专题38.非谓语动词考点运用---2023届高三英语总复习 （通用）

非谓语动词考点运用

非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是语法填空和短文改错的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考点主要为：动词不定式的功能，现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。

(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)

A study 1.________ (publish) in September suggests there is a 2.________ (surprise) way to get people 3.________ (avoid) unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers 4.________ (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences. “One week later” Loftus says, “5.________ (feed) the people, we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail. 6.________ (tell) that they had got sick after 7.________ (eat) strawberry ice­cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促成的) memory through 8.________ (lead) questions — Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those 9.________ (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice­cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid 10.________ (eat) it.

动词的-ing形式

Reading① is one of Xiao Meng’s hobbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming of becoming② a writer.Last month，she read a book describing③ love between a boss and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whose gift is solving⑤ difficult problems in her dreams.Her colleagues often found her solving⑥ problems while sleeping⑦ soundly.The book is very interesting⑤.Xiao Meng really enjoys reading② the novel and imagines solving② difficult problems in her own dreams.

动词的-ed形式

Dropped① on the ground，the cellphone’s screen was broken；though seen① in the distance，it still looked OK.Xiao Ming had to get it repaired②.However，to repair such a broken③ cellphone needed a lot of money.Xiao Ming was really worried④.

动词的不定式

Xiao Ming wants to play① cellphone games every day and his dream is to play② video games for three days and nights continuously.But he has so much homework to do③.In order to have④ a chance to play③ cellphone games，Xiao Ming decides to study① hard to get④a high score.He really hopes that his father will allow him to play⑤ cellphone games every day.To obtain⑥ such a chance is not easy.

(二)快捷技法

思考趋向1　填非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式

提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。

[解题规则]

1．非谓语动词作主语

一般情况下，动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；而不定式作主语表示一次性的或具体的动作。若不定式、动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语的不定式或动名词后置。另外，不定式作主语时通常指将要发生的动作，动名词作主语则表示已经完成的动作。

2．非谓语动词作表语

动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。

不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。

1.　　　(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 

2.It took him a long time　　　(acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 

3.　　　(travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 

4.　　　(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 

5.It is worth 　　　(check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. 

6.She was doing well and she deserved to get 　　　(pay)more and to receive some extra money for the new year. 

7.First of all,　　　(become)aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress. 

8.We take care of patients of all ages. There is no type of injury, medical, or surgical condition that we are not 　　　(equip) to care for. 

9.They often seem　　　 (dislike) being questioned. 

3．非谓语动词作宾语

(1)不定式作宾语

下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。

此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。

(2)动名词作宾语

①下列动词(词组)常接动名词作宾语

②下列短语常接动名词作宾语

be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy(in), have difficulty/trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), spend time(in)。

(3)另外，有些动词或动词短语后面接不定式与接动名词意义不同

1.I didn’t mean　　　(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it. 

2.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help 　　　(shape) your year ahead. 

3.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do 　　　(work)with students.  

4.Have you ever failed 　　　(start) your journey for the reason of time and money? 

5.The boy kept 　　　(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 

6.Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none of them would bother 　　　(get) the big stone out of the way. 

7.Now, it not only devotes itself to 　　　(sell) books, but combines the functions of the bookstore, café and sale of the creative cultural products. 

8.But if you do find it difficult 　　　(fall) asleep or stay asleep at night, then you should avoid naps and try to build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.  

思考趋向2　填非谓语动词作定语的相应形式

提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词修饰某个名词或代词时，则需要考虑所填词作定语。此时需要考虑动名词、不定式和分词。

[解题规则]

　表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。

点津：表示心理状态的动词­ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词­ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。

1.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially　　　(design)to help them succeed academically and personally. 

2.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train 　　　 (catch). 

3.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time 　　　 (spend) with his students. 

4.To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study 　　　(conduct)in Australia in 2012.  

5.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message 　　　(hide)within the work.  

6.The park was full of people,　　　(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 

7.Emperor Qinshihuang made the seven major states into one 　　　(unite) country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 

8.The workers often worked 17 hours a day and had no time 　　　(learn) English.  

9.It targets highly educated readers and claims an audience 　　　(contain)many influential executives and policy-makers. 

10.Cha,better 　　　(know) by his pen name Jin Yong, died on Tuesday at the Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital at age 94. 

11.Designated a “City of Design” by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China 　　　(present) an official strategy around creative development. 

12.She was lucky because her heater worked and she could pay her　　　(heat) bills. 

思考趋向3　填非谓语动词作宾语补足语的相应形式

提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词对句子宾语起到补充说明的作用，则需要考虑所填词作宾语补足语。此时需要考虑分词和不定式。

[解题规则]

1．不定式作宾语补足语

常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词：advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hire, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit等。

2．现在分词作宾语补足语

常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语：feel, find, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at, get, have, keep, leave, send, set等。

特别提醒：使役动词get, have既可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可以用不定式作宾语补足语。get sb.to do sth./have sb.do sth.表示“使/让某人去做某事”；have sb./sth.doing表示“使/让某人/物一直做某事”，侧重动作的持续进行；get sb./sth.doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”，侧重动作的开始。

3．过去分词作宾语补足语

常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：have, make, get, find, see, notice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。

思考趋向4　填非谓语动词作状语的相应形式

提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词在句子中不作主语、宾语、表语或定语，则需要考虑所填词作状语。此时只需考虑分词和不定式即可。

1.China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries　　　(recognize) its role in international affairs. 

2.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph　　　(take). 

3.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother 　　　(take) good care of at home. 

4.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it 　　　(perform) live is quite another. 

5.One day, he had a huge rock 　　　(place) on a roadway at night. 

6.After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely 　　　(refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all ills. 

7.Approaches to learning Chinese vary from person to person, with more and more people 　　　(choose) university courses in Russia. 

8.Some students will feel a growing sense of fear with the exam season　　　 (approach)while others may appear fairly calm. 

9.Modern adverts began to appear in the 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images　　　 (produce) in newspapers and magazines.  

10.He watched a spider 　　　 (make) a web. 

[解题规则]

1．分词作状语

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。

(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。

(3)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(短语)有：lost(迷路的), seated(坐), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(感到厌烦), faced with(面对)等。

2．不定式作状语

不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to, so as to等来替换，但so as to不能置于句首。

1.　　　(enjoy)the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 

2.A city is the product of the human hand and mind,　　　(reflect)man’s intelligence and creativity. 

3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together　　　(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 

4.Ordinary soap,　　　(use)correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 

5.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,　　　(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. 

6.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online 　　　 (save) their valuable time. 

7.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, 　　　 (allow) more patients to be treated. 

8.　　　(make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.  

9.　　　(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 

10.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, 　　　(turn)the old town into a dreamland.  

11.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, 　　　(make)air conditioning unnecessary.  

12.Much time 　　　(spend)sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 

13.　　　(absorb)in painting,John didn’t notice evening approaching. 

14.　　　(work)for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 

15.　　　(learn) more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 

16.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,　　　(wonder) whether to stay or leave. 

17.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way 　　　(use) the sun and the stars. 

随堂练习

一

Nowadays, more and more Chinese are aware of food waste issues. Even young people tend　1　 (take) home their leftovers when　2　 (dine) out, most of whom would pack the dish in a doggie bag if the leftovers are still in good shape and there are also a lot left, according to the survey 　3　(conduct) by China Youth Daily. The people 　4　(bear) in the 1980s or 1990s believe that　5　 (save) food is a virtue. 

Young people also gave their opinions on how 　6　 (help) reduce food waste. Some advised restaurants 　7　(offer) the serving chopsticks, which would be helpful for customers 　8　 (pack) the leftovers. Others said it might be useful to promote smaller or half-portion dishes. Another good suggestion is that catering businesses give away coupons (优惠券) to customers who clear their plates at dinner. 

China launched a campaign against food waste in 2013 and renewed the call early this year 　9　 (create)an increasingly prosperous society. We can all play a part in 　10　 (reach) the national food waste reduction goal—to reduce food waste by 50% in the next 10 years. 

1.to take　2.dining　3.conducted　4.born　5.saving　6.to help　7.to offer　8.to pack　9.to create　10.reaching　

二

The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way 　1　 (test) whether his men were reliable. 

One day, he had a huge rock 　2　 (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid himself nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock. Some wealthy businessmen and high officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not 　3　 (keep) the roads clear, but none of them would bother 　4　 (get) the big stone out of the way. 

Then a villager came along 　5　 (carry) a load of vegetables. On approaching the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, 　6　 (try) hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After 　7　 (push) many times, he finally succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse 　8　 (lie) in the road where the rock had been. The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, 　9　 (say) that the gold was for the person who removed the huge rock from the road. 

The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents an opportunity 　10　 (improve) one's condition. 

三

Whether they're playing on TV screens or printed in newspapers, adverts are everywhere. Actually, it is quite normal for the average person 　1　 (live) in a city 　2　 (see) thousands of ads every single day. However, ads are not just a tool for getting people 　3　 (buy)things; they also serve as a window into cultures, societies and history. 

Modern adverts began to appear in 　4　 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images 　5　 (produce) in newspapers and magazines.  

Looking at some of these early ads is like 　6　 (take) a step back in time to another world. For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes promised that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions, including 　7　 (breathe) problems. And a 1955 US ad advised mothers 　8　 (mix) the sugary soft drink 7-Up with their baby's milk.  

Nowadays, of course, the harmful effects of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known. Although these adverts seem unusual to us now, perhaps future generations may consider some of today's ads 　9　 (be) just as strange. It 　10　(believe) that advertising can often be an indicator for what society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.  

四

The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most importantly, oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list— 　1　 (block)out harmful bacteria from water. 

The discovery was made by a team 　2　 (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help communities in 　3　 (develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.  

The researchers, 　4　 (lead) by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 　5　 (turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 　6　 (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles. 

They began by 　7　 (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people 　8　 (relate) then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water 　9　 (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. To their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 　10　 (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.  

1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 

6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 

五

In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man 　1　 (call) Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle, as he did almost every day. Tut was a gum-collector(树胶采集者), 　2　 (look) for gum in the jungle. 　3　 (do) this, he had to climb the trees. On his particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.  

Tut didn’t really know what he had seen but he knew it was something special. He ran 　4　 (tell) the local governor, and together they 　5　 (walk)into the jungle. There they found Tikal(蒂卡尔),a city that the Mayans (玛雅人) 　6　 (build) many hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and houses, and places where kings had lived when the Mayan people ruled the region.  

For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, but no one had seen it for centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region, but then the Mayans left there and nobody knows why! After 1000 AD, the jungle began 　7　 (cover) it and people forgot that it was there.  

Seven years before Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didn’t mention Tikal. Even earlier than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city 　8　 (hide) in the trees, but no one would listen to them. Now the 　9　 (lose) city had been found again, and archaeologists went there immediately 　10　 (see) it.  

1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 

6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.