2020年北京市中考英语试卷含答案Word版

2020年北京市高级中等学校招生考试

英语答案解析

一、

1.【答案】A

【解析】句意：杰克逊先生是个受欢迎的作家，我们都喜欢读他的书。his他的；her她的；their他们的；your你/你们的。根据空后有名词books，可知需要填形容词性物主代词；又根据前一句Mr. Jackson is a popular writer，可知此处是指“喜欢读他的书”，故选A。

【考点】物主代词

2.【答案】C

【解析】句意：通常我在星期六为我的家人做早餐。at+钟点，表示在几点钟；in+年/月，表示在某年或某月；on+星期/具体的日子，表示在星期几或某一天；to向。on Saturdays在星期六，故选C。

【考点】介词

3.【答案】C

【解析】句意：饭前洗手，否则你可能会生病的。and而且，but但是，or否则，so所以。结合句意，“饭前不洗手”是“你可能会生病”的条件，故选C。

【考点】连词

4.【答案】A

【解析】句意：—你能帮我一下吗？我自己搬不动这个箱子。—没问题。could能，should应该，must必须，need需要。根据I can’t move the box by myself可知，我自己搬不动这个箱子，因此请求别人帮助，Could you do sth?你能做某事吗？表示委婉地请求。故选A。

【考点】情态动词

5.【答案】B

【解析】句意：—汤姆，你多久去看一次你的祖父母？—一个月两次。How much多少（钱），提问不可数名词的量或物品的价格；How often多久一次，提问频度；How long多久，对时间段进行提问；How soon多久以后，对“in+时间段”进行提问。根据答句“Twice a month.”表示的是频率，可知要用How often提问。故选B。

【考点】疑问词辨析

6.【答案】D

【解析】句意：赵州桥是世界上最古老的石桥之一。old古老的。old形容词原级；older形容词比较级；oldest形容词最高级；the oldest形容词最高级前加the。根据题干中“one of ________ stone bridges in the world”可知此处是指世界上最古老的石桥之一，用“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”结构。故选D。

【考点】形容词最高级

7.【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你坐这趟火车，你将在五小时内到达上海。arrive一般现在时；will arrive一般将来时；arrived一般过去时；have arrived现在完成时。本题是以if引导的条件状语从句，时态上要符合“主将从现”，所以空格处应用一般将来时will do，故选B。

【考点】时态

8.【答案】C

【解析】句意：弗兰克昨晚打电话给我时，我正在用电脑工作。work工作，动词原形；will work一般将来时；was working过去进行时；am working现在进行时。根据题干中“when Frank called me last night”可知此处表示当某件事情发生的时候，另一件事情正在进行，when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。故选C。

【考点】过去进行时

9.【答案】D

【解析】句意：自从我来北京，我们就没见过面，但我们经常发电子邮件。Don’t see是一般现在时；didn’t see是一般过去时；won’t see是一般将来时；haven’t seen是现在完成时。根据since I came to Being可知，此处用现在完成时，故选D。

【考点】时态

10.【答案】B

【解析】句意：—萨姆，那是什么声音？—我的弟弟现在正在玩他的玩具汽车。play玩。will play一般将来时；is playing现在进行时；plays动词的第三人称单数形式；played动词的过去式。根据问句“What’s that noise, Sam?”可知提到的声响是现有的，结合答句中“now”可知是说现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。故选B。

【考点】现在进行时

11.【答案】D

【解析】句意：风筝是中国在2000多年前发明的。invent发明。invents动词的第三人称单数形式；invented动词的过去式；is invented一般现在时的被动语态；was invented一般过去时的被动语态。题中主语“The kite”与动词invent之间是动宾关系，此处用被动语态；结合题干中时间状语“2000 years ago”可知要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。故选D。

【考点】一般过去时的被动语态

12.【答案】C

【解析】—句意：你知道视频会议什么时候开始吗？—明天上午九点。问句是一个含宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句中从句语序应该为陈述句语序，因此排除B和D；根据答语“At 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.”可知询问的应该是将来的事，用一般将来时，选项A是一般过去时，故选C。

【考点】宾语从句

二、

13.【答案】B

【解析】句意：他厌倦了向父母要钱。A. food食物，B. money金钱，C. attention注意力，D. advice建议。根据后文的“I wanted to go to the shopping center or movies with friends without having to ask for $20 from my parents.”可知，此处表示向父母要钱，故选B。

14.【答案】D

【解析】句意：但实际发生的事情却令人失望。A. exciting令人兴奋的，B. encouraging令人鼓舞的，C. confusing令人困惑的，D. disappointing令人失望的。根据“I imagined having a job at a store or at a summer camp where I could play games with children.”和“The only job I managed to find was cleaning up tables at a local restaurant.”可知，我原来想象着找一个在商店或夏令营的工作，但是我设法找到的唯一工作就是在餐馆收拾桌子，这是令我失望的事。故选D。

15.【答案】C

【解析】句意：一想到天一亮就起床去收拾别人的桌子，我就后悔自己找过工作。A. forget忘记，B. enjoy喜欢，C. regret后悔，D. imagine想象。根据前文的“At first, the idea of clearing tables upset me.”可知，擦桌子令我感到心烦，因此我后悔找到这份工作，故选C。

16.【答案】A

【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记那天有多累。A. tired疲倦的，B. happy高兴的，C. curious好奇的，D. relaxed放松的。根据前文的“The first day was terribly busy.”可知，我很忙，因此感到非常累，故选A。

17.【答案】D

【解析】句意：突然之间，我成了其中的一部分，被包括在内的感觉很好。A. loved喜欢，B. missed错过，C. needed需要，D. included包括。根据“I was a part of that”可知，我成了其中一部分，因此感到被包括在内，故选D。

18.【答案】C

【解析】句意：我学会了为早起感到高兴，因为我知道每天都会有一些美好的时刻。A. dishes菜肴，B. choices选择，C. moments时刻，D. customers顾客。根据前文的“but I’ll also never forget sitting down for lunch with my co-workers for the first time.”可知，我喜欢和同事在一起吃午饭，交谈，认为这是一些美好的时刻。故选C。

19.【答案】B

【解析】句意：我从一个害羞的学生开始逐渐成长为一个可以在工作中或其他任何地方与任何人打招呼的人。A. find找到，B. greet问候，C. push推动，D. stop停止。根据前文的“I’ve now worked at the restaurant for almost one year”可知，我在餐馆里工作，因此要问候顾客。故选B。

20.【答案】A

【解析】句意：这份小工作给了我很多，我等不及要回去继续从我的经历中成长。A. grow成长，B. stand站立，C. rest休息，D. hide躲藏。根据前文的“From starting there as a shy student, I’ve been able to grow into a person that can go up and   19   anyone, at work or anywhere else.”可知，此处表示我成长了。故选A。

三、

21.【答案】D

【解析】根据“Matt …….I created Teens Helping Seniors with my friends.”可知，马特创建了青少年帮助老年人的组织，故选D。

【考点】细节理解

22.【答案】A

【解析】根据“Now there are 50 local seniors in the weekly technology classes.”可知，现在有50名当地的老年人参加每周的科技课程。故选A。

【考点】细节理解

23.【答案】C

【解析】根据“I heard that the seniors in the nursing home couldn’t see their families and friends very often, so my friends and I decided to cheer up the elderly by writing them letters.”可知，为了帮助疗养院里的老人，凯西和她的同学们给他们写信使他们高兴起来。故选C。

【考点】细节理解

24.【答案】A

【解析】根据But when she got to the new school, she felt very lonely.但是当她到达新学校时，她感到非常孤独。可知，当艾玛到达新学校时，她感觉很孤独，故答案选A。

【考点】细节理解

25.【答案】B

【解析】根据 “Could I be your partner?” Emma asked uncertainly. “Sure,” said Julia warmly.以及Together, the girls walked into the center…Then the girls started to feed their own baby squirrels.女孩们一起走进了中心。……然后，女孩们开始喂自己的小松鼠。可知，在自然中心，艾玛和茱莉亚一起帮忙喂小松鼠，故答案选B。

【考点】细节理解

26.【答案】C

【解析】根据“Interested? I would love to work here! What an opportunity!” Emma was excited.以及That afternoon, in the bus on the way back to school, Emma sat next to Julia, her new friend. A rush of newfound happiness washed over her.可知，在回学校的路上，艾玛感到很高兴，是因为她可以去自然中心去帮忙照顾动物，而且还结交了一个新朋友，故答案选C。

【考点】推理判断

27.【答案】B

【解析】根据Shreya has recently started following her mother around the kitchen, taking notes on how to make her “masala chai” and tasty kachoris.可知，莎莉娅跟着妈妈在厨房转是为了记下菜谱，故选B。

【考点】细节理解

28.【答案】A

【解析】根据“Actually, there are simple ways to keep family recipes, Scrapbooks（剪贴薄）are easily found in the market. You can even add photos to record every detail of your memories about the recipe. With the help of some popular apps like Story Scans, recording family recipes has never been easier.”可知，记录菜谱的方法很简单。故选A。

【考点】推理判断

29.【答案】D

【解析】根据“Keeping family recipes is saving and honoring our tradition so that future generations can continue to make family ties stronger.”可知，保留家庭菜谱就是保存和尊重我们的传统，这样子孙后代就可以继续加强家庭纽带。因此本文主要介绍了家庭菜谱不仅仅是菜谱，还有更深的意义。故选D。

【考点】标题归纳

30.【答案】B

【解析】根据第二段“Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis （诊断） and instructions without leaving home.远程医疗可以让病人不用离开家就可以使用技术在线看医生并得到诊断和指导。”，可知它为病人提供了一种方便的诊断方法，故选B。

【考点】细节理解

31.【答案】A

【解析】an ability to understand理解的能力；an interesting experience有趣的经历；a chance to win获胜的机会；a fair decision公平的决定。根据猜题所在句子中的such可知intuition指代的是上文中的“A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist（接待员）, who can see and tell how a patient is doing, This may influence the treatment effect.通常去看医生的时候会有一个前台接待员，他可以看到并告诉病人情况，这可能会影响治疗效果。”，可知猜题句是指“病人的网站不太可能有这样的理解能力”，所以intuition应指“理解的能力”，故选A。

【考点】词义猜测

32.【答案】C

【解析】根据第六段中“Next, sharing the details of one’s life requires trust, which takes time to build.”，可知分享生活细节需要信任，所以选项A是错误；根据第八段中“Very talented companies are working on it”，可知有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题，所以选项B是错误的；根据第七段中“When someone without a

medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there’s room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds— and also great worry.当一个没有医学学位的人在网站上看到一个没有任何解释的标记结果时，就会有各种各样的故事在他们脑海中形成，同时也会产生巨大的担忧。”，可知标记的结果可能会引起患者的担忧，所以选项C是正确的；根据第八段中“There is medical equipment（设备） that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine.”，可知有医疗设备可以在家里通过远程医疗发送必要的信号和心脏声音，所以选项D是错的。故选C。

【考点】推理判断

33.【答案】D

【解析】根据最后一段“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects.”，可知技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果，所以选项A是错误的；选项B意为“远程医疗可以取代通常的医疗保健。”，文章中没有提及，所以排除；根据第八段中“So how does medicine adapt（适应） to the new technology age? Very talented companies are working on it那么医学如何适应新技术时代呢? 有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题。”，可知选项C是错误的；根据最后一段“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果。让我们的人性不用成为其中一个。”，可知选项D符合原文。故选D。

【考点】推理判断

四、

34.【答案】She noticed plastics.

【解析】根据第1段中“Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there.”可知Anna Du在海滩散步的时候注意到了塑料。故答案为：She noticed plastics.

35.【答案】At the age of 12. / When she was 12 years old.

【解析】根据第2段中“Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by doing a little research.”可知Du做了一点调查来解决这个问题的时候，她12岁了。故答案为：At the age of 12. / When she was 12 years old.

36.【答案】It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.

【解析】根据第3段中“Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.”可知Du的ROV能够在水中移动，找到海底的塑料。故答案为：It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.

37.【答案】Because she likes building things to help solve world problems.

【解析】根据最后一段中Du的话“I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems”可知她想要成为一名工程师是因为她喜欢制造东西来帮助解决世界问题。故答案为：Because she likes building things to help solve world problems.

38.【答案】Her good engineering sense to break down a problem, the engineering skills necessary to build it, her persistence（not giving up） and her parents’support.（另外答出the careful observation, the awareness of protecting the oceans也可酌情给分）

【解析】根据第5段中“She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it”可知她在解决问题方面有良好工程悟性；根据第6段中“and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV”可知她学会了建造ROV所需的工程技术；根据第6段中“She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.”可知她不轻言放弃；根据倒数第2段中“Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math （STEM）.”可知Du的父母很支持她。这几点都是她成功制作ROV的重要因素。故答案为：Her good engineering sense to break down a problem, the engineering skills necessary to build it, her persistence（not giving up） and her parents’support.（另外答出the careful observation, the awareness of protecting the oceans也可酌情给分）

五、

39.【答案】①例文：

Dear Peter,

How are you getting on? I’m writing this email to say sorry, because I lost the book which I borrowed from you a week ago. I want to make up for my error. I will buy the same one from the bookstore and send it to you. What do you think of my method? I hope that you can forgive me. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

②例文：

Without accumulating, we can hardly achieve anything. As for me, I have taken lots of measures to accumulate knowledge. First of all, I attentively listened to the teachers, parents, and the others who could provide me with much knowledge, considering that it was one of the most effective ways to enrich myself. In the second place, I used to observe something carefully and took note at the same time so that I would not miss anything important. Last but not least, when having spare time, I chose to read various books and reviewed what I had gained regularly.

In a word, I have learned a lot during the process of accumulating knowledge. Just as an old saying goes, Rome was not built in one day. That is to say, one cannot succeed without persistent accumulation. So I have learned that only by gaining knowledge step by step can we achieve our goal and realize our dream. In the future, I will continue to keep accumulating knowledge and make greater progress.

【解析】①1.题干解读：该题目属于记叙文写作，写作时要按邮件格式写。开头介绍我写信的目的；接下来介绍我打算如何弥补我的过失；最后希望你能原谅我。

2.例文点评：例文采用一段式；用第一人称来叙述内容；时态采用一般现在时和一般过去时，用一般将来时介绍我提出的弥补办法，介绍全面，条理清晰，用连词连接并列成分，文章前后连贯。

3.高分亮点：短语：borrow from；want to do sth.；send…to…；look forward to。

句型：定语从句which I borrowed from you a week ago；宾语从句that you can forgive me。

②1.题干解读：本题属于材料作文，题目的开头已给出。要求根据提示词语和提示问题来写一篇短文，谈谈你在积累知识方面做过什么，有什么收获。写作时要紧扣材料内容并进行适当发挥。适当使用副词和连词等增加亮点。写好时，再阅读一遍，减少语法错误，不要犯单词拼写上的错误。

2.例文点评：这是一篇比较优秀的例文。例文紧扣题目要求，用上了所给提示词并回答了“你是如何积累知识的？”和“你从中学到了什么？”这两个问题。例文简明扼要，结构清晰，语言表达到位。

3.高分亮点：单词和短语：as for；take lots of measures to do sth.；first of all；provide sb. with sth.；used to do sth.；at the same time；last but not least；in a word；step by step；make progress。

句型：who引导的限制性定语从句；that引导的宾语从句；so that引导的目的状语从句；when引导的时间状语从句；what引导的宾语从句；以only开头的倒装句。