福建省厦门双十中学2021-2022学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题含解析

这是一份福建省厦门双十中学2021-2022学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题含解析，共29页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， Wh is the man?等内容，欢迎下载使用。
厦门双十中学2021级高一下学期第一次月考
英语
第一部分 考试听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What size of the shoes does the woman want to try on this time?
A. Size six. B. Size seven. C. Size seven and a half.
2. What does the man want to do?
A. To put off an appointment.
B. To cancel an appointment.
C. To confirm an appointment.
3. Why does the man refuse the woman’s request for a rest?
A. Because there’s a new contract to sign.
B. Because there’s a lot of work to do.
C. Because they have to meet with Mr. White.
4. Where will the speakers meet?
A. At the hotel. B. At the post office. C. At the railway station.
5. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Give him a ride. B. Buy him some food. C. Give him some cash.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What medium did the man use for news updates?
A. MSN. B. Twitter. C. Yahoo.
7. Why does the man stop using Facebook?
A. He has to prepare for his graduation.
B. He couldn’t use it to contact his friends.
C. He has better options now.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Who is the man?
A. Jack’s uncle. B. Jack’s teacher. C. Jack’s brother.
9. What makes the man worried about Jack?
A. Jack’s performance in sports.
B. Jack’s change in character.
C. Jack’s safety at school.
10. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Keep himself busy. B. Be more sociable. C. Calm down.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the man?
A. An assistant engineer.
B. A chief engineer.
C. A technician.
12. What makes the man want to change his job?
A. The job is so boring.
B. He can’t get promoted for a long time.
C. He can’t work in peace with his coworkers.
13. How much salary does the man expect?
A. $50,000 a year. B. $60,000 a year. C. $68,000 a year.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What do we know from the conversation?
A. Joe Johnson is a rap singer and actor.
B. Joe Johnson comes from South America.
C. Joe Johnson starred in a movie as a singer.
15. Why did the man watch old movies?
A. To relax himself from busy work.
B. To learn acting skills from them.
C. To know people’s life at that time.
16. What does the man think of Laura?
A. Unfriendly. B. Helpful. C. Humorous.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. In which season do people catch a cold easily?
A. In winter. B. In summer. C. In autumn.
18. Why isn’t there a cure for the common cold?
A. There are too many kinds of cold viruses.
B. Scientists devote less to medicine than space travel.
C. Scientists believe people can recover without treatment.
19. What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold?
A. They tell you what kind of medicine to take.
B. They show your body is fighting the virus.
C. They indicate how fast the virus spreads in your body.
20. What is some scientists’ opinion of taking medicines for the common cold?
A. It actually does more harm than good.
B. It causes damage to some organs of your body.
C. It works better when combined with other treatments.
第二部分 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Considering the fast-changing world, it’s great to know the possible job options in the future. The occupations below are probably some of the most promising future careers.
Personal education guide
Compared with online programs today, education could better meet individual needs, even with improved convenience. Like an adviser, a personal education guide may assist people with on-demand course selection or the planning of personalized training.
Individualized body part maker
Doctors may expect individualized organs grown or 3D printed using their patients’ own cells. After all, scientists’ creation of hearts, kidneys, and livers has already had some success in the labs. Even external body parts including skin and ears have been grown.
Pharmaceutical artisan (制药师)
The increasing popularity of 3D printing may enable the quick production of the medicine based on individual needs. It’s possible that artisanal drugs would be created according to one’s unique genes, habits, and medical history.
Brain implant specialist
We are making greater progress in understanding how the complex human brain works, so it’s highly possible that we would create something amazing by combining the rapid advances in neuroscience (神经科学) with the advantages of computer technology. In the future, one can have a specialized computer chip put into his brain to treat certain health issues, such as diseases, mood disorders, and paralysis.
1. Who can help in a personalized course selection?
A. An individualized body part maker. B. A brain implant specialist.
C. A personal education guide. D. A pharmaceutical artisan.
2. What do brain implant specialists mainly do?
A. Improve human intelligence.
B. Change how the brain works.
C. Develop medicine for brain diseases.
D. Apply computer technology to brain health.
3. Which is the common feature of the four jobs?
A. Online work. B. Personalized service.
C. Artificial technology. D. Medical knowledge.
More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley was one of many poor children in rural India. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up, finding himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him — so he got on.
That train took him across the country to a totally strange city, where he did not speak the language. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage(孤儿院). There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn’t help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country seemed to be impossible.
Then he found Google Earth — a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town’s central business district from a bird’s-eye view. He thought, “On the right-band side you should see the three-platform train station” — and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain” — and there it was.
Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. “There’s something about me,” he thought — and it took him a few seconds, but he finally remembered what she used to look like.
“My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion(核聚变). I just didn’t know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.”
4. Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago?
A. He was taken away by a foreigner. B. He was adopted by an Australian family.
C. He got on a train by mistake. D. He got lost while playing in the street.
5. How did Brierley find his hometown?
A. By analyzing old pictures. B. By studying digital maps.
C. By spreading his story via his book. D. By travelling all around India.
6. What does Brierley mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A. His memory of his hometown. B. His love for his mother.
C. His long way back home. D. His reunion with his mother.
7. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Brierley’s mother grew shorter and weaker as she aged.
B. Brierley recognized his mother the moment he saw her.
C. Brierley once decided to give up searching for his hometown.
D. There were mixed feelings when Brierley saw his mother again.
Many animals climb, but few do it as well as the spider. Now researchers have turned upsurprising clued as to how spiders can stick to almost any surface. The structure of tiny hairs at the tip of the spider's legs likely help the creature hang on.
Clemens Schaber is a zoologist at the University of Kiel in Germany. He led the new study, which was published on June 11 in Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering. The finding was part of his research on how spiders move. Adhesion, or stickiness, “is an important part of that,” he says.
Spiders don't have a sticky liquid on their feet. Instead, they use “dry” adhesion. Animals that use dry adhesion can stick and unstuck to surfaced easily. Scientists have long studied the hairs on a spider's feet to understand how they do it.
Before this latest research, Schaber knew the hairs were important for adhesion. He wanted to know more about why they worked so well. He and his colleague chose to study this in Cupiennius salei spiders living in South and Central America.
The scientists first tried to pull tufts of hair off the spider legs. But the entire leg often came off instead. This is a natural defense that the spiders use to escape predators(捕食者). The researchers then used a powerful microscope to view the hairs closer. Schaber expected that all the hairs would point in the same direction, more or less. “But it wasn't like that,” he says. Instead, they saw hairs pointing all over the place. “The ends of the hairs were all a little bit different in direction,” Schaber says.
The researchers then tested the stickiness of the hairs on different materials, including glass. They found that some hairs had the strongest adhesion at one angle. Others worked best at other angles. This mix of angled and adhesions may help the spider stick no matter how it touches a wall.
8. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A. Summarize the previous paragraph. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
9. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The effect of spiders' foot hair on stickiness.
B. The importance of Schaber's latest research.
C. The natural defense behind spiders' tiny hairs.
D. The reason why spiders ' feet have no sticky liquid.
10. What is the last paragraph of the text mainly about?
A. What results from the stickiness of spiders' hairs.
B. Which hair angle holds the strongest stickiness.
C. How the researchers conduct the spider test.
D. Why spiders can stick to almost any material.
11. What's the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To guide. B. To inform.
C. To advertise. D. To argue.
Compared to metal, ceramics (陶瓷) can better resist high temperatures and certain severe environments, but they are fragile. This potentially causes problems for innovators trying to create lightweight versions of these materials, explaining why ceramic materials are not typically used as structural components.
Facing the challenging task of developing lightweight, high-strength ceramic materials, Mechanical Engineering Assistant Professor Ling Li has turned to the knobby sea star from the tropical Indo-Pacific for design inspiration.
Sea star skeletons (骨骼) are made of an easily broken material. However, the body of the sea star demonstrates high strength and flexibility. Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.
What the team found was unexpected. The skeleton of the knobby star consists of many millimeter-sized skeletal elements. Li and his team discovered that each is constructed of a microlattice (微晶) structure so uniform that it can be described mathematically. Even more interesting, the team found the uniform structure of the microlattice is essentially a single crystal structure at atomic level.
Based on the finding, Li and his collaborators used 3D printing to model and generate large-scale versions of these complex lattice structures, a useful approach in understanding the complexity of these unique geometries. While the 3D-printed models created by Li's team were indeed visually inspiring, the technology needed to bring new, stronger ceramic micro-architectures to market still lay in the future. Currently, 3D printers produce structures at the micrometer level, but printing ceramics still requires firing the final product, which possibly introduces many uncontrolled tiny holes and cracks. These make the structures extremely fragile.
Li hopes that continued advances in the field of 3D printing and further understanding of the formation mechanisms of biological structures like sea star skeletons eventually offer a solution.
12. What does Li's team mainly focus on to improve ceramics?
A. Their strength. B. Their flexibility.
C. Their heat-resistance. D. Their main component.
13. In which aspect do the researchers explore sea star skeletons?
A. Function. B. Material. C. Structure. D. Size.
14. What is a barrier to the practical application of the finding?
A. The inability to print tiny structures.
B. The failure to produce a larger sea star model.
C. Inadequate technology in heating products.
D. Misunderstanding in the nature of ceramics.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Secret in Fragile Skeletons
B. 3D Printing for Sea Star Models
C. Ceramics as Perfect Structural Components
D. A Star in the World of Ceramic Engineering
第三部分 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When reading Jack Reacher’s novel, I noticed that he would often answer questions with silence. It was very powerful indeed. ____16____ For some people, silence comes naturally. But there are quite a few of us who need to learn the art of practicing silence. Read on for more reasons to try silence in your daily communications.
Silence gets people’s attention
If you have ever been in a classroom, you have most likely experienced how silence often gets everyone’s attention. When the teacher stops talking, a signal goes to the brain that something has happened. ____17____ The same is true in our daily conversations. If we fall silent. people will notice it and we gain their attention.
Silence uses body language
Often our body language is a more powerful way of communicating than what comes out of our mouth. ____18____ The ability to understand and use body language is a powerful tool that can help you connect with others, express what you really mean, and build better relationships.
Silence offers sympathy (同情) for others
There are times in life when silence offers sympathy and understanding to others. Sometimes we simply don’t have the right words to communicate to someone who is struggling with a hurtful or painful situation. But we can still show them that we care and we are there for them. ____19____
Silence is polite
____20____ From radio broadcasts, news channels, stores to the constant chatter of people around us. So when we do get the chance to talk, we usually feel like we have to fill every thought into a short period of time. However, when we are silent we give others a chance to speak. We show them that they matter.
A. We can offer comfort by our calming silence.
B. The silence often left the other person puzzled.
C. To comfort them, you may tell them a similar painful situation.
D. Often the other person would quickly get the needed answer in silence.
E. Our facial expressions, eye contact, and even tone of voice speak the loudest.
F. We live in a society where we are fighting with so many sources of information.
G. All of a sudden you pay attention and wonder why communication has stopped.
第四部分 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school — he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable.
When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine （信条）and anything did I, ____21____, copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. I could ____22____ my dad taking me to school, running into him ____23____ during the day and riding home with him every afternoon.
As I grew older, we were not as ____24____ as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more. He wore his socks too high, listened to ____25____ country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment.
However, the ____26____ that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party, ____27____ as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me! I wanted to run away.
This ____28____ continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance. Things started to ____29____ around the time of my 10th-grade physics project. The ____30____ was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio（比率）. All the students and physics teachers ____31____. So did my dad, the only administrator! Embarrassed, as usual, I ____32____ the scene. ____33____, later when I learned from my friends that my dad ____34____ all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my ____35____ was a touch of pride.
I had needed someone else to show me what I ____36____ in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won; it was more than that. I began to ____37____ that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to ____38____ him, he still influenced me.
I feel ____39____ to have such an unusual father. The ____40____ I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.
21. A. temporarily B. naturally C. originally D. passively
22. A. apply to B. count on C. see off D. pick out
23. A. gradually B. previously C. regularly D. eventually
24. A. close B. reliable C. generous D. confident
25. A. creative B. familiar C. horrible D. live
26. A. failures B. coincidences C. competitions D. disasters
27. A. dressed up B. broken down C. settled down D. signed up
28. A. debate B. party C. progress D. struggle
29. A. happen B. change C. grow D. disappear
30. A. issue B. task C. lesson D. procedure
31. A. participated B. protested C. hesitated D. explored
32. A. fled B. investigated C. pictured D. made
33. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However
34. A. convinced B. defeated C. ignored D. evaluated
35. A. confusion B. encouragement C. embarrassment D. fascination
36. A. recommended B. tolerated C. doubted D. appreciated
37. A. recognize B. demand C. argue D. estimate
38. A. approach B. limit C. resist D. believe
39. A. puzzled B. fortunate C. concerned D. awkward
40. A. strategy B. habit C. relationship D. potential
第五部分 单项选择
41. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was happy to see his mother ________ good care of at home.
A. taken B. to take C. taking D. took
42. Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you develop a healthy lifestyle, thus ________ you to have more energy.
A. enabling B. being enabled C. enable D. to enable
43. Because of the tight________ and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunch break to finish homework.
A. schedule B. investigation C. performance D. impression
44. The president of the company has promised to increase the salary ________ the demands of most workers.
A. in memory of B. in response to C. in addition to D. in place of
45. Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game, our coach got us to ________ and ready to give our best shot in the second half.
A. cheer up B. hold up C. break up D. dress up
46. Guide dogs go to a special school _____ they work with a sighted trainer before they are sent to the blind.
A. / B. that C. where D. which
47. The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ now for their outstanding performance during the match.
A. has been interviewed B. have been interviewed
C. is being interviewed D. are being interviewed
48. The manager said he supported the move ________ he didn’t think it would make much of a difference.
A. so that B. in order that C. now that D. even though
49. It’s strongly recommended that the machine ________ every year.
A. repair B. to repair C. be repaired D. should repair
50. It was her selfless support during the tough time ________ helped us get through the crisis quickly.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
第六部分 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seated on cliffs above a river, Hongyadong is a house complex ____51____ traditional style in the city of Chongqing. Its bars, restaurants and golden lights ____52____(be) a popular draw since it was built in 2006. The main reason, seemed, was Hongyadong’s sudden ____53____(popular) on an App, Douyin, ____54____ is used for sharing photographs and 15-second videos. By the end of the year, the waiting time ____55____(get) in was three hours. For a while Hongyadong became the ____56____(big) attraction in China after the Forbidden City, says ____57____ well-known travel website.
Instead of having fun, some people now flock(蜂拥) to remote strawberry farms or bays to take ____58____(photo) to impress their friends on social media apps. Douyin has 230 million monthly active users and its fans ____59____(common) see the App to watch hot-trending videos posted by users they do not know under categories such as, “food” and “scenic spots”. Uploading a picture or video from a photogenic(上镜的) spot to sites such as Douyin and Kuaishou is known in China as “Da Ka”, ____60____(mean) “punching the card”. The word is also used to refer to the practice of registering your presence at a location that has already become hot, such as Hongyadong.
第七部分 句子翻译
根据汉语提示，按课文原文，将句子信息补充完整（每空不止一词）。
61. 像拥有相同的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗（称为“英国国旗”）。
They use the same flag, ________ the Union Jack, as well as ________.
62. “绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, ________ sheep and cattle.
63. 自此，虚拟合唱团风靡全球。
Since then, the virtual choir ________.
64. 如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。
________, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
65. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动（进行促销）。
Festivals are becoming ________, with business taking advantage of the celebrations.
66. 想象一下，独自在家时，你可以与数百人一起引吭高歌。
________ together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone.
67. 音乐是岩石，让我倚靠，变得坚强，度过那些艰难的岁月。
Music was the rock ________ to become strong and ________.
68. 节日反映了人类的愿望、信仰、信念以及对生活的态度。
They ________, and attitudes towards life.

第八部分 书面表达
69. 假如你是李华，下周你校将开展主题为“My favorite traditional Chinese festival”的英语演讲比赛，请你根据以下提示撰写一篇演讲稿：
1. 你最喜欢的一个中国传统节日；
2. 介绍该节日的特色（如活动、传统习俗等）；
3. 简述你喜欢该节日的原因。
注意：1. 词数不少于80；
2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3. 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
My Favorite Traditional Chinese Festival
Hello, everyone! It’s my honor
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________










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【答案】略
【解析】略
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个可能是最有前途的职业。
1. 细节理解题。根据Personal education guide下的“Like an adviser, a personal education guide may assist people with on-demand course selection or the planning of personalized training.（像顾问一样，个人教育指南可以帮助人们按需选择课程或制定个性化培训计划。）”可知，个人教育指南能在个性化课程选择方面提供帮助。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Brain implant specialist下的“In the future, one can have a specialized computer chip put into his brain to treat certain health issues, such as diseases, mood disorders, and paralysis.（在未来，人们可以在大脑中植入一种专门的计算机芯片来治疗某些健康问题，如疾病、情绪障碍和瘫痪。）”可知，大脑植入专家主要是将计算机技术应用于大脑健康。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据Personal education guide下的“education could better meet individual needs,（教育可以更好地满足个人的需求）”；Individualized body part maker下的“Doctors may expect individualized organs grown or 3D printed using their patients’ own cells.（医生们可能期望用病人自己的细胞来培养或3D打印出个性化的器官。）”；Pharmaceutical artisan (制药师)下的“based on individual needs.（根据个人需求）”以及Brain implant specialist下的“a specialized computer chip put into his brain to treat certain health issues,（一个专门的电脑芯片植入他的大脑来治疗某些健康问题，）”可推知，这四种工作的共同特点是都具有个性化服务。故选B。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了布尔利在小的时候，因上错了火车而与家人分离，长大后，通过数字地图，最终找到家人团聚的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“When he woke up, finding himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him — so he got on.（当他醒来时，发现自己是一个人，4岁的男孩决定他的哥哥可能在他前面看到的火车上，所以他上了车。）”可知，布尔利与家人分开是因为上错了火车，故选择C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Then he found Google Earth — a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures（然后他找到了谷歌地球——一个数字地图程序。他花了数年时间在该项目的卫星图片中寻找他的家乡）”可知，他是通过分析数字地图找到的家乡，故选择B项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“I just didn’t know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.（我只是不知道该说什么，因为我从没想过见到我母亲会成为现实。我就在这里，站在她面前。）”可知，本段主要讲述的是布尔利与母亲的重逢，故选择D 项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion(核聚变).（她走上前去，我也走上前去，我的感觉、眼泪和大脑中的化学物质，就像核聚变一样）”可知，布尔利再次见到母亲时，心情复杂，故选择D项。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。最新研究表明蜘蛛之所以能够爬行自如，原因是蜘蛛腿部细小毛发特殊指向结构使其具有超强黏性。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The finding was part of his research on how spiders move. Adhesion, or stickiness, “is an important part of that,” he says.”（这个发现是他研究蜘蛛如何移动的一部分。他说：“粘附或粘着是其中重要的一部分”）可知，讲述了Clemens Schaber研究的部分内容，作者在第二段中打算增加一些背景信息。故选C。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Scientists have long studied the hairs on a spider's feet to understand how they do it.”（科学家们长期研究蜘蛛脚上的毛发，以了解它们是如何做到这一点的。）根据第四段中“Before this latest research, Schaber knew the hairs were important for adhesion. He wanted to know more about why they worked so well. ”（在这项最新研究之前，Schaber知道毛发对粘连很重要。他想知道更多关于为什么它们工作得这么好的原因。）可知，Schaber想要知道的是为什么毛发对蜘蛛的粘附作用重大。划线词所在句指“他和同事选择研究的就是这个问题”，因此推断 this 代指“蜘蛛脚毛对粘性的影响”，选项A与文意相符，故选A。
3. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“They found that some hairs had the strongest adhesion at one angle. Others worked best at other angles. This mix of angled and adhesions may help the spider stick no matter how it touches a wall.”（他们发现有些毛发在一个角度附着力最强。其它的毛发则在其他角度的效果最好。这种角质和粘附物的混合物，无论蜘蛛如何接触墙壁，都可以帮助它粘住。）可知，研究人员通过研究测试发现蜘蛛腿部细小毛发角度不同黏性不同，这种特性帮助蜘蛛轻易黏在任何表面。所以第四段主要讲为什么蜘蛛能粘在几乎任何材料上。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now researchers have turned upsurprising clued as to how spiders can stick to almost any surface. The structure of tiny hairs at the tip of the spider's legs likely help the creature hang on.”（现在研究人员惊奇地发现，蜘蛛是如何粘附在差不多任何表面上的。蜘蛛腿顶端细小毛发的结构，可能有助于这种生物的生存。）及后文内容的描述，文章主要是对这个新的研究作一介绍。由此可见其写作目的应为 “To inform”(告知 )。故选B。
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. C 15. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，陶瓷比金属能更好地承受高温和腐蚀性环境，但其易碎性往往使其容易断裂，弗吉尼亚理工大学教授通过研究海星骨骼，为制作更坚固的轻质陶瓷指明了方向。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“but they are fragile(但是它们易碎)”及第三段最后一句“Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.(揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，陶瓷易碎，Li的团队主要专注于坚固性来改进陶瓷。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Sea star skeletons (骨骼) are made of an easily broken material. However, the body of the sea star demonstrates high strength and flexibility. Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.(海星的骨骼是由一种容易破碎的物质构成的。然而，海星的身体显示出高强度和灵活性。揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，研究人员探索的是海星骨骼的结构。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Currently, 3D printers produce structures at the micrometer level, but printing ceramics still requires firing the final product, which possibly introduces many uncontrolled tiny holes and cracks.(目前，3D打印机在微米级生产结构，但印刷陶瓷仍然需要烧制最终产品，这可能引入许多无法控制的微孔和裂缝。)”可知，烧制产品技术不足是这一发现应用到实际中的障碍。故选C项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段最后一句“Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.(揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，文章主要讲述弗吉尼亚理工大学教授通过研究海星骨骼，为制作更坚固的轻质陶瓷指明了方向。故D项“陶瓷工程界之星”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. E 19. A 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们日常交流中尝试保持沉默的原因。
1. 根据前文“When reading Jack Reacher’s novel, I noticed that he would often answer questions with silence. It was very powerful indeed.(在阅读杰克·里奇的小说时，我注意到他经常会用沉默来回答问题。它确实非常强大。)”可知，杰克·里奇常用沉默来回答问题，D“Often the other person would quickly get the needed answer in silence.(通常，对方会在沉默中迅速得到所需的答案。)”解释了他这样做的原因，上下文构成因果关系，且句中“get the needed answer”与上文“answer questions”相呼应。故选D。
2. 根据小标题“Silence gets people’s attention(沉默引起人们的注意)”和前文“When the teacher stops talking, a signal goes to the brain that something has happened. (当老师停止讲话时，大脑会收到一个信号，表明发生了什么事。)”和常识可知，老师课堂上突然沉默，学生会想知道其原因，所以选择项G“All of a sudden you pay attention and wonder why communication has stopped. (突然之间，你会注意并想知道为什么交流停止了。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
3. 根据小标题“Silence uses body language (沉默使用肢体语言)”和前文“Often our body language is a more powerful way of communicating than what comes out of our mouth. (通常，我们的肢体语言是一种比我们嘴里说出来的更有效的交流方式。)”可知，本段陈述肢体语言有时是更有效的交流，选择项E“Our facial expressions, eye contact, and even tone of voice speak the loudest. (我们的面部表情、眼神交流，甚至语调都是最响亮的。)”对此进行了举例说明，符合上下文语境。故选E。
4. 根据小标题“Silence offers sympathy (同情) for others (沉默是对他人的同情)”和前文“There are times in life when silence offers sympathy and understanding to others. Sometimes we simply don’t have the right words to communicate to someone who is struggling with a hurtful or painful situation. But we can still show them that we care and we are there for them. (在生活中，有时沉默会给他人带来同情和理解。有时，我们根本没有合适的语言与正在与伤害或痛苦情况作斗争的人交流。但我们仍然可以向他们表明我们关心他们，我们在他们身边。)”可知，本段陈述通过沉默来安慰别人，选择项A“We can offer comfort by our calming silence. (我们可以通过平静的沉默来提供安慰。)”进一步说明沉默的意义，且句中“offer comfort”与上文“we care”相照应，符合上下文语境。故选A。
5. 下文“From radio broadcasts, news channels, stores to the constant chatter of people around us. (从广播、新闻频道、商店到我们周围人不断的喋喋不休。)”是对F“We live in a society where we are fighting with so many sources of information. (我们生活在这样一个社会，我们与如此多的信息来源斗争。)”的举例说明，其中“radio broadcasts, news channels, stores to the constant chatter”与“so many sources of information”相呼应，符合上下文语境。故选F。
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过记叙作者的成长经历发表对父亲的一些看法和对父亲态度的转变的一些观点，那就是父子关系与成长的关系至关重要。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。
1. 考查副词辨析。句意：当我小弟时候，我父亲所说的一切都是信条，而我很自然的照搬。A. temporarily暂时地；B. naturally自然地；C. originally原始地；D. passively被动地。既然父亲说的都是信条，那作者自然地只有照做的份。故选B。
2. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：我可以依靠他带我去上学。A. apply to申请；B. count on依靠；C. see off送行；D. pick out挑出。根据上文my dad and I have attended the same school可知，作者可以依靠父亲带作者去上学。故选B。
3. 考查副词辨析。句意：在白天的时候有规律地遇见他，然后每天下午和他一起骑车回家。A. gradually渐渐地；B. previously之前；C. regularly有规律地；D. eventually最终地。因为其父亲是学校行政管理人员，故其行踪是固定的，其行动是有规律的。故选C。
4. 考查形容词辨析。句意：随着我长大，我们不再那么亲密无间。A. close接近；B. reliable可靠的，值得信赖的；C. generous大方的；D. confident自信的。下一句He wasn't cool any more他不再那么酷。表明作者不再认为父亲是心目中的样子，自然也就起隔阂了，没有那么亲密无间的了。故选A。
5. 考查形容词辨析。句意：他穿高筒袜子，听令人生厌的乡村音乐，大声地在我朋友面前笑，他完全变得让我难堪起来。A. creative创新的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. horrible极讨厌的；D. live鲜活的。根据He became a total embarrassment.父亲听听令人生厌的乡村音乐。故选C。
6. 考查名词辨析。句意：然而，学校里发生的一切灾难甚至更糟糕。A. failures失败；B. coincidences巧合；C. competitions竞争；D. disasters灾难。根据the worst one happened in seventh grade.可知，学校里发生的一切灾难甚至更糟糕。故选D。
7. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：我父亲来参加我们的新年晚会，化装成唐老鸭，手里拿着吉他唱着愚蠢的歌曲。这比杀我还难受。A. dressed up化妆；B. broken down破产；C. settled down定居，安顿下来；D. signed up报名，签名。根据Donald Duck可知，参加聚会，且装扮成唐老鸭自然要化妆。故选A。
8. 考查名词辨析。句意：这种挣扎的心理直到高中，但我不管怎么说开始寻求一种平衡。A. debate争论；B. party党派；C. progress进步；D. struggle斗争，挣扎。这么多年的经历告诉我们作者内心是纠结的，挣扎于与父亲的关系上面。故选D。
9. 考查动词辨析。句意：事情的改变史与我十年级的一次物理课项目。A. happen发生；B. change改变；C. grow生长；D. disappear消失。根据I found that mixed in with my ________ was a touch of pride.可知，事情开始在作者十年级物理课项上发生了变化。故选B。
10. 考查名词辨析。句意：这项任务是用最好的强度比率建造一座木桥。A. issue话题；B. task任务；C. lesson教训；D. procedure程序，步骤。既然是建造木桥，那么就是此次项目的任务。故选B。
11. 考查动词辨析。句意：所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。A. participated参加；B. protested辩护，抗争；C. hesitated犹豫不决；D. explored探索。根据 So did my dad, the only administrator!可知，我父亲也参与了，他是参加的唯一的领导。所以所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。故选A。
12. 考查动词辨析。句意：像往常一样我逃离了现场。A. fled逃跑；B. investigated调查；C. pictured画画；D. made制造。根据上文I wanted to run away.可知，像往常一样告诉我们作者感到尴尬，做出逃跑这样的动作也属正常。故选A。
13. 考查连接副词辨析。句意：然而，后来当我从朋友那里了解到我父亲击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹。A. Instead相反；取而代之；B. Otherwise要不然的话；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。接着下一句的内容：击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹时，作者的态度是发生了转变的。变成带有一丝自豪：a touch of pride.这与之前认为他父亲的行为让他尴尬的态度形成一个意义上的转折。故选D。
14. 考查动词辨析。句意：然而，后来当我从朋友那里了解到我父亲击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹。A. convinced令人信服；B. defeated击败；C. ignore忽略，忽视；D. evaluated评估，估计。从赢得了赞叹可以推出答案为击败对手。故选B。
15. 考查名词辨析。句意：我发现我的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。A. confusion混乱；B. encouragement鼓励；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. fascination迷人，吸引人。根据上文之 He became a total embarrassment.可知，作者发现自己的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。故选C。
16. 考查动词辨析。句意：我需要别人让我了解自己对父亲的欣赏之情。A. recommended推荐；B. tolerated忍受，忍耐；C. doubted怀疑；D. appreciated欣赏，感激。上句说有一丝的自豪感，自然对父亲有一丝欣赏的感觉。故选D。
17. 考查动词辨析。句意：我开始意识到我们有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。A. recognize识别；B. demand需求；C. argue争论；D. estimate估计。根据we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions.可知，作者开始意识到我们有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。故选A。
18. 考查动词辨析。句意：无论我怎么抵制他，他仍然在影响着我。A. approach接近；B. limit限制；C. resist抵抗，拒绝；D. believe相信。根据前面的描述作者一直是嫌弃他父亲的行为的，所以在心理上是抵制他的。故选C。
19. 考查形容词辨析。句意：我很幸运我有这样不同寻常的父亲。A. puzzled觉得困惑的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. concerned关心的，担忧的；D. awkward尴尬的，令人难堪的。根据such an unusual father. 可知，有这样不同寻常的父亲当然是幸运的一件事情。故选B。
20. 考查名词辨析。句意：这么多年我和我父亲的关系使得我能回首看自己的成长经历。A. strategy方法，策略；B. habit习惯；C. relationship关系；D. potential潜力。根据has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.可知，全文所讲的父子关系，无论是嫌弃也好，还是感觉自豪也罢。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。故选C。
41. A
考查过去分词。句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看见妈妈在家里被照顾得很好。分析句子可知，take是宾语补足语，根据句意，宾语his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动，故选A。
42. A
考查非谓语动词。句意：足够的锻炼和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，从而使你有更多的精力。此处为现在分词作结果状语，表示必然的结果。故选A。
43. A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A. schedule日程安排；B. investigation调查；C. performance表现；D. impression印象。根据“heavy workload of Grade 12”可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。故选A项。
44. B
考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了对大部分员工们的需求做出回应，公司总裁已经承诺涨工资了。A.in memory of作为对……的纪念；B.in response to对……做出反应；C.in addition to除……以外(还)；D.in place of 代替。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词短语表示“对……做出回应或反应”的意思，在句子中做状语，B选项意思接近。故选B。
45. A
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然我们在上半场做得不够好，但我们的教练让我们振作起来，准备在下半场打出我们最好的射门。A. cheer up振作起来；B. hold up举起；C. break up破碎；分裂；D. dress up盛装打扮。结合句意可知，上半场我们做得不好，只有振作起来，才能在下半场打出最好的射门，cheer up“振作起来”符合题意，故选A项。
46. C
考查定语从句。句意：导盲犬在被送给盲人之前，要先在一所特殊的学校与视力正常的训练师一起训练。此处为定语从句修饰先行词school，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故选C。
47. C
考查时态、主谓一致和被动语态。句意：这位篮球教练和他的球队正在接受采访，因为他们在比赛中表现出色。分析句意可知，根据句中now，谓语动词用现在进行时形式；题干中主语the basketball coach后加as well as his team，谓语动词单复数形式应与the basketball coach保持一致；主语The basketball coach和动词interview之间是被动关系，谓语动词应用被动语态形式；综上分析，该空应该用现在进行时被动语态的单数形式is being interviewed。故选C项。
48. D
考查连词。句意：经理说他支持这项行动，虽然他不认为会有什么不同。A. so that以便；B. in order that为了；C. now that既然；D. even though虽然，尽管。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示让步的意思的连词。故选D。
49. C
考查虚拟语气。句意：强烈建议这台机器每年被修理一次。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，“It”为形式主语，“that”引导的从句为真正的主语，“recommend”意为“建议”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)+动词原形”，“machine”和“repair”之间为被动关系，故空格处应用“should be repaired”或“be repaired”。故选C项。
50. B
考查强调句。句意：正是她在困难时期的无私支持，帮助我们迅速度过了危机。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句“It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其它部分”。被强调部分为her selfless support during the tough time，故选B。
【答案】51. in 52. have been 53. popularity 54. which 55. to get 56. biggest 57. a 58. photos 59. commonly 60. meaning
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了因抖音而走红的旅游景点——重庆洪崖洞。
1. 考查介词。句意：洪崖洞坐落在河边的悬崖上，是重庆一座传统风格的住宅综合体。后跟名词作宾语，表示“以……风格”应用介词in。故填in。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：自2006年建成以来，这里的酒吧、餐馆和金色的灯光一直都很受欢迎。根据时间状语“since it was built in 2006”可知，此句应该用现在完成时，主语“Its bars, restaurants and golden lights”为复数形式，故填have been。
3. 考查名词。句意：主要原因似乎是洪崖洞在抖音上突然走红。根据“Hongyadong’s sudden”可知，此处应填名词popularity，作表语，不可数。故填popularity。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：抖音是一款用于分享照片和15秒视频的应用程序。分析句子结构可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Douyin”，指物，在从句中作主语，故填which。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：到年底，排队的时间有3个小时。分析句子结构可知get在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处为不定式作后置定语，故填to get。
6. 考查形容词最高级。句意：一家知名旅游网站称，洪崖洞一度成为继故宫之后中国最大的旅游景点。分析句意可知，此处意为“最大的”，故填形容词最高级，故填biggest。
7. 考查冠词。句意：一家知名旅游网站称，洪崖洞一度成为继故宫之后中国最大的旅游景点。website为单数可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，且well-known是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
8. 考查名词的数。句意：现在，一些人聚集到偏远的草莓农场或海湾，在社交媒体应用程序上拍照，给他们的朋友留下深刻印象，而不是娱乐。photo为可数名词，此处指拍照应用复数形式。故填photos。
9. 考查副词。句意：抖音每月有2.3亿活跃用户，其粉丝通常会观看他们不认识的用户发布的热门视频，比如“美食”和“景点”。修饰动词see应用副词commonly，作状语。故填commonly。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在抖音和快手等网站上上传照片或视频在中国被称为“打卡”。分析句子结构可知mean在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与“Da Ka”之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。
61. ①. known as ②. share the same currency and military defence
考查过去分词、动词、名词及形容词。表示“被称为”用过去分词短语known as，作后置定语；表示“共有”用动词share；表示“相同的货币”用the same currency；表示“国防”用military defence。故答案为①known as；②share the same currency and military defence。
62. with its rolling green hills dotted with
考查介词、形容词及过去分词作后置定语。表示“带有”用with；表示“连绵起伏的青山”用rolling green hills；表示“点缀”用过去分词短语dotted with，作后置定语。故答案为with its rolling green hills dotted with。
63. has become a worldwide phenomenon
考查时态和短语。根据中文和英文句子可知，空处缺少“风靡全球”的英文表达become a worldwide phenomenon。根据Since then可知，句子为现在完成时，主语choir为单数形式。故填has become a worldwide phenomenon。
64. If you keep your eyes open
考查条件状语从句。根据中文和英文句子可知，本句为If引导的条件状语从句，空处缺少从句部分，一般现在时。“留心观察”可以用keep your eyes open表达，主语为第二人称you，谓语动词用原形。故填If you keep your eyes open。
65. commercial
考查形容词。根据句意“商业化”可知应填形容词commercial，作表语。故填commercial。
66. Imagine singing
考查祈使句及非谓语动词。祈使句中应用动词原形形式，故imagine应用动词的原形的形式，imagine doing sth.，故sing应用动名词的形式。故填Imagine singing。
67. ①. (that/which) I leant on ②. to get through those hard times
考查定语从句、动词短语及时态。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语lean on，get through，“让我倚靠”可使用限定性定语从句，修饰先行词rock，在从句中作lean on的宾语，应用that/which引导，关系代词可省略，由was可知，应用一般过去时；第二空与to become strong是并列关系，应用不定式，作宾语补足语，“那些艰难的岁月”译为those hard times。故填①(that/which) I leant on；②to get through those hard times。
68. reflect people’s wishes, faiths, beliefs
考查动词和名词。对照原文和译文可知，句中缺少“反映了人类的愿望、信仰、信念”，其中“反映”是谓语动词，可用动词reflect，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“人类的愿望、信仰、信念”是宾语，“人类的”用所有格people’s表示，“愿望、信仰、信念”分别用名词wish, faith, belief表示，结合句意，都应用复数形式。故填reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths。
【答案】My Favorite Traditional Chinese Festival
Hello, everyone! It’s my honor to speak here. Today I want to talk about my favorite traditional Chinese festival — the Spring Festival.
The Spring Festival, which is the most significant traditional festivals in China, falls on the eve of the lunar New Year and lasts fifteen days. There are a variety of activities taking place during the Spring Festival. What matters most is that all family members will return to their hometowns for a traditional family reunion and have a big dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival. People also watch TV gala until the clock strikes 12 and then set off fireworks to welcome the New Year. During the next fifteen days, people pay a visit to relatives and friends, giving each other their best wishes.
While celebrating the Spring Festival, families can not only reunite but also experience and enjoy traditional Chinese culture. That’s why I like it best.
That’s all. Thanks for your listening!
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生撰写一篇主题为“My favorite traditional Chinese festival”的英语演讲稿。
1. 词汇积累
回到：return to→go back to
重要的：significant→important
拜访：pay a visit to =visit
各种各样的：a variety of→varieties of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：There are a variety of activities taking place during the Spring Festival.
拓展句：There are a variety of activities that/which take place during the Spring Festival.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] The Spring Festival, which is the most significant traditional festivals in China, falls on the eve of the lunar New Year and lasts fifteen days. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] There are a variety of activities taking place during the Spring Festival. (运用了现在分词短语作定语)