2021-2022学年湖南省师范大学附属中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年湖南省师范大学附属中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共26页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2021-2022-2师大附中高二下期中考试
英 语
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.
Wu Chienshiung (1912—1997)
Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked.
Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)
Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology.
Katherine Johns (1918—2020)
African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”.
Tu Youyou (1930—)
Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize.
1. Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a(n) ________.
A. composer B. producer C. actress D. mathematician
2. What is Tu Youyou’s greatest contribution to the world?
A. She treated people for cancer. B. She is the first Chinese Nobel winner.
C. Her discovery helped save millions. D. Her research project is one of a kind.
3. What do the four female scientists have in common according to the text?
A. They shared the same interest. B. They each constructed a theory.
C. They were all awarded the Nobel Prize. D. They all made a difference to the world.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4名改变世界的女性科学家。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)中的“Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor.(奥地利出生的拉玛出演了许多好莱坞电影，并取得了巨大的成功。她还非常聪明，是一个自学成才的发明家)”可知，除了是一个发明家，海蒂·拉玛也是一个女演员。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tu Youyou (1930—)中的“Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. (她的工作拯救了全世界数百万人的生命)”可知，屠呦呦对世界最大的贡献是她的发现帮助拯救了数百万人。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world. (下面是四位打破界限、改变世界的人)”可知，这四位女科学家共同之处是她们都对世界产生了影响。故选D。
B
It was near New Year 2014, and David Fajgenbaum, who was battling Castleman disease, was rushed to a CT scan in an Arkansas hospital. Tears streamed down his face. He thought about the first patient who’d died under his care and how her brain had bled in a similar way from a stroke(中风).
But he survived. Also, this experience led David to complete “the undertaking” surprising his doctors. “You learn a lot by almost dying,” they said.
It was in 2010 that David got very sick and was hospitalized for five months. He was learning to become a doctor at the University of Pennsylvania in memory of his mother who died of cancer. The examination showed it was idiopathic multi-centric Castleman disease (MCD). First described in 1954, Castleman presents partly like an autoimmune(自身免疫的) condition and partly like cancer. It doesn’t happen very often — there’re only around 7,000 new cases each year in the United States, so a very limited number of experts are on it.
In his hospital bed, David felt weak. His organs were failing, and he noticed curious red spots on his skin. He asked doctors what the “blood moles” meant. But they, focused on saving his life, weren’t interested in them. Castleman disease struck David four more times over the next three years. Despite it all, he managed to graduate and later founded the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN) devoted to fighting Castleman disease.
In late 2013, Castleman struck again, landing David in that Arkansas hospital. It marked his closest brush with death yet. After this time, David set out to try to save his own life. Examining his medical charts, he zeroed in on an idea that researchers hadn’t explored. With considerable effort, he found a drug called Sirolimus might be beneficial to his discase. After consulting with his doctors, he picked up the drug. So far, it’s working. David is in recovery and devoting his medical career to saving other patients like him. “I hope my story offers lessons far beyond medicine about what people can do when they’re up against a brick wall,” says David.
4. How did David feel when having the CT scan?
A Grateful. B. Awkward. C. Hopeless. D. Unsure.
5. What does “the undertaking” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. David founded the CDCN. B. David recovered from Castleman.
C. David survived the CT scan. D. David found a way to treat his disease.
6. What do we know about Castleman disease?
A. It is a rare disease. B. It killed David’s mother.
C. It is a kind of cancer. D. It interested many experts.
7. Which of the following can best describe David?
A. Selfless and optimistic. B. Determined and observant.
C. Ambitious and confident. D. Warm-hearted and hardworking.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述David Fajgenbaum在濒临死亡的时候通过敏锐的洞察力和坚定的意志发现了救治自己和他人的方法，最终战胜Castleman病的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It was near New Year 2014, and David Fajgenbaum, who was battling Castleman disease, was rushed to a CT scan in an Arkansas hospital. Tears streamed down his face. He thought about the first patient who’d died under his care and how her brain had bled in a similar way from a stroke(中风). ( 2014年新年临近，正在与Castleman病作斗争的大卫·法根鲍姆(David Fajgenbaum)被紧急送往阿肯色州一家医院做CT扫描。眼泪顺着他的脸流下来。他想起了在他的治疗下死去的第一个病人，以及她的大脑是如何因中风而以类似的方式流血的。)”因为想到他的治疗下死去的第一个病人，由此可推断，他当时是非常绝望的，故选C。
5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文““You learn a lot by almost dying,” they said.(“濒死可以学到很多东西，”他们说。)”和最后一段“After this time, David set out to try to save his own life. Examining his medical charts, he zeroed in on an idea that researchers hadn’t explored. With considerable effort, he found a drug called Sirolimus might be beneficial to his case. After consulting with his doctors, he picked up the drug. So far, it’s working. David is in recovery and devoting his medical career to saving other patients like him.( 在这之后，大卫开始试图挽救自己的生命。在检查他的病历时，他把注意力集中在一个研究人员从未探索过的想法上。经过相当大的努力，他发现一种名为西罗莫司的药物可能对他的疾病有益。在咨询了医生之后，他选择了这种药。到目前为止，它是有效的。大卫正在康复中，他的医疗事业致力于拯救其他和他一样的病人。)”由此可知，大卫在濒临死亡的时候发现救治自己的药物，所以说是这次经历让他完成了自救，故猜测“the undertaking”意思是大卫发现了救治自己的方法，故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“First described in 1954, Castleman presents partly like an autoimmune(自身免疫的) condition and partly like cancer. It doesn’t happen very often — there’re only around 7,000 new cases each year in the United States, so a very limited number of experts are on it. (首次描述是在1954年，Castleman的表现部分像自身免疫疾病，部分像癌症。这种情况并不经常发生——在美国每年只有大约7000例新病例，所以专家数量非常有限。)”由此可知这是一种罕见的病，故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In his hospital bed, David felt weak. His organs were failing, and he noticed curious red spots on his skin. He asked doctors what the “blood moles” meant.( 躺在病床上的大卫感到很虚弱。他的器官正在衰竭，他注意到皮肤上有奇怪的红斑。他问医生“红斑”意为这什么。)”和最后一段“After this time, David set out to try to save his own life. Examining his medical charts, he zeroed in on an idea that researchers hadn’t explored. With considerable effort, he found a drug called Sirolimus might be beneficial to his case. After consulting with his doctors, he picked up the drug. So far, it’s working. David is in recovery and devoting his medical career to saving other patients like him.( 在这之后，大卫开始试图挽救自己的生命。在检查他的病历时，他把注意力集中在一个研究人员从未探索过的想法上。经过相当大的努力，他发现一种名为西罗莫司的药物可能对他的疾病有益。在咨询了医生之后，他选择了这种药。到目前为止，它是有效的。大卫正在康复中，他的医疗事业致力于拯救其他和他一样的病人。)” 由此可知大卫是一个善于发现，有洞察力和意志坚定的人，故选B。
C
No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides to living brains, according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).
“We study spiking neural networks (尖峰神经网络), which are systems that learn much as living brains do,” said Yijing Watkins, a computer scientist from LANL. “We trained a neuromorphic (神经形态的) processor in a way how humans and other biological systems learn from their environment during childhood development.” Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations (模拟) became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning. When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep, stability was recovered. “It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night’s rest,” said Watkins.
The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see. The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training, which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to. The researchers expose the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them. They experimented with various types of noise. The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise. These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.
The group’s next goal is to apply their algorithm (算法) to Intel’s Loihi, a product which uses spiking neural networks to work. They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time. If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains, we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.
8. What did Watkins and her research team find?
A. Neural networks are far from stable.
B. Artificial brains may need break as well.
C. Neural networks are very sensitive to noise.
D. Human-like robots need equal rest to humans.
9. What does the underlined word “analogous” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Contrary. B. Beneficial. C. Similar. D. Related.
10. Why will the researchers apply the algorithm to Loihi?
A. To better update Loihi. B. To enable Loihi to run faster.
C. To further confirm their discovery. D. To make sure Loihi get enough sleep.
11. In which section can we probably find this article?
A. Mind & Brain. B. Business & Industry.
C. Medicine & Care. D. Computer & Science.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的一项最新研究表明，机器人运行一段时间后也需要一段时间的休息，这种休息带来的好处与睡眠给人类带来的好处类似。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides to living brains, according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的一项最新研究表明，没有人能说类人机器人是否会做一个甜美的梦，但它们几乎肯定需要休息一段时间，这种休息带来的好处与睡眠给人类带来的好处类似)”以及第二段“Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning.(沃特金斯和她的研究团队发现，在连续的无人值守学习后，网络模拟变得不稳定)”可知，沃特金斯和她的研究团队发现人造大脑可能也需要休息。故选B项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning. When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep, stability was recovered. “It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night’s rest,” said Watkins.(沃特金斯和她的研究团队发现，在连续的无人值守学习后，网络模拟变得不稳定。当他们将网络暴露在analogous人脑在睡眠中经历的状态时，稳定性得到了恢复。沃特金斯说：“这就像我们让神经网络好好休息了一夜。”)”可知，在连续的无人值守学习后，人造大脑的网络变得不稳定，当将网络置于类似于人脑睡眠的状态时，稳定性得以恢复，推测划线单词表示“类似的”，与similar同义。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The group’s next goal is to apply their algorithm to Intel’s Loihi, a product which uses spiking neural networks to work. They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time. If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains, we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.(该团队的下一个目标是将他们的算法应用于英特尔的Loihi，这是一种使用尖峰神经网络工作的产品。他们希望，允许Loihi不时睡觉将使它能够稳定地实时处理来自摄像机的信息。如果它能证实在人造大脑中睡眠的必要性，我们很可能期望类似人类的机器人和未来可能出现的其他智能机器也是如此)”可知，研究人员会将该算法应用于Loihi是为了进一步证实他们的发现，睡眠对于人造大脑而言是必要的。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides to living brains, according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的一项最新研究表明，没有人能说类人机器人是否会做一个甜美的梦，但它们几乎肯定需要休息一段时间，这种休息带来的好处与睡眠给人类带来的好处类似)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的一项最新研究表明，机器人运行一段时间后也需要一段时间的休息，推测文章可能出自计算机与科学部分。故选D项。
D
Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.
Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.
12. Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?
A. To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B. To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C. To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D. To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
13. Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?
A. The fight against climate change will not succeed.
B. Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C. It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D. Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
14. What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate?
A. Favorable B. Tolerant C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A But should we fix the climate?
B. Is climate change a real problem?
C. How can we take care of the earth?
D. What if all the glaciers disappeared?
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是几位科学家对控制气候变化的论述。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Several years ago,Jason Box,a scientist from Ohio,flew 31 giant rolls of white plasticto a glacier (I) in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10, 000 feet of ice,then left.His idea was thatthe white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun,keeping the ice cool below. (几年前,来自俄俄州的科学家贾森·博克斯将31卷巨大的白色塑料空运到了格陵兰鸟的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上,然后离开。他的想法是,白色的塑料会反射太阳光,保持下面的冰凉爽。)”和第二段的“This experiment,quote-unquote,gives people false hope thatclimate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can't.Technology won't give us a free ride. (这个实验给了人们错误的希望,认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知,第一段介绍了一个名叫Jason Box的科学家做了一个试验,尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川,以达到保护冰川的目的。从而引出后文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨,因此作者在第一段提到Jason Box的实验，是为了描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.(他们花了5万美元买了一架“把塑料运到冰川”的直升机。这个实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知，拉尔夫·金最可能同意技术并不是最终的解决方案，更不用说其高昂的成本了。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后 一句“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will (按照我们自己的意愿阻止结冰，听起来有些不对劲。)”可知Grey Childs对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的，故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段的“Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. (几年前，来自俄亥俄州的科学家贾森·博克斯(Jason Box)将31卷巨大的白色塑料飞到了格陵兰岛的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。)”引出控制气候变化的极端例子，之后列举不同的科学家对于控制气候的观点，最后一段“Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge. (我吗?我更喜欢地球自己照顾自己的时候，我想有一天我们将不得不管理这个地方，但此刻，坐在我的办公桌前，看着树木疯狂地弯曲，风咆哮着，我很高兴自己不再是负责人。)”作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，也即反对人类控制气候，因此本文主要讲的是人类是否应该控制气候，因此A选项“But should we fix the climate? (但是我们应该解决气候问题吗？)”可概括本文主要内容，可作为最好的题目，故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country.
Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place. ____16____
The next stage is “the hostility stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. ____17____ Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore.
Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. ____18____ You have learned enough to understand the new culture. The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.
The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good. ____19____ The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you finally understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.
Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages. ____20____ It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e. g., from high school to college).
A. In this stage, you start to feel more depressed.
B. And you try to develop comprehension of everything you don’t understand.
C. In addition, culture shock is not limited to the overseas visitor.
D. You become tired of many things about the new culture.
E. In this stage, you start to feel more positive.
F. You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.
G. And everything seems to be marvelous and everybody seems to be so nice to you.
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. E 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化冲击的四个阶段以及每个阶段的特点。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place. (一般来说，我们可以说文化冲击有四个阶段。第一阶段被称为“蜜月期”。在这个阶段，你对生活在一个不同的地方感到兴奋)”可知，上文提到了对生活在一个不同的地方感到兴奋，本句为本段最后一句，应继续说明这种兴奋的感受，故G选项“一切似乎都很奇妙，每个人都对你很好”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“The next stage is “the hostility stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was.(下一个阶段是“敌对阶段”。在这个阶段，你开始注意到不是每件事都像你最初认为的那样好)”以及后文“Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore.(此外，人们不再把你当作客人)”可知，本句与后文都是在说明这一阶段中不好的感受，后文是对人们的感受，可知本句是在说明对新文化的感受。故D选项“你对新文化中的许多东西感到厌倦”符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”.(然后进入第三个阶段，称为“恢复”)”以及后文“You have learned enough to understand the new culture. The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.(你已经学了足够多的知识来理解新的文化。整个情况开始变得更有利，你开始学习让自己适应它)”可知，后文提到情况变得有利，说明在这个阶段开始重新感到积极，故E选项“在这个阶段，你开始感到更加积极”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good.(文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称为“调整”。在这个阶段，你已经达到了一个你感觉良好的点)”以及后文“The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you finally understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.(那些原本让你觉得不舒服、陌生的事情，现在终于明白了。现在你已经适应了新的文化，感觉很舒服)”可知，后文提到原本让你觉得不舒服、陌生的事情，现在终于明白了，即开始理解之前不理解的事情。故B选项“你试着去理解所有你不理解的东西”符合语境，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据后文“It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e. g., from high school to college).(当个人从一个地方搬到另一个地方或从一个环境搬到另一个环境（例如，从高中搬到大学）时，它也会发生)”可知，后文提到个人从一个地方搬到另一个地方或从一个环境搬到另一个环境也会发生文化冲击，即文化冲击并不仅限于海外游客。故C选项“此外，文化冲击并不仅限于海外游客”符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分45分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been ____21____ to pay lawyers’ fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious disease. There was no ____22____, only pain relief.
Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a ____23____ journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’ (徒步旅行者) guide.
This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and ____24____ recovery. When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just £ 320 in the bank. They planned to keep the ____25____ low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.
Wild camping is ____26____ in England. The Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning to avoid being caught. They soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot ____27____ than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor ____28____ all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial struggle, found his symptoms were strangely ____29____ by their daily tiring journey.
_____30_____, the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had _____31_____ forever. “Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes _____32_____ to a thread, but we were alive.”
During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, “_____33_____ had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) _____34_____ written book. It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page _____35_____ or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.”
21. A. torn apart B. used up C. given away D. set aside
22. A. cure B. fortune C. demand D. promise
23. A. bus B. train C. walking D. cycling
24. A. predicted B. upsetting C. frightening D. unexpected
25. A. schedule B. budget C. routine D. income
26. A. illegal B. practical C. attractive D. unpopular
27. A. funnier B. easier C. cheaper D. tougher
28. A. rolled B. bled C. ached D. trembled
29. A. developed B. relieved C. controlled D. recognized
30. A. Finally B. Hopefully C. Casually D. Slowly
31. A. gained B. kept C. recovered D. lost
32. A. sewn B. washed C. ironed D. worn
33. A. Doctors B. Wilderness C. Homelessness D. Lawyers
34. A. well B. neatly C. partly D. initially
35. A. lose B. blank C. full D. available
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了雷诺·温恩和她的丈夫因为投资错误而无家可归，同时丈夫莫斯身患疾病，夫妇二人决定徒步旅行。在徒步旅行中，丈夫的病得到改善，同时妻子也成为了自然作家，二人在困难中找到了生活的方向。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们的积蓄支付律师费用光了。A. torn apart撕破；B. used up用完；C. given away赠送；D. set aside留出。根据上文“Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless”可知，此处表示他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有治愈方法，只有缓解疼痛。A. cure治愈；B. fortune财富；C. demand需求；D. promise诺言。根据下文“only pain relief”可知，丈夫的疾病没有治愈方法。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于找不到其他出路，他们决定徒步旅行，因为他们看到了一位老的徒步旅行者向导。A. bus公交车；B. train火车；C. walking徒步旅行；D. cycling骑自行车运动。根据下文“as they caught sight of an old hikers’ guide”可知，此处表示他们决定徒步旅行。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一段漫长的经历了不习惯的艰辛和出乎意料的恢复的旅程。A. predicted预测；B. upsetting令人心烦意乱的；C. frightening可怕的；D. unexpected出乎意料的。根据上文“To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed with a serious disease. There was no ____2____ , only pain relief.”可知，此处表示恢复是出乎意料的。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们计划靠吃煮面条来维持低预算，偶尔去汉堡包店吃点东西。A. schedule日程安排；B. budget预算；C. routine常规；D. income收入。根据下文“low by living on boiled noodles”可知，他们计划吃煮面条是为了维持低的预算。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：野外露营在英国是不合法的。A. illegal不合法的；B. practical实用的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. unpopular不受欢迎的。根据下文“The Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning to avoid being caught.”可知，在英国，野外露营是不合法的。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很快发现，50多岁时的每天徒步旅行比20多岁时的记得的要困难得多。A. funnier更有趣的；B. easier更容易的；C. cheaper更便宜的；D. tougher更困难的。根据下文“Raynor ____8____ all over and desired a bath.”可知，此处表示50多岁时的徒步旅行比20多岁时更加困难。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：雷诺浑身酸痛，想要洗个澡。A. rolled翻滚；B. bled出血；C. ached疼痛；D. trembled颤抖。根据上文“They soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot ____7____ than they remember it was in their 20s.”以及常识可知，徒步旅行后，会浑身酸痛。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，莫斯在最初的挣扎之后发现，他们每天令人疲劳的旅程不可思议地缓解了他的症状。A. developed发展；B. relieved缓解；C. controlled控制；D. recognized辨识。根据上文“found his symptoms were strangely”可知，不可思议的是，每天令人疲劳的旅程缓解了莫斯的症状。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，这对夫妇发现他们的身体好转了，重新找回了他们认为已经永远失去的强健肌肉。A. Finally最后；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Casually随意地；D. Slowly慢速地。根据下文“the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had ____11____ forever.”以及语境可知，最后这对夫妇发现自己的身体好转了。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，这对夫妇发现他们的身体好转了，重新找回了他们认为已经永远失去的强健肌肉。A. gained获得；B. kept保留；C. recovered恢复；D. lost失去。根据上文“re-found strong muscles that they thought”可知，此处表示他们认为已经永远失去的肌肉。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的头发干枯掉落，指甲断了，衣服破旧不堪，但我们还活着。A. sewn缝制；B. washed清洗；C. ironed熨烫；D. worn穿。根据上文“Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken”可知，此处表示衣服破烂不堪，worn to a thread表示“破烂不堪”。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无家可归夺走了我所有的物质财富，让我一贫如洗，在一本写了一部分的书的末尾留下了一页空白。A. Doctors医生；B. Wilderness荒野；C. Homelessness无家可归；D. Lawyers律师。根据上文“Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.”可知，无家可归夺走了雷诺和丈夫莫斯的所有物质财富。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：无家可归夺走了我所有的物质财富，让我一贫如洗，在一本写了一部分的书的末尾留下了一页空白。A. well好地；B. neatly整齐地；C. partly部分地；D. initially起初。根据上文“an empty page at the end of”以及语境可知，此处表示一本写了一部分的书。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也给了我一个选择，要么让那一页空着，要么满怀希望地继续写故事。A. lose失去；B. blank空白的；C. full充满的；D. available可获得的。根据下文“or to keep writing the story with hope”可知，此处表示要么让那一页空着，要么继续写故事。故选B项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sustainable tourism, which is becoming increasingly popular nowadays, is not just about seeing the sights — it is also about connecting with people and their cultures, ____36____ (make) a positive impact on the places we visit and enhancing opportunities for the future. So, ____37____ can we be sustainable tourists?
It is important to travel in ____38____ environmentally friendly manner. Getting to a tourist destination by airplane, which greatly ____39____ (increase) our carbon footprint, has a huge impact on the global environment. While avoiding flying is not always ____40____ (practice), we can help improve the environment by travelling on local public transport or even on foot wherever possible. When at the hotel, we can reduce our impact by cutting back on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels ____41____ (wash) every day. We also need to protect the local culture. When visiting temples or churches, ____42____ a strict dress code may ____43____ (require), we should dress appropriately. While travelling, we should respect the right to privacy. We must ask for ____44____ (permit) before taking pictures of the local people, who are human beings and not _____45_____ display.
In summary, being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect — for nature, culture and people.
【答案】36. making
37. how 38. an
39. increases
40. practical
41. washed 42. where
43. be required
44. permission
45. on
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述我们如何才能成为可持续的游客。
【36题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：如今，可持续旅游越来越受欢迎，它不仅仅是观光，它还与人们和他们的文化建立联系，对我们访问的地方产生积极的影响，并为未来增加机会。设空处为非谓语，和逻辑主语Sustainable tourism之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填making。
【37题详解】
考查疑问词。句意：那么，我们如何才能成为可持续的游客呢？分析可知，设空处为特殊疑问句的疑问词，表方式，故填how。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：以环保的方式旅行是很重要的。设空处修饰名词manner，为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词修饰，空后的environmentally以元音音素开头，故填an。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：乘飞机去旅游目的地，会大大增加我们的碳足迹，对全球环境有巨大的影响。设空处是从句谓语，根据主句的时态可知为一般现在时，从句的主语指代先行词Getting to a tourist destination by airplane，谓语要用单数形式，故填increases。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然不坐飞机不太现实，但我们可以尽可能乘坐当地的公共交通工具，甚至步行来帮助改善环境。设空处接在be动词之后应用形容词作表语，故填practical。
【41题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：当我们在酒店的时候，我们可以通过减少水的消耗和每天不清洗我们的床上用品和毛巾来减少我们的影响。短语让某事被做，用have sth. done，过去分词为宾语补足语，和宾语之间是被动关系，故填washed。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：参观寺庙或教堂时，可能会有严格的着装要求，我们应该穿着得体。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词temples or churches，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【43题详解】
考查语态。句意：同上。设空处接在情态动词后，应用动词原形，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be required。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：在给当地人拍照之前，我们必须征得他们的同意，他们是人，不是展品。设空处接在介词for后，应用名词形式且名词permission为不可数名词，故填permission。
【45题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：同上。短语on display，意为“展出”，根据句意，故填on。
第三节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
请用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
46. I ________ (delete) the file by accident. I’m terribly sorry about that. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】deleted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我无意中删除了这个文件。对此我感到非常抱歉。结合语意可知，过去我删除了文件，所以现在我感到非常抱歉，前句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填deleted。
47. The train was delayed due to ________ (normal) weather conditions. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】abnormal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于天气条件异常，火车延误了。根据空前“The train was delayed”可知，此处是天气条件异常，应用形容词abnormal，修饰名词weather conditions，作定语。故填abnormal。
48. I think what we need to gain at the moment is ________ (practice) experience. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】practical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我认为目前我们需要获得的是实践经验。此处修饰名词experience，应用形容词practical“实践的”，作定语。故填practical。
49. Do you think that he has the ________ (capable) to meet the deadline? （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】capacity##capability
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你认为他有能力在最后期限前完成吗?“have the capacity/capability to do sth.”意为“有能力做某事”，设空处缺少名词capacity或capability，上文有定冠词the，表特指，用单数形式。故填capacity / capability。
50. We would like to see students participate in after-school activities more ________ (dynamic). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】dynamically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们希望看到学生们更积极地参与课外活动。修饰动词participate in应用副词dynamically，作状语。故填dynamically。
51. The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in ________ (deep). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】depth
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这口油井深达几百英尺 。此处用抽象名词depth作介词in宾语。故填depth。
52. The World Cup Final between France and Croatia received global media ________ (cover). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】coverage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：法国和克罗地亚之间的世界杯决赛得到了全球媒体的报道。结合语意，空处应用名词coverage，表示“新闻报道”，作动词received的宾语，符合句意。故填coverage。
53. Road accidents have decreased in ________ (frequent) in this region during the past decade. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】frequency
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的十年中，这个地区的交通事故发生的频率有所下降。根据空格前的介词in可知，此处应该用提示词的名词形式作介词的宾语。故填frequency。
54. We did not receive any news during his long ________ (absent). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】absence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他长期不在期间，我们没有收到任何消息。空处用于形容词long之后，应用名词absence，表示“缺席，不在”，作介词during的宾语。故填absence。
55. Please fill in the form below with your name, age and ________ (occupy). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】occupation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：请在下表中填写您的姓名、年龄和职业。分析句子结构，空处与name，age并列，应用名词occupation，表示“职业”，作介词with的宾语。故填occupation。
第四部分 写作（满分25分）
56. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The bus ran along the winding mountain road. Trying not to look at the road, I stared out the large window at the tropical greenery (绿色植物) that covered the mountain.
Next to me, my mother was as absorbed by the view as I was. She had won the trip to Costa Rica as an award for her high performance at her job. She had decided to take me with her so that we could have some “girl time” together in a new place, and I couldn’t be happier to be in such a beautiful place.
Our bus came to a small parking lot surrounded by forest. Our guide had told the tour group that it was a cloud forest we were visiting. People started to rise from their seats and moved toward the door. My mom and I picked up our bags and started down the narrow passage, excited to finally get to go on a hike after the hour-long bus ride.
When the entire group had gathered outside, the guide smiled at us. “This is an active volcano we are standing on top of now,” he said. “You have the opportunity to explore without a guide. There are two paths you can follow when we get into the woods: the first is a shorter loop (环线) and will take you back here in forty minutes or so; the second will take you a longer way, and you should be back here in an hour and twenty minutes. The longer loop is very steep, but certainly doable. All of you should be back here in two hours, which should give you plenty of time to admire the beautiful wildlife of Costa Rica! Go ahead and get started!”
Mom looked at me uncertainly. “I assume you would like to do the longer loop” she said after a moment. I nodded. We only had five days here, and I wanted to see as much as I could during that time. Mom finally agreed.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We set out on the trail that led further into the dark cloud forest.
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Gradually both of us realized the road got steeper and steeper.
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【答案】One possible version:
We set out on the trail that led further into the dark cloud forest. It was extremely beautiful. After about thirty minutes of walking and taking pictures of the beautiful mountainside, we were in a large open space full of tourists that looked out over the volcano’s crater. We managed to move our way to the railing for a good view. So far, the scenery had been wonderful and the road had been mostly flat. My mom and I were both feeling pretty good. I was truly hoping that Mom could feel good enough to go on the longer loop.
Gradually both of us realized the road got steeper and steeper. Soon, the path was so uphill that tourists had to hold onto the railing for balance. “Maybe we need to take a break,” I said, breathing heavily. My mom agreed, pulling over to the side of the steep trail. After a lot of stops and starts, we finally reached the parking lot. “The long trail wasn’t so bad, eh?” the guide asked with a cheerful smile, “You just have to know that keep going when it gets a little tough.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和母亲去哥斯达黎加旅行。导游告诉作者和其他旅行者有两条不需要导游就可以探索的路线，一条较短的大约需要四十分钟，另一条较长的需要一小时二十分钟，路非常陡峭。作者和母亲决定沿着较长的路线探索。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们沿着小路出发，这条小路通向昏暗的云林。”可知，第一段可描写作者和母亲沿路探索，看到了美丽的风景，感觉很好。
②由第二段首句内容“渐渐地，我们都意识到路越来越陡了。”可知，第二段可描写路变得陡峭，作者和母亲决定休息一下，在不断的休息和继续出发之后，终于到达了停车场。
2.续写线索：出发——美景——感觉很好——路越来越陡——休息之后坚持——到达停车场
3.词汇激活
行为类
①拍照：take pictures/take photos
②继续：go on/continue/keep on
③休息一下：take a break/have a rest
情绪类
①愉快的笑：with a cheerful smile/with a happy smile
②困难的：tough/difficult/hard
【点睛】【高分句型1】After about thirty minutes of walking and taking pictures of the beautiful mountainside, we were in a large open space full of tourists that looked out over the volcano’s crater.（由that引导限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】You just have to know that keep going when it gets a little tough.（由that引导宾语从句，作动词know的宾语，由连接词when引导时间状语从句）