八年级下学期复习指南（人教版）基础篇Unit 5单元重点知识

八年级下学期复习指南（人教版）基础篇>>UNIT 5重点单词alarm n.闹钟                          begin v.开始heavily adv.大量地                     suddenly adv.突然；忽然strange adj.奇特的；奇怪的             storm n.暴风雨wind n.风                            light n.光；光线；光亮report v.& n.报道；公布                area n.地域；地区wood n.木；木头                     window n.窗；窗户match n.火柴                         beat v.敲打；打败against prep.倚；碰；撞                asleep adj.睡着rise v.& n.升起；增加；提高            fallen adj.倒下的；落下的icy adj.覆盖着冰的；冰冷的            kid v.开玩笑；欺骗rainstorm n.暴风雨                    flashlight n.手电筒；火炬apart adv.分离；分开                  realize v.理解；领会；认识到passage n.章节；段落                  pupil n.学生completely adv.彻底地；完全地         silence n.沉默；缄默；无声recently adv.不久前；最近              date n.日期；日子tower n.塔；塔楼                      truth n.实情；事实shocked adj.惊愕的；受震惊的          terrorist n.恐怖主义者；恐怖分子  重点短语go off(闹钟）发出响声                 at first起初；起先pick up接电话                        fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失           have a look 看一看make one's way前往；费力地前进        in silence沉默；无声take down拆除；往下拽；记录重点句型1.Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.当雨水开始猛烈地拍打窗户时本正在帮他的妈妈做晚餐。2.He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3：00 a.m.大约在凌晨3点当风逐渐平息下来时，他终于睡着了。3.When he woke up，the sun was rising.当他醒来时，太阳正在升起。4.While Linda was sleeping，Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.琳达睡觉时，珍妮正在帮玛丽做家庭作业。5.When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way to school.当学校篮球赛开始的时候，凯特还在前往学校的路上。6.Robert Allen is now over 50，but he was a school pupil at that time.罗伯特·艾伦现在50多岁了，但在那时他只是一个学生。7.More recently，most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists.更近一些，当纽约世界贸易中心被恐怖分子撞毁时大多数美国人记得他们当时正在做什么。8.Kate didn't think her friend was telling the truth about the event.凯特认为她的朋友没有说出事情的真相。单元重点语法一、过去进行时态1.概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除了有上下文暗示以外，一般带有具体的过去时间，如：this time yesterday，at 9：00 yesterday morning等；或以when，while 引导的时间状语来表示。2.构成：过去进行时的基本结构为：主语 + was/were + v.ing + 其它成分。否定形式是在be后加not；一般疑问句是将be提前。下面以work为例，将其肯定式，否定式和疑问式及简略答语表述如下肯定式与否定式：I/He/She/It was working. I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They were working. We/You/They were not working.疑问式与简略答语：—Was I working?—Yes，you were./No，you were not.—Were you working?—Yes，I was./No，I was not.—Was he/she/it working?—Yes，he/she/it was./No，he/she/it was not.—Were you/we/they working?—Yes，we/you/they were./No，we/you/they were not. was not常缩写为wasn't； were not常缩写为weren't。过去进行时与一般过去时的用法区别：过去进行时表示过去正在进行或发生的动作，强调动作的持续性，动作可能尚未完成；而一般过去时则多强调动作的发生或已完成。例句：Mary was writing a letter to her father last night.玛丽昨晚一直在给她爸爸写信。（强调写信过程的延续性，但信不一定写完了。）Mary wrote a letter to her father last night.玛丽昨晚给她父亲写了封信。（强调“写信”这个动作，信已经写完了。）二、when 和 while 用法小结when 和while 都可以作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，都有“当……的时候”的意思。但用法有别：1.when 引导的时间状语从句既可以指时间段，也可以指时间点，从句中谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是终止性动词；但while引导的时间状语从句则一般指一段时间，含义是during the time，偏重于动作的过程，从句谓语动词为表状态的延续性动词。例句：It was raining when they arrived. 当他们到达时，正在下雨。（某一时间点）My wallet dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park.我在公园散步时，钱包掉在地上了。（一段时间）Tom fell asleep while his math teacher was giving a lesson.汤姆在数学老师上课的时候睡着了。（接时间段）2.由when引导的时间状语从句中，从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以一前一后先后发生；但while则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。所以，有时when可以代替while，而while则不能代替when。例句：When they heard the good news，they jumped with joy.当他们听到这个消息时，高兴得跳了起来。（while不能代替when）3.when后面通常接一般过去时的从句，而while后接进行时态的句子。例句：While the girl was shopping，the alien got out.= When the alien got out，the girl was shopping.正当那个女孩买东西时，外星人出来了。