at our school next Friday.I wonder if you would have time to help me with the design.

I know you are good at computer drawing.Would you please design some pictures for me？I'm also having difficulty writing the drill­related words for the poster, so I would be thankful if you could correct my version.

Thank you very much for any help you can provide.I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua