Unit1-Unit4语法总结2022-2023学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

译林版八上语法总结Unit1 Friends1.形容词（adj）的比较级和最高级的构成规则，一般加-er/-est（1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。
small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
（2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest
（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattestslim→slimmer→slimmest
（4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiestlazy→lazier→laziest
（5）其他双音节词和多音节词，出现后缀-ful,-less,-ous,-ed,-ing结尾的单词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。beautiful→more beautiful→most beautifulinteresting→more interesting→most interesting
easily→more easily→most easilypopular→more popular→most popularexpensive→more expensive→most expensiveimportant→more important→most important
（6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。
good→better→best well→better→bestbad→worse→worst ill→worse→worstold→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most far→farther→farthest（距离远） far→further→furthest程度深
（7）出现than前面一定用比较级，其他出现even（甚至）/much（···得多）/a liitle/a bit+比较级much better（好得多） much less（少得多） much more（多得多）2.句型：比较级A+比较级（adj）+ than B. （1）A be +比较级（adj）+ than B.  A比B······He is shorter than I am.   他比我矮。（2）Of the two +名词复数，A is +the+比较级（adj） one.Of the two girls，she is fatter one.   在两个女孩中，她是较胖的那一个。（3）A be +the+最高级（adj）+ 名词单数+of all / among / in ······     A be +比较级（adj）+ than any other +可数名词单数+ in ······A be +比较级（adj）+ than the other +可数名词复数+in ······He is the tallest boy in our class.  他是我们班里最高的男孩。He is taller than any other boy in our class. 他比我们班里其他任何一个男孩高。He is taller than the other boys in our class. 他比我们班里其他男孩高。  Unit2 School life1.副词（adj）的比较级和最高级的构成规则，一般加-er/-est（1）大多数单音节词加-er/-est，有些词如far/fast/hard/high/late/long/well既可作adj，也可作advhard→harder→hardest high→higher→highest （2）多音节词和部分双音节词，出现后缀-ly结尾的单词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。
quickly→more quickly→most quicklycarefully→more carefully→most carefully
（3）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。well→better→bestbadly→worse →worstfar→farther→farthest（距离远）I can’t walk any farther.  我不能走更远了。far→further→furthest（程度深）You need further study.  你需要进一步学习。She draws the best of us all. 她是我们所有人中画画最好的。She draws better than any other student in my class.  她画得比我们班任何一个学生都好。She draws better than the other students in my class.  她画得比我们班其他学生都好。 2.句型more ··· than（1）more ··· than、the most +可数名词复数/不可数名词（2）fewer +可数名词复数 + than（较少的···）、the fewest +可数名词复数 （最少的···）（3）less +不可数名词 + than（较少的···）、the least +不可数名词（最少的···）We have fewer tomatoes and less juice.         我们有较少的西红柿和较少的果汁。She has the fewest tomatoes and the least juice.  她有最少的西红柿和最少的果汁。He has the most eggs.                       他有最多的鸡蛋。（4）The +比较级，the+比较级，越··· ，越··· The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少The more carefully you listen to your teacher,he higher marks you will get. 你越仔细听老师讲，你就会获得更好的分数。The harder you work,the better grades you will get.你越努力工作，你就会获得更好的成绩3.名词变形容词，形容词变副词的方法（1）n + ly →adj
day →daily 每日的week →weekly 每周的month → monthly 每月的year →yearly 每年的love →lovely 可爱的
（2）adj + ly →adv
careful→carefullyslow→slowlyhappy→happilyeasy→easilyquick→quicklyusual→usually
 
Unit3 A day out1.句型as +adj原级+ as（1）A be as +adj原级+ as B          A和B一样······The two girls are as careful as Mr Wu.   这两个女孩和吴先生一样细心（2）A be not as/so +adj原级+ as A    A不如B······The two girls are not as tall as Mr Wu.   这两个女孩不如吴先生高The two girls are shorter than Mr Wu.   这两个女孩比吴先生矮2.反身代词 oneself（单数）myself（I/me）, himself（he）, herself（she）, yourself（you）, itself（it）（复数）ourselves（we）, yourselves（you）,themselves（they）Help yourselves to some fish, children! 请随便吃点鱼，孩子们！by oneself = on one’s own = alone 独自    by himself = on his own = alone 他独自teach oneself =learn by oneself  自学      teach herself =learn by herself  自学look after oneself = take care of oneself 自己照顾自己hurt oneself 伤到自己        enjoy oneself 自己玩的开心    for oneself 亲自例句：He is trying to pull himself up the rocks. 他正在尝试攀爬岩石（把他自己拖到岩石上）You are lucky you didn’t hurt yourself. 你很幸运你没有伤到你自己We really enjoyed ourselves.我们真的玩得很开心They looked at each other and they kept the secret to themselves.他们互相对视，他们自己保守了秘密3.后缀正反义词-ful（full of）,-less（without）
care→careful carelesshelp→helpful helpless use→useful useless cheer→cheerful cheerless end→endless   sleep→sleepless hope→hopeful hopeless meaning→meaningful meaningless taste→tasteful(雅致的) tasteless(粗俗的)

Unit4 Do it yourself1.句型：祈使句、命令句、should、had better（1）祈使句、命令句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、禁止，因主语为第二人称，通常省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，即动词原形，句末使用感叹号和句号。①肯定句型 系动词+表语（形容词adj 、名词n）（You）Put up a picture on the wall.（You）Paint the walls blue.Be quiet!  安静Be an excellent student!  要做一名杰出的学生！①肯定句型 行为动词开头、以Please开头或者结尾
Keep quiet!Open the door！Stand up!Please help me!
②否定句型Don’t shout back to your parents! 不要对你的父母大喊大叫！Don’t touch the wet paint，please! 请不要触碰湿的颜料！Don’t be late for school，please! 请上学不要迟到！（2）should/had better:表示劝告、建议，且语气had better>shouldhad better do/had better not doshould do/should not doYou should know a little about DIY. 你应当学习一点DIY的知识You should not put so many books on the shelf.  你不应该放那么多的书在那个书架上Your watch is broken. You had better buy a new one. 你的手表坏了，你最好再买一个新的You had better not be late for school. 你上学最好不要迟到2.前缀正反义词un-/in-/im-
(1)前缀un-certain→uncertaincomfortable→uncomfortableimportant→unimportantinteresting→uninterestingtidy→untidyhealthy→unhealthyusual→unusualhappy→unhappy
(2)前缀in-
active（积极的）→inactive（不积极的）correct（正确的）→incorrect（不正确的）direct（直接的）→indirect（间接的）complete（完全的）→incomplete（残缺的）
(3)前缀im-
patient（耐心的）→impatient （不耐心的）possible（可能的）→impossible（不可能的） polite（礼貌的）→impolite（不礼貌的） proper（恰当的）→improper（不恰当的）