山东省济南市槐荫区2021~2022学年七年级上学期期末调研测 数学试题(含答案)
展开2021~2022学年度第一学期期末调研测试题
七 年 级 数 学(2022.01)
本试题分试卷和答题卡两部分.第Ⅰ卷共2页,满分为48分;第Ⅱ卷共6页,满分为102分.本试题共8页,满分为150分.考试时间为120分钟.
答卷前,请考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上,并同时将考点、姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试卷规定的位置.考试结束后,将试卷、答题卡一并交回.本考试不允许使用计算器.
第I卷(选择题 共48分)
注意事项:
第Ⅰ卷为选择题,每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.答案写在试卷上无效.
一、选择题(本大题共12个小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)
1.下列各组量中,不是互为相反意义的量的是
A.收入80元与支出30元 B.上升20米与下降15米
C.超过5厘米与不足3厘米 D.增大2岁与减少2升
2.为全面掌握某小区居民新冠疫苗接种情况,社区工作人员设计了以下几种调查方案:
方案一:调查该小区每栋居民楼的10户家庭成员的疫苗接种情况;
方案二:随机调查该小区100位居民的疫苗接种情况;
方案三:对本小区所有居民的疫苗接种情况逐一调查统计.
在上述方案中,能较好且准确地得到该小区居民疫苗接种情况的是
A.方案一 B.方案二 C.方案三 D.以上都不行
3.下列各组数中,与数值-1相等的是
A.-(-1) B.(-1)2020 C.|-1| D.-12020
4.下列各图中表示线段MN,射线PQ的是
A.B. C.D.
5.下列运算正确的是
A. B. C. D.
6.“绿水青山就是金山银山”,某地积极响应党中央号召,大力推进农村厕所革命,已经累计投资1.012×108元资金.数据1.012×108可表示为
A.10.12亿 B.1.012亿 C.101.2亿 D.1012亿
7.一个不透明的布袋中装有1个白球和2个红球,它们除颜色不同以外其他都相同,从布袋中任意摸出一个球是白球的概率为
A. B. C. D.1
8.下列方程中,解为x=2的是
A.2x=6 B.x+2=0 C.x-2=0 D.3x+6=0
9.下面的几何体中,哪一个不能由平面图形绕某直线旋转一周得到
A. B. C. D.
10.如图,点C在线段AB上,AB=10,AC=4,点D是BC的中点,则BD的长为
A.2 B.3 C.5 D.6
11.如图,点O在直线AB上,射线OC平分∠DOB.若∠COB=35°,则∠AOD等于
A.110° B.145° C.35° D.70°
12.将一列有理数-1,2,-3,4,-5,6……按如图所示进行排列,则2022应排在
A.位置 B.位置 C.位置 D.位置
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共102分)
注意事项:
所有答案必须用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔(不得使用铅笔和圆珠笔)写在答题卡各题目指定区域内(超出方框无效),不能写在试卷上,不能使用涂改液、修正带等.
不按以上要求作答,答案无效.
二、填空题(本大题共6个小题,每小题4分,共24分.把答案填在答题卡的横线上.)
13.比-4小3的数是 .
14.下列几何体:①圆柱;②正方体;③棱柱;④球;在这些几何体中截面可能是圆的有 . (只填写序号即可.)
15.某校为了举办“迎国庆”的活动,调查了本校所有学生,调查的结果被整理成如图所示的扇形统计图.如果全校学生人数是1200人,根据图中给出的信息,这所学校赞成举办文化演出的学生有 人.
16.如图,把一副三角板相等的两边重合摆放在一起,∠A=90°,∠B=60°,则∠AOB
= 度.
17. 从五边形的一个顶点出发,可以作 条对角线.
- 若,则的值为 .
三、解答题(本大题共9个小题,共78分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.)
19.(本小题满分6分)
计算:
(1) (-17)+7
(2)(-14)-(-39)
20.(本小题满分6分)
计算:2×(-5)+23-3÷
21.(本小题满分6分)
如图,C是线段AB外一点,按要求画图:
(1)画射线CB;
(2)反向延长线段AB;
(3)连接AC,并延长AC至点D,使CD=AC.
22.(本小题满分8分)
先化简,再求值: ,其中.
23.(本小题满分8分)
解方程:
24.(本小题满分10分)
小彬和小明每天早晨坚持跑步,小彬每秒跑4米,小明每秒跑6米,
(1)如果他们站在百米跑道的两端同时相向起跑,那么几秒后两人相遇?
(2)如果小明站在百米跑道的起点处,小彬站在他前面10米处,两人同时同向起跑,几秒后小明能追上小彬?
25.(本小题满分10分)
为了加强语文课外阅读,某年级积极组织学生参加课外阅读读书分享会活动,从年级推荐的四种读物A:《水浒传》、B:《骆驼祥子》、C:《昆虫记》、D:《朝花夕拾》中选择一本读物每周一与班级同学分享读书体会.读书分享会活动组随机抽取本年级的部分学生,调查他们最喜爱的一本读物,并将调查结果绘制成如下两幅不完整的统计图,请你结合图中的信息解答下列问题:
(1)求被调查的学生人数;
(2)补全条形统计图;
(3)已知该年级有1200名学生,估计全年级最喜爱《水浒传》的学生有多少人?
26.(本小题满分12分)
某工人计划加工一批产品,如果每小时加工产品10个,就可以在预定时间完成任务,如果每小时多加工2个,就可以提前1小时完成任务.
(1)该产品的预定加工时间为几小时?
(2)若该产品销售时的标价为100元/个,按标价的八折销售时,每个仍可以盈利25元,该批产品总成本为多少元?
27.(本小题满分12分)
已知数轴上两点A、B对应的数分别为-1、5,点P为数轴上一动点,其对应的数为X.
(1)若点P到点A、点B的距离相等,求点P对应的数是X= ;
(2)数轴上是否存在点P,使点P到点A、点B的距离之和为8?若存在,请求出X的值;若不存在,说明理由;
(3)现在点A、点B分别以2个单位长度/秒和1个单位长度/秒的速度同时向右运动,点P以6个单位长度/秒的速度从O点向左运动,当遇到点A时,点P以原来的速度向右运动,遇到点B后,点P再以原来的速度向左运动……点P不停地往返于A与B之间,求当点A与点B重合时,点P所经过的总路程.
七年级数学试题参考答案与评分标准
一、选择题
题号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
答案 | D | C | D | C | A | B | A | C | B | B | A | A |
二、填空题
13.-7
14.①④
15.480
16.75
17.2
18.1
三、解答题
19.解:计算:
(1)(-17)+7;
=··························································2分
=-10······················································3分
(2)(-14)-(-39)
····························································5分
····························································6分
20.解:2×(-5)+23-3÷
·························································4分
=-8·····················································6分
21. 解:
(1)画图正确,···················································1分
射线CB即为所求;···············································2分
(2)画图正确,···················································3分
射线AE即为所求,···············································4分
(3)画图正确,···················································5分
点D即为所求.···················································6分
22. 解:
·······················································2分
·······················································4分
当时,原式·····················································6分
=-2·············································8分
23.解:
5x+40-5=0············································2分
5x=-40+5············································4分
5x=-35··············································6分
x=-7···············································8分
24.解:(1)设x秒后两人相遇,根据题意得·····························1分
6x+4x=100,···················································3分
10x=100·····················································4分
x=10·····················································5分
答:10秒后两人相遇;
(2)设y秒后小明追上小彬,根据题意得································6分
6y﹣4y=10,···················································8分
2y=10·························································9分
y=5·························································10分
答:两人同时同向起跑,5秒后小明追上小彬
25.解:(1)被调查的学生人数为:12÷20%=60(人);··················3分
(2)60-24-12-16=8·············································6分
·····························································8分
(图对给2分,不需要标记数字)
(3)估计全年级最喜爱《水浒传》的学生有:1200×=480(人).···········10分
26.解:(1)设这批产品预定加工时间为为x小时,·····················1分
10x=12(x-1)·······································3分
10x=12x-12,······································5分
x=6,··········································6分
答:该产品的预定加工时间为6小时;
(2)设该批产品成本为a元/个,·······································7分
100×80%=a+25,···············································9分
a=55,······················································11分
55×60=3300,
答:该批产品总成本为3300元.····································12分
27.解:(1) 2;·················································3分
(2)数轴上存在点P,使点P到点A、点B的距离之和为8.···················4分
理由如下:
①当点P在A左边时,-1-x+5-x=8,································5分
解得:x=-2;·················································6分
②点P在B点右边时,x-5+x-(-1)=8,····························7分
解得:x=6,···················································8分
答:当x=-2或6时,点P到点A、点B的距离之和为8
(3)设经过t秒时点A与点B重合,根据题意得:···························9分
2t=6+t,·············································10分
t=6,················································11分
6×6=36,
答:点P所经过的总路程是36个单位长度.····························12分
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