2023英语高考命题总复习----阅读提升（各领域的人物与作品）

考点九 各领域的人物或作品

第一步 精准刷题

阅读

A

(2021·浙江高考)Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life-his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career(职业) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.

But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until 1980-32 years into his career-that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.

Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired.

Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.

1.Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?

A. He enjoyed watching movies.

B. He was eager to earn money.

C. He wanted to be like his uncle.

D. He felt he was good at acting.

2.What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?

A. He directed some high quality movies.

B. He avoided taking on new challenges.

C. He focused on playing dramatic roles.

D .He became a successful comedy actor.

3.What does Nielsen's career story tell us?

A. Art is long, life is short.

B. He who laughs last laughs longest.

C. It's never too late to learn.

D. Where there's a will there's a way.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Leslie Nielsen(莱斯利·尼尔森)的演艺生涯。

1.C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“his uncle, who was a well known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career(职业)in acting(他的叔叔，是一位著名的演员。Nielsen 的叔叔所赢得的钦佩和尊重激励他走上了演艺事业)”可知，Nielsen 想当演员的原因是想像他叔叔一样。故选C.]

2.D [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.(那部电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半段，即使影评人对这部电影评价不高，但仅仅凭他的喜剧表演就可以使这部电影获得经济上的成功。)”可知，在Nielsen职业生涯的后半段，他成为了一个成功的喜剧演员。故选D.]

3.D[推理判断题。通读全文，再根据最后一段中的“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.(他凭借平凡的努力和决心建立了一个非常成功的事业。他告诉我们，永不放弃，即使是只有一个愿望，也能成就非凡的人生。)”可推知，Nielsen的职业经历告诉我们；有志者事竟成。故选D.]

B

(2020·新高考I卷)In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.

His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.

This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.

Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.

4.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?

A. His friends' invitation.

B. His interest in the country.

C. His love for teaching.

D. His desire to regain health.

5.What does the underlined word “that" in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Developing a serious mental disease.

B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.

C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.

D.W riting an article about the Aral Sea.

6. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?

7.What is the purpose of this text?

A. To introduce a book.

B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.

C. To remember a writer.

D. To recommend a travel destination.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关乌兹别克斯坦游记的书。

4.B [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan...”可知，几年之后，Bissell(比塞尔)仍被乌兹别克斯坦所吸引着，所以他又回到了那里。B项中的＂interest in the country"”对应文中的“attracted to the country”。故选B.]

5.D [指代判断题。上文提到了Bissell 要写一篇关于咸海消失的文章，然后画线词所在句提到他的访问最终涉及到的事远不止这个，因而才有了 Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia 这本书。由此可知，画线词that指的是“写有关咸海的文章”，意思是只写一篇文章已远不能包含他所见所闻的所有内容，所以才又写了一本书。故选D.]

6.B[推理判断题。文章第二段后半部分介绍了Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦进行公路旅行时遇到的一些人，第三段介绍了他遇到的一些事：被警察怀疑涉嫌贩毒，参加山顶葬礼和奇特的酒会，目睹沙尘暴、疾病与搁浅船只。由此可知，Bissell的公路之旅是丰富的、多事件的。故选B.]

7.A [主旨大意题。文章第一段和第二段开头部分交代了Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia 这本书的创作背景；第二段后半部分和第三段介绍了书的具体内容，包括主题、人物和事件等；最后一段描述了作者的创作手法、写作技巧以及对书的评价。综合全文来看，本文的中心是围绕着一本书展开的，目的就是介绍这本书。故选A.]

七选五

(2022·山东省青岛市高三检测)Cayce Zavaglia is an artist with a unique transformation to her work.  1  Painting with tiny needles is not as fast as painting with a brush.  2  It takes two months-nearly 200 hours to complete a portrait.

3  Once she decides, she invites that person to her studio and takes hundreds of photographs. She studies the way the light falls across the person's face. After many hours of studying the photos, she chooses the perfect one for her portrait. Next, she enlarges the photo on a canvas(画布)。Then, she matches the colors in the photo and the stitching begins.

Cayce starts with the hair and forehead, then moves on to the shoulders and clothing, and finally the face. The human face is what she most enjoys creating in her art.  4  In a portrait of her baby daughter, the skin appears soft and smooth. In a portrait of her dad, the stitches show a wrinkled and aging face.

Cayce believes her success depends on three things: her choice of colors, the length and direction of the stitches, and her ability to make the portrait look true. She loves the surprise when people view her art. From a distance, people believe the portraits are painted.  5 

A. She makes sure the person looks straight into her.

B. The biggest challenge is making the skin look real.

C. Instead of painting with a brush, she sews with a needle.

D. Cayce's first step is deciding who will be in the portrait.

E. She loves creating portraits of her family and close friends.

F. It requires a lot of patience, for you often have to rethread your needle.

G. But when they take a closer look, they see the portrait has been embroidered.

1.____________     2. ____________     3. ____________     4. ____________     5. ____________    

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位用针作画的艺术家 Cayce Zavaglia(凯西·扎瓦利亚)。

1.C [根据下文“Painting with tiny needles is not as fast as painting with a brush.(用细针作画不如用刷子作画快。)”可知，C项(她不是用刷子画画，而是用针。)引出下文。故选C.]

2.F [根据下文“It takes two months-nearly 200 hours to complete a portrait.(完成一幅肖像画需要两个月一一近200个小时。)”可知，设空处解释为什么用针作画很慢。F项(这需要很大的耐心，因为你经常要重新穿针。)引出下文。故选F.]

3.D [根据下文“Once she decides, she invites that person to her studio and takes hundreds of photographs.(一旦她决定了，她会邀请那个人到她的工作室，拍上数百张照片。)”可知，D项(凯西的第一步是决定谁将出现在画像中。)引出下文。故选D.]

4.B [根据下文“In a portrait of her baby daughter, the skin appears soft and smooth. In a portrait of her dad, the stitches show a wrinkled and aging face.(在她的小女儿的肖像中，皮肤显得柔软光滑。在她父亲的肖像中，缝线显示出皱纹和衰老的脸。)”可知，B项(最大的挑战是让皮肤看起来真实。)引出下文。故选B.]

5.G [根据上文“From a distance, people believe the portraits are painted.(从远处看，人们认为画像是画出来的。)”可知，G项(但是当他们仔细看的时候，他们看到画像是绣出来的。)承接上文。故选G.]

第二步 精深学习

阅读

(2021·广东深圳市高三一模)Real financial security and freedom is not in our job but in our passion. It's easy to define and evaluate a man by his pursue Joseph Campbell once said, “Follow your dream and the universe will open doors where there are only walls.”

In life, we'll always be found doing any of these two things: either making a living or making a difference. Pensions(养老金)and salaries stop many from pursuing excellence while passion unlocks hidden potentials that equip us for challenges and opportunities. A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference.

I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means of livelihood. Rather, it should be a means to fuel our passion. The earlier you realize this basic truth of life, the more clearly you'll be able to position yourself in living a life of impact and value.

The success of Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) shows how meaningful it is to pursue your passion instead of your pension. Its founder, Colonel Harland Sanders, didn't realize this until he was given his first social security check of 105 dollars. But he decided that there surely was something to do for himself and other people instead of living on that small pension. He was determined to engage himself in what brought him impact and value. Drawing inspiration from his mother's special recipe for fried chicken, he invented “finger-licking" seasoning with eleven spices and herbs. Despite much rejection, he managed to round up some investors and promote company's rapid expansion to more than 6,000 locations. Sanders' life pointed towards two facts about making a difference: one, there is no age that is too old to make a difference; two, there is nothing too small or insignificant to make a difference with, as long as it is your passion.

1.How does the author support his argument in Paragraph 2?

A. By listing examples,

B.B y showing contrast.

C. By including a quote.

D. By sharing his experience.

2.How did Sanders probably feel when offered his first social security check?

A. Deeply moved.

B. Pleasantly surprised.

C. Greatly relieved.

D. Internally motivated.

3.What does the author suggest we do?

A. Pursue our passion.

B. Get a well-paid job.

C. Secure our position.

D. Get career guidance.

4.What is the best title for this text?

A. Passion or Pension?

B. Following Your Dreams

C. Working for Pension

D. To Work or not to Work?

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇夫叙夹议文。文章通过对比和引用KFC创始人 Colonel Harland Sanders(哈兰·山德士)的故事阐明一个观点－一真正的经济安全和自由不在于我们的工作，而在于激情。

1.B[推理判断题。根据第二段＂In life, we'll always be found doing any of these two things: either making a living or making a difference ... A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference,”可推知，作者通过对比稳定的收入和激情对人们的影响来支撑自己的观点－－真正的经济安全和自由不在于我们的工作，而在于激情。故选B.]

2.D [推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“But he decided that there surely was something to do ...engage himself in what brought him impact and value.”可知，当Sanders拿到退休金时，他决定做一些对自己和他人都有用的事情，投身于能够给自己和他人带来影响和价值的事业。由此可推知，Sanders的内心受到了激发。故选D.]

3.A [推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“I want to sincerely help to adjust and clarify the misguided belief among workers that a job is a means of livelihood. Rather, it should be a means to fuel our passion.”和最后一段第一句“The success of Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC) shows how meaningful it is to pursue your passion instead of your pension.”以及最后一句中的“two, there is nothing too small or insignificant to make a difference with, as long as it is your passion”可推知，作者建议人们追求自己热爱的事物。故选A.]

4.A [标题判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段“In life, we'll always be found doing any of these two things ... A job helps us make a living while passion enables us to make a difference.”可知，文章主要阐明了作者关于稳定的收入让人停止进取，而激情却能让人迸发潜力的观点。所以A项(激情还是养老金？)适合作为本文标题。故选A.]

B

(2022·重庆市高三诊断考试)Susan Scott, 71, is glad that she didn't think about her age when she took up bodybuilding at the age of 59.

“I reinvent myself every ten years. I started my 60s as a bodybuilder and now I'm beginning my 70s as a writer," she said. “People usually limit themselves by age, and it's discouraging. With age, I remain young at heart.”

Dr Susan started bodybuilding at an age when most are considering retirement though she was an athlete from an early age. As a child in Venezuela, she took to gymnastics and later graduated with a physical education degree.

Then she obtained a master's degree in education and later a PhD in Adult Personal Development. She taught at Cambridge Rindge and Latin High School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for 16 years, while raising two daughters.

“I started bodybuilding when 1 met Steve Pfiester, a gym guy who practiced yoga. He invited me to his gym and offered to train me. I started in January and in June he took me to my first competition in Bradenton, Florida,” she recalled. Dr Susan's photos show that she has devoted long hours to taking care of her body. But she also develops her mind and spirit. On any given day, she gets up at 3 am to read books. At 4:30 am she's out to walk three miles and run another three. This is followed by yoga and a swim at the beach while the sun rises. After writing her journal and working on her book between 8 and 10 am, she hits the gym for at least two hours. “I don't lose track of time,” she said.

Dr Susan's war on ageism has rubbed off on her two daughters, both in their early thirties.“They both take care of their bodies and minds. If you give them a good foundation as a parent, you know that they will always come back to their roots. I tried to remind myself of that during their difficult teen years.”

5. What's Dr Susan's opinion on age?

A. Age cannot be hidden.

B. Age is a state of mind.

C. Every age has its pains and sorrows.

D. Old age is not suitable for further study.

6.What made Dr Susan start bodybuilding?

A. The need of her job.

B. Her youthful dream.

C. Steve Pfiester's influence.

D. Her daughters' encouragement.

7.Which of the following best describes Dr Susan's morning schedule?

8.What can be inferred about Dr Susan from the last paragraph?

A. She will set up a fitness foundation.

B. She will soon return to retirement.

C. She often thinks of her teenage years.

D. She sets an example to her daughters.

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的Susan(苏珊)博士用自己的亲身经历证明：年龄不应该阻挡老年人追求美好生活。

5.B[推理判断题。根据第二段中 Susan 博士说的话“People usually limit themselves by age, and it's discouraging. With age, I remain young at heart.(人们通常会受年龄的限制，这很令人沮丧。随着年龄的增长，我的心仍然年轻。)”可推知，她认为年龄只是一种心境。故选B.]

6.C [细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“I started bodybuilding when I met Steve Pfiester, a gym guy who practiced yoga.”可知，Susan 博士是在Steve Pfiester(史蒂夫·菲斯特)的影响下开始健身的。故选C.]

7.B [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，在任何一天，Susan都是凌晨3点起床读书。早上4:30,她出去走三英里，再跑三英里。然后是在太阳升起的时候在海滩上做瑜伽和游泳。在旱上8点到10点之间写完日记和书之后，她会去健身房锻炼至少两个小时。由此可推知，她每天上午把时间安排得非常紧凑。故选B.]

8.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Susan's war on ageism has rubbed off on her rubbed on her two daughters, both in their early thirties,(苏珊博士反对年龄歧视的斗争影响了她的两个女儿，她们都才三十出头。)＂可推知，Susan博士为两个女儿树立了良好的榜样。散选D.]

七选五

(2022·重庆八中高三期中考试)Born after 1996 on the heels of the millennials(千禧一代)，Generation Z (Gen Z) is just entering the work- force. Its members are the first true digital natives, and their ability to adapt to an automating workplace will likely determine their success. “Soft" skills such as intellectual insight, flexibility and creativity will be essential for workers to compete with machines that are growing more technically skilled.  1 

Be an effective strategic communicator. Some employers fear that digital native workers might be too much like the robots they are competing with.  2  It's good communication skills that make them noticeable. Those in technology fields often work remotely or in relative isolation, so they do not always get enough time to sharpen their interpersonal skills. However, Gen Z should not ignore the importance of relationship building, listening, communicating and teamwork.

3  While most of Gen Z is still in school, they already need to think about how to continually adapt to a fast-changing world. To succeed, they must be realistic about their skills and how desired skill sets will change. For example, graduates might be trained in Microsoft Excel, but a job might require them to learn how to interpret that data.

4  Nearly half of the Gen Z said they had experienced job burnout in the past year, according to a survey.  5 Workers are at their best when doing something meaningful to them, said Obed Louissaint, vice president of talent at IBM. To avoid burnout, young people should couple finding purpose with taking proper mental breaks and trying to build healthy habits, Louissaint added.

A. Be a continuous learner.

B. Try to find interest in your work.

C. What will make Gen Z workers stand out?

D. Find work that gives you a sense of purpose.

E. More industry knowledge also equals more money.

F. Here are the “soft" skills Gen Z members need to succeed.

G. Half said they were considering a job outside their current industry because of it.

1.____________     2. ____________     3. ____________     4. ____________     5. ____________   

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Z世代要想在职场成动所需具备的几种软技能

1.F[根据上文提到的“Generation Z”以及“＇Soft' skills such as intellectual insight, flexibility and creativity will be essential for workers to compete with machines that are growing more technically skilled.(‘软＇技能，如智力洞察力、灵活性和创造力，对于员工与技术水平不断提高的机器竞争至关重要。)”结合下文列举的软技能可知，F项(以下是Z世代成功所需的软技能。)承上启下。散选F.)

2.C [上文提到了乙世代面临着与机器人的竞争，下文指出了让Z世代从竞争中胜出要靠良好的沟通技巧。可知，C项(什么会让Z世代脱颖而出？)承上启下。故选C.] 3.A [下文提到虽然Z世代的大部分人还在上学，但他们已经需要思考如何不断适应快速变化的世界。要想成功，他们必须对自己的技能以及期望的技能组合将如何变化持现实态度。可知，本段讲的是Z世代要不断学习以顺应时代的发展。A项(做一个持续的学习者。)符合语境。故选A.]

4.D [根据下文“Nearly half of the Gen Z said they had experienced job burnout in the past year, according to a survey.(一项调查显示，近一半的Z世代的人表示，他们在过去一年中经历过职业倦怠。)”可知，设空处强调通过职业目标感来避免职业倦怠。D项(找一份能让你有目标感的工作。)符合语境。故选D.]

5.G[上文指出半数Z世代的人经历过职业倦怠。可推知，Z世代可能会考虑换工作。G项(一半的人说，他们正考虑在目前的行业之外找一份工作。)符合语境。故选G.]

在语篇中提升

1.make a difference____________ (A篇第二段)

翻译

①What she says make no difference to our plan.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

②我做志愿者是因为我不仅想看看这个世界，还想让它变得不同。

I volunteer because I want to not just see the world, ________________________.

2.determined(A篇第四段)

单句语法填空

①She's sure to get the job she wants-she's a very____________ (determine) person.

②Write a poem about how courage, ____________ (determine),and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.

③Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines____________ (write) a book.

④I'm determined____________ (get) this piece of work finished today.

3.graduate vi.& vt. ____________ n. ____________(B篇第三段)

→graduation n. ____________.

(1)单句语法填空

①He graduated____________ a key university, but he was not suitable for the job.

②After____________ (graduate), he decided to work for that organization.

(2)翻译

我听说那些志愿者都是毕业于历史专业。

____________________________________________________________________________________________

4.compete(七选五第一段)

→competitor n. ____________

(1)单句语法填空

①(2020·新高考I卷)Museums must compete____________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.

②The company has lost a lot of business to its____________ (compete).

③The students selected from every class took part in the____________ (compete).

④It's difficult for a small supermarket to compete____________ the big supermarkets.

(2)翻译

Young children will usually compete for their mother's attention.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

答案:

1.有影响，有关系(对)·····产生很大的影响(对)······无影响；无关紧要 是否·····对某人没有影响

翻译

①她说什么对我们的计划没有影响。

②but make a difference to it

2.坚定的，坚决的 决心做某事 测定，确定 决心做某事 决定；决心；果断 顽强地

单句语法填空

①determined  ②determination  ③to write  ④to get

3.毕业；获得学位 毕业生 毕业 毕业于···学校 毕业于·····专业

(1)单句语法填空

①from  ②graduation

(2)翻译

I heard that those volunteers all graduated in history.

4.竞争者；对手 参加比赛；竞争(为．·····)同某人竞争某事 比赛 与····竞争

(1)单句语法填空

①for  ②competitors  ③competition  ④against/with

(2)翻译

小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。