Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语

一、过去分词作定语

1.过去分词作定语时的意义

通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。

Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work.

由我带大的她的那个女儿已经开始工作了。(及物动词短语；被动、完成)

The wind swept the fallen leaves.风刮走了落叶。(不及物动词；完成)

2.过去分词作定语时的位置

(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的词后面，此时，它相当于定语从句。

(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。

He told me that this was the wounded soldier.

他告诉我这就是那个受伤的士兵。

Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books(＝which is filled with books).

靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。

There has been nothing changed in London since I left it two years ago.

自从我两年前离开伦敦后，它就一直没有什么变化。

[名师提醒]

(1)有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。

the room left　　所剩的空间　　the people concerned　　有关人士

(2)某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。

well­behaved children　　　　　　　 规规矩矩的孩子

a widely­traveled businessman   一个游历广泛的商人

newly­arrived visitors  新来的参观者

3.过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语的区别

二、过去分词作宾语补足语

1.过去分词和宾语之间的关系

及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语通常为被动关系；少数不及物动词(如fall，go，change等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时仅表示动作的完成；seat，hide，dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时一般表示宾语的状态，不表示被动或完成。

I had my watch repaired.我修理了我的手表。

When she woke up, she found the world changed.

她醒来后，发现世界变了个样。

When I came in, I found the boy hidden behind the door.

我进来时发现这个男孩藏在门后面。

2.过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况

(1)过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等后面，构成“keep/leave＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。

With English words getting popular, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups：“For” and “Against”.随着英语单词越来越流行，一部中国字典收集了239个，这让公众分成了相反的两组：一组支持，另外一组反对。

(2)用在表示“致使”意义的动词后面，构成“have/get/make＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。

They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.

他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。(表示“让某事被别人做”。)

He is trying to make himself understood.他在努力把自己的意思说清楚。

(3)用在感官动词或表示心理状态的动词后面。如：see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice等，构成“see/watch...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。

She felt a great weight taken off her mind.她觉得心里轻松多了。

The next morning people found the outside world completely changed.

第二天早上，人们发现外面的世界全变了。

(4)用在表示爱憎、意愿等动词后面，如like，hate，want，wish等，构成“like/hate...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。

I wish the problem settled at the meeting.我希望这个问题在会议上被解决。

(5)用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语与过去分词在逻辑上存在被动关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。

With many brightly colored flowers planted around it, her house looks like a beautiful garden.

由于周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，她的房子看上去就像一个漂亮的花园。

[巩固内化1]　

请判断下列句中加黑部分属于哪种情况

A.只表被动　　　B.只表完成

C.既表被动又表完成

①On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.B

②I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.A

③It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.C

[巩固内化2]　

用所给词的适当形式填空

①The adobe dwellings (土坯房)built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.

②The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions.

③I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

[巩固内化3]　

用分词作定语补全句子

①Even though it is still in summer，there__are__many__fallen__leaves on the ground.

即使仍是夏天，地上有很多落叶。

②Nowadays there are a lot of man­made satellites flying__in__space.

如今在太空中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。

③There are many problems to__be__settled.有很多问题有待于解决。

[巩固内化4]　选择下列句中加黑部分之间的关系

A.表示被动关系

B.表示动作完成

C.表示宾语状态

①She found the necklace gone on her way home.B

②I found a girl seated in the corner, crying.C

③I had the letter posted.A

[巩固内化5]

用所给词的适当形式填空

①Back from his two­year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.

②Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed (wash).

③Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused (amuse) with her stories.

④With the problem solved (solve), the quality has been improved.

⑤The boss wouldn’t like the topic discussed (discuss) at the meeting.

⑥He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed (notice).

Ⅰ.补全句子

1.Tom saw a__broken__glass on the ground when he came into his room.

 汤姆走进房间时看到了地面上有一个打坏了的玻璃杯。

2.The bridge being__built is beneficial to us all.

正在建设的大桥对我们大家都有益。

3.The Internet keeps us__informed__of the latest news and also provides entertainment for us at home.

网络使我们在家就能了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐。

4.If you want to make yourself__respected,__you should first of all respect others.

如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重别人。

5.Addicted to computer games, he left much__homework__unfinished.

他沉迷于电脑游戏，很多作业没有做完。

6.With all__the__homework__finished,__we all went home.

所有的作业都完成了，我们都回家了。

7.Wherever we go, we will see this__kind__of__products__advertised.

无论我们到哪里，都会看到这种产品在做广告。

8.When he woke up，he found himself__surrounded__by a group of children.

当他醒来时，发现一群孩子围着他。

Ⅱ.用过去分词作定语或宾语补足语完成语段

The lake surrounded(包围)by beautiful natural landscape looked more beautiful.When finding it，the explorer was amazed at the beauty of the lake.Eating the homemade (家做的) bread with butter and honey, he was using the positioned (放置) telescope to admire the lake, which made him relaxed (放松) and pleased.