湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题含答案

这是一份湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题含答案，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
“Yu can either travel r read, but either yur bdy r yur sul must be n the way.” The ppular saying has inspired many peple t read r g sightseeing. Here are fur bks that yu can take n yur trip.
On the Rad, 1957, by Jack Keruac
The bk is a ppular spiritual guidebk abut yuth. The main character in the bk drives acrss the US cntinent with several yung peple and finally reaches Mexic. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the bk begin t realize the meaning f life.
Life Is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera
Jean-Jacques Russeau nce said, “Man is brn free, and everywhere he is in chains.” The bk describes a yung artist’s rmantic but miserable life, abut hw he reads, dreams and has a relatinship during his trip t Central Eurpe. The bk invites yu t deeply reflect n yur current life and t hnr the Czech-brn writer Kundera.
My Name Is Red, 1998, by Orhan Pamuk
The bk, a masterpiece f the Nbel Prize winner fr Literature Orhan Pamuk, has been translated int mre than 50 languages and published arund the wrld. It tells a stry f a yung man, wh was away frm hme fr 12 years, cming back t his hmetwn in Istanbul. What embraces him is nt nly lve, but a series f murder cases as well.
The Unlikely Pilgrimage f Harld Fry, 2013, by Rachel Jyce
The nvel tells a stry f a 60-year-ld man wh lived a bring and unhappy life, until ne day, he received his ld friend’s letter wh gt cancer. In deep shck and srrw, he went ut t send his reply letter. 627 miles in 87 days, he walked depending n ne belief that “his friend can survive as lng as he walks”.
1. Whse bk inspires readers t rethink their wn life?
A. Jack Keruac.B. Milan Kundera.C. Orhan Pamuk.D. Rachel Jyce.
2. Accrding t the article, which bk has been sld glbally?
A. On the Rad.B. Life Is Elsewhere.
C. My Name Is Red.D. The Unlikely Pilgrimage f Harld Fry.
3. What can we knw frm The Unlikely Pilgrimage f Harld Fry?
A. The main character expects his friend t live lnger.
B. The main character lives a rmantic but miserable life.
C. The main character suffers frm cancer.
D. The main character mtivates many peple t g sightseeing.
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本书的情况，包括作者、时间和大概内容。
1. 细节理解题。根据Life Is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera部分中“The bk invites yu t deeply reflect n yur current life and t hnr the Czech-brn writer Kundera.(这本书邀请你对你现在的生活进行深刻的反思，并向捷克出生的作家昆德拉致敬)”可知，米兰·昆德拉所撰写的《生活在别处》激励读者重新思考自己的生活。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据My Name Is Red, 1998, by Orhan Pamuk部分中“The bk, a masterpiece f the Nbel Prize winner fr Literature Orhan Pamuk, has been translated int mre than 50 languages and published arund the wrld.(这本书是诺贝尔文学奖得主奥尔罕·帕慕克的代表作，已被翻译成50多种语言在世界各地出版)”可知，奥尔罕·帕慕克所撰写的《我的名字叫红》在全球销售。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据The Unlikely Pilgrimage f Harld Fry, 2013, by Rachel Jyce部分中的“The nvel tells a stry f a 60-year-ld man wh lived a bring and unhappy life, until ne day, he received his ld friend’s letter wh gt cancer. In deep shck and srrw, he went ut t send his reply letter. 627 miles in 87 days, he walked depending n ne belief that “his friend can survive as lng as he walks”.(这部小说讲述了一个60岁的男人，他过着无聊和不快乐的生活，直到有一天，他收到了他的老朋友的信，他得了癌症。带着深深的震惊和悲伤，他出去写回信。他在87天里走了627英里，他的信念是“只要他一直走，他的朋友就能活下来”)”可推知，主人公希望他患病的朋友活得久一些，因而坚持了这段特殊的远足和“朝圣”之旅。故选A。
On 25 January each year, the natinal pet f Sctland, Rbert Burns, is celebrated. Burns, brn in 1759, became famus at the age f 25. His petry went n t becme famus arund the wrld. The pet died in 1796, aged 37. Burns Night began five years later when his friends gathered n what wuld have been his birthday, t celebrate his life.
The evening was held at Burns’s frmer hme, with events that are nw traditins. These include a feast, where smene reads Burns’s famus pem Address t a Haggis (a kind f sausage). After supper there are petry readings, Scttish dancing and singing, including Burns’s sng Auld Lang Syne.
Last year, Burns Night was a bit different because f the pandemic. In Allway, Sctland, a lcal radi presenter hsted a live webcast, The Burns Night In, at the huse where Rbert Burns was brn. Peple acrss the wrld just enjyed talks abut the pet and Scttish music.
The Centre fr Rbert Burns Studies at the University f Glasgw invited 2, 500 clubs, schls, and universities in 150 cuntries t share their plans fr Burns Night n scial media. They used the infrmatin t make a map f the celebratins which stretched frm Antarctica t Suth Krea. “He’s a pet wh travels very well,” said Pauline Mackay, a leading prfessr at Glasgw University. “He culd write very seriusly, but als with great humur,” she explained, adding that the sng Auld Lang Syne is all abut friendship and unity.
In a slightly mre unusual celebratin, a Scttish butcher psted a shrt vide nline in which he attached a haggis t a weather balln, flying t the edge f space. “After a year like n ther, we wanted t kick ff 2022 by lifting the spirits f the general public,” he said.
4. When was Burns Night first celebrated?
A. On January 25th, 1759.
B. On the day Burns became famus in 1784.
C. On Rbert Burns’s last day in 1796.
D. On Rbert Burns’s birthday in 1801.
5. What can we learn abut the traditin f Burns Night?
A. It is celebrated in Sctland each year nline.
B. It includes supper and petry readings.
C. It usually ends with the sng Auld Lang Syne.
D. It began with his pem Address t a Haggis in 1800.
6. What can we infer frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Burns’s ppularity pssibly lies in his writing style.
B. The Center has 2,500 clubs, schls, and scieties.
C. A butcher kicked ff a haggis t celebrate Burns Night.
D. Rbert Burns traveled frm Antarctica t Suth Krea.
7. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. Petry f Rbert Burns.B. Traditins f The Burns Night In.
C. Burns Night celebrated nline.D. The natinal pet f Sctland.
【答案】4．D
5．B
6．A
7．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。主要记录了因为疫情，一年一度纪念苏格兰民族诗人罗伯特·彭斯的“彭斯之夜”在去年改为线上活动，以及纪念活动的具体内容。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The pet died in 1796, aged 37. Burns Night began five years later when his friends gathered n what wuld have been his birthday, t celebrate his life.(这位诗人死于1796年，终年37岁。彭斯之夜开始于五年后他的朋友们聚在一起庆祝他的生日之时)”可知，首次举办彭斯之夜是在罗伯特·彭斯去世五年后，即1801年诗人生日之际。故选D。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“After supper there are petry readings, Scttish dancing and singing, including Burns’s sng Auld Lang Syne. (晚餐后，有诗歌朗诵，苏格兰舞蹈和歌唱，包括伯恩斯的歌曲《友谊地久天长》)”可知，彭斯之夜的庆祝仪式中包含了晚餐和诗歌朗诵会。故选B。
6. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“He culd write very seriusly, but als with great humur.(他的写作风格既严肃又幽默)”可知，彭斯的写作风格既严肃又幽默，由此可知，他受人们欢迎可能在于他的写作风格。故选A。
7. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Last year, Burns Night was a bit different because f the pandemic. In Allway, Sctland, a lcal radi presenter hsted a live webcast, The Burns Night In, at the huse where Rbert Burns was brn.(由于疫情，去年的彭斯之夜有点不同。在苏格兰的阿洛维，一个当地电台主持人在罗伯特·彭斯出生的房子里主持了一个网络直播节目’彭斯之夜’)”可知，文章前两个自然段是背景内容介绍，介绍人物的基本背景和以往在彭斯故居现场庆祝的流程，后三个自然段着重介绍了受到疫情影响，去年的纪念活动改为线上举行，和纪念活动的具体内容。故本文主要介绍了这次别开生面的“在线彭斯之夜”。故选C。
The wish t capture the wnder f nature n a smartphne r camera is understandable. Peple like the beauty f nature and als want t share with their fllwers, friends and family, but ur relatinship with the utdrs shuld nt be centered arund scial media. The “d it fr the ‘gram’” thught needs t be recnsidered.
Scial media has undubtedly helped attract mre visitrs t wild places. There are bth gd and bad sides that cme with an increased visitatin t these sites. Visiting nature and bserving wildlife can help peple feel mre cnnected t wild plants and animals. These experiences may encurage mre prtectin f natural spaces. Yet increased traffic t these sites has als caused them harm. Spaces that are ill-equipped t deal with t many visits experience envirnmental degradatin, which in turn can endanger thse wh take phts by putting them in dangerus situatins. Search and rescue cases have increased by 38% in the last few years in LA Cunty, sme f which were cnnected t adventurers trying t capture phts fr their scial media. Deadly falls in the utdrs can and shuld be avided with less phtgraphing fr scial media.
Recently, ne highly visited natural site stpped phtgraphy-nly turs. Antelpe Canyn in Page, Arizna, will n lnger be allwing visits that are centered arund cameras. Handheld phnes will still be allwed, but large tripds(三角架) and mnpds(独脚架) will nt be. This is a great first step that shuld be brught t ther natural settings, especially in places that have already been cmpletely phtgraphed by prfessinals.
It is necessary t free urselves frm technlgy every nce and a while. The unhealthy attachment t phtgraphy and scial media feeds has created prblems fr humans and nature, and shuld be replaced with practicing mindfulness while in the utdrs.
8. What des the underlined wrd “degradatin” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Change.B. Destructin.C. Cnstructin.D. Depressin.
9. What has been the result f visitrs taking phts f nature accrding t the passage?
A. Serius traffic prblems.B. Unnecessary travel csts.
C. Sme unexpected deaths.D. Their watching fewer scenes.
10. What des the authr suggest natural sites d?
A. Limit the number f visitrs.B. Fllw Antelpe Canyn’s lead.
C. Warn visitrs t take fewer phts.D. Just allw prfessinal phtgraphing.
11. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Learn frm prfessinal phtgraphers
B. Nature will punish thse wh damage it
C. Phts f nature are ppular n scial media
D. Dn’t endanger yurself and nature fr scial media
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．B
11．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了参观大自然以及发布照片可能会鼓励人们保护环境，但是对摄影和社交媒体的不健康依赖给人类和自然带来了问题。
8. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Spaces that are ill-equipped t deal with t many visits experience envirnmental degradatin, which in turn can endanger thse wh take phts by putting them in dangerus situatins.”（没有足够的设备来容纳太多游客的地方经历着环境恶化，这反过来也会把那些拍照的人置于危险的境地。）可知，此处degradatin指的是环境的恶化。A. change改变；B. destructin破坏；C. cnstructin建设；D. depressin沮丧，萧条。故选B项。
9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“sme f which were cnnected t adventurers trying t capture phts fr their scial media. Deadly falls in the utdrs can and shuld be avided with less phtgraphing fr scial media.”（其中一些救援案例与冒险家试图为他们的社交媒体拍摄照片有关。在户外，致命的摔倒可以而且应该通过少为社交媒体拍照片来避免。）可知，游客拍摄大自然的照片可能导致一些意外死亡。故选C项。
10. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Antelpe Canyn in Page, Arizna, will n lnger be allwing visits that are centered arund cameras.”（亚利桑那州佩吉的羚羊峡谷将不再允许以摄像机为中心的参观。）以及第四句“This is a great first step that shuld be brught t ther natural settings, especially in places that have already been cmpletely phtgraphed by prfessinals.”（这是应该被引入到其他自然环境的伟大的第一步，特别是在那些已经完全由专业人士拍摄的地方。）可知，作者建议自然景点效仿羚羊峡谷这一景点的做法。故选B项。
11. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章论述参观大自然以及发布照片可能会让人们意识到要保护环境，但是也给人类和自然带来了危害。文章最后一段第二句前半部分“The unhealthy attachment t phtgraphy and scial media feeds has created prblems fr humans and nature”（对摄影和社交媒体的不健康依赖给人类和自然带来了问题）点明了主题，D项“Dn’t endanger yurself and nature fr scial media”（不要为了社交媒体危害你自己和大自然）紧扣主题。故选D项。
If Mars were the ppular kid in schl, Venus（金星）wuld be the unwelcme ne sitting in the crner, largely ignred. Venus has nearly the same mass and size as Earth, but being clser t the sun, it gets nearly twice as much heat frm the sun.
Hwever, instead f having a climate that is just a warmer versin f Earth’s, Venus’s surface and atmsphere are unbearable: cluds f sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet, while at grund level, it is ht enugh t melt lead. Despite this, there is nw a sign that Venus may harbur life.
Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her clleagues recently detected phsphine (磷化氢) in Venus’s atmsphere, with ne ptential explanatin that it is the by-prduct f bilgy. That is because the nly way this gas is made n Earth is in labratries r by micrbes (微生物). Thugh this desn't mean it was prduced by life n Venus, attempts t find nn-bilgical explanatins fr its presence have s far failed.
Our best way f cnfirming r rejecting the pssibility f life n Venus is t g and have a prper lk. While Mars has been the fcus f interplanetary explratin effrts lately, the phsphine discvery lets peple lk at Venus in a new light. As NASA administratr Jim Bridenstine tweeted: “It’s time t priritize Venus.”
In the mnths and years t cme, cmputer simulatins will be used t further study the pssible chemistries f the atmsphere n Venus. Mre labratry experiments will be cnducted t try t identify ther ways the phsphine there culd be prduced. Hwever, there is n guarantee that these effrts will reveal the true nature f this substance n Venus. A newly-prpsed strategy is t directly sample the atmsphere and surface f Venus. By ding s, we wuld be able t take direct measurements f phsphine.
The discvery f phsphine in Venus's atmsphere is a great accmplishment. The scientific effrts may be just what we need t finally refcus n this neglected wrld. Pssibly, the quiet kid in the crner may get the last laugh.
12. Which descriptin abut Venus is nt true?
A. It is almst as large as Earth.
B. It has nearly the same mass as Earth.
C. It has a warmer Earth-like climate.
D. It has the unbearable surface and atmsphere.
13. What can the discvery f phsphine n Venus indicate?
A. This kind f gas is very cmmn.
B. There might exist signs f life.
C. Many prducts can be made with it.
D. Experiments were nce cnducted there.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. The appraches t explring phsphine.
B. The imprtance f bservatins.
C. The pwer f cmputer simulatins.
D. The necessity t analyse phsphine.
15. Which can best describe the authr’s attitude t the explratin f Venus?
A. Casual.B. Cautius.C. Supprtive.D. Dubtful.
【答案】12．C
13．B
14．A
15．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。随着磷化氢被发现在金星，科学家们相信金星上可能孕育着生命。
12. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Hwever, instead f having a climate that is just a warmer versin f Earth’s, Venus’s surface and atmsphere are unbearable: cluds f sulphuric acid (硫酸) blanket the planet, while at grund level, it is ht enugh t melt lead.”（然而，金星的气候并不像地球那样温暖，金星的表面和大气层令人难以忍受：硫酸云覆盖了整个行星，而在地面上，温度高到足以融化铅。）由此可知，C选项“金星有像地球一样温暖的气候”错误。故选C项。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite this, there is nw a sign that Venus may harbur life.”（尽管如此，现在有迹象表明金星可能孕育生命）根据第三段“Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her clleagues recently detected phsphine (磷化氢) in Venus’s atmsphere, with ne ptential explanatin that it is the by-prduct f bilgy.”（英国卡迪夫大学的简·格里夫斯和她的同事最近在金星的大气层中发现了磷化氢，一种可能的解释是，它是生物的副产品）由此可知，磷化氢的发现表明金星上可能有生命的迹象。故选B项。
14. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“In the mnths and years t cme, cmputer simulatins will be used t further study the pssible chemistries f the atmsphere n Venus. Mre labratry experiments will be cnducted t try t identify ther ways the phsphine there culd be prduced. Hwever, there is n guarantee that these effrts will reveal the true nature f this substance n Venus. A newly-prpsed strategy is t directly sample the atmsphere and surface f Venus. By ding s, we wuld be able t take direct measurements f phsphine.”（在未来的几个月和几年里，计算机模拟将被用来进一步研究金星大气可能的化学性质。将进行更多的实验室实验，试图确定生产磷化氢的其他方法。然而，不能保证这些努力会揭示金星上这种物质的真实性质。一个新提出的策略是直接对金星的大气层和表面进行取样。通过这样做，我们将能够直接测量磷化氢。）可知，第五段主要是关于探索磷化氢的方法。故选A项。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The discvery f phsphine in Venus's atmsphere is a great accmplishment. The scientific effrts may be just what we need t finally refcus n this neglected wrld. Pssibly, the quiet kid in the crner may get the last laugh.”（在金星大气中发现磷化氢是一项伟大的成就。科学努力可能正是我们最终重新关注这个被忽视的世界所需要的。也许，角落里安静的孩子会笑到最后。）由此判断出，作者对于探索金星持支持的态度。故选C项。
二、七选五
In the past decade r s, yu may have heard the term “grwth mindset” thrwn arund a lt. Many influencers and self-imprvement caches talk abut hw it is smething we shuld all be fighting fr with great effrts. ____16____ Here are a few ways yu can start training yur brain.
Start wrrying if yu’re wrking hard enugh.
As Dr. Dwek explains: “genius is nt enugh; we need t get the jb dne.” At the end f the day, des it really matter hw intelligent yu are if yu get the jb dne? Of curse nt. ____17____ Stp judging yur wrth based n hw smart yu see yurself t be, and start fcusing n trying yur best, learning alng the way, building a grwth mindset, and enjying the prcess.
____18____
Peple with fixed mindsets ften see failures as reflectins f their wn intelligence r skill, s they end up giving up when cnfrnted with disappintment. But instead f seeing failure as a negative thing, reframe it as an pprtunity t learn smething. If this set f actins resulted in failure, hw culd yu change things next time t result in success? This is a huge part f develping a grwth mindset.
Praise effrt rather than utcmes.
In Dr. Dwek’s bk, she writes: “after seven experiments with hundreds f children, we had sme f the clearest findings I’ve ever seen: ____19____ Children lve praise, especially t be praised fr their intelligence and talent. It really des give them a bst, a special glw, but nly fr the mment. The minute they encunter difficulties, their cnfidence ges ut the windw, and their mtivatin hits the bttm. If success means they’re smart, then failure means they’re dumb. ____20____
In whatever small ways yu can, begin t explre what it feels like t have a grwth mindset. With a grwth mindset, anything is pssible. Yu may just be surprised at all the amazing things yu accmplish.”
A. Reframe failures as learning pprtunities.
B. That’s the fixed mindset.
C. Hw can we develp a grwth mindset in urselves?
D. Praising children’s intelligence harms their mtivatin, and it harms their perfrmance.
E. Even if yu cngratulate yurself, yu may end up hurting lng term.
F. The mst imprtant thing is whether yu put in yur best effrt.
G. Take n new challenges.
【答案】16．C
17．F
18．A
19．D
20．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些训练大脑的方法。
16. 根据上文“In the past decade r s, yu may have heard the term “grwth mindset” thrwn arund a lt. Many influencers and self-imprvement caches talk abut hw it is smething we shuld all be fighting fr with great effrts.(在过去的十年里，你可能经常听到“成长心态”这个词。许多有影响力的人和自我提升的教练都说，这是我们应该努力争取的事情)”可知，此处提到“成长心态”，后文“Here are a few ways yu can start training yur brain.(这里有一些可以让你开始训练你的大脑的方式)”提到训练大脑是有方式的，由此可以推断出，空处与后文是一组自问自答的句子，放在第一段段尾，起到承上启下的过渡作用，故C选项“Hw can we develp a grwth mindset in urselves?(我们如何培养自己的成长心态？)”符合语境，故选C。
17. 根据本段标题“Start wrrying if yu’re wrking hard enugh.(开始担心你的工作是否足够努力)”以及上文“As Dr. Dwek explains: “genius is nt enugh; we need t get the jb dne.” At the end f the day, des it really matter hw intelligent yu are if yu get the jb dne? Of curse nt.(就像Dwek博士解释的：“光有天赋是不够的，我们需要完成任务”。说到底，如果你完成了工作，你有多聪明真的有那么重要吗？当然不是。)”可知，这是强调努力的重要性，你有多聪明不是最重要的，最重要的是你得付出努力，故F选项“The mst imprtant thing is whether yu put in yur best effrt.(最重要的是你是否尽了最大努力)”符合语境，承接上文，对上文“你有多聪明真的有那么重要吗？”做出具体解释，故选F。
18. 该空是本段小标题，根据本段内容“Peple with fixed mindsets ften see failures as reflectins f their wn intelligence r skill, s they end up giving up when cnfrnted with disappintment. But instead f seeing failure as a negative thing, reframe it as an pprtunity t learn smething. If this set f actins resulted in failure, hw culd yu change things next time t result in success? This is a huge part f develping a grwth mindset.(有固定心态的人经常把失败看作是自己智力或技能的反映，所以当他们面对失望时，他们最终会放弃。但是，不要把失败看作是一件消极的事情，而要把它看作是一个学习的机会。如果这一系列的行动导致了失败，下次你要如何改变才能取得成功呢？这是发展成长型思维的重要组成部分)”可知，本段主要是关于如何看待失败，强调把失败看作一个学习的机会。故A选项“Reframe failures as learning pprtunities.(将失败视为学习的机会)”符合语境，故选A。
19. 根据上文“In Dr. Dwek’s bk, she writes: “after seven experiments with hundreds f children, we had sme f the clearest findings I’ve ever seen(德维克博士在书中写道：“在对数百名儿童进行了7次实验后，我们有了一些我见过的最清晰的发现)”以及后文“Children lve praise, especially t be praised fr their intelligence and talent.(孩子们喜欢被表扬，尤其是被表扬他们的智力和才能)”可知，空前提出德维克博士有一些发现，空后具体描述了这一发现的内容，由此可知，空处承接上文，也是对德维克博士发现的具体描写，故D选项“Praising children’s intelligence harms their mtivatin, and it harms their perfrmance.(表扬孩子的智力会损害他们的积极性，也会影响他们的表现)”符合语境，故选D。
20. 根据上文“If success means they’re smart, then failure means they’re dumb.(如果成功意味着他们是聪明的，那么失败意味着他们是愚蠢的)”可知，空处应是承接上文，对上文这句话的延伸或总结，即B选项中That指代上文提到的这两种情况。故B选项“That’s the fixed mindset.(这是固定心态)”符合语境，故选B。
三、完形填空
Beer is the funder f United Hatzalah, a vlunteer-run rganizatin in Israel, dedicated t saving lives. Every year many peple die waiting fr an ambulance t arrive because the ambulance gt ___21___ in traffic r was simply t far away. Trying t slve this prblem by using mtrcycles, Beer ___22___ a team f vlunteers frm all ___23___ and stages f life and trained them t respnd t emergencies. He then gave each f them a mtrcycle equipped with medical ___24___. Then the vlunteer went ___25___ t their daily lives.
United Hatzalah has a call center staffed ___26___ by vlunteers. When smene calls t tell them f an emergency, they answer it in three secnds r less. Then Beer’s technlgy calculates which vlunteer is clsest t the ___27___. As sn as that vlunteer is ntified, he r she ___28___ everything and rushes ver.
When a vlunteer arrives, he r she ___29___ CPR(心肺复苏) if necessary, and uses the medical equipment in the mtrcycle t help the ___30___. The gal is ___31___: Keep the patient alive until the regular ambulance arrives. Accrding t Beer, an ambulance’s average respnse time is 12 t 15 minutes, while United Hatzalah vlunteers ___32___ in three.
United Hatzalah’s medical care is ___33___ fr patients because it’s run mstly by vlunteers, and dnatins cver the ___34___ f supplies and staff. It clearly shws the ___35___ f individuals willing t use their abilities t help thers.
21. A. lstB. crashedC. hitD. stuck
22. A. jinedB. wrkedC. emplyedD. gathered
23. A. prfessinsB. structuresC. levelsD. titles
24. A. recrdsB. demandsC. rdersD. supplies
25. A. alneB. backC. ffD. dwn
26. A. entirelyB. secretlyC. prbablyD. finally
27. A. stageB. sceneC. sightD. shw
28. A. drpsB. reservesC. finishesD. stres
29. A. carriesB. suggestsC. perfrmsD. treats
30. A. tiredB. injuredC. attackedD. endangered
31. A. easyB. achievableC. simpleD. unique
32. A. cme upB. end upC. shw upD. stay up
33. A. enughB. readyC. pricelessD. free
34. A. rewardB. cstC. salaryD. incme
35. A. pwerB. exampleC. curageD. energy
【答案】21．D
22．D
23．A
24．D
25．B
26．A
27．B
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．C
32．C
33．D
34．B
35．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以色列一个致力于拯救生命的志愿者组织“United Hatzalah”，介绍了创立者创立它的原因以及其运作方式和优点。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年都有许多人在等救护车到来时死亡，因为救护车被堵在路上或太远了。A. lst失去；B. crashed坠毁；C. hit打击；D. stuck卡住。根据后文“in traffic r was simply t far away”指救护车被堵在路上，应用get stuck in。故选D。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了用摩托车解决这个问题，比尔召集了一支志愿者队伍，他们是来自各行各业的专业人员，并训练他们如何应对紧急情况。A. jined加入；B. wrked工作；C. emplyed雇佣；D. gathered聚集。根据上文“Beer is the funder f United Hatzalah”和后文“a team f vlunteers frm all”可知，比尔召集了一支志愿者队伍，故选D。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了用摩托车解决这个问题，比尔召集了一支志愿者队伍，他们是来自各行各业的专业人员，并训练他们如何应对紧急情况。A. prfessins专业；B. structures结构；C. levels水平；D. titles标题。根据后文“and stages f life”可知比尔召集的都是来自各行各业的专业人员。故选A。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他给他们每人一辆配有医疗用品的摩托车。A. recrds记录；B. demands要求；C. rders订单；D. supplies供应，供给。呼应后文“f supplies and staff”指每人一辆配有医疗用品的摩托车。故选D。
25. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，志愿者回到了他们的日常生活中。A. alne独自；B. back回来；C. ff脱离；D. dwn向下。结合后文“t their daily lives”指志愿者回到日常生活，随时待命，应用g back t“回到……”。故选B。
26. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：联合哈扎拉有一个完全由志愿者组成的呼叫中心。A. entirely完全地；B. secretly秘密地；C. prbably可能；D. finally最后。根据上文“Beer is the funder f United Hatzalah, a vlunteer-run rganizatin in Israel”可知，联合哈扎拉有一个完全由志愿者组成的呼叫中心。故选A。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，比尔的技术计算出哪个志愿者离现场最近。A. stage舞台；B. scene现场，场景；C. sight视力；D. shw展示，表演。根据上文“When smene calls t tell them f an emergency, they answer it in three secnds r less.”可知，指计算出哪个志愿者离现场最近，方便赶过去提供帮助。故选B。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦志愿者接到通知，他或她就会放下手头的一切，冲过来。A. drps放下，下降；B. reserves预订；C. finishes结束；D. stres储存。根据后文“everything and rushes ver”指放下手头的一切，过去支援。故选A。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一名志愿者到达时，他或她会在必要时进行心肺复苏术，并使用摩托车上的医疗设备帮助伤者。A. carries携带；B. suggests建议；C. perfrms实施；D. treats对待。根据后文CPR指进行心肺复苏术，应用perfrm。故选C。
30. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一名志愿者到达时，他或她会在必要时进行心肺复苏术，并使用摩托车上的医疗设备帮助伤者。A. tired疲惫的；B. injured受伤的；C. attacked被攻击的；D. endangered濒临灭绝的。根据上文“uses the medical equipment in the mtrcycle t help the”可知使用医疗设备帮助的是伤者。故选B。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目标很简单：让病人活到常规救护车到达。A. easy容易的；B. achievable可完成的；C. simple简单的；D. unique独特的。根据后文“Keep the patient alive until the regular ambulance arrives.”可知志愿者们的目标很简单：让病人活到常规救护车到达。故选C。
32. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据比尔的说法，救护车的平均反应时间是12到15分钟，而联合哈扎拉的志愿者只需要3分钟。A. cme up走近；B. end up结束；C. shw up露面；D. stay up熬夜。根据上文内容可知，此处指志愿者出现在现场只需要三分钟的时间，比常规救护车时间短。故选C。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合哈扎拉的医疗服务对病人是免费的，因为它主要是由志愿者运营的，捐赠支付了用品和工作人员的费用。A. enugh足够的；B. ready准备好的；C. priceless无价的；D. free免费的，自由的。根据后文“because it’s run mstly by vlunteers”可知，因为它主要是由志愿者运营的，所以是免费的。故选D。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：联合哈扎拉的医疗服务对病人是免费的，因为它主要是由志愿者运营的，捐赠支付了用品和工作人员的费用。A. reward奖励；B. cst花费；C. salary工资；D. incme收入。根据上文“dnatins cver”和后文“f supplies and staff”指支付了用品和工作人员的费用，应用cst。故选B。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它清楚地显示了愿意用自己的能力帮助他人的个人的力量。A. pwer力量；B. example例子；C. curage勇气；D. energy能量。根据后文“f individuals willing t use their abilities t help thers”可知指显示了愿意用自己的能力帮助他人的个人的力量。故选A。
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is knwn fr its brilliant civilizatin that ____36____(cntinue) since the ancient times despite the many ups and dwns in its histry. It is ____37____(wide) accepted that ne f the reasns has been the Chinese writing system.
Several thusand years ag written Chinese was nly symbls ____38____(carve) n animal bnes r shells. During the Shang Dynasty, these symbls became a well-develped writing system in a ____39____(varius) f frms. This, hwever, changed in the Qin Dynasty. Emperr Qin Shihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry ____40____ the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin. That writing system was ____41____ great imprtance in uniting the Chinese peple and culture.
Written Chinese als serves as a vital way ____42____(cnnect) China’s present with its past. Peple in mdern times can learn abut the ancient Chinese by reading their classic wrks r ____43____(appreciate) Chinese calligraphy.
Tday, with China playing ____44____ greater rle in glbal affairs, the Chinese writing system has established _____45_____(it) as a windw thrugh which mre and mre internatinal students can access China’s culture and histry.
【答案】36. has cntinued
37. widely
38. carved
39. variety
40. where##s##and
41. f
42. t cnnect
43. appreciating
44. a
45. itself
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国文字的历史，及其现实意义。
36. 考查时态的主谓一致。句意：中国以其灿烂的文明而闻名于世，尽管历史上经历了许多风风雨雨，但它一直延续至今。分析句子可知，空格处为定语从句中的谓语，根据时间状语since the ancient times可知，用现在完成时，结构为have/has dne，关系代词that，用作从句主语，代替的先行词its brilliant civilizatin为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has cntinued。
37. 考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，其中一个原因是中国的文字体系。修饰动词accepted，应用wide的副词形式。故填widely。
38. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年前，汉字只是刻在动物骨头或贝壳上的符号。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语，动词carve和所修饰的名词symbls之间为被动关系，应用其过去分词carved作后置定语。故填carved。
39. 考查名词。句意：在商代，这些符号以各种形式成为一种非常发达的书写系统。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填vary的（可数）名词单数形式，a variety f“各种各样的”是固定短语。故填variety。
40. 考查定语从句以及连词。句意：秦始皇统一了七个主要国家，中国的文字系统开始朝一个方向发展。分析句子可知，空格处可以引导定语从句，先行词为ne unified cuntry，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语；前文“Emperr Qin Shihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry”和后文“the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin.”之间可以看作是因果关系，可用连词s，也可以看作并列关系，可用连词and。故填where/s/ and。
41. 考查介词。句意：那个文字系统对于团结中国人民和文化非常重要。“f+抽象名词”相当于形容词，f great imprtance相当于very imprtant，作表语，符合句意。故填f。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意：书面汉语也是连接中国现在和过去的重要途径。名词way后可接动词不定式作后置定语，a way t d sth.意为“做某事的方式或方法”，符合句意。故填t cnnect。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现代人可以通过阅读他们的经典作品或欣赏中国书法来了解中国古代。根据空格前“by reading their classic wrks r”可知，此处应用appreciate的动名词形式和reading并列，作介词by的宾语。故填appreciating。
44. 考查冠词。句意：今天，随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用，中国文字系统已成为越来越多的国际学生了解中国文化和历史的窗口。play a rle in“起作用于”是固定短语，rle是可数名词单数，应用不定冠词限定，因所连接的形容词比较级greater发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
45. 考查代词。句意：今天，随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用，中国文字系统已成为越来越多的国际学生了解中国文化和历史的窗口。establish“确立；得到认可”是及物动词，其动作对象就是主语the Chinese writing system自身，所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填itself。
五、其他应用文
46．假定高一年级将于各班举办一次英文班会，号召同学们保护树木、节约资源。请你用英文写一篇发言稿。内容包括：
1. 保护森林资源的必要性；
2. 从不同角度提出保护森林资源的具体措施。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：滥砍滥伐 defrestatin
Hell, everyne! I’d like t share my views n prtecting the frests. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Hell, everyne! I’d like t share my views n prtecting the frests. As yu might knw, defrestatin has becme a grwing cncern wrldwide. It is high time that we tk this issue seriusly.
Frests are f great significance as they prduce ver 20% the Earth’s xygen, and huse an incredible variety f wildlife. S, what can we d t make a difference? T begin with, the lcal cmmunities ught t develp sustainable agriculture. That way, it is mre likely t achieve a balance between frest prtectin and ecnmic develpment. In additin, it is essential fr the gvernment t utlaw excessive defrestatin. As fr us, we shuld raise ur awareness f cnserving frest resurces. Fr instance, we can start frm reducing ur daily cnsumptin f paper.
Frests are critical t the survival f every living thing n the Earth. Let’s jin hands t ensure a greener planet fr the generatins t cme!
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定高一年级将于各班举办一次英文班会，号召同学们保护树木、节约资源。请你用英文写一篇发言稿。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
观点：view→pinin
各种各样的：variety f→varius
重要的：be f great significance→be significant
此外：in additin→besides
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：T begin with, the lcal cmmunities ught t develp sustainable agriculture. That way, it is mre likely t achieve a balance between frest prtectin and ecnmic develpment.
拓展句：T begin with, the lcal cmmunities ught t develp sustainable agriculture, in which way, it is mre likely t achieve a balance between frest prtectin and ecnmic develpment.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] It is high time that we tk this issue seriusly. (运用了虚拟语气)
[高分句型2] In additin, it is essential fr the gvernment t utlaw excessive defrestatin. (运用了it作形式主语)
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There was n sign that the earthquake was cming.
A 7.8 magnitude (震级) quake almst flattened the city, killing ver thusands f lives in less than a few minutes.
In the midst f destructin and chas, a father left his wife securely at hme and rushed t the schl where his sn Daniel was suppsed t be, nly t discver that the building was as flat as a pancake.
After the upsetting shck, he remembered the prmise he had made t Daniel: “N matter what, I’ll always be there fr yu!” And tears began t fill his eyes. He lked at the pile f ruins that nce was the schl. Everything lked hpeless, but he kept remembering his cmmitment t his sn.
He began t cncentrate n where he walked his sn t class at schl each mrning. Remembering his sn’s classrm wuld be in the back right crner f the building, he rushed there and started digging thrugh the stnes and bricks.
As he was digging, ther anxius parents arrived, heartbrken, shuting desperately: “Mary!” “Sam!”
Sme ther well-meaning parents tried t pull him ff what was left f the schl, saying: “It’s t late!” “They’re dead!” “Yu can’t help!” “G hme!” “Cme n! There’s nthing yu can d here!” “Yu’re just ging t make things wrse!”
T each parent he respnded with ne line: “Are yu ging t help me nw?”
And then he cntinued t dig fr his sn, stne by stne.
Sme firefighters shwed up and tried t pull him ff the schl’s ruins, saying, “Fires are breaking ut, and explsins are happening everywhere. Yu’re in danger. We’ll take care f it. Just g hme!” T which this lving, determined father asked, “Are yu ging t help me nw?”
The fire chief replied, “Yu’re angry and wrried. I get it. But yu are nt helping by staying here. Just g hme. We will help yu find yur sn!” T which he replied, “But I prmised my sn I’ll always be there fr him.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Curageusly, he went alne because he needed t knw fr himself: “Is my by alive r is he dead?” _________________________________________________________________
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“I’m fine. There are 13 ther kids dwn here, Dad,” Daniel replied. _______________
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【答案】Curageusly, he went alne because he needed t knw fr himself: “Is my by alive r is he dead?” He dug fr hurs and hurs. His hands were mushy and he culd nly see well in flashes. Right befre he was abut t pass ut, he pulled back a large runded rck and heard his sn’s vice. He screamed his sn’s name, “DANIEL!” A respnse came frm belw, “Dad? It’s me, Dad!” This must be the mst beautiful vice he’s ever heard in his whle life! “What’s ging n in there? Hw is it?” the father asked anxiusly.
“I’m fine. There are 13 ther kids dwn here, Dad,” Daniel replied. “We’re scared, hungry, and thirsty. When the building cllapsed, it made a triangle and saved us.” The father realized that this was a tricky situatin. He culdn’t risk causing anther cllapse dwn there. Frtunately, the firefighters were just nearby. The father shuted t the fire chief and signalled t them t cme ver. Then, the father helped the firefighters cautiusly remve the rcks and pulled ut the kids ne by ne. When everyne was safe and sund, Daniel threw himself int his father’s arms: “Yu did it, Dad! N matter what, I knw yu’ll be there fr me!”
【解析】
【导语】
本文以认人物为线索展开，讲述了一座城市发生了7.8级的地震，地震几乎把这座城市夷为平地。在一片混乱中，一位父亲冲去学校救自己的儿子，因为他曾向儿子承诺“无论发生什么，他都会永远在儿子身边”。学校已经成为一片废墟，但他仍然不停地在废墟中寻找，好心的家长和消防队员试图劝他停止寻找，但他仍不放弃。
【详解】
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他勇敢地独自面对，因为他自己需要知道：“我的孩子是活着还是死了？””可知，第一段可描写这位父亲寻找儿子的过程及他是否找到了儿子。
②由第二段首句内容““我很好。爸爸，下面还有13个孩子，”丹尼尔回答。”可知，第二段可描写儿子获救及获救后父子二人的互动。
2. 续写线索：继续寻找——听到儿子的声音——询问儿子的处境——还有13个孩子——儿子获救——父子互动
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①.昏倒：pass ut/fall dwn in a faint
②.倒塌：cllapse/tpple dwn
③.导致：cause/lead t
情绪类
①.焦急地：anxiusly/nervusly
②.害怕的：scared/afraid
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Right befre he was abut t pass ut, he pulled back a large runded rck and heard his sn’s vice.（由befre引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. The father realized that this was a tricky situatin.（由that引导的宾语从句）