八年级下学期复习指南（人教版）基础篇Unit 10单元重点知识

八年级下学期复习指南（人教版）基础篇>>UNIT 10重点单词yard n.院子                       sweet adj.甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的memory n.记忆；回忆              cent n.分；分币toy n.玩具                        bear n.熊maker n.生产者；制订者           scarf n.围巾；披巾；头巾soft adj.软的；柔软的              check v.＆ n.检查；审查board n.板；木板                  clear v.清理；清除junior adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的bedroom n.卧室                    own v.拥有；有railway n.铁路；铁道               part v.离开；分开certain adj.某种；某事；某人        honest adj.诚实的；老实的while n.一段时间；一会儿           truthful adj.诚实的；真实的hometown n.家乡；故乡             nowadays adv.现今；现在；目前search v.＆ n.搜索；搜查            among prep.在（其）中；……之一crayon n.彩色铅笔（或粉笔、蜡笔）  count v.数数 shame n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧         regard v.将……认为；把……视为；看待century n.百年；世纪              especially adv.尤其；特别；格外hold v.拥有；抓住                 consider v.注视；仔细考虑childhood n.童年；幼年opposite prep.与……相对；在……对面 adj.对面的；另一边的 重点短语yard sale庭院拍卖会                bread maker 面包机soft toy 软体玩具；布绒玩具        check out 察看；观察board game 棋类游戏               junior high school 初级中学clear out 清理；丢掉                no longer 不再；不复part with 放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的东西）as for 至于；关于                  to be honest说实在的even though即使；纵然             according to依据；按照a symbol of ……的象征             across from在……对面close to 几乎；接近重点句型1.—How long have you had that bike over there? 那边那辆自行车你买了多久了？—I've had it for three years.我买了三年了。2.—How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他儿子拥有轨道火车玩具多久了？—He's owned it since his fourth birthday.他从四岁生日时就拥有它了。3.—Have you ever played football? 你曾经踢过足球吗？—Yes，I did when I was little，but I haven't played for a while now.是的，小的时候踢过，但是现在我有一段时间没踢了。4.It's been around for at least 20 years.它至少已经存在20年了。5.Nowadays，millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.如今，数百万中国人离开农村去城市找工作。6.Among these is Zhong Wei，a 46-year-old husband and father.作为一位46岁的丈夫和父亲，钟伟就是其中之一。  单元重点语法   现在完成时（Ⅲ）1.现在完成时的“未完成用法”现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。此时常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。表示“未完成”的句式示 例  现在完成时+for+一段时间We have known each other for twenty years.我们认识有二十年了。I haven't seen her for a long time.我好久没有见到她了。现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984.自1984年以来，史密斯先生就在这里工作。现在完成时+since+从句He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college.自上大学以来他学了大约5000个英语单词。谓语动词用延续性动词，可以用how long提问。例句：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。→How long has he been a soldier? 他参军多长时间了？2.延续性动词与非延续性动词（1）延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换并用在现在完成时中。（2）在现在完成时的句子中，若含有for或since引导的时间状语，则句中谓语一定要用延续性动词。非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的方法有：①将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”，这样才能和时间段连用：begin (start) → be on（开始）go there → be there（去哪里）come back → be back（回来）come here → be here（来这里）open → be open（开门）close → be closed（关门）die → be dead（死）marry → be married（结婚）finish → be over（结束）go to bed → be in bed（上床睡觉）leave → be away（离开）return → be back（回来）get out → be out（出去）fall asleep → be asleep（入睡）lose → be lost（丢失）fall ill → be ill（生病）get (arrive，reach) → be in / at（到达）join (become) → be in / be a member of（参加；加入）②有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词：borrow → keep（借）put on → wear / be on（穿）become → be（成为）get to know → know（认识）buy → have (own)（买）catch a cold → have a cold（感冒）receive → have（收到）go to sleep → sleep（睡觉）例句：They has been married for 6 years.他们已经结婚六周年了。She has kept this book for nearly three weeks.她已经保留这本书将近三周了。