高中英语上外版必修一期末冲刺之阅读理解-讲义（原卷+解析卷）

高一期末考冲刺之“阅读理解”篇 Part 1 Overview  1. 历年高一上期末阅读理解文章总览 高一期末阅读理解的文章篇幅一般在400词左右；在语言文化上，以美国英语和文化为主，多为以母语为英语的人写的原汁原味的反映外国生活内容的文章，很少涉及国内题材，符合中学生学习英语的目的和实践。题材的文章选择多源自欧美英语社会主流媒体；体现了"贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生"的原则。 高频考点1：  文章题材多为说明文  高频考点2：  文章主题群多为生活与学习、历史、社会与文化 高频考点3：  各类题型均有涉及，做对事实细节题是阅读得高分的关键
  Part 2 Reading comprehension  1. 阅读理解细节题解题技巧1.1 细节题考查内容1.2 细节题的题干特征以下是细节题题干的是：________A. According to the passage, what is the significance of the discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 system?B. What can we infer from the last paragraph?C. Which of the following statement is probably true according to the passage?D. What is the best title for the passage?E. According to the context, “tricks” in Paragraph Five refer to ________.F. Scientist have measured some aspects of the exoplanets EXCEPT_______.G. Which of the following descriptions about the seven exoplanets is NOT TRUE?H. Why are most rainforest soils thin and poor?  1.2 细节题的解题步骤Ex.1 HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution. “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, ” says Florence Gold, a project manager. 题干：What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education. Ex.2 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt who offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn, 13, and Jack,  题干： How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her. 1.3 细节题选项特征       2. 细节题专项操练A段落. Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. 题干：People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out ________.A. how well they could do in athleticsB. what their health condition was likeC. what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD. whether they were fit for aerobic exercise B段落. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. 题干：Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?A. A stuffy nose. B. A high temperature. C. A sore throat. D. A dry cough. C段落. Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. 题干：One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.A. they have a wider range of interestsB. they are more reliant on the environmentC. they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD. they are more interested in what’s happening around them D段落. When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. 题干：What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?A. A rail.  B. An engine.  C. A retractable arm. D. A computer controller. E段落. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. 题干：The underwater listening system was originally designed ________.A. to trace and locate enemy vesselsB. to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC. to study the movement of ocean currentsD. to replace the global radio communications network F段落. Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, ‘The business of America is business.”The negative side of Henry Ford’s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business -- referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing -- the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high -- creates feelings of insecurity for many. 题干：Henry Ford’s statements can be taken negatively because ______.A. working people are discouraged to fight for their rightsB. there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD. public services are not run by the federal government
 Part 3 Practice  2019曹杨二中高一上期末In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it doesn’t actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the workers’ contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent more money led to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.  1.Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true? A. To make jobs more varied. B. To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way. C. Degree of work contribution. D. Demands for longer working hours. 2.Why do workers want more money? A. Because their jobs are too boring.   B. In order to enjoy more spare time. C. To make their job more interesting.   D. To demand shorter working hours. 3.The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers’ jobs more interesting, ______. A. they will want more money B. they will demand shorter working hours C. more money and shorter working hours are important factors D. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them 4. In this passage, the author tells us ______. A. how to make the workers more productive B. possible factors leading to greater efficiency C. to a certain extent more money lead to greater productivity D. how to make workers jobs more interesting 
2019交大附中高一上期末The Fertile Rainforest Soils in AmazonLow-level slash-and-burn(刀耕火种) farming doesn’t harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the unorthodox(非正统的) view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today. Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest floor. It means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for long-term successful farming. But Bruno Glaser, a soil scientist of the University of Bayreuth, has studied unexpected patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon. These soils contain lots of organic matter. Glaser has shown that most of this fertile organic matter comes from ''black carbon'', the organic particles from camp fires and charred(烧焦的) wood left over from thousands of years of slash-and-burn farming. ''The soils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70 times more black carbon than the surrounding soil, '' says Glaser. Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is typically more than 1,000 years old. ''Slash-and-burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesn't completely burn all the vegetation, and leaves behind charred wood, '' says Glaser. ''It can be better than manure(粪肥). Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of years. And rainforests easily regrow after small-scale clearing. Contrary to the conventional view that human activities damage the environment, '' Glaser says: ''Black carbon combined with human waste is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils. '' Terra Preta soils turn up in large patches all over the Amazon, where they are highly prized by farmers. All the patches fall within 500 square kilometers in the central Amazon. Glaser says the widespread presence of pottery confirms the soil’s human origins. The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for ''virgin'' forest. During the past decade, researchers have discovered hundreds of large earth works deep in the jungle. They are up to 20 meters high and cover up to a square kilometer. Glaser claims that these earth works, built between AD 400 and 1400, were at the heart of urban civilizations. Now it seems the richness of the Terra Preta soils may explain how such civilizations managed to feed themselves.  1. According to the passage, it is generally believed that _______.A. slash-and-burn farming betters the forest soilsB. slash-and-burn farming reduces the black carbon in the soilsC. slash-and-burn framing does harm to the forest soilsD. slash-and-burn farming damages the minerals in the soils 2. Why are most rainforest soils thin and poor?A. The topsoil contains a relatively small number of the ingredients.B. Most organic matter is missing because of the heat and heavy rain.C. A majority part of soils are likely to be washed away by heavy rain.D. Black carbon and human waste negatively impact the soil to a great extent. 3. Glaser claims that rainforests will recover ________.A  when the vegetation is burnt completelyB. if there is no slash-and-burn farmingC. at a slow rate after small-scale burningD. readily after small-scale burning 4. Which of the following statement is probably true according to the passage?A. Amazon rainforest soils used to be the richest in the world.B. Human activities will do great damage to rainforests.C. There once existed an urban civilization in the Amazon rainforests.D. Farming is responsible for the destruction of the Amazon rainforests.