语法-非谓语动词 课件 中考英语复习人教版
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这是一份语法-非谓语动词 课件 中考英语复习人教版,共52页。PPT课件主要包含了非谓语, 谓语,除非一公一母,谓语动词,非谓语动词,非谓语动词的分类,Attention,非谓语动词的答题技巧,判断主动还是被动,判断时态等内容,欢迎下载使用。
What is Nnfinite Verb?
First, let’s see “Verb”
1.说明主语是什么或做什么,一般在主语后2.有人称、数、时态、语态的变化
1.不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,有t d、V-ing、V-ed的形式
动名词 (v-ing)
分词 (v-ing / v-ed)
动词不定式的基本形式为:t + 动词原形否定 nt t d动词不定式没有人称、数的变化,在句中不能作谓语,但可以充当其余句子成分。
动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数。但当动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作为形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)后置,特别是不定式短语较长的时候。
Eg. T learn English well is very imprtant t us. = It is very imprtant fr us t learn English well.
常作某些动词的宾语。常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有:want, hpe, wish, plan, ffer, learn, prefer, manage, agree, need, refuse, advice, agree, decide等
Eg. I want t be a dctr when I grw up. 我长大后想当一名医生。What d yu plan t d this Saturday? 这周六你打算做什么?
不定式作定语要放在所修饰的词的后面。不定式作定语,通常表示未发生的动作。
Eg. I have much hmewrk t d tday. 今天我有很多作业要做。The tpic t be discussed at the meeting is still unknwn. 会议上要讨论的议题仍然未知。
常表目的、结果或原因。
Eg. T give the teacher a gd impressin, I decided t sit in the frnt rw. 为了给老师留下一个好印象,我决定坐在前排。(表目的)He is ld enugh t jin the army. 他到了可以参军的年龄。(表结果)T catch the train, I have t get up early. 为了赶上火车,我必须早起。(表原因)
后面跟动词不定式作补语的动词有:tell, ask, want, allw, wuld like, invite, wish, teach, encurage, expect等;而make, hear, see, watch, let 等词后面常接省略t的动词不定式作为补语,但这些词用于被动语态时,必须加上t。
Eg. He asked me t turn ff the light. 他让我关灯。My mther tld me nt t stay ut late. 我妈妈告诉我不要在外面待到很晚。I heard him sing in the classrm. 我听见他在教室里唱歌。= he was heard t sing in the classrm.
通常放在be动词或seem之后,说明主语的性质、内容等
Eg. His jb is t d the dishes. 他的工作是洗餐具。Her dream is t becme a teacher. 她的梦想是成为一名老师。He seems t be angry. 他似乎很生气。
不定式t d的句法功能
带疑问词的不定式短语
1.Wuld yu like _____ sme cffee?( )A.haveB.t haveC.havingD.had2.Yu are suppsed______befre entering the rm.( )A.knckB.knckingC.t knckD.will knck 3.﹣Shuld we be allwed ______withut wearing a mask口罩? ﹣I dn't think s.( ) A.t get tgether B.getting tgether C.gt tgether D.t getting tgether
4.These exchange prgrams enable students ____ their studies in anther cuntry.( )A.cmpleteB.t cmpleteC.cmpletingD.t cmpleting5.______the 6: 00 plane this mrning, I have t hurry up.( ) A.Catching B.Caught C.T catch D.Catch 6.Culd yu please ________ yur mask when yu get n the bus? A. wear B. t wear C. wearing D. wre
动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成
动名词 (v-ing) 的功能
动名词 (v-ing)作主语
动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Eg. Eating t much is bad fr yur health. 吃得太多对你的健康有害处。Swimming is a gd sprt. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
动名词 (v-ing)作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语。后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语有)有:enjy, mind, keep, stand(忍受), like, be wrth, be busy, have fun, suggest, can’t help, cnsider, have trubles/prblems, practice, spend 等
Eg. Students keep wrking very hard fr a gd university. 学生一直很努力学习,考个好大学。He spends much time reading every day.他每天都花很多时间阅读。
(2)作介词的宾语。Keep n, give up, lk frward t, get(be) used t, be tired f, succeed in , be used fr, thanks fr, be interesting in 等。
Eg. I am used t getting up early in the mrning. 我习惯于早晨很早起床。I lk frward t hearing frm yu. 我盼望收到你的来信。
动名词 (v-ing)作定语
动名词作定语时一般表示所修饰词的用途,与所修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Eg. The sleeping bus = the bus fr sleeping 卧铺汽车A changing rm = a rm fr changing clthes 更衣间A walking stick = a stick fr walking 拐杖/手杖
动名词 (v-ing)作表语
动名词作表语时,主语常是表示无生命事物的名词或what 引导的名词性从句。
Eg. Yur task is cleaning the windws.Being laughed at is what I hate mst.
有些V-ing和不定式作宾语意义差别很大:
后跟V-ing形式作宾语的常用动词:
1.—Mary dances best in ur schl. —I agree. I’ll never frget ____ her dance fr the first time. A.seeing B.t see C.see D.seen2.—Yu can nly keep the bks fr tw weeks,Tm. Remember_____them n time. —I will. A.return B.returning C.t return D.returned 3.Richard turned ff the cmputer after he had finished__. A. wrk B.t wrk C.wrking D.wrked
分词 (v-ing/v-ed)
分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+ed”,但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意;过去分词有被动、完成 之意。
分词 (v-ing/v-ed) 的功能
分词 (v-ing/v-ed) 作定语
现在分词、过去分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。
Eg. D yu knw the girl standing there? 你认识站在那边的那个女孩吗?Please hand in yur written exercises. 请上交你们的书面练习。The meeting held last week is very imprtant. 上周举行的会议非常重要。(被动,会议被举办;且动作已完成)Tell the children playing there nt t make s much nise.告诉在那玩儿的孩子们不要太吵闹。
分词 (v-ing/v-ed) 作状语
分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
Eg. They went ut f the classrm, talking and laughing. 他们谈笑着走出教室。Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy. 听到这个消息,他们都高兴得跳了起来。Seen frm the tp f the hill, the city lked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市像个大花园。
分词 (v-ing/v-ed) 作补语
现在分词作补语,与被补足的宾语或主语之间是主动关系;过去分词作补语,与被补足的宾语或主语之间是被动关系。
Eg. It is implite t keep thers waiting. 让别人等是不礼貌的。(wait和thers之间是主动关系)I gt my bike repaired just nw. 我刚让人修理了我的自行车。(bike和repaired之间是被动关系)
分词 (v-ing/v-ed) 作表语
现在分词作表语,表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词作表语表示某种状态。
Eg. The film is very mving. 这部电影很感人。The blackbard is brken. 这块黑板碎了。
具有形容词性质的过去分词形式:
总结: 动名词v-ing 和 现在分词 v-ing
二者具体分析 可用随赠的文档进行讲解和补充
判断是否用非谓语动词。
技巧:一是看是否有逗号,二是看是否有谓语,三是看是否有连词。英语中逗号不连接两个独立的句子,一个句子若没有连词,且只能有一个谓语。
技巧:找非谓语动词的逻辑主语,并判断是主谓关系还是动宾关系。一般主谓关系用ding或者t d,动宾关系用dne。
技巧:如果非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动作之前,常用完成时;同时发生的用进行时;将来发生的用不定式。
Eg. The building t be built next year will be a restaurant.Having waited fr tw hurs, he went away.
Practice makes perfect !
1.Water park is a gd place ____.
A. t have fun B. have fun C. having fun D. t have a fun
1. A 动词不定式 t have fun 作名词 place 的 后置定语。“have fun”为固定搭配
2. We dn’t knw ____ it next. Let’s g and ask Mr.Li.
A. what t d B. t d whatC. whether t d D. t d whether
2. C what 为疑问代词,本来可以作 d 的宾语,若选A则空线后的 it 多余;whether 可以引导 t d,是否做某事。
3. Mike went t the library_______ sme bks yesterday.
A. Brrw B. t brrw C. brrws D. brrwed
3. B 动词不定式 表目的。
4.____in a lng queen, we waited fr the stre t pen t buy a new ipad.
A. Standing B. T standC. Std D. Stand
4. A 一看有逗号,二看有谓语 waited,三看无连词,所以用非谓语,stand和we之间是主动关系,故用用现在分词作状语,standing
5.When we saw the rad_______ with snw, we decided t stay at hme.
A. blck B. t blck C. blcking D. blcked
5. D rad为blck的逻辑主语,且为动宾关系,故用被动形式, 过去分词。
6.-D yu have any difficulty in _____ English?-Yes, but I try t make myself_____.
A. t speak; understd B. speaking; t understandC. t speak; t understand D. speaking; understd
6. D 我努力使自己被(别人)理解,动宾关系,过去分词形式。
7.-I think yu shuld stp _____ him in English.-I see. He can’t understand English at all. Let me try in France.
A. talking t B. t talk t C. talk t D. t talking t
7. A stp t d sth. 停下来去做某事; stp ding sth.停止做某事
8. Sme peple enjy _ ut their messages in bttles when they travel n the sea.A. t send B.send C.sending D.sent 9. As we all knw, a persn learns many things by making mistakes and______them. A. crrects B. crrect C.t crrect D.crrecting 10.Larry hpes _____his English,s he keeps practicing it every day. A. t slve B. slving C.t imprve D.imprving
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