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高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第三册Grammar and usage授课ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第三册Grammar and usage授课ppt课件，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了Lead in，I was，call for，Have you，That ，Discussion，repeating，informal，Grammar，简单句中的省略等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Have yu ever watched any TV prgrammes abut envirnmental prtectin? What was it abut? And what d yu think f it?
Air pllutin?
Glbal warming?
Extinctin f rare animals?
What is it abut? And what d yu think f it?
Explring the rules
Jack and Henry are talking abut a dcumentary n envirnmental prtectin. Pay attentin t the underlined sentences and write dwn the wrds that have been left ut in the brackets belw.
Hw did Jack feel when he watched the dcumentary?What d the leading experts suggest ding t slve the envirnmental prblems?
Jack: Hi, Henry! Did yu watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday.Henry: (1) N, I didn’t.
1. N, I didn’t (watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday).
An actin has been abbreviated.
Jack: Hi, Henry! Did yu watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday.Henry: (1) N, I didn’t.Jack: What a pity! I highly recmmend it. (2)Yu can watch it nline if yu want t.
2. Yu can watch it nline if yu want t (___________________ _________________________).
Tips: fcus n cntext
watch the dcumentary
abut envirnmental prtectin
Jack: …It’s abut sme f the wrst envirnmental prblems we’re facing tday. Glbal warming, fr example, is a majr prblem caused by greenhuse gases. It may lead t extreme weather events: drughts, heatwaves and s n. (3) I felt wrried when watching the dcumentary.
3. I felt wrried when(_________) watching the dcumentary
a subject and a verb have been abbreviated.
Tips: the same subject
Jack: Yes. It includes interviews with mre than 20 f the wrlds leading experts n envirnmental issues. All f them cme up with creative ideas n hw t slve these prblems. (4) Sme call fr the applicatin f mdern technlgy, and thers a change f lifestyle.
4. Sme call fr the applicatin f mdern technlgy, and thers (________) a change f lifestyle.
Tips: the same actin
Henry: I wish we culd als d smething t help. (5)Gt any ideas?
5. (________________) gt any ideas?
A subject and auxiliary verb have been abbreviated.
Tips: the bject f the cnversatin
Jack: What abut making a brchure abut envirnmental prblems?Henry: (6)Sunds great! Let's get started after lunch.
6. (_________) sunds great!
A subject has been abbreviated.
What’s the difference between a full sentence and an ellipsis sentence?
Q: Did yu watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday.A1: N, I didn’t.A2: N, I didn’t watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday.
t lng, wrdy, time-cnsuming…
We smetimes use ellipsis t avid (1) ___________ (stressing/ repeating) ne r mre wrds when the meaning is clear.We can use ellipsis:in infinitives after sme cnjunctins like if, when and whilein clauses with the same pattern and the same verbat the beginning f a sentence in (2) _________ (infrmal/frmal) speechin shrt respnses
1. 省略主语：主要是祈使句中的yu。 (Yu) Cme in, please!2. 省略主语和谓语：主谓都很明确，为了简化或显得 亲切，可将主谓（或谓语一部分）同时省略。 (Yu cme) This way, please! (Are yu) OK?3. 省略宾语：当前后两个句子宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。— D yu knw Miss Ga? — I dn’t knw (her).
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。1. 省略共同的主或宾。 Tm picked up a bk n the flr and (Tm) handed it t his teacher.2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相 同，则省略后面相同的部分。 Jack must have been playing ftball and Mary (must have been) ding her hmewrk.
3. 若主谓相同，省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动 词及后续部分。 He has a knwledge f first aid but his friend desn’t (have a knwledge f first aid).
1. 状语从句的省略(1) 在when, while, if, as if, thugh, althugh, as, until, nce, whether, unless, whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略。Yu’d better lk ut when (yu are) crssing the street.Whenever (it is) pssible, they wuld stp him and ask him the three questins.(2) 当比较状语从句的谓语与主句相同时，从句中的谓语常被省略。 He runs as fast as Bb (runs). They dn’t use mre water than (it is) necessary.
三、主动复合句中的省略
2. 定语从句的省略(1) 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whm, wh, which, that可省略。 The exact year (which/ that) Angela and her family spent tgether in China was 2008.He is the man (wh/ whm/ that) yu can depend n.(2) 修饰way的关系词that/ in which可以省略。 The way (in which/ that) he speaks t us is really annying.
3. 宾语从句的省略(1) 由that引导的宾语从句，that一般可以省略；但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.(2) when, where, hw和why引导的宾从有时可以仅保留引导词。I knw that a mvie star will cme t ur city but I dn’t knw when (he will cme t ur city).
1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语，且在上文中已经出现时，可省略t后面的成分，这些动词常见的有：ask, tell, advise, frce, persuade, wish, allw, permit, frbid, expect, rder, warn等。如：The by wanted t ride his bicycle in the street, but his mther tld him nt t (ride it).2. 在感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式省略t。I saw the car (t) drive up utside the plice statin.3. 在使役动词make, let, have等后作宾语补足语的不定式省略t。
4. 在rather than等表示“与其……不如”短语后的不定式省略t。5. 介词but / except前边有实义动词d的某种形式时，其后的不定式省略t。He can d nthing but / except lie dwn and sleep.6. 在can nt but d sth., can’t chse but d sth., can nt help but d sth.句式中，but后跟的不定式（短语）省略t。
7. 习惯上的省略由固定短语引导的疑问句。What abut having a game f chess?What if it’s raining? 习惯性的交际用语。Nt at all. N matter. Thanks.
What rule des each sentence use?
N, I didn’t (watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday).Yu can watch it nline if yu want t (watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin).I felt wrried when (I was) watching the dcumentary.Sme call fr the applicatin f mdern technlgy, and thers (call fr) a change f lifestyle.(Have yu) gt any ideas?(It/ That) sunds great!
In shrt respnses
In infinitives
After sme cnjunctins like if, when and while
In clauses with the same pattern and the same verb
At the beginning f a sentence in infrmal speech
What is ellipsis?When can we use ellipsis?What’s the functin f ellipsis?
The act f leaving ut a wrd r wrds frm a sentence deliberately.
When the meaning can still be understd withut using a wrd r certain wrds.
An efficient way t make sentences cncise.
Applying the rules
Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.
I cannt watch the dcumentary this weekend thugh I wuld like.Cws live n land and fish the water.
I cannt watch the dcumentary this weekend thugh I wuld like t.
I wuld like.
Cws live n land and fish in the water.
The Amazn rainfrest is smaller nw than was 50 years ag.He had planned t brrw a bk n envirnmental prtectin, but he didn't d.When taking phts f wildlife, every effrt shuld be made t ensure that we keep away frm the animals.
was 50 years ag.
every effrt shuld be made
When taking phts f wildlife, When taking phts f wildlife, we shuld make every effrt t ensure that we keep away frm the animals.
Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience f taking part in a frest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets arund the wrd(s)that can be left ut.
Last weekend, I tk part in a frest clean-up activity. It was rganized by Green Hpe, an rganizatin devted t prtecting frests. At first I didn’t want t take part in the frest clean-up activity , but then I thught, “What if nbdy ges?” Our team leader, Je, tk us t a frest utside the city. I was sad t see litter everywhere. There was a “N littering is allwed here” sign at the entrance t the frest, but that didn’t stp peple frm thrwing their rubbish n the grund.
Je divided us int tw grups: ne grup cleaned up the nrth side f the frest, and the ther grup cleaned up the suth side f the frest. We wrked fr several hurs and we were happy t see that the frest lked cleaner than it had lked befre. It was abslutely wrth ur effrt! There’ll be anther clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. Yu can find Je and sign up if yu’re willing t help. Everyne wh takes part in the activity will receive a medal. I’ll jin yu t if I have time.
Rle playing
Let’s cntinue Jack and Henry’s cnversatin n designing a brchure abut prtecting the envirnment by using ellipsis where pssible.
In pairs, describe the pictures belw using ellipsis t call fr the prtectin f the envirnment. Use the example t help yu. Yu can draw a picture and think f a slgan.
a wrd r phrase that is easy t remember, used fr example in advertising t attract peple's attentin r t suggest an idea quickly
A smiling kid is drawing a green tree: ideal wrld
Blue sky and shining sunshine: gd envirnment
Plluted air, dark sky: serius pllutin
Factries and dead trees: cause and cnsequence f pllutin
When the water is t dirty t drink and the air t plluted t breathe, will yu be able t lk at yur children and say, “what a beautiful wrld!”?
Hw t make a slgan?
“Give a hand t wildlife”
A bicycle, made by leaves, daily transprt, ec-friendly
Upper leaf: green, green energy, trees, clean skyLwer leaf: yellw, factries, plluted air, n creatures
We shuld use public r ec-friendly transprt fr prtecting envirnment
Prtecting envirnment is urgent, new energy new life
Shw us yur calls, and give sme suggestins t imprve the calls.
Review the rules f ellipsis and draw a picture and think f a slgan t call fr the prtectin f the envirnment.
Have yu ever watched any TV prgrammes abut envirnmental prtectin? What was it abut? And what d yu think f it?
Air pllutin?
Glbal warming?
Extinctin f rare animals?
What is it abut? And what d yu think f it?
Explring the rules
Jack and Henry are talking abut a dcumentary n envirnmental prtectin. Pay attentin t the underlined sentences and write dwn the wrds that have been left ut in the brackets belw.
Hw did Jack feel when he watched the dcumentary?What d the leading experts suggest ding t slve the envirnmental prblems?
Jack: Hi, Henry! Did yu watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday.Henry: (1) N, I didn’t.
1. N, I didn’t (watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday).
An actin has been abbreviated.
Jack: Hi, Henry! Did yu watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday.Henry: (1) N, I didn’t.Jack: What a pity! I highly recmmend it. (2)Yu can watch it nline if yu want t.
2. Yu can watch it nline if yu want t (___________________ _________________________).
Tips: fcus n cntext
watch the dcumentary
abut envirnmental prtectin
Jack: …It’s abut sme f the wrst envirnmental prblems we’re facing tday. Glbal warming, fr example, is a majr prblem caused by greenhuse gases. It may lead t extreme weather events: drughts, heatwaves and s n. (3) I felt wrried when watching the dcumentary.
3. I felt wrried when(_________) watching the dcumentary
a subject and a verb have been abbreviated.
Tips: the same subject
Jack: Yes. It includes interviews with mre than 20 f the wrlds leading experts n envirnmental issues. All f them cme up with creative ideas n hw t slve these prblems. (4) Sme call fr the applicatin f mdern technlgy, and thers a change f lifestyle.
4. Sme call fr the applicatin f mdern technlgy, and thers (________) a change f lifestyle.
Tips: the same actin
Henry: I wish we culd als d smething t help. (5)Gt any ideas?
5. (________________) gt any ideas?
A subject and auxiliary verb have been abbreviated.
Tips: the bject f the cnversatin
Jack: What abut making a brchure abut envirnmental prblems?Henry: (6)Sunds great! Let's get started after lunch.
6. (_________) sunds great!
A subject has been abbreviated.
What’s the difference between a full sentence and an ellipsis sentence?
Q: Did yu watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday.A1: N, I didn’t.A2: N, I didn’t watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday.
t lng, wrdy, time-cnsuming…
We smetimes use ellipsis t avid (1) ___________ (stressing/ repeating) ne r mre wrds when the meaning is clear.We can use ellipsis:in infinitives after sme cnjunctins like if, when and whilein clauses with the same pattern and the same verbat the beginning f a sentence in (2) _________ (infrmal/frmal) speechin shrt respnses
1. 省略主语：主要是祈使句中的yu。 (Yu) Cme in, please!2. 省略主语和谓语：主谓都很明确，为了简化或显得 亲切，可将主谓（或谓语一部分）同时省略。 (Yu cme) This way, please! (Are yu) OK?3. 省略宾语：当前后两个句子宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。— D yu knw Miss Ga? — I dn’t knw (her).
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。1. 省略共同的主或宾。 Tm picked up a bk n the flr and (Tm) handed it t his teacher.2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相 同，则省略后面相同的部分。 Jack must have been playing ftball and Mary (must have been) ding her hmewrk.
3. 若主谓相同，省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动 词及后续部分。 He has a knwledge f first aid but his friend desn’t (have a knwledge f first aid).
1. 状语从句的省略(1) 在when, while, if, as if, thugh, althugh, as, until, nce, whether, unless, whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略。Yu’d better lk ut when (yu are) crssing the street.Whenever (it is) pssible, they wuld stp him and ask him the three questins.(2) 当比较状语从句的谓语与主句相同时，从句中的谓语常被省略。 He runs as fast as Bb (runs). They dn’t use mre water than (it is) necessary.
三、主动复合句中的省略
2. 定语从句的省略(1) 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whm, wh, which, that可省略。 The exact year (which/ that) Angela and her family spent tgether in China was 2008.He is the man (wh/ whm/ that) yu can depend n.(2) 修饰way的关系词that/ in which可以省略。 The way (in which/ that) he speaks t us is really annying.
3. 宾语从句的省略(1) 由that引导的宾语从句，that一般可以省略；但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.(2) when, where, hw和why引导的宾从有时可以仅保留引导词。I knw that a mvie star will cme t ur city but I dn’t knw when (he will cme t ur city).
1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语，且在上文中已经出现时，可省略t后面的成分，这些动词常见的有：ask, tell, advise, frce, persuade, wish, allw, permit, frbid, expect, rder, warn等。如：The by wanted t ride his bicycle in the street, but his mther tld him nt t (ride it).2. 在感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式省略t。I saw the car (t) drive up utside the plice statin.3. 在使役动词make, let, have等后作宾语补足语的不定式省略t。
4. 在rather than等表示“与其……不如”短语后的不定式省略t。5. 介词but / except前边有实义动词d的某种形式时，其后的不定式省略t。He can d nthing but / except lie dwn and sleep.6. 在can nt but d sth., can’t chse but d sth., can nt help but d sth.句式中，but后跟的不定式（短语）省略t。
7. 习惯上的省略由固定短语引导的疑问句。What abut having a game f chess?What if it’s raining? 习惯性的交际用语。Nt at all. N matter. Thanks.
What rule des each sentence use?
N, I didn’t (watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin n TV yesterday).Yu can watch it nline if yu want t (watch the dcumentary abut envirnmental prtectin).I felt wrried when (I was) watching the dcumentary.Sme call fr the applicatin f mdern technlgy, and thers (call fr) a change f lifestyle.(Have yu) gt any ideas?(It/ That) sunds great!
In shrt respnses
In infinitives
After sme cnjunctins like if, when and while
In clauses with the same pattern and the same verb
At the beginning f a sentence in infrmal speech
What is ellipsis?When can we use ellipsis?What’s the functin f ellipsis?
The act f leaving ut a wrd r wrds frm a sentence deliberately.
When the meaning can still be understd withut using a wrd r certain wrds.
An efficient way t make sentences cncise.
Applying the rules
Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.
I cannt watch the dcumentary this weekend thugh I wuld like.Cws live n land and fish the water.
I cannt watch the dcumentary this weekend thugh I wuld like t.
I wuld like.
Cws live n land and fish in the water.
The Amazn rainfrest is smaller nw than was 50 years ag.He had planned t brrw a bk n envirnmental prtectin, but he didn't d.When taking phts f wildlife, every effrt shuld be made t ensure that we keep away frm the animals.
was 50 years ag.
every effrt shuld be made
When taking phts f wildlife, When taking phts f wildlife, we shuld make every effrt t ensure that we keep away frm the animals.
Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience f taking part in a frest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets arund the wrd(s)that can be left ut.
Last weekend, I tk part in a frest clean-up activity. It was rganized by Green Hpe, an rganizatin devted t prtecting frests. At first I didn’t want t take part in the frest clean-up activity , but then I thught, “What if nbdy ges?” Our team leader, Je, tk us t a frest utside the city. I was sad t see litter everywhere. There was a “N littering is allwed here” sign at the entrance t the frest, but that didn’t stp peple frm thrwing their rubbish n the grund.
Je divided us int tw grups: ne grup cleaned up the nrth side f the frest, and the ther grup cleaned up the suth side f the frest. We wrked fr several hurs and we were happy t see that the frest lked cleaner than it had lked befre. It was abslutely wrth ur effrt! There’ll be anther clean-up activity in the green belt next Saturday. Yu can find Je and sign up if yu’re willing t help. Everyne wh takes part in the activity will receive a medal. I’ll jin yu t if I have time.
Rle playing
Let’s cntinue Jack and Henry’s cnversatin n designing a brchure abut prtecting the envirnment by using ellipsis where pssible.
In pairs, describe the pictures belw using ellipsis t call fr the prtectin f the envirnment. Use the example t help yu. Yu can draw a picture and think f a slgan.
a wrd r phrase that is easy t remember, used fr example in advertising t attract peple's attentin r t suggest an idea quickly
A smiling kid is drawing a green tree: ideal wrld
Blue sky and shining sunshine: gd envirnment
Plluted air, dark sky: serius pllutin
Factries and dead trees: cause and cnsequence f pllutin
When the water is t dirty t drink and the air t plluted t breathe, will yu be able t lk at yur children and say, “what a beautiful wrld!”?
Hw t make a slgan?
“Give a hand t wildlife”
A bicycle, made by leaves, daily transprt, ec-friendly
Upper leaf: green, green energy, trees, clean skyLwer leaf: yellw, factries, plluted air, n creatures
We shuld use public r ec-friendly transprt fr prtecting envirnment
Prtecting envirnment is urgent, new energy new life
Shw us yur calls, and give sme suggestins t imprve the calls.
Review the rules f ellipsis and draw a picture and think f a slgan t call fr the prtectin f the envirnment.
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