2022年中考英语语法突破冠词的概念及应用（无答案）

  知识图谱 冠词的概念和用法  知识精讲冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,通常放在一个名词的前面,帮助说明该名词的词义。冠词有三种：定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a/an）和零冠词。 一、冠词的基本用法:在学习冠词的用法时，必须明确特指与泛指的概念，特指是大家都知道的所指的事物或内容；泛指是指不明确、不特别指明的或者一类中任何具有代表性的人或事物。名词前用哪一个冠词、用还是不用冠词通常取决于名词的类别和意义。也就是名词可数还是不可数、单数还是复数、特指还是泛指。它们的关系可以用下表表示：                   冠词意义      用法举例  名词类别 特     指泛          指表类别表示“一个(些)”可数名词单数the booka book/an ideaa book/an idea可数名词复数the booksbookssome books不可数名词the waterwatersome water 二、.不定冠词的用法： 1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.注意：不定冠词固定用法a great deal 大量in a moment立刻get a cold 感冒in a hurry 急匆匆地do sb. a favor 帮某人忙get in a word 插话give a concert/ lesson 举行音乐会/上课go out for a walk 出去散步have a cold/cough/fever/headache/pain 感冒/咳嗽/发烧/头疼/疼痛have a gift for......天赋have a good time 玩得开心have a match/meeting 比赛/开会make a face 做鬼脸make an effort 努力make a living 谋生make a speech 作演讲make a start 开始(着手)make an apology 道歉make it a rule 定下规矩pay a visit 拜访take a seat 坐下take a message for 给……捎个口信 三、 定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the rich, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.He is the tallest student in our class.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder. 注意：定冠词的固定搭配1. 表示一天中的时间in the morning 在早晨/ 上午in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上温馨提示at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at day-break, at sunrise, at sunset, at midday 等结构中习惯上不用the.2. 表示地点、方向、时间等at the moment 此刻at the corner 在拐角处at the age of在……岁时at the same time 同时in the meantime 同时in the middle在……中间in the end 最终in the year of 1982 在1982 年at the top/bottom在……的顶/底部at the beginning/end在……的开端/末端at the foot .....的脚下温馨提示如果出现对称的方位或时间，冠词往往可省略或不用。from the )east to( the )west 从东到西from(the)beginning to(the)end 从头至尾day after day 日复一日day by day一天天地,逐渐3. 其他搭配all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意all the same 完全一样at the top of one's voice 以某人最高的声音break the law 触犯法律by the way 顺便说一下in the way 挡道go to the cinema 看电影go to the theatre 去看戏in the darkness 在黑暗中in the habit of有做....的习惯to the point简洁，中肯on the other hand 在另一方面on the contrary 正相反on the whole 大体上on the air 正在播出中make the bed 铺床to tell the truth 说实话with the help ……的帮助下 四、 零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.注意：零冠词固定搭配1. 两个相对的名词并用时Husband and wife were rejoiced at the news.夫妻俩听到这条消息很高兴。father and son 父子      mother and child 母子master and servant 主卜      pen and ink 笔墨war and peace战争与和平     sun and moon日月2. 其他成对的名词day and night 日日夜夜      face to face 面对面地hand in hand 手拉手      shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地side by side 肩并肩地      from time to time 时不时地step by step一步一步地      one by one一个接一个from south to north 从南到北    little by little 渐渐地(3)介词短语at dinner 在吃饭       at ease自由自在地at first glance 乍一看      at first hand 第一手地at first sight 乍一看      at first thought 初一想at present 目前       at leisure 不慌不忙by accident 偶然       by chance 偶然by hand 手工        by mistake 错误地on earth在世界上，究竟     on foot 步行on fire 在燃烧       on purpose 故意地on time 准时        on board在船(或火车、飞机)上on second thought 又一想，转念一想in danger 在危险中      in debt 负债in order 整齐地       in fact 事实上in prison 坐牢       in private 私下地in use 在使用中       in public 公开地for instance 例如       for example 例如for sure/certain 肯定地4. 动词短语ask for help 寻求帮助      ask for advice 征求建议catch fire 着火       ask for trouble 找麻烦catch/get/take hold of 抓住     come back to life 苏醒come to/into power 掌权     catch sight of 无意中看见do good/harm/wrong to .对....好处/害处/冤枉 lose heart 灰心丧气take place 发生       take part in 参加lose weight 减肥       learn...by heart 背诵come/rank first 名列第一     keep...in mind 牢记make room for.....腾出空间     keep in touch with与....保持联系pay attention to 注意 三点剖析一、重点：不定冠词，定冠词和零冠词的应用。二、难点：固定搭配中的冠词的应用。高考阶段主要考查冠词的使用，还要求考生掌握固定搭配中冠词的使用以及一些物质名词和不可数名词在某些特殊情况下也可以和不定冠词连用。所以理解的同时，积累一些固定搭配也是本节知识学习必不可少的。三、易错点：1. 不定冠词用法1）有些物质名词，如rain, snow, fog, wind等，其前有形容词修饰时，形容词前应该加不定冠词。如：What a heavy rain! Longjing is a wonderful tea.2）有些不可数名词 knowledge, collection, understanding 等词是由动词转化而来的，后面加of…时，前面常用不定冠词。如：What happened just now shows that a knowledge of first and can make a real difference in an emergency.3) 某些表示特性、状态、情感、情绪等的抽象名词前，如果仅仅表示“概念”，是不可数名词，表示泛指时，要与零冠词连用，但是这类名词被具体化则表示具体的人或事物，表示泛指时，需与不定冠词连用。pressure压力a pressure  一种压力concern 关心a concern 一件令人关切的事experience 经验an experience 一次经历worry 担忧a worry 令人担忧的事wonder 惊奇a wonder 令人惊奇的事2. 在某些习惯用于中，用还是不用冠词，用哪个冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。以下是常见的容易混淆的短语：at table 进餐at the table 在桌子旁in hospital 住院in the hospital在医院里by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边go to sea当水手go to the sea 在海边on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上，在世上take place发生take the place of 代替out of question毫无疑问，一定out of the question 不可能a number of 许多the number of ……的数目in front of 在……（外部的）前面in the front of在……（内部的）前面for a moment 一会儿for the moment 目前，暂时be in charge of 负责……be in the charge of 由……负责，在……掌管之下in possession of 拥有in the possession of 为……所有in sight of 能看见in the sight of 据……的见解in place of 代替in the place of 在……的地方be of age 成年be of an age 同龄 冠词的概念和应用例题1、  The “Chinese Dream ”is _________ dream to improve people’s well-being and _________ dream of harmony, peace and development.A.a; theB.the; theC.a; aD.the; a例题2、  People develop _________ preference for a particular style of learning at _________ early age and these preference affect learning.A.a; anB.a; /C./; theD.the; an随练1、  Being able to afford _________ drink would be _________ comfort in hose tough times.A.the; theB.a; aC.a; /D./;a随练2、  At the celebration gathering, President Xi expressed his belief that Macao will progress in ________ more steady manner on the right track, guided by ________ "one country, two systems" policy．(  )A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.the; a随练3、  Christmas is _________special holiday when _________whole family are supposed to get together．A.the, theB.a, aC.the, aD.a, the 拓展1、  Nanjing is ________ most beautiful city，where you can see ________ famous Changjiang River．（  ）A.a； theB.a； 不填C.the； aD.不填； the2、  —Have you seen ______ film before？—Yes. I saw it on ______ Christmas Day, but I can't remember the exact year. (    )A.the, aB.a, theC.a, aD.the, the