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高中英语上教版（2020）必修 第二册3 Progress精练
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这是一份高中英语上教版（2020）必修 第二册3 Progress精练，共19页。
Unit 3 Food
单元素养评估测试卷
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Section B
Social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years, ___1___ in the home or the workplace. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
___2___ household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them ___3___ (respond) more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot, ___4___ (arrange) to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on ___5___ it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications ___6___ everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company ___7___ (bring) social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, ___8___ can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, ___9___ (much) it learns.But Oshbot, like other social robots, ___10___ (not intend) to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
【答案】1. either 2. while 3. to respond 4. arranged 5. what 6. in
7. bringing 8. which 9. the more 10. is not intended
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了社交机器人将以一种更人性化的方式把技术带到日常世界。
【1题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：未来几年，社交机器人将变得更加普遍，无论是在家里还是在工作场所。根据or the workplace，可知此处用either，固定短语either...or...“要么……要么……，不是……就是……”。故填either。
【2题详解】
考查连接词。句意：今天的家用机器人做着普通的家务，社交机器人将更像是伙伴而不仅仅是工具。根据social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools可知，前后句为对比转折句，连词while“虽然，在……期间，（对比两件事物）……而”符合题意。故填while。
【3题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这使它们能够更适当地响应用户。根据allows them可知，此处用不定式，短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填to respond。
【4题详解】
考查过去分词作定语。句意：Jibo机器人将于今年迟点上市，它被设计成一个个性化的助手。arrange与the Jibo robot是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词作定语。故填arranged。
【5题详解】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：它的反应基于它对家庭中每个人的了解。此处是what引导的宾语从句，what在句子作learn的宾语。故填what。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：它们在从教育到医疗保健的各个领域都有潜在的应用，并且已经在这些领域找到了自己的出路。根据everything from education to health care可知，用介词in表示“在……方面”。故填in。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Fellow Robots是一家将社交机器人推向市场的公司。此句已有谓语动词is，此处要用非谓语动词，且one company与动词bring是主谓关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填bringing。
【8题详解】
考查非限制定语从句。句意：该公司的“Oshbot”机器人是用来帮助顾客进入商店的，它可以帮助顾客找到物品，并帮助引导他们到达产品在商店中的位置。代表前句内容，且做后面句子主语，故填which。
【9题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：机器人与人类互动越多，它的学习能力就越强。根据The more interaction the robot has with humans,可知用the more。句式The+比较级…, the+比较级…“越……越……”。故填the more。
【10题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：但和其他社交机器人一样，Oshbot并不是为了取代工人，而是为了和其他员工一起工作。短语be not intended to“不打算……”，主语为Oshbot，时态为一般现在时。故填is not intended。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Corporate scandals (丑闻), like political scandals, start with shocking revelation and then move inevitably into who-knew-what stage. This is where executives can start reestablishing their ____21____ —or deepen the damage.
Since they were forced to ____22____ one of the biggest frauds (欺诈行为) in auto industry history last month, the executives at Volkswagen have offered ____23____ and promised to fix the cheating devices wired into eleven millions of their diesel cars (柴油车). But they haven’t explained who ordered, ____24____ and designed the software that enabled the cars to cheat on emissions tests while emitting ____25____ on the road. Nor has Volkswagen said how and when it plans to fix the cars, which many customers bought in the belief that they were fuel ____26____ and clean.
On October 8, German prosecutors broke into the corporate offices as part of their investigation. Meanwhile, Matthias Muller, the ____27____ appointed chief executive, continued to insist that the former executive, Martin Winterkorn, who resigned shortly after the scandal, knew ____28____. “Do you really think that a chief executive had time for the inner functioning of engine software?” he said in a recent interview, as if the problem was some
____29____ shortcoming and not an elaborate effort to ____30____ regulators and customers around the world.
If Mr. Winterkorn was not responsible, who was? Nobody believes that the handful of senior managers could have ____31____ this scheme without any support. Hans-Dieter Potsch, a supervisory board chairman, issued a statement earlier this month, saying it would take time before Volkswagen could make ____32____ the findings of its internal investigations. “We must overcome the crisis,” he explained, “but we must also ensure that Volkswagen continues to grow.” That seems to miss the point that Volkswagen will neither overcome the crisis nor grow unless it can instantly produce some ___33___ answers and explanations.
Even if they manage to fix millions of cars, Volkswagen executives will still face an enormous ____34____ from lawsuits, lost sales and the ____35____ to Volkswagen’s reputation. There is no device to block the angry and urgent questions that they face. Apologizing is just the easy part.
21. A. reputation B. revenge C. responsibility D. revolution
22. A. commit B. recognize C. admit D. revise
23. A. gratitude B. apologies C. guidance D. authorities
24. A. approved B. chose C. withdrew D. undertook
25. A. light B. ashes C. smell D. pollutants
26. A. effective B. efficient C. extinct D. essential
27. A. officially B. voluntarily C. temporarily D. newly
28 A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
29. A. minor B. major C. inferior D. superior
30. A. conceal B. confuse C. attract D. deceive
31. A. held on B. got rid of C. carried out D. made up
32. A. clear B. public C. possible D. convenient
33. A. convincing B. likely C. factual D. solid
34. A. conflict B. opportunities C. competitions D. challenges
35. A. response B. blow C. solution D. key
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。大众汽车自上月被迫承认汽车行业历史上最大的欺诈行为之一以来，大众汽车高管已表示道歉，并承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备。文章就这一事件展开，说明了大众汽车高管对此事的态度和可能对大众造成的影响。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这里，高管们可以开始重建自己的声誉——或者加深损害。A. reputation名誉；B. revenge复仇；C. responsibility责任；D. revolution革命。呼应最后一段中“to Volkswagen’s reputation”指大众的欺骗行为使自己的声誉受损。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自上月被迫承认汽车行业历史上最大的欺诈行为之一以来，大众汽车高管已表示道歉，并承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备。A. commit犯罪；B. recognize识别；C. admit承认；D. revise修订。结合后文“and promised to fix the cheating devices wired into eleven millions of their diesel cars”大众汽车高管承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备，可推测他们已经被迫承认犯下了欺诈行为。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自上月被迫承认汽车行业历史上最大的欺诈行为之一以来，大众汽车高管已表示道歉，并承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备。A. gratitude感激；B. apologies道歉；C. guidance指导；D. authorities权威。上文提到大众汽车被迫承认了自己的欺诈行为，后文则说他们承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备，可推测他们为自己的行为表示了道歉。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们没有解释是谁下令、批准和设计了这种软件，使汽车能够在道路上排放污染物时在排放测试中作弊。A. approved批准；B. chose选择；C. withdrew收回；D. undertook承担。根据前后文“they haven’t explained who ordered, … and designed the software”可知，软件先是由谁下令、批准和设计的，approve符合语境。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他们没有解释是谁下令、批准和设计了这种软件，使汽车能够在道路上排放污染物时在排放测试中作弊。A. light光；B. ashes灰烬；C. smell气味；D. pollutants污染物。结合上文“the cars to cheat on emissions tests while emitting”可知，此处指汽车在排放污染物时，还能通过排放测试。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大众也没有说它计划如何、何时修理这些汽车，许多消费者购买这些汽车是因为他们相信它们省油、清洁。A. effective有效的；B. efficient有效率的；C. extinct灭绝的；D. essential基本的。根据前后文“many customers bought in the belief that they were fuel … and clean”可知，许多顾客买这些汽车是因为汽车省油和清洁，fuel efficient“省油”。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，新任首席执行官Matthias Muller继续坚称，在丑闻发生后不久辞职的前首席执行官Martin Winterkorn对此事一无所知。A. officially官方地；B. voluntarily自愿地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. newly新地，最近。根据后文“the former executive, Martin Winterkorn, who resigned shortly after the scandal”可知前首席执行官Martin Winterkorn在丑闻发生后不久辞职，说明Matthias Muller是新上任的首席执行官。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查不定代词辨析。句意：与此同时，新任首席执行官Matthias Muller继续坚称，在丑闻发生后不久辞职的前首席执行官Martin Winterkorn对此事一无所知。A. anything任何事；B. something某事；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything一切。结合后文他的回答“Do you really think that a chief executive had time for the inner functioning of engine software?”可知，他通过反问来表达一位首席执行官根本没有时间研究引擎软件的内部功能，说明他坚称前首席执行官Martin Winterkorn对此事一无所知。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你真的认为一位首席执行官有时间研究引擎软件的内部功能吗？”他在最近的一次采访中表示，似乎这个问题只是一个小缺陷，而不是为了欺骗全球各地的监管机构和客户而精心策划的。A. minor次要的；B. major主要的；C. inferior差的；D. superior上级的。结合前后文语境“as if the problem was some … shortcoming”可知，Winterkorn说首席执行官根本没时间去研究汽车的内部功能，说明他觉得这只是个小缺陷，并不是什么精心策划的骗局。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你真的认为一位首席执行官有时间研究引擎软件的内部功能吗？”他在最近的一次采访中表示，似乎这个问题只是一个小缺陷，而不是为了欺骗全球各地的监管机构和客户而精心策划的。A. conceal隐藏；B. confuse使混乱；C. attract吸引；D. deceive欺骗。呼应第二段中“one of the biggest frauds in auto industry history last month”，指这一作弊行为不是为了欺骗全球各地的监管机构和客户而精心策划的。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有人相信，在没有任何支持的情况下，少数几位高级经理能够实施这一计划。A. held on继续；B. got rid of摆脱；C. carried out实施；D. made up编造。根据后文宾语“this scheme”指实施计划，应用carry out。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：本月早些时候，大众监事会主席Hans-Dieter Potsch发表声明称，大众公布内部调查结果还需要一段时间。A. clear清楚的；B. public公众的；C. possible可能的；D. convenient方便的。结合前后文语境“make …the findings of its internal investigations”可知为短语make public表示“公开，公布”调查结果。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎忽略了一点：除非大众能立即拿出一些令人信服的答案和解释，否则它既不会克服危机，也不会增长。A. convincing令人信服的；B. likely可能的；C. factual事实的；D. solid固体的。上文“Nobody believes that the handful of senior managers could”提到人们不相信这起欺诈行为是一些经理实施的，说明人们需要大众能拿出一些令人信服的答案和解释。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使大众汽车的高管们设法修复了数百万辆汽车，他们仍将面临诉讼、销售损失和声誉受损等巨大挑战。A. conflict冲突；B. opportunities机会；C. competitions比赛；D. challenges挑战。根据后文“from lawsuits, lost sales and”列举了大众将面临诉讼、销售损失和声誉受损等巨大挑战。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使大众汽车的高管们设法修复了数百万辆汽车，他们仍将面临诉讼、销售损失和声誉受损等巨大挑战。A. response回应；B. blow挫折，吹；C. solution解决方案；D. key关键。根据后文“to Volkswagen’s reputation”可知，大众的欺诈行为使其名誉受到了打击和损害，blow to表示“打击”。故选B。
Section B
(A)
To take the apple as forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督徒) have ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that thought to have come from Hell. What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit — or is it a vegetable?” As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.
But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “What are you afraid of?” he shouted. “I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story set up a tomato-canning factory.
36. The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because __________.
A. it made Christians evil
B. it was the apple of Eden
C. it came from a forbidden land
D. it was religiously unacceptable
37. What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?
A. To make himself a hero.
B. To remove people’s fear of the tomato.
C. To speed up the popularity of the tomato.
D. To persuade people to buy products from his factory.
38. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To challenge people’s fixed concepts of the tomato.
B. To give an explanation to people’s dislike of the tomato.
C. To present the change of people’s attitudes to the tomato.
D. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是西红柿在刚开始进入西方社会的时候，被人们认为是禁果，不能食用。这样的情况持续了很久，后来在一些勇敢者尝试了以后，被人们所接受，人们对西红柿的态度发生了转变。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.(对他们来说，伊甸园里的禁果是邪恶的。因此，当哥伦布从被错误地认为是伊甸园的南美洲带回西红柿时，每个人都得出了显而易见的结论。西红柿被错误地视为伊甸园中的苹果，因此欧洲人把它拒之门外)”可知，在基督教里西红柿被当成了禁果，主要是因为宗教方面的原因，故选D项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后三行““What are you afraid of?” he shouted. “I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story set up a tomato-canning factory.(“你在害怕什么？”他喊道。“我要让你们这些傻瓜知道这些东西很好吃！”然后他咬了一口西红柿。有些人晕倒。但他活了下来，根据当地的一个故事，建立了一个番茄罐头工厂)”可知，罗伯特·约翰逊当众吃西红柿是为了告诉人们西红柿可以吃，是为了去除人们的偏见。故选B项。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段人们对西红柿的态度“Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.(西红柿被错误地视为伊甸园中的苹果，因此欧洲人把它拒之门外)”到最后一段“But in the end tomatoes carried the day.(但最后西红柿还是占上风)”以及文章大意可知，本文主要讲述的是人们对西红柿的态度的转变。故选C项。
(B)
What’s better than a video game that your kids can play over and over again? A membership to one of the many exciting places in Seattle that your kids visit over and over again (for a year at least). Click to join us and read on for our top picks.
Woodland Park Zoo
The Park Zoo was the most highly sought after membership by families in the Seattle area, and for good reason: there’s something for everyone! In addition to the hundreds of animals found throughout the 92 acres, there are plenty of outdoor spaces to run around (including playgrounds).
Tel: 206-5428-2500
Online: zoo.org
Annual Membership: $69/Flexible Guest Adult; $49/Named Adult; $19/Child; Under 2 Free
Point Defiance Zoo
Point Defiance Zoo is the only combined zoo and aquarium in the Pacific Northwest spread out over 29 acres. Your kids will enjoy getting up close and personal to the live sharks, riding a camel and exploring the interactive Kids’ Zone.
Tel: 253-591-5337
Online: pdza.org
Annual Membership: $124/Household; $105/Two adults; $24/Child
Seattle Aquarium
The Aquarium is particularly great for any budding environmentalists in your family who want to learn more about conservation efforts that affect the waters in the Pacific Northwest.
Tel: 206-386-4300
Online: seattleaquarium.org
Annual Membership: $189/Family Plus (2 adults, 5 children, 1 guest); $149/Family (2 adults, 5 children)
Museum of Flight
The Museum is the perfect indoor place to free your kids to dream big about the wide world. With all sorts of planes that you can see, touch and climb inside, this museum fulfills your flight dream.
Tel: 206-764-5700
Online: museumofflight.org
Annual Membership: $100/Family; $75/Two Adults
1. What do these places have in common?
A. They are all in Seattle. B. Kids can see animals there.
C. They all have outdoor activities. D. Members can get free admission.
2. Which place is favored by aircraft lovers?
A. Woodland Park Zoo. B. Point Defiance Zoo.
C. Seattle Aquarium. D. Museum of Flight.
3. How much does it cost for a family to visit Point Defiance Zoo?
A. $117. B. $124. C. $129. D. $148.
【解析】 这是一篇广告文，文章主要提供了一些适合西雅图地区家庭出行游玩场所。
1.A 【解析】【解析】推理判断题。根据第一部分“A membership to one of the many exciting places in Seattle that your kids visit over and over again (for a year at least).”可推断这些地方都来自Seattle，因此答案是A。
2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五部分“With all sorts of planes that you can see, touch and climb inside, this museum fulfills your flight dream.”可知答案为D。
3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三部分“$124/Household”可知一家人的费用就是124美元。
(C)
In recent years, 3D printers have mostly been used to create small, specialized items. This includes parts for automobiles, airplanes and medical devices. Many consumer products can also be 3D printed as well, from clothes to foods. Now, an increasing number of startup(新创办的)companies are using 3D printing to build entire homes. Since the technology is still developing, not many have yet been built. However, the top companies plan to greatly increase production in the coming years.
The startup company Icon, based in Austin, Texas, made news in 2018 by completing the first permitted 3D printed home in the U. S. At the time, it said the home had been built in just a day. Since then, the company says it has been developing new technologies in robotics, software and manufacturing materials. It designed its own 3D printer and said the robot-powered machine could create structures up to 185 square meters. The printing process uses a cement-based mixture that Icon says is stronger and saves more money than traditional building materials.
To date, Icon has completed 24 3D printed homes in the U. S. and Mexico. Among them was a community of 3D printed homes in a poor neighborhood in Mexico. The company has also completed a series of structures for homeless people in Austin. And it says it plans to open America's first housing development of 3D printed homes this summer.
A New York company, SQ4D, also uses 3D printing technology to build homes. In February, the company showed off a 130-square-meter model home to demonstrate (证明) its printer'sabilities. SQ4D plans to sell its homes starting at $299,000. The company has even started listing the homes on the Internet selling site Zillow. Kirk Andersen is SQ4D's director of operations. He told Reuters the 3D printer will permit buyers to easily create their own home design, room by room.
While 3 D printing as a home building method is just getting started, Andersen said others in the construction industry need to get prepared for big changes. “This is the beginning. This is just scratching the surface,” he said.
12. What can we learn about 3D printing technology from Paragraph 1?
A. It needs to be perfected. B. It enjoys the highest status.
C. It is being used for building homes. D. It helps produce some large and unique items.
13. What feature do 3D printed homes have when compared with traditional building methods?
A. They're more comfortable. B. They're more environment-friendly.
C. They're more complex. D. They're less expensive.
14. What is Andersen's attitude to the future of 3D printing as a home building way?
A. Concerned. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
15. What is the main idea of the text?
A. The development of smart homes. B. The importance of 3D printers.
C. 3D printing in building homes. D. Construction industry's future.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了3D打印机的用途，特别是在建设房屋方面的用途。
12. 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，3D打印技术正用于房屋建设中,由此可知答案选C。
13. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段The printing process uses a cement-based mixture that Icon says is stronger and saves more money than traditional building materials. 可知，与传统的建筑方法相比，3D打印的房屋能够省钱。
14. 【答案】B
【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段Andersen said others in the construction industry need to get prepared for big changes. 并结合Andersen 所说的话可知，该项技术有很广阔的前景，因此他很支持这项技术。
15. 【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了3D打印机在房屋建设方面的作用，因此选项C符合。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It doesn’t seem that US singer Bob Dylan has much in common with literary mavens like Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Elliot. ___54___.This year’s prize makes Dylan the first American since Toni Morrison in 1993 to win the title. At the same time, the surprise announcement has also ignited a firestorm of discussion around the globe.
Influential US writer Jodi Picoult joked that she might now deserve a Grammy. And well-known British-Indian novelist Hari Kunzru lamented on social media by saying: “This feels like the lamest Nobel win since they gave it to Obama for not being Bush.”
Dylan’s new status — a musician awarded the Nobel Prize for literature–to a degree defies convention. However, this is by no means his first prize for his writing talents. Back in 2008, the Pulitzer Prize jury awarded Dylan a special citation “for his profound impact on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power”. ___55___.
___56___. Protest songs like Blowin in the Wind (1962) were the anthems of anti-war and civil rights movements in 1960s US. Densely poetic and image-rich songs such as Mr. Tambourine Man (1965) pushed the folk-rock movement. And even today, many of Dylan’s songs are still relevant and streamed regularly by people all over the world.
In a speech during the MusiCares pre-Grammy honors in 2015, Dylan revealed how he uses lyrics to document American culture and create an American songbook of his own. “I learned lyrics and how to write them from listening to folk songs,” said Dylan. “And I played them, and I met other people that played them, back when nobody was doing it.”
___57___. “From Orpheus to Faiz, song & poetry have been closely linked,” Salman Rushdie, the Indian-born novelist also thought to have been a candidate for the prize, told The New York Times. “Dylan is the brilliant inheritor of the bardic tradition,” Rushdie added. “Great choice.”
A. There is nothing more honorable to win praise from one’s competitors.
B. In this sense, it could be argued that what the Nobel Committee is doing is simply reinforcing Dylan’s unshakable standing in the world of literature.
C. Dylan’s competitors questioned his winning the Nobel Prize for literature.
D. But, last week, these three figures became forever bonded by the Nobel Prize for literature.
E. Therefore, the Nobel committee just holds a different opinion from that of Pulitzer Prize jury.
F. The words behind Dylan’s songs address social issues and have been transmitted from generation to generation.
【答案】54. D 55. B 56. F 57. A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。讲述了美国民谣歌手鲍勃•迪伦在上周获得诺贝尔文学奖，这使得迪伦成为自1993年托尼·莫里森以来第一个获得该奖项的美国人。与此同时，这一出人意料的声明也在全球范围内引发了激烈的讨论。
【54题详解】
根据上一句It doesn’t seem that US singer Bob Dylan has much in common with literary mavens like Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Elliot.美国歌手鲍勃•迪伦似乎与欧内斯特•海明威和T.S.艾略特等文学大师并无多少共同之处。可知，此处描述内容是与他们三个人有关，选项D“但是，上周，这三个人被诺贝尔文学奖永远地联系在了一起。”符合题意。故选D项。
【55题详解】
根据上一句Back in 2008, the Pulitzer Prize jury awarded Dylan a special citation “for his profound impact on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power”.早在2008年，普利策奖评委会就给迪伦颁发了一个特别奖，“以他对流行音乐和美国文化的深远影响为标志，其歌词创作具有非凡的诗意力量”可知，此处描述内容应该与上文其他奖项给他的荣誉有关，选项B“从这个意义上说，可以说诺贝尔委员会所做的只是强化了迪伦在文学世界中不可动摇的地位。”符合题意。故选B项。
【56题详解】
根据下文Protest songs like Blowin in the Wind (1962) were the anthems of anti-war and civil rights movements in 1960s US. Densely poetic and image-rich songs such as Mr. Tambourine Man (1965) pushed the folk-rock movement. 《飘在风中》(1962)等抗议歌曲是20世纪60年代美国反战和民权运动的颂歌。充满诗意和意象丰富的歌曲，如《铃鼓人》(1965)推动了民谣摇滚运动。可知，此处位于句首，是本段主题句，描述内容应该是迪伦的歌曲对当时社会的反映，选项F“迪伦歌曲背后的歌词表达了社会问题，并代代相传。”符合题意。故选F项。
【57题详解】
根据下一句“From Orpheus to Faiz, song & poetry have been closely linked,” Salman Rushdie, the Indian-born novelist also thought to have been a candidate for the prize, told The New York Times.“从俄耳甫斯到法伊兹，歌曲和诗歌一直紧密相连，”印度出生的小说家萨尔曼·拉什迪告诉《纽约时报》，他也被认为是诺贝尔文学奖的候选人之一。可知，此处位于句首，是本段主题句，描述内容应该与迪伦的竞争对手有关，选项A“没有什么比赢得竞争对手的赞扬更光荣的事了。”符合题意。故选A项。
第II卷
Writing
Section A
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 今晚有场音乐会以表彰将要退休的教师。（honor）
2. 地震对居民造成的损害很小，这使当地政府十分宽慰。(relief)
3. 我相信，在双方的共同努力和密切合作下，我们会找到有关问题的妥善解决方法。(convince)
4. 直到最近几年病人才能很便捷地下载他们的医疗记录以获取如检测结果之类的信息。(access)
1.【答案】There will be a concert tonight in honor of the teacher(s) who will retire.
【解析】考查时态，名词和句型。分析句子可知，主句用there be句型，由时间状语tonight可知，用一般将来时，真正的主语是音乐会，用单数，表示“为了表彰”用短语in honor of；修饰名词teacher“教师”用定语从句，从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who，表示“将要退休的”用将来时，retire“退休”，故从句为who will retire。故译为There will be a concert tonight in honor of the teacher(s) who will retire.
2.【答案】Much to the local government’s relief, the earthquake caused little damage to the residents.
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。分析所给汉语意思可知，本句中“使……感到宽慰的是”可以使用“to one’s + relief”的结构，它在句子中作状语，“当地政府”为“ the local government”，则“这使当地政府十分宽慰”可以翻译为“much to the local government’s relief”； “对……造成损害”可翻译为“cause damage to”，“地震对居民造成的损害很小”是发生在过去的事情，句子应该使用一般过去时，则其可以翻译为“The earthquake caused little damage to the residents.”，故本句可译为：Much to the local government’s relief, the earthquake caused little damage to the residents.
3.答案】I am convinced that with joint efforts and close cooperation of both sides, we can / will find a proper solution to the related/relevant issue/problem.
【解析】考查时态和宾语从句。句子是叙述现在的情况，应该用一般现在时；“相信”是短语be convinced …；后接that引导的宾语从句；“在双方的共同努力和密切合作下”是短语with joint efforts and close cooperation of both sides；“找到……的解决方法”是短语find a solution to…，“有关的问题”是短语the related/relevant issue/problem。故翻译为I am convinced that with joint efforts and close cooperation of both sides, we can / will find a proper solution to the related/relevant issue/problem。
4.【答案】Patients can’t conveniently download their medical records to access / have access to information such as / like the test results until recent years.
【解析】考查时态和时间状语从句。句子是叙述现在的情况，应该用一般现在时；“直到……才”是not…until引导的时间状语从句；“便捷地”是副词conveniently；“下载医疗记录”是动词短语download medical records，“获取”可用动词access，也可用动词短语have access to；“以获取……”是目的状语，应用不定式作目的状语，表达为“to access / have access to…”；“如……之类”是短语such as 或like，“最近几年”是短语 recent years；“检测结果”the test results。故翻译为Patients can’t conveniently download their medical records to access / have access to information such as / like the test results until recent years。
Section B
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是育新中学学生王明，你校正在开展“绿色校园”主题活动，通过校英语报向全校学生政绩有助于节能的建议。你决定向校报投稿，内容包括：
1. 你认为校园里还可以采取哪些措施来达到节能的目的（1至2个措施）；
2. 这些措施如何实施，可以带来怎样的好处。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to offer some suggestions on the theme campaign of “Green Campus”. The following is what I have worked out for saving energy, the purpose of which is to make our school a better place to study and live in.
As a top priority, it’s necessary for us to take effective measures to save every drop of water and avoid waste. For example, we can call on students to switch off taps and lights after using them to save water and electricity. Secondly, I really suggest building a botanical garden on school campus, using recycled water and rain for irrigation. Through a close contact with nature, not only can we enjoy a more beautiful and lively campus, but we will also be more deeply aware of the importance of energy-saving and protection of the environment.
I would appreciate it very much if you could take my advice into account and I would be proud if my advice can be of help to save energy and build a greener campus.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Ming
Unit 3 Food
单元素养评估测试卷
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Section B
Social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years, ___1___ in the home or the workplace. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
___2___ household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them ___3___ (respond) more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot, ___4___ (arrange) to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on ___5___ it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications ___6___ everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company ___7___ (bring) social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, ___8___ can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, ___9___ (much) it learns.But Oshbot, like other social robots, ___10___ (not intend) to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
【答案】1. either 2. while 3. to respond 4. arranged 5. what 6. in
7. bringing 8. which 9. the more 10. is not intended
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了社交机器人将以一种更人性化的方式把技术带到日常世界。
【1题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：未来几年，社交机器人将变得更加普遍，无论是在家里还是在工作场所。根据or the workplace，可知此处用either，固定短语either...or...“要么……要么……，不是……就是……”。故填either。
【2题详解】
考查连接词。句意：今天的家用机器人做着普通的家务，社交机器人将更像是伙伴而不仅仅是工具。根据social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools可知，前后句为对比转折句，连词while“虽然，在……期间，（对比两件事物）……而”符合题意。故填while。
【3题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这使它们能够更适当地响应用户。根据allows them可知，此处用不定式，短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填to respond。
【4题详解】
考查过去分词作定语。句意：Jibo机器人将于今年迟点上市，它被设计成一个个性化的助手。arrange与the Jibo robot是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词作定语。故填arranged。
【5题详解】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：它的反应基于它对家庭中每个人的了解。此处是what引导的宾语从句，what在句子作learn的宾语。故填what。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：它们在从教育到医疗保健的各个领域都有潜在的应用，并且已经在这些领域找到了自己的出路。根据everything from education to health care可知，用介词in表示“在……方面”。故填in。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Fellow Robots是一家将社交机器人推向市场的公司。此句已有谓语动词is，此处要用非谓语动词，且one company与动词bring是主谓关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填bringing。
【8题详解】
考查非限制定语从句。句意：该公司的“Oshbot”机器人是用来帮助顾客进入商店的，它可以帮助顾客找到物品，并帮助引导他们到达产品在商店中的位置。代表前句内容，且做后面句子主语，故填which。
【9题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：机器人与人类互动越多，它的学习能力就越强。根据The more interaction the robot has with humans,可知用the more。句式The+比较级…, the+比较级…“越……越……”。故填the more。
【10题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：但和其他社交机器人一样，Oshbot并不是为了取代工人，而是为了和其他员工一起工作。短语be not intended to“不打算……”，主语为Oshbot，时态为一般现在时。故填is not intended。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Corporate scandals (丑闻), like political scandals, start with shocking revelation and then move inevitably into who-knew-what stage. This is where executives can start reestablishing their ____21____ —or deepen the damage.
Since they were forced to ____22____ one of the biggest frauds (欺诈行为) in auto industry history last month, the executives at Volkswagen have offered ____23____ and promised to fix the cheating devices wired into eleven millions of their diesel cars (柴油车). But they haven’t explained who ordered, ____24____ and designed the software that enabled the cars to cheat on emissions tests while emitting ____25____ on the road. Nor has Volkswagen said how and when it plans to fix the cars, which many customers bought in the belief that they were fuel ____26____ and clean.
On October 8, German prosecutors broke into the corporate offices as part of their investigation. Meanwhile, Matthias Muller, the ____27____ appointed chief executive, continued to insist that the former executive, Martin Winterkorn, who resigned shortly after the scandal, knew ____28____. “Do you really think that a chief executive had time for the inner functioning of engine software?” he said in a recent interview, as if the problem was some
____29____ shortcoming and not an elaborate effort to ____30____ regulators and customers around the world.
If Mr. Winterkorn was not responsible, who was? Nobody believes that the handful of senior managers could have ____31____ this scheme without any support. Hans-Dieter Potsch, a supervisory board chairman, issued a statement earlier this month, saying it would take time before Volkswagen could make ____32____ the findings of its internal investigations. “We must overcome the crisis,” he explained, “but we must also ensure that Volkswagen continues to grow.” That seems to miss the point that Volkswagen will neither overcome the crisis nor grow unless it can instantly produce some ___33___ answers and explanations.
Even if they manage to fix millions of cars, Volkswagen executives will still face an enormous ____34____ from lawsuits, lost sales and the ____35____ to Volkswagen’s reputation. There is no device to block the angry and urgent questions that they face. Apologizing is just the easy part.
21. A. reputation B. revenge C. responsibility D. revolution
22. A. commit B. recognize C. admit D. revise
23. A. gratitude B. apologies C. guidance D. authorities
24. A. approved B. chose C. withdrew D. undertook
25. A. light B. ashes C. smell D. pollutants
26. A. effective B. efficient C. extinct D. essential
27. A. officially B. voluntarily C. temporarily D. newly
28 A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
29. A. minor B. major C. inferior D. superior
30. A. conceal B. confuse C. attract D. deceive
31. A. held on B. got rid of C. carried out D. made up
32. A. clear B. public C. possible D. convenient
33. A. convincing B. likely C. factual D. solid
34. A. conflict B. opportunities C. competitions D. challenges
35. A. response B. blow C. solution D. key
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。大众汽车自上月被迫承认汽车行业历史上最大的欺诈行为之一以来，大众汽车高管已表示道歉，并承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备。文章就这一事件展开，说明了大众汽车高管对此事的态度和可能对大众造成的影响。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这里，高管们可以开始重建自己的声誉——或者加深损害。A. reputation名誉；B. revenge复仇；C. responsibility责任；D. revolution革命。呼应最后一段中“to Volkswagen’s reputation”指大众的欺骗行为使自己的声誉受损。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自上月被迫承认汽车行业历史上最大的欺诈行为之一以来，大众汽车高管已表示道歉，并承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备。A. commit犯罪；B. recognize识别；C. admit承认；D. revise修订。结合后文“and promised to fix the cheating devices wired into eleven millions of their diesel cars”大众汽车高管承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备，可推测他们已经被迫承认犯下了欺诈行为。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自上月被迫承认汽车行业历史上最大的欺诈行为之一以来，大众汽车高管已表示道歉，并承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备。A. gratitude感激；B. apologies道歉；C. guidance指导；D. authorities权威。上文提到大众汽车被迫承认了自己的欺诈行为，后文则说他们承诺修复安装在1100万辆柴油车上的作弊设备，可推测他们为自己的行为表示了道歉。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们没有解释是谁下令、批准和设计了这种软件，使汽车能够在道路上排放污染物时在排放测试中作弊。A. approved批准；B. chose选择；C. withdrew收回；D. undertook承担。根据前后文“they haven’t explained who ordered, … and designed the software”可知，软件先是由谁下令、批准和设计的，approve符合语境。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他们没有解释是谁下令、批准和设计了这种软件，使汽车能够在道路上排放污染物时在排放测试中作弊。A. light光；B. ashes灰烬；C. smell气味；D. pollutants污染物。结合上文“the cars to cheat on emissions tests while emitting”可知，此处指汽车在排放污染物时，还能通过排放测试。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大众也没有说它计划如何、何时修理这些汽车，许多消费者购买这些汽车是因为他们相信它们省油、清洁。A. effective有效的；B. efficient有效率的；C. extinct灭绝的；D. essential基本的。根据前后文“many customers bought in the belief that they were fuel … and clean”可知，许多顾客买这些汽车是因为汽车省油和清洁，fuel efficient“省油”。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，新任首席执行官Matthias Muller继续坚称，在丑闻发生后不久辞职的前首席执行官Martin Winterkorn对此事一无所知。A. officially官方地；B. voluntarily自愿地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. newly新地，最近。根据后文“the former executive, Martin Winterkorn, who resigned shortly after the scandal”可知前首席执行官Martin Winterkorn在丑闻发生后不久辞职，说明Matthias Muller是新上任的首席执行官。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查不定代词辨析。句意：与此同时，新任首席执行官Matthias Muller继续坚称，在丑闻发生后不久辞职的前首席执行官Martin Winterkorn对此事一无所知。A. anything任何事；B. something某事；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything一切。结合后文他的回答“Do you really think that a chief executive had time for the inner functioning of engine software?”可知，他通过反问来表达一位首席执行官根本没有时间研究引擎软件的内部功能，说明他坚称前首席执行官Martin Winterkorn对此事一无所知。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你真的认为一位首席执行官有时间研究引擎软件的内部功能吗？”他在最近的一次采访中表示，似乎这个问题只是一个小缺陷，而不是为了欺骗全球各地的监管机构和客户而精心策划的。A. minor次要的；B. major主要的；C. inferior差的；D. superior上级的。结合前后文语境“as if the problem was some … shortcoming”可知，Winterkorn说首席执行官根本没时间去研究汽车的内部功能，说明他觉得这只是个小缺陷，并不是什么精心策划的骗局。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你真的认为一位首席执行官有时间研究引擎软件的内部功能吗？”他在最近的一次采访中表示，似乎这个问题只是一个小缺陷，而不是为了欺骗全球各地的监管机构和客户而精心策划的。A. conceal隐藏；B. confuse使混乱；C. attract吸引；D. deceive欺骗。呼应第二段中“one of the biggest frauds in auto industry history last month”，指这一作弊行为不是为了欺骗全球各地的监管机构和客户而精心策划的。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有人相信，在没有任何支持的情况下，少数几位高级经理能够实施这一计划。A. held on继续；B. got rid of摆脱；C. carried out实施；D. made up编造。根据后文宾语“this scheme”指实施计划，应用carry out。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：本月早些时候，大众监事会主席Hans-Dieter Potsch发表声明称，大众公布内部调查结果还需要一段时间。A. clear清楚的；B. public公众的；C. possible可能的；D. convenient方便的。结合前后文语境“make …the findings of its internal investigations”可知为短语make public表示“公开，公布”调查结果。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎忽略了一点：除非大众能立即拿出一些令人信服的答案和解释，否则它既不会克服危机，也不会增长。A. convincing令人信服的；B. likely可能的；C. factual事实的；D. solid固体的。上文“Nobody believes that the handful of senior managers could”提到人们不相信这起欺诈行为是一些经理实施的，说明人们需要大众能拿出一些令人信服的答案和解释。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使大众汽车的高管们设法修复了数百万辆汽车，他们仍将面临诉讼、销售损失和声誉受损等巨大挑战。A. conflict冲突；B. opportunities机会；C. competitions比赛；D. challenges挑战。根据后文“from lawsuits, lost sales and”列举了大众将面临诉讼、销售损失和声誉受损等巨大挑战。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使大众汽车的高管们设法修复了数百万辆汽车，他们仍将面临诉讼、销售损失和声誉受损等巨大挑战。A. response回应；B. blow挫折，吹；C. solution解决方案；D. key关键。根据后文“to Volkswagen’s reputation”可知，大众的欺诈行为使其名誉受到了打击和损害，blow to表示“打击”。故选B。
Section B
(A)
To take the apple as forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督徒) have ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that thought to have come from Hell. What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit — or is it a vegetable?” As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.
But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “What are you afraid of?” he shouted. “I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story set up a tomato-canning factory.
36. The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because __________.
A. it made Christians evil
B. it was the apple of Eden
C. it came from a forbidden land
D. it was religiously unacceptable
37. What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?
A. To make himself a hero.
B. To remove people’s fear of the tomato.
C. To speed up the popularity of the tomato.
D. To persuade people to buy products from his factory.
38. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To challenge people’s fixed concepts of the tomato.
B. To give an explanation to people’s dislike of the tomato.
C. To present the change of people’s attitudes to the tomato.
D. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是西红柿在刚开始进入西方社会的时候，被人们认为是禁果，不能食用。这样的情况持续了很久，后来在一些勇敢者尝试了以后，被人们所接受，人们对西红柿的态度发生了转变。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.(对他们来说，伊甸园里的禁果是邪恶的。因此，当哥伦布从被错误地认为是伊甸园的南美洲带回西红柿时，每个人都得出了显而易见的结论。西红柿被错误地视为伊甸园中的苹果，因此欧洲人把它拒之门外)”可知，在基督教里西红柿被当成了禁果，主要是因为宗教方面的原因，故选D项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后三行““What are you afraid of?” he shouted. “I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story set up a tomato-canning factory.(“你在害怕什么？”他喊道。“我要让你们这些傻瓜知道这些东西很好吃！”然后他咬了一口西红柿。有些人晕倒。但他活了下来，根据当地的一个故事，建立了一个番茄罐头工厂)”可知，罗伯特·约翰逊当众吃西红柿是为了告诉人们西红柿可以吃，是为了去除人们的偏见。故选B项。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段人们对西红柿的态度“Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.(西红柿被错误地视为伊甸园中的苹果，因此欧洲人把它拒之门外)”到最后一段“But in the end tomatoes carried the day.(但最后西红柿还是占上风)”以及文章大意可知，本文主要讲述的是人们对西红柿的态度的转变。故选C项。
(B)
What’s better than a video game that your kids can play over and over again? A membership to one of the many exciting places in Seattle that your kids visit over and over again (for a year at least). Click to join us and read on for our top picks.
Woodland Park Zoo
The Park Zoo was the most highly sought after membership by families in the Seattle area, and for good reason: there’s something for everyone! In addition to the hundreds of animals found throughout the 92 acres, there are plenty of outdoor spaces to run around (including playgrounds).
Tel: 206-5428-2500
Online: zoo.org
Annual Membership: $69/Flexible Guest Adult; $49/Named Adult; $19/Child; Under 2 Free
Point Defiance Zoo
Point Defiance Zoo is the only combined zoo and aquarium in the Pacific Northwest spread out over 29 acres. Your kids will enjoy getting up close and personal to the live sharks, riding a camel and exploring the interactive Kids’ Zone.
Tel: 253-591-5337
Online: pdza.org
Annual Membership: $124/Household; $105/Two adults; $24/Child
Seattle Aquarium
The Aquarium is particularly great for any budding environmentalists in your family who want to learn more about conservation efforts that affect the waters in the Pacific Northwest.
Tel: 206-386-4300
Online: seattleaquarium.org
Annual Membership: $189/Family Plus (2 adults, 5 children, 1 guest); $149/Family (2 adults, 5 children)
Museum of Flight
The Museum is the perfect indoor place to free your kids to dream big about the wide world. With all sorts of planes that you can see, touch and climb inside, this museum fulfills your flight dream.
Tel: 206-764-5700
Online: museumofflight.org
Annual Membership: $100/Family; $75/Two Adults
1. What do these places have in common?
A. They are all in Seattle. B. Kids can see animals there.
C. They all have outdoor activities. D. Members can get free admission.
2. Which place is favored by aircraft lovers?
A. Woodland Park Zoo. B. Point Defiance Zoo.
C. Seattle Aquarium. D. Museum of Flight.
3. How much does it cost for a family to visit Point Defiance Zoo?
A. $117. B. $124. C. $129. D. $148.
【解析】 这是一篇广告文，文章主要提供了一些适合西雅图地区家庭出行游玩场所。
1.A 【解析】【解析】推理判断题。根据第一部分“A membership to one of the many exciting places in Seattle that your kids visit over and over again (for a year at least).”可推断这些地方都来自Seattle，因此答案是A。
2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五部分“With all sorts of planes that you can see, touch and climb inside, this museum fulfills your flight dream.”可知答案为D。
3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三部分“$124/Household”可知一家人的费用就是124美元。
(C)
In recent years, 3D printers have mostly been used to create small, specialized items. This includes parts for automobiles, airplanes and medical devices. Many consumer products can also be 3D printed as well, from clothes to foods. Now, an increasing number of startup(新创办的)companies are using 3D printing to build entire homes. Since the technology is still developing, not many have yet been built. However, the top companies plan to greatly increase production in the coming years.
The startup company Icon, based in Austin, Texas, made news in 2018 by completing the first permitted 3D printed home in the U. S. At the time, it said the home had been built in just a day. Since then, the company says it has been developing new technologies in robotics, software and manufacturing materials. It designed its own 3D printer and said the robot-powered machine could create structures up to 185 square meters. The printing process uses a cement-based mixture that Icon says is stronger and saves more money than traditional building materials.
To date, Icon has completed 24 3D printed homes in the U. S. and Mexico. Among them was a community of 3D printed homes in a poor neighborhood in Mexico. The company has also completed a series of structures for homeless people in Austin. And it says it plans to open America's first housing development of 3D printed homes this summer.
A New York company, SQ4D, also uses 3D printing technology to build homes. In February, the company showed off a 130-square-meter model home to demonstrate (证明) its printer'sabilities. SQ4D plans to sell its homes starting at $299,000. The company has even started listing the homes on the Internet selling site Zillow. Kirk Andersen is SQ4D's director of operations. He told Reuters the 3D printer will permit buyers to easily create their own home design, room by room.
While 3 D printing as a home building method is just getting started, Andersen said others in the construction industry need to get prepared for big changes. “This is the beginning. This is just scratching the surface,” he said.
12. What can we learn about 3D printing technology from Paragraph 1?
A. It needs to be perfected. B. It enjoys the highest status.
C. It is being used for building homes. D. It helps produce some large and unique items.
13. What feature do 3D printed homes have when compared with traditional building methods?
A. They're more comfortable. B. They're more environment-friendly.
C. They're more complex. D. They're less expensive.
14. What is Andersen's attitude to the future of 3D printing as a home building way?
A. Concerned. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
15. What is the main idea of the text?
A. The development of smart homes. B. The importance of 3D printers.
C. 3D printing in building homes. D. Construction industry's future.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了3D打印机的用途，特别是在建设房屋方面的用途。
12. 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，3D打印技术正用于房屋建设中,由此可知答案选C。
13. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段The printing process uses a cement-based mixture that Icon says is stronger and saves more money than traditional building materials. 可知，与传统的建筑方法相比，3D打印的房屋能够省钱。
14. 【答案】B
【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段Andersen said others in the construction industry need to get prepared for big changes. 并结合Andersen 所说的话可知，该项技术有很广阔的前景，因此他很支持这项技术。
15. 【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了3D打印机在房屋建设方面的作用，因此选项C符合。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It doesn’t seem that US singer Bob Dylan has much in common with literary mavens like Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Elliot. ___54___.This year’s prize makes Dylan the first American since Toni Morrison in 1993 to win the title. At the same time, the surprise announcement has also ignited a firestorm of discussion around the globe.
Influential US writer Jodi Picoult joked that she might now deserve a Grammy. And well-known British-Indian novelist Hari Kunzru lamented on social media by saying: “This feels like the lamest Nobel win since they gave it to Obama for not being Bush.”
Dylan’s new status — a musician awarded the Nobel Prize for literature–to a degree defies convention. However, this is by no means his first prize for his writing talents. Back in 2008, the Pulitzer Prize jury awarded Dylan a special citation “for his profound impact on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power”. ___55___.
___56___. Protest songs like Blowin in the Wind (1962) were the anthems of anti-war and civil rights movements in 1960s US. Densely poetic and image-rich songs such as Mr. Tambourine Man (1965) pushed the folk-rock movement. And even today, many of Dylan’s songs are still relevant and streamed regularly by people all over the world.
In a speech during the MusiCares pre-Grammy honors in 2015, Dylan revealed how he uses lyrics to document American culture and create an American songbook of his own. “I learned lyrics and how to write them from listening to folk songs,” said Dylan. “And I played them, and I met other people that played them, back when nobody was doing it.”
___57___. “From Orpheus to Faiz, song & poetry have been closely linked,” Salman Rushdie, the Indian-born novelist also thought to have been a candidate for the prize, told The New York Times. “Dylan is the brilliant inheritor of the bardic tradition,” Rushdie added. “Great choice.”
A. There is nothing more honorable to win praise from one’s competitors.
B. In this sense, it could be argued that what the Nobel Committee is doing is simply reinforcing Dylan’s unshakable standing in the world of literature.
C. Dylan’s competitors questioned his winning the Nobel Prize for literature.
D. But, last week, these three figures became forever bonded by the Nobel Prize for literature.
E. Therefore, the Nobel committee just holds a different opinion from that of Pulitzer Prize jury.
F. The words behind Dylan’s songs address social issues and have been transmitted from generation to generation.
【答案】54. D 55. B 56. F 57. A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。讲述了美国民谣歌手鲍勃•迪伦在上周获得诺贝尔文学奖，这使得迪伦成为自1993年托尼·莫里森以来第一个获得该奖项的美国人。与此同时，这一出人意料的声明也在全球范围内引发了激烈的讨论。
【54题详解】
根据上一句It doesn’t seem that US singer Bob Dylan has much in common with literary mavens like Ernest Hemingway and T.S. Elliot.美国歌手鲍勃•迪伦似乎与欧内斯特•海明威和T.S.艾略特等文学大师并无多少共同之处。可知，此处描述内容是与他们三个人有关，选项D“但是，上周，这三个人被诺贝尔文学奖永远地联系在了一起。”符合题意。故选D项。
【55题详解】
根据上一句Back in 2008, the Pulitzer Prize jury awarded Dylan a special citation “for his profound impact on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power”.早在2008年，普利策奖评委会就给迪伦颁发了一个特别奖，“以他对流行音乐和美国文化的深远影响为标志，其歌词创作具有非凡的诗意力量”可知，此处描述内容应该与上文其他奖项给他的荣誉有关，选项B“从这个意义上说，可以说诺贝尔委员会所做的只是强化了迪伦在文学世界中不可动摇的地位。”符合题意。故选B项。
【56题详解】
根据下文Protest songs like Blowin in the Wind (1962) were the anthems of anti-war and civil rights movements in 1960s US. Densely poetic and image-rich songs such as Mr. Tambourine Man (1965) pushed the folk-rock movement. 《飘在风中》(1962)等抗议歌曲是20世纪60年代美国反战和民权运动的颂歌。充满诗意和意象丰富的歌曲，如《铃鼓人》(1965)推动了民谣摇滚运动。可知，此处位于句首，是本段主题句，描述内容应该是迪伦的歌曲对当时社会的反映，选项F“迪伦歌曲背后的歌词表达了社会问题，并代代相传。”符合题意。故选F项。
【57题详解】
根据下一句“From Orpheus to Faiz, song & poetry have been closely linked,” Salman Rushdie, the Indian-born novelist also thought to have been a candidate for the prize, told The New York Times.“从俄耳甫斯到法伊兹，歌曲和诗歌一直紧密相连，”印度出生的小说家萨尔曼·拉什迪告诉《纽约时报》，他也被认为是诺贝尔文学奖的候选人之一。可知，此处位于句首，是本段主题句，描述内容应该与迪伦的竞争对手有关，选项A“没有什么比赢得竞争对手的赞扬更光荣的事了。”符合题意。故选A项。
第II卷
Writing
Section A
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 今晚有场音乐会以表彰将要退休的教师。（honor）
2. 地震对居民造成的损害很小，这使当地政府十分宽慰。(relief)
3. 我相信，在双方的共同努力和密切合作下，我们会找到有关问题的妥善解决方法。(convince)
4. 直到最近几年病人才能很便捷地下载他们的医疗记录以获取如检测结果之类的信息。(access)
1.【答案】There will be a concert tonight in honor of the teacher(s) who will retire.
【解析】考查时态，名词和句型。分析句子可知，主句用there be句型，由时间状语tonight可知，用一般将来时，真正的主语是音乐会，用单数，表示“为了表彰”用短语in honor of；修饰名词teacher“教师”用定语从句，从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who，表示“将要退休的”用将来时，retire“退休”，故从句为who will retire。故译为There will be a concert tonight in honor of the teacher(s) who will retire.
2.【答案】Much to the local government’s relief, the earthquake caused little damage to the residents.
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。分析所给汉语意思可知，本句中“使……感到宽慰的是”可以使用“to one’s + relief”的结构，它在句子中作状语，“当地政府”为“ the local government”，则“这使当地政府十分宽慰”可以翻译为“much to the local government’s relief”； “对……造成损害”可翻译为“cause damage to”，“地震对居民造成的损害很小”是发生在过去的事情，句子应该使用一般过去时，则其可以翻译为“The earthquake caused little damage to the residents.”，故本句可译为：Much to the local government’s relief, the earthquake caused little damage to the residents.
3.答案】I am convinced that with joint efforts and close cooperation of both sides, we can / will find a proper solution to the related/relevant issue/problem.
【解析】考查时态和宾语从句。句子是叙述现在的情况，应该用一般现在时；“相信”是短语be convinced …；后接that引导的宾语从句；“在双方的共同努力和密切合作下”是短语with joint efforts and close cooperation of both sides；“找到……的解决方法”是短语find a solution to…，“有关的问题”是短语the related/relevant issue/problem。故翻译为I am convinced that with joint efforts and close cooperation of both sides, we can / will find a proper solution to the related/relevant issue/problem。
4.【答案】Patients can’t conveniently download their medical records to access / have access to information such as / like the test results until recent years.
【解析】考查时态和时间状语从句。句子是叙述现在的情况，应该用一般现在时；“直到……才”是not…until引导的时间状语从句；“便捷地”是副词conveniently；“下载医疗记录”是动词短语download medical records，“获取”可用动词access，也可用动词短语have access to；“以获取……”是目的状语，应用不定式作目的状语，表达为“to access / have access to…”；“如……之类”是短语such as 或like，“最近几年”是短语 recent years；“检测结果”the test results。故翻译为Patients can’t conveniently download their medical records to access / have access to information such as / like the test results until recent years。
Section B
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是育新中学学生王明，你校正在开展“绿色校园”主题活动，通过校英语报向全校学生政绩有助于节能的建议。你决定向校报投稿，内容包括：
1. 你认为校园里还可以采取哪些措施来达到节能的目的（1至2个措施）；
2. 这些措施如何实施，可以带来怎样的好处。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to offer some suggestions on the theme campaign of “Green Campus”. The following is what I have worked out for saving energy, the purpose of which is to make our school a better place to study and live in.
As a top priority, it’s necessary for us to take effective measures to save every drop of water and avoid waste. For example, we can call on students to switch off taps and lights after using them to save water and electricity. Secondly, I really suggest building a botanical garden on school campus, using recycled water and rain for irrigation. Through a close contact with nature, not only can we enjoy a more beautiful and lively campus, but we will also be more deeply aware of the importance of energy-saving and protection of the environment.
I would appreciate it very much if you could take my advice into account and I would be proud if my advice can be of help to save energy and build a greener campus.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Ming
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