北师大版高中英语必修第二册Unit 5 HUMANS AND NATURE导学案+课件

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Part Ⅱ　Lesson 1　A Sea Story双基夯实·课前排查Ⅰ.核心单词拼写练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________________ adj. 好奇的2．________________ n. 观察；观察结果3．________________ adj. 相等的；相同的4．________________ n. 面积；长度；范围；程度5．________________ n. 海浪；波涛6．________________ vi. & vt. 逃离；逃避7．________________ vi. & vt. 活下来；幸存8．________________ adj. 受惊的，害怕的curiousobservationequalextentwaveescapesurvivefrightenedⅡ.阅读单词拼写练习：请根据所给的单词和词性写出词义1．file n. ________________2．poetry n. ________________3．soul n. ________________4．horrible adj. ________________5．edge n. ________________6．tube n. ________________档案，卷宗诗歌；作诗的艺术灵魂可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的边缘圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁教材助读·开放课堂About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. You think I am a very old man—but I am not. It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going[1] and got more fish than others. All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea. My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out “Moskoe－strom！” The moment[2] I heard the word I became very frightened. I knew what he meant by that one word well enough. [1]risk doing sth冒险做某事[2]the moment引导时间状语从句With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. We were hopeless. Nothing could save us. I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of[3] the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment passed, and I was still safe. [3]on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels. After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself. I then made three important observations. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like[4] a tube fell down more slowly. So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.[4]形状像……的，此处为过去分词短语作后置定语As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after that, the whirlpool became less wild. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the moon was shining. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were. In the end, a boat picked me up. I was very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable to recognise me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Now I have told you, and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did[5].[5]than引导比较状语从句，did＝believed me大约三年前，我遭遇了一件可怕的事情。那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。你以为我是个很老的人，但我不是。不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼，返回途中，突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的暴风雨中。我们的船被巨浪淹没了，我弟弟掉进了海里，我哥哥把嘴贴在我耳朵上，大喊：“Moskoe风暴！”一听到这个词，我恐惧至极，就听到这一个词我就明白他的意思了。伴随着风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。我们非常无助。没有什么能救我们。我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。看起来可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们在漩涡边缘的时候，我觉得自己比向它移动时更平静。我开始想，这样死去是多么令人惊奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。突然，我们越过了边缘。我以为我的生命要结束了。但时间一分一秒地过去，我仍然是安全的。船在巨大的漩涡里面，我们以极快的速度绕着圈子。我清楚地看到在漩涡里还有其他东西——树和桶。过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。然后我有三个重要的观察结果。第一，物体越大，下沉越快；第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更快；第三，在两个同样大小的物体之间，管状物体落得更慢。所以我把自己绑在一个桶上帮助我漂浮。我尽力让我哥哥也明白，但他太害怕了，留在了那条沉重的船上。我没继续等，就跳进了海里，尝试逃走。如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。在我离开后过了一会儿，那只载着我哥哥的船被卷入漩涡底部。没多久，漩涡就变得不那么疯狂了。然后天空放晴，风平静了下来，月亮在闪闪发光。我仍然跟木桶绑在一起，海浪很快把我带到了一个其他渔夫居住的地方。最后，一条船(上的人)把我救了起来。我疲惫至极。那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们已经认不出我了。当我告诉他们我的故事时，他们并不相信。现在故事讲完了，我并不指望你能比那些渔夫更相信我。核心突破·要点讲解►第一版块：重点词汇(1) escape vi. & vt. 逃离，逃避 n. 逃跑[合作探究]　体会escape的用法和意义The satellite is always escaping from/out of the earth only to be pulled back the same distance it has escaped by gravity.卫星总是要飞离地球，而结果却被地球引力拉了回来，拉回的距离与飞出的距离相同。He was lucky to escape being punished.他幸运地逃脱了惩罚。They had a narrow escape when a car crashed into their car.当一辆轿车撞上他们的车时，他们死里逃生。escape from 从……逃离escape to 逃至……escape/avoid responsibility 逃避/回避责任escape from reality 逃避现实escape from one's mind/memory 某事被某人忘记have a narrow escape 九死一生比较escape doing sth. 躲避做某事escape being done逃过被……He pretended to have fallen asleep to escape being punished．他假装睡着了，以逃避惩罚。 即学即练　完成句子①He _______________________ (死里逃生) in the car crash, which was lucky for him.②Any idea of ________________ (逃避现实) is foolish.③As an adult, you shouldn't ____________________ (逃避责任).④There is no way to __________ (逃避做) the work.⑤Some naughty boys wanted to escape ____________ (逃避惩罚).had a narrow escape from deathescaping from realityescape/avoid responsibilityescape doingbeing punished(2) survive vi. & vt. 活下来；幸存；　survivor幸存者；　survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物[合作探究]　体会survive的用法和意义Sadly, it is very difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild.令人沮丧的是，大熊猫在野外很难活下来。Life isn't about how to survive the storm; it's about learning to dance in the rain.生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中跳舞。If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival.如果他找不到走出森林的路，他生存的可能性很小。As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。survive the war/accident/flood/fire 在战争/事故/洪水/火灾中幸免survive the attack 在袭击中幸免于难survive the earthquake 在地震中幸免于难people who survive cancer 癌症幸存者survive from... 从……沿袭下来survive sb. by...years 比某人多活……年一言助记After he survived the earthquake, the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.这位老人在地震中幸存下来之后，他成了这个家庭中少数幸存者之一，他的幸存使他的老朋友们很高兴。即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子①That fashion has survived ________ the 1930s.②Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for ________ (survive) in an earthquake.③The troops went to the forest in search of the pilot who __________ (survive) the air crash.④Illegal hunting is threatening the ________ (survive) of the species.fromsurvivorshad survivedsurvival⑤Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us ________ (survive) is to live in harmony with nature.⑥The man's house lay in ruins in the earthquake. Luckily, he __________ (幸免于难).⑦She ________________ (比她姐姐多活……年) ten years.⑧Some interesting customs _______________ (留存下来) ancient times.to survivesurvived itsurvived her sister byhave survived from(3) float vi. 浮；漂 vt. 使漂浮；（使）漂流[合作探究]　体会float的用法和意义Wood floats on water.木头浮在水面上。The boy floated his toy boat in the shallow water.那男孩把玩具船放在浅水中漂浮。float along/down/past 沿着……漂流/漂过float in the sky 在空中飘浮着float down from 从……飘落 学法点拨float既可以表示“漂”，也可以表示“飘”，具体表示哪一个，要看语境。A leaf floated down from the tree and floated on the river.一片树叶从这棵树上飘落，在河上漂着。即学即练　完成句子①A couple of broken branches _________ (从……漂过) us.②I looked up at the clouds ______________ (空中飘浮的).③Leaves ___________ gently ______ (从……飘落) the trees.④The five­star red flags are _____________ (四处飘扬) in the city.floated pastfloating in the skyfloated downfromfloating around(4) frightened adj. 受惊的；害怕的(教材P31)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.我一听到这个词就非常害怕。[合作探究]　体会frightened的用法和意义A cry came from the frightened child.哭声来自受惊的孩子。She was frightened at what she saw.她对看到的事情感到恐惧。She was frightened of falling into the swimming pool.她害怕掉进游泳池。I am frightened to go out alone at night.我不敢晚上一个人出去。即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译①A sudden stop can be a very ___________ (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.②The graduate had her bag robbed and she still sounded ________ (frighten).③They were ________ to hear the ________ sound.(frighten)④With no one to turn to in such a ________ (frighten) situation, she felt very helpless.frighteningfrightenedfrightenedfrighteningfrightening⑤The ________ (frighten) expression on the boy's face showed that he was frightened ________ (look) down from the top of the building.⑥He respected his father very much but sometimes he ______________ (害怕) him.⑦这个女孩害怕在黑夜里一个人走回家。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________frightenedto lookwas frightened ofThe girl was frightened of walking home alone in the dark./The girl was frightened that she would walk home alone in the dark.(5) edge n．边缘 vt.慢慢移动；侧着移动；给……镶边；使锋利/开刃(教材P31)We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool.我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。[合作探究]　体会edge的用法和意义At the edge of lake, women were doing their washing.在湖边妇女们正在洗衣服。He is on edge as the exam approaches.考试临近，他焦躁不安。He has the edge on the other students in English because he spent a year abroad.他在国外住过一年，所以英语比其他学生都强。The old man's powerful words took the edge off the young man's arrogance.老人有力的话语挫败了年轻人的傲气。We edged the sofa into the room.我们把沙发侧着慢慢搬进了房间。at the edge of... 在……边上be on edge 焦躁不安have the edge on/over... 比……有利take the edge off 减弱；减轻edge sth. into... 侧着慢慢移进……edge toward... 挤向……edge in 插入；慢慢进入edge out 排挤出去 词语辨析at the edge of与on the edge of(1)at the edge of靠近……的边缘at the edge of the desert/woods/forest在沙漠/树林/森林边缘(2)on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)I was on the edge of a mental breakdown at that time.那时我正处在精神崩溃的边缘。 即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子①Billy sat ________ the edge of the bed, reading a storybook.②She is ________ the edge of despair.③The businessman is ____________ (濒临) failure.④He stood ___________ (在……边缘上) the lake staring into space.⑤Although the old man was _______________ (在死亡的边缘上), he still fought with the disease bravely.at/ononon the edge ofat the edge ofon the edge of death(6) curious adj.好奇的 curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心(教材P31)After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。[合作探究]　体会curious的用法和意义If a boy is curious, he is always asking questions.一个好奇的孩子总是要不断地提出问题。The boy is curious about everything.这个男孩对任何事情都很好奇。She is curious to know what happens.她好奇地要知道发生了什么事。be curious about... 对……感到好奇become curious about... 对……变得好奇be curious to do sth. 很想做某事It is curious that... ……真是奇怪out of curiosity 出于好奇词语积累curious adj.→curiosity n．好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作①The little boy stared at the creature ________ (curious).②Out of ________ (curious), I looked at the house up close and noticed a light on upstairs.③All the people aboard the plane were worried and they ________________ (很想知道) what had happened.④_____________ (……真是奇怪) she hasn't shown up since then.⑤He decided to travel through the desert by camel _____________ (出于好奇).⑥I'm ___________ (对……好奇) my grandpa's past life.⑦真奇怪，电脑无缘无故死机了。_______________________________________________________curiouslycuriositywere curious to knowIt is curious thatout of curiositycurious aboutIt is curious that the computer breaks down with no reason.(7) equal adj.相等的；相同的 n．同等的人；相等物 v．等于；比得上；敌得过(教材P31)．..the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly....……第二，在两个相同大小的物体之间，圆形物体下降得不太快……[合作探究]　体会equal的用法和意义Not all men are equal in ability.人的能力不全一样。I'm not equal to (doing) the task.我不能胜任这项任务。He is my equal in strength.他和我力气一样大。No one equals him in spelling.在拼写方面，无人能和他相比。be equal in 在……方面相等be equal to 与……相等；能胜任/应付be equal to the task 有能力承担这项任务equal opportunities/rights 平等的机会/权利be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比，无敌Two plus two equals four. 二加二等于四。equal the world record 平了世界纪录equal sb. in sth. 在某方面与某人匹配 词语积累equal＋­ity→equality n. 平等equal＋­ly→equally adv.相等地；同样地 即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空①They are of ___________ (一样高), but I think Jack _________ (胜任) the job.②They receive an income equal ________ the value of the goods they produce.③I don't think Jim is equal to __________ (transport) these valuable goods.④None of us can equal her, either ______ beauty or as a dancer.⑤The island is ________ (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.⑥I think he is the best painter. His paintings are ________ equal.equal heightis equal tototransportinginequallywithout►第二版块：核心短语(1) risk doing sth.冒险做某事(教材P30)．..where we often risked going and got more fish than others.……我们经常去探险，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。[合作探究]　体会risk短语的用法和意义When children start smoking, they don't realise that they're risking their health.小孩开始抽烟时，并没有意识到是在拿自己的健康去冒险。The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk.这种疾病在蔓延，所有儿童都有被感染的危险。He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.他冒着生命危险救了我的命。risk one's life/health 拿自己生命/健康去冒险risk one's life doing sth. 冒生命危险做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事take/run a risk＝take/run risks 冒险take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事at risk 处境危险at the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的风险 risk的用法①用作动词时，为及物动词，表示“冒……的危险”“使遭受风险”如：They risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词。如：A lot of people run the risk of being killed.②用作名词，表示冒危险时，通常与动词run, take等搭配。如：There was so much to lose we couldn't take any risks. 即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子①Are you prepared to risk _____________ (travel) without an armed guard?②The children of Nome would be ________ risk if the disease struck the town.③I don't think you should __________ (冒险). It's unnecessary.④No matter where you are on the risk­seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to _________ (冒险) increases during your teenage years.traveling/travellingattake the risktake risks(2) be covered with布满；覆盖着(教材P30)All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。[合作探究]　体会cover短语的用法和意义The ground is covered with snow.大地被白雪覆盖着。Cover the food with a cloth.用一块布把食物盖起来。He covered his son from the blows with his body.他用自己的身体护着儿子，不让他挨打。Read the book from cover to cover.从第一页读到最后一页。Under the cover of darkness, the prisoner escaped.犯人在夜幕掩护下逃走了。cover...with... 用……把……盖上be covered with... 盖着……，布满……cover one's mistakes 隐瞒自己的错误cover 400 miles 走完四百英里路程cover the conference 采访这次会议cover sb. from...with... 用……来掩护某人免受……侵害/打击under the cover of... 在……掩护下，以……为借口；趁着……take cover 隐蔽take cover from the enemy 避敌under cover 秘密地；私下地from cover to cover 从头到尾短语辨析be covered with中covered有形容词的感觉，是一种状态，而be covered by更有一种动作的感觉，在强调动作的发出者时可以使用。如：①The field is covered with snow.②The quilt was covered by my mother.即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子①The fields were altogether covered ________ pure white snow.②The mountain, which ____________ (被……覆盖着) trees and grass all the year round, attracts many tourists.③I read that book _______________ (从头到尾).④The criminal escaped ______________ (在……的掩护下) darkness.withis covered withfrom cover to coverunder the cover of(3) in the direction of朝……方向(教材P31)With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool.伴随着风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。[合作探究]The old man is willing to stand on the bend and directs the traffic.老人乐意站在转弯处指挥交通。The enemy soldiers escaped in all directions directly the PLA soldiers came.解放军战士们一来，敌兵就四散逃命了。Follow the directions for the use of the medicine.请遵照此药的使用说明。direct the traffic 指挥交通direct the band 指挥乐队from the direction of 从……方向in all directions/in every direction 向四面八方in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向under one's direction＝under the direction of sb. 在某人的指示下directions for use 用法说明联想记忆direction n．方向；指导director n．导演；主任direct vt.指导，指挥 adj.直接的；径直的directly adv.直接地；一……就……indirect adj.间接的 误区警示direction作“指导，指挥，管理”讲时，是不可数名词；作“用法说明，旅行指南”讲时，通常用作复数。the simple directions简要说明 即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空①The place we are going to is ten miles __________________ (在相反的方向).②He recovered from his illness slowly __________________ (在……的指导下) a famous expert.③I had just finished cooking when my husband ____________________ (扔掉说明书).④I saw him drive away ______________ (朝……方向) the town.⑤Be sure to read the ________ (direction) carefully before you take the medicine so that it can work better.⑥The robber ran in the ________ (direct) of the market.in the opposite directionunder the direction ofthrew away the directionsin the direction ofdirectionsdirection(4) at...speed以……的速度(教材P31)The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed.船在巨大的漩涡里面，我们以极快的速度绕着圈子。[合作探究]The train was travelling at speed.火车在急速行驶。The car is running at a speed of 90 miles per hour.这汽车以每小时90英里速度奔驰。My heart sped up when it was my turn to have the interview.当轮到我面试时，我的心跳加速。The plane was flying in the sky at top speed.飞机正以最高速度在空中飞翔。He moves with great speed.他动作很迅速。with great speed 迅速地at full speed 以全速at top speed 以最高速at a speed of 以……的速度at the speed of light/sound 以光速/声速speed up (使)加快，加速提示speed用作动词时其动词过去式和过去分词有两组：speed→sped→sped　　　　speed→speeded→speeded  短语辨析at...speed/with...speedat...speed可以用具体的速度形容with...speed除了表示速度，也可以表示动作的反应速度，立即迅速即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子①Do you know the speed ________ which a rocket travels?②Standing at the top of the hill, we saw the train gradually speeded ________ and disappeared in the distance.③The truck was travelling ___________ (以……的速度) 50 mph.④They drove to the hospital __________ (以最高速).⑤After driving ______________ (以高速), Mark arrived at the destination half an hour early.atupat a speed ofat top speedat high/great speed(5) fall down下降；落下；倒塌；跌倒(教材P31)．..the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly...……第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更慢……[合作探究]　体会fall短语的用法和意义He soon fell behind in the race.比赛中，他很快就落在了后面。To be successful, the first thing to do is to fall in love with your work.成功的第一要素就是热爱你的工作。It's very easy to fall into the habit of smoking, but extremely difficult to stop.要养成吸烟的习惯很容易，但要戒掉极难。fall down 跌倒，倒塌，下降fall in love (with) 爱上……fall into the habit of... 养成……习惯fall off 掉下，跌落fall over 跌倒，倒下要点必记fall asleep　　入睡fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃fall behind 落后fall out (头发等)脱落；争吵短语辨析fall down/fall off/fall overfall over强调的是向前摔倒，跌倒。如：She fell over and broke her leg.fall down强调的是“滑倒，倒下”，后接宾语时应加上from。如：The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down.fell off表示“从……上落下或掉下”。如：I saw him fall off his horse.即学即练　完成句子①There's nothing to be afraid of. The sky won't __________ (塌下来).②Some persons gain a goal and direction from their tensions (紧张); others ________ (崩溃) under pressure.③The drugs made her hair _______ (脱落) and she was very annoyed about it.④His little brother was ill for more than six weeks and ___________ (落后) with his schoolwork.⑤When she finally ________ (入睡), she began to dream.fall downfall apartfall outfell behindfell asleep(6) pick up救起，捡起，拾起，学会；用车接；收听(教材P31)In the end, a boat picked me up.最后，一条船把我救了起来。[合作探究]　体会pick短语的用法和意义He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital.他自出院以来，身体慢慢地康复了。He gets picked on by the other boys because he's so small.他因为个子小受到其他男孩子的欺负。She was picked out for the job.她被挑选出来做这份工作。pick out 挑出，辨别出pick one's pocket 扒窃pick on sb. 对某人刁难挑剔 要点必记pick up一词多义：(1)捡起；救起pick something up捡起某物pick up the phone接电话(2)(用车)接(某人)pick up Susan at the airport在机场接苏珊(3)偶然学会pick up French习得法语(4)(生意等)好转(5)接收(信号等)pick up signals接收信号 即学即练　写出句中pick up的含义/完成句子①The boy picked up the hat for the old man.________②It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.________③You'll soon pick up after you stay in bed for a day or two.________④Will you please pick me up at the airport？________⑤I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.________捡起(偶然)学会好转(用车)接人接收⑥She went over to the crying child and picked her up.________⑦She ________________ (捡起书) belonging to her and went away.⑧You can _________ (接我) at the entrance to the stadium.⑨She ______________________ (偶然得到了许多信息) about the mystery.⑩Only after she took charge of the company ___________________ (生意好转起来).抱起picked up the bookpick me uppicked up a lot of informationdid its business pick up►第三版块：重点句式(1) It takes/will take （sb.） some time to do sth.（某人）将花费……时间做某事(教材P30)It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。[句式解读]　本句使用了“It takes (sb.) some time to do...”句式。[用法总结]It takes/will take (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花费一些时间做某事”，it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子的真正主语。此外，take还表示“需要”。(1)sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth. 某人在某事上花费多少时间/金钱sb. spend(s) some time/money doing sth. 某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事(2)sb. pay(s) some money for sth. 某人花钱买某物(3)sth. cost sb. sth. 某物使某人失去……；某物花费某人…… 误区警示cost的主语不能是人，而spend的主语只能是人；pay与for搭配，而spend常与in或on搭配，构成spend money on sth./(in) doing sth., spend time on sth./(in) doing sth.结构。 即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作①________ will take us several years to learn a foreign language well.②The couch potato usually spends about sixteen hours ________ (watch) TV every day.③Brian paid $300 ________ his new portable TV.④It usually takes Bob less than fifteen minutes ____________ (换衣服).⑤完成这篇报道花了我一周的时间。____________________________(take)＝____________________________(spend)⑥全天的活动收费是45英镑。_____________________________(pay)＝_____________________________(cost)Itwatchingforto get changedIt took me a week to finish this report.I spent a week in finishing this report.I will pay ￡45 for a full day's activities.A full day's activities will cost me ￡45.(2) 名词词组引导的时间状语从句(教材P31)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。[句式解读]　句中用名词词组the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。[用法总结]用作连词的名词词组：the moment/the minute/the instant (一……就……)。 归纳拓展(1)以time为中心词构成的用作连词的名词短语：the first time (第一次), the next time (下一次), the last time (最后一次), every time (每次), any time (任何时候)(2)由“年、月、日、春、夏、秋、冬”构成的用作连词的名词短语：the year/month/day (那年/月/天), the spring/summer/autumn/winter (那年春天/夏天/秋天/冬天) 即学即练　完成句子①He fell in love with her ________________________ (一……就……) he met her.②___________ (第一次) I stepped on the island, I liked it.③________________ (每当) I went to his house, he was out.④Her back will be painful ________________ (每当) she is tired.⑤The machine starts _________________________ (一……就……) the button is pressed.⑥He called on me _______ (那天) he arrived.⑦___________ (第一次) I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.⑧I went into a foreign company _________ (那个夏天) I graduated from university.the moment/the minute/the instantThe first timeEvery time/Each timeevery time/each timethe moment/the minute/the instantthe dayThe first timethe summer(3) as if引导方式状语从句(教材P31)I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上摔下来似的。[句式解读]　句中as if意为“好像，似乎”，引导方式状语从句，可由as though代替。[用法总结](1)as if在seem, look等系动词后可引导表语从句。It seems as if the boy has lost his way.那个男孩好像迷路了。(陈述语气)(2)as if引导的从句有语气上的变化：①as if从句用陈述语气的情况：当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。②as if从句用虚拟语气的情况：当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气，其形式如下：a．如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。b．如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。c．如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。She treated her husband as if/though he were a stranger.她待她丈夫如陌生人。(虚拟语气)She talks and talks as if she would never stop.她说了又说，好像永远停不下来。(虚拟语气)误区警示as if＋分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语——as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式。She stood at the door as if waiting for someone.她站在门口，好像在等人。即学即练　完成句子/单句语法填空①He talks about Rome as if he ________ (去过) there before.②____________ (看起来好像) he didn't care about everything around him.③He __________ (看上去好像) he was about to burst into tears.④____________ (看起来) the suit was made to the beggar's own measure.had beenIt seemed as iflooked as ifIt seemed as if⑤He talks as if he ________ (know) everything in the world.⑥Don't handle the vase as if it ________ (be) made of steel.⑦Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ________ (happen) yesterday.⑧He described the characters in the novel as if he ________ (meet) them face to face.⑨He kept working as if nothing ___________ (happen).knewwerehappenedhad methad happened(4) the＋more...， the more...越……，就越……(教材P31)．..the large the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell；...……身体越大，下落越快……[句式解读]　“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”表示“越……就越……”。[用法总结](1)第一个“the＋比较级……”是条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级……”是主句。如果第二个“the＋比较级……”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级……”通常用一般现在时代替将来时。(2)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从句的情况而变化。两个“the＋比较级……”要分别放在两个句子的主谓结构之前，两句之间可以用逗号隔开。当意思很明白时，两句常采用省略形式。The more you talk, the less attention he will pay to you.你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。The more he eats, the fatter he gets.他吃得越多，就变得越胖。The less you worry, the better results you will get in the examination.你越放松，考试的成绩就会越好。The sooner, the better.越快越好。拓展在这种句型中，主句在程度上随着从句变化而变化，常把被强调部分提前，例如：The faster you run, the better it will be.这种句型的特点是前后都可以有所省略，其比较部分通常是状语、宾语、表语，也可以是主语，例如：The busier he is, the happier he feels.即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子①The more we do for the people, the ________ (happy) we will feel.②The longer the war _____ (last), the more the people there will suffer.③她越学越想学。The more she learns, ____________________．④你练习英语越多，你的英语就越好。______________________， the better your English will be.happierlaststhe more she wants to learnThe more English you practise(5) as引导非限制性定语从句(教材P31)As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.如你所见，我来这儿讲这个故事正是因为我做出了正确决定。[句式解读]　句中“As you see是一个非限制性定语从句，as代表主句的内容”。[用法总结]as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，as意为“正如，如同”。as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前、主句中间或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开。 词语积累as is known to all众所周知as is often the case通常就是这样 误区警示which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，只能位于主句之后。 即学即练　单句语法填空/句式转换/完成句子①The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.②China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.As we all know, too much fat in food is unhealthy.③Too much fat in food is unhealthy, ____________．④Too much fat in food, ____________， is unhealthy.⑤____________ (众所周知), cold often causes a sore throat.⑥Shenzhou­11 was sent into space successfully, ____________________ (这使我们感到非常自豪).⑦_______________ (通常就是这样), she rarely takes part in activities.aswhichas we all knowas we all knowAs we all knowwhich made us very proudAs is often the case(6) the reason why...is that...……的原因是……(教材P31)．..the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that...……我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为……[句式解读]　the reason why...is that...是常见句型，意为“……的原因是……”。 [用法总结]The reason (why...) is that... (……的)原因是……It/This/That is because...这/那是因为……(because后接原因)It/This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……(why后接结果)学法点拨(1)reason用作定语从句的先行词时，首先判断关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，一般要用关系副词why。(2)如果作主语或宾语，则使用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，且当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，that或which可省略。(3)It/That is because...中because引导的表语从句表述原因，意为“那是因为……”；It/That is why...中why引导的表语从句表述结果，意为“那就是为什么……”。 即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作/句式转换①He fell asleep during the lecture. This was ________ he got bored with it.②The reason ________ he missed the bus was that he got up late.③He failed the exam again. The reason was _______ he was too careless.④He admitted that his father was strict with him. ____________ (那就是为什么) he made so many achievements.becausewhythatThat was why⑤_________________________ (他如此才华横溢的原因) is that he reads many books.⑥我约会迟到了，因为我在路上遇到了一位老朋友。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________⑦He was too nervous and embarrassed. That was why he failed in the interview.→________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________The reason why he is so brilliantI was late for the appointment. That was because I met an old friend on the way./I met an old friend on the way. That was why I was late for the appointment.The reason why he failed in the interview was that he was too nervous and embarrassed.夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.练单词—记牢固A．请根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示用正确的单词填空1．I used to take the ________ (地铁) when I was working in London.2．That day, the terrible accident almost broke my body and ________ (灵魂).3．I got a ________ (可怕的) feeling when I knew that she had lied to us.4．Every ________ (文件) on the same disk must have a different name.5．The professor put the cup on the ________ (边缘) of the desk and asked the students to observe carefully.tubesoulhorriblefileedge6．To e________ punishment is one of the most obvious reasons why people lie.7．As each w________ came, the boat rose and fell, like a horse jumping a fence.8．I am c________ about how the application processes the information.9．In the eyes of some scientists, all things are e________.10．He likes reading and has read a lot of modern p________.escapewavecuriousequalpoetryB．用准用活：请根据句子语境，用所给提示词的正确形式完成句子Group 1: curious1．The little boy seemed to be ________ about what might be in the box.2．He stood a few feet away from me, looking at me ________．3．The letter wasn't addressed to him, but he opened it out of ________.Group 2: observation1．The police ________ the man enter a shop and followed him into the shop.2．The information was collected by direct __________ of the animals.curiouscuriouslycuriosityobservedobservationGroup 3: equal1．There is an ________ number of boys and girls in the class.2．Diet and exercise are ________ important to one's health.3．Don't you believe in ________ between men and women?Group 4: survive1．I don't know how you manage to ________ on such a low salary.2．The doctor said the operation would increase the chances of his ________．3．Fortunately, there were a few ________ in the bus accident.Group 5: frightened1．I am sorry. I didn't mean to ________ you.2．I am ________ of walking home alone in the dark.3．Going to hospital can be very ________ for a child.equalequallyequalitysurvivesurvivalsurvivorsfrightenfrightenedfrighteningⅡ.练短语—记牢固请根据所给中文写出相应的短语1．兜圈子；循环 ________________2．高速地 ________________3．对……好奇 ________________4．被束缚于；被捆绑于 ________________5．捡起；学会 ________________6．少于；不到 ________________7．突然；同时 ________________8．大哭；大声呼喊 ________________9．朝……方向 ________________10．在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) ________________in circlesat great speedbe/become curious aboutbe tied topick upless thanall at oncecry outin the direction ofon the edge ofⅢ.练句子—用活用准短语请根据中文提示用正确的短语完成句子1．下次你需要点儿时间来放松自己时，就拿本书读读吧。Next time you need a bit of time to relax yourself, _______ a book.2．生活中的好主意不会突然进入到你的脑海。The best ideas you'll ever have in your life will not strike you _________．3．你哥哥开着他的新车从我身边高速经过。Your brother passed by me in his new car, driving ____________．pick upall at onceat great speed4．我相信他在不到一周的时间内能完成那个项目。I'm sure he will finish doing the project in ________ a week.5．一群在沙漠里迷路的人想找到路，但最终却在那里兜圈子。A group of lost people tried to find their way through the desert, but ended up walking round ________．6．所有的青蛙都在一块岩石的边缘排成一排准备跳入水里。All the frogs line up ___________ a rock to dive.7．我想哭，可是谁偷走了我的眼泪？I want to ________， but who stole the tears from my eyes?less thanin circleson the edge ofcry out8．我们希望我们的价值与我们所拥有的东西连在一起。We want our value to _________ something that we own.9．你必须不断地朝你的目标前进。You must constantly move ______________ your goal.10．你可能会对未来生活是什么样子好奇。You might _____________ what life will be like in the future.be tied toin the direction ofbe curious aboutⅣ.单句写作请根据句意和提示短语翻译句子1．每天晚上我都会在学校门口等着接我女儿。(pick up)__________________________________________________________2．人们对月球上是否有生命很好奇。(be curious about)__________________________________________________________3．地震发生时，所有的学生立刻跑到了较安全的地带。(all at once)__________________________________________________________Every night I would wait at the school gate to pick up my daughter.People are much curious about whether there is life on the moon.All the students ran to a safer area all at once when the earthquake happened.4．他们还有不到两周时间就放假了。(less than)__________________________________________________________5．随着风浪，我们正朝着旋涡的方向去。(in the direction of)__________________________________________________________They have less than two weeks to go before they start the holiday.With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool.Ⅴ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。About three years ago, the storyteller experienced a horrible storm, 1.________ had broken his body and soul.One day, he was out fishing around some islands with his two brothers when the sky 2.___________ (cover) with clouds. They were in a terrible storm in less than a minute. His 3.________ (young) brother fell into the sea. He and his elder brother were pushed 4.________ the direction of the whirlpool and went round and round it. The storyteller felt sick, as if he was falling from 5.________ mountain top in a dream. whichwas coveredyoungerinaIt may appear strange, but at that moment, when they were on the edge of the whirlpool, he felt calmer than when they were moving towards it. After a while, he made three important 6.__________ (observe). 7.________ (base) on what he had found, he tied 8.________ (he) to a barrel, which helped him to float. Although he tried to make his elder brother understand that he should do the same, his brother was too 9.________ (frighten) and stayed in the heavy boat. 10.________ (final), the storyteller was saved.observationsBasedhimselffrightenedFinally