2022年中考英语语法复习第07讲时间介词(学生版)

  知识图谱 时间介词  知识精讲介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、throughout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 一、表“在…时”的时间介词 用法示例in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。in the 20th century,in the 1950s, in 1989,in summer, in January,in the morning, in one’s thirtieson表示特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、节日或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上。on May 1st, on Monday,on New Year’s Day,on a cold night,on Sunday afternoonat表示某一具体时刻，有时也表示在某些节假日；若把某一段时间看作某一时刻也可用at。at 3:20, at Christmas,at the beginning of, at night,at noon, at this moment 二、常见时间介词辨析1. in和after 用法示例in“in＋一段时间”用于一般将来时，表示将来的一段时间之后。My mother will come back in threedays.after“after+将来时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后,用于将来时。She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.2. for, from, since 用法示例for后接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久；Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.from后接时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短；My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.since后接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻，因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用。Tom has been doing his homework  since seven o'clock.3. during, through, over 用法示例during指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。He often falls asleep during the class.through在……期间；从……开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内，此时与 throughout 相同)。Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his father's illness.overwhile doing, having, eating, etc. (sth.)在(做)……期间。此外，over还有“throughout (a period)贯穿(一时间段)”的意思，等于during。We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and the New Year.4. before, by, until/ till 用法示例before早于；在……之前。The new road will be completed before the end of the year.by①表示“不迟于……，在(某时)前”。②表示“在……期间，在……时间内”。①All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.②He worked by night and slept by day.until/ till①until/ till表示“直到……” 表示动作持续到什么时候，常与表示延续性的动词连用；② not…until… 表示“直到……才……”，常与表示瞬间性的动词连用。①I will work here until six o’clock.②The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight.  三点剖析一、考点：时间in/ on/ at介词的用法。 二、重难点：时间介词的辨析及用法。时间介词是考查重点，主要以单项选择以及完形填空等题型来考查。注意：during 表示事件发生在何时（when），意为“在……期间内”的行为或状态。in 表示时间段，相当于during，但是注意在选择的时候一定要优先选择during。例：They visited many cities during their stay in China.    他们在中国期间，游览了许多城市。 表“在…时”的时间介词例题1、  He often goes to school by bike _________ the morning.A.atB.inC.onD.for随练1、  He was born ________．(  )A.at a cold nightB.on a cold nightC.in a cold nightD.for a cold night随练2、  The post office is closed ______ Saturday afternoon.A.onB.inC.ofD.at随练3、  Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _________ half an hour.A.byB.inC.forD.until 常见时间介词辨析例题1、  Shanghai Disneyland has started to be built and it will be open_________ five years.A.inB.forC.fromD.before 拓展1、  How long do you think it will be ______ another e-commerce giant comes out to exceed Alibaba?A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.until2、  My mum's letters really encouraged me _____ my illness.A.overB.forC.throughoutD.within3、  I always check the prices of different brands _____ I make a major purchase.A.beforeB.becauseC.althoughD.where