Module 8（精讲）-2022-2023学年外研版八年级英语上册单元重难单词短语句型语法精讲精炼

讲解本Module 8 Accidents 【学习导航】交际话题: 描述了交通事故或意外事故。重点单词 1. pale adj.(肤色)苍白的2. appear v.出现；显露3. corner n.拐角；街角4. hit v.(使)碰撞5. risk n.危险；风险6. attention n.注意力7. bite v.咬;叮8. climb v.爬；攀爬9. hide v.躲；躲藏10. throw v.扔;掷11. pain n.痛；疼痛重点短语 1.in time及时2.fall off从……跌落3.pay attention注意；留心4.on time按时5.pay attention注意；留心6. think about考虑7. pick up捡起8. take photos= take a photo照相9.start with= begin with以……开始10..make a decision做出决定核心句型 1. While the lights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner.当交通信号灯正要变成红灯时，一辆小汽车突然出现在拐角处。2. Don t ride side by side with your friends.不要和你的朋友们并肩骑车。3. I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again.我正试图捡起它，这时它又咬了我一口。4. As the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse.医生给他做检查时，疼痛加剧了。5. As soon as they learnt what kind of snake bit him, they gave Henry the right medicine……知道是哪种蛇咬了他，就给亨利用了合适的药……。核心语法 过去进行时(二)when与while在过去进行时中的运用Unit 1 While the lights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared.教材新知讲解学点一、policewoman女察(P64)policewoman可数名词，意为“女警察”、其复数形式为policewomen。policeman“(男)警察”，其复数形式为policemen。My aunt is a police woman.我姑妈是一名女警察。police是集体名词，意为“警察”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The police like to help people.警察乐于助人。 学点二、短语wait to do sth.的应用I was waiting to cross the road.我正在等着过马路。(P64)wait to do sth.意为“等待做某事”。I am waiting to have a piano lesson.我正等着上钢琴课。【拓展】① wait for sb. to do sth.等候某人做某事。I’m waiting for Lingling to open the box.我正在等着玲玲打开盒子。 = 2 \* GB3 ②can' t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事。I can't wait to open the box.我迫不及待地要打开盒子。③ wait for等候Someone is waiting for you at the gate.有人正在大门口等你。(2022.洛阳)I couldn’t wait ____ the TV as soon as I got home.A. turn on B. turn on C. to turn on D. for turn on解析：根据句意“我一到家，就迫不及待的打开电视”可知，“迫不及待”用固定短语“can’t waiting to do sth.”，而wait for是等待之意。故选C。答案: C. to turn on 学点三、appear的应用While the lights were changing to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner.当交通信号灯正要变成红灯时，一辆小汽车突然出现在拐角处。(P64)(1) appear不及物动词，意为“出现；显露”。其反义词为 disappear，意为“消失。He suddenly appeared in front of us.他突然出现在我们面前。【拓展】appear还可用连系动司，意为“似乎；好像”。It appears a true story.这个故事似乎是真的。He appears to have many friends.他好像有很多朋友。学点四、fall的应用小结…but the boy fell off his bike and hurt his knee. 但是男孩从自行车上摔了下来并伤了膝盖。(P64)fall off意为“从……跌落”，off后可接名词或代词，相当于fall down from。fell是fall的过去式。He fell off the bike.他从自行车上跌落下来。【拓展】由fall构成的常用短语：fall asleep入睡 fall over掉倒，倒下fall into落入，陷于 fall behind落后fall in love with爱上 fall down跌倒(2022.重庆)— What happened to Meimei?— She fell ____ the bike ____ a snowy morning.A. off； in B. down；at C. off；on解析：fall off“从……跌落”，后可跟宾语；fall down“跌倒；摔倒”，在本题中应先接from再接宾语，排除B项；在具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on表达，排除A项。故选C。答案: C. off；on学点五、短语pay attention的应用Pay attention, stop at the red lights and …What else?注意，红灯处要停下来……，还有什么?(P64)pay attention意为“注意；留心"。pay attention后接宾语时，需加介词to。We should pay more attention to reading.我们应该更加注重阅读。例题：(2022.呼和浩特)When you visit a museum you should ____ the instructions and don’t be against them.A. compare with B. look forward to C. pay attention to D. try out解析：compare with意为“与……进行比较”；look forward to意为“期待”；pay attention to意为“注意”；try out意为“试用”。由下文句意“不要违反它们”可推知前面的句意为“当你参观博物馆时应注意说明”。故选C。答案：C 学点六、短语side by side的应用Don't ride side by side with your friends.不要和你的朋友们并肩骑车。(P64)side by side意为“并排地；肩并肩地”，其引申义为“并肩(努力)；齐心协力。We walked along the beach, side by side.我们肩并肩地沿着海滩散步。They worked side by side with the police to catch the thief.他们和警察齐心协力抓那个小偷。【拓展】arm in arm臂挽臂；hand in hand手拉手；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩；face to face面对面学点七、辨析：sometimes，sometime，some time与some times Sometimes cars appear round the corner and do not stop.有时小汽车出现在拐角处并不停下来。(P65)sometimes表示频率的副词，意为“有时”常用于一般现在时，对其提问时用 how often。sometime意为“(过去或将来的)某个时候，可用于一般过去时或一般将来时，对其提问时用when。some time名词短语，意为“一段时间”，常用于将来时，对其提问时用how long。some times意为“几次，几倍”，对其提问时用how many times。He sometimes sends an e-mail to me.他有时给我发一封电子邮件。They built this building sometime last year.他们去年某个时候建了这个建筑物。I will stay here for some time.我要在这儿待一段时间。Repeat it some times, or you'll forget it.重复几遍，否则你会忘记的。例题：(2022.呼和浩特)—When will we have a meeting next week, Mr. Li?—______. I’m not sure about it.A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times解析：情景大意是“李先生，我们下周什么时候开会啊？”，“某个时候吧，我还没定下来。”sometimes意为“有时”；sometime意为“某个时候”；some time意为“一段时间”，常用于将来时；some times意为“几次，几倍”。故选C。答案：C. some time Unit 2 I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again.学点八、短语pick up的应用I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again. 我正试图捡起它，这时它又咬了我一口。(P66)pick up意为捡起；拾起；拿起”。pick up是“动词+副词”型短语，名词作宾语时，放在up前后均可，人称代词作宾语时必须置于pick与up之间。Mr. Black picked up his hat and went out.布菜克先生拿起他的帽子走了出去。Your pen is on the floor. Pick it up.你的钢笔在地板上。捡起它来。例题：(2022.西安)— Look! What's on the ground?— Oh, it's my sweater. Please ____.A. pick it up B. put it on C. give it out D. take it of解析：pick up意为“捡起；拾起"；put on意为“穿上”；give out意为“分发”；take off意为“脱下”。由上文“Look！What's on the ground?(看！地上是什么?)”可推知，答语应意为“哦，是我的毛衣。请把它捡起来”。故选A。答案: A. pick it up学点九、lie的应用小结··While the snake was lying on the table.当蛇躺在桌子上的时候……(P66)lie此处用作不及物动词，意为“躺；平躺”，其过去式是lied，现在分词形式是lying。He's lying on the bed.他正躺在床上。【拓展】①lie作不及物动词，意为“说谎”，其过去式是lied，现在分词是lying。Don' t lie to me！不要对我撤谎！ = 2 \* GB3 ②lie作名词，意为“谎言；谎话”。tell a lie意为“说谎”。A little boy lay on the ground and lied." A cock has laid an egg."一个小男孩躺在地上撒谎说，“公鸡下了一个蛋。”I think she is telling a lie.我认为她在说谎。学点十、as应用小结As the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse.医生在给他做检查时，疼痛加剧了。(P66)as此处用作连词，意为“当……时；一边……一边……”，引导时间状语从句，侧重于主句与从句的动作同时发生或进行。You will be wiser as you grow older.随着年龄的增长你会更加聪明。【拓展】as的其他用法：①as作介词，意为“作为，以……身份”。He came to China as a tourist 5 years ago.他5年前以游客的身份来到中国。②as作连词，意为“正如；如同”。As you know, Tom is leaving soon.正如你所知道的，汤姆马上就要离开了。③as作连词，还可意为“因为；由于”。As it was raining, I stayed at home.由于下雨，我便待在家里。 学点十一、短语as soon as的应用As soon as they learnt what kind of snake bit him, they gave Henry the right medicine.他们一知道哪种蛇咬了他，就给亨利用了合适的药…(P66)as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。在含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用一般将来时，as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。As soon as they arrive, they will begin to work.他们一到达就会开始工作。Lingling will call us as soon as she gets there.玲玲一到那儿就会给我们打电话。例题：(2022·天津)My family always go somewhere interesting ____ the holiday begins.A. as soon as B. so C. so that D. even though 解析：as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句；so意为“所以”，表示结果；so that意为“以便；因此”，引导目的或结果状语从句；even though意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。由句意“我们一家人总是去有趣的地方”和“假期开始”知此处应用as soon as引导时间状语从句。句意：假期一开始，我们一家人总是去有趣的地方。故选A。答案：A. as soon as学点十二、promise的应用After the two accidents, he promised to take my advice.两次事故后，他答应听从我的劝告(P70)promise此处用作及物动词，意为“答应；许诺”。promise(not) to do sth.意为“答应/允诺(不)做某事”。He promised to help me with my English.他答应帮我学英语。例题：(2022·南昌)用所给单词的适当形式填空The boy has promised ____ (not play) computer games again.解析：promise (not) to do sth.意为“承诺(不)做某事”，为固定搭配。填not to play。句意：这个男孩承诺不再玩电脑游戏。答案: not to play学点十三、number用法小结But after only three minutes, the plane was hit by a large number of birds.但是仅仅3分钟后飞机就被一大群鸟撞击了。(P71)a number of意为“许多；大量”，修饰可数名词复数。number前可加small，large，huge等来表示程度。a number of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。A number of people are standing outside the office.办公室外站着许多人。A number of students were late for school owing to the storm.许多学生因暴风雨而上学迟到。【拓展】the number of意为“……的数量”，修饰可数名词复数。“ the number of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The number of the books is 3, 000.图书的数量是3000册。(2022·齐齐哈尔) A number of visitors ____ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors increasing.A .are; is B. is; are C. are; are解析：“a number of+名词/代词”意为“大量的……"，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故第一个空用are；" the number of+名词/代词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式，故第二个空用is。故选A。答案: A .are; is单元语法盘点过去进行时(二)when与while在过去进行时中的运用when，while都可表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，但二者用法不尽相同。1. when与while的区别在when引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词；而在while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。We were talking when the teacher came in.我们正在交谈，这时老师进来了。(非延续性动词)They arrived when/ while we were having dinner.我们正吃晚饭时他们来了。(延续性动词)2. when引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态主句是过去进行时，when从句用一般过去时。主句是一般过去时，when从句用过去进行时。They were working when it began to rain.他们正在工作，这时开始下起雨来。When I was waiting for the bus, the accident happened.当我正在等公共汽车时，事故发生了。3. while引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态主句是过去进行时，while从句用过去进行时。主句是过去进行时，while从句用过去进行时。I saw an accident while I was walking on the road.在公路上行走时，我看见了一起事故。While she was falling, she was thinking about her cat.在她往下坠落时，她在想她的猫。例题1.(2022.黄冈)— Mike, what were you parents doing at 8:00 last night?— My mother was reading ____ my father was playing computer games.A .while B. when C. unless D. as long as解析：while意为“当……的时候；与……同时"；when意为“当……的时候”；unless意为“除非；如果不”；as long as意为“只要”。句意：“迈克，昨晚八点你的父母在做什么?”；“我妈妈在看书，而我爸爸在玩电脑游戏。”由此可知，答语表示两个动作同时进行，故选A。答案：A .while例题2. (2022·天津) My mother _____ dinner when I got home yesterday.A. has cooked B. was cooking C. will cook D. cooks解析：本句是含时间状语从句的复合句，从句是一般过去时态，所以主句动作应发生在过去，应用过去的某一时态，而has cooked为现在完成时的结构，will cook为一般将来时的结构，cooks为动词的第三人称单数，用于一般现在时，句意：昨天当我到家的时候，我母亲正在做饭。故选B。答案：B. was cooking核心素养解读随着经济的发展(development)，越来越多的(more and more)人都拥有了自己的私家车。但是，摆在面前最现实的一个问题就是合法驾驶(drive)车辆。我们都知道驾驶机动车是需要有机动车驾驶证(driving licence)的。在我们没有取得机动车驾驶证的时候，一定不要进行机动车辆的驾驶。避免出现交通事故(accident)，造成不必要的损失。注意交通安全的同时，一定遵守交通法规的有关规定。A Traffic AccidentLast week when I was walking along the street I saw an old woman walking in front of me. She wanted to cross the street. Suddenly, a car appeared. It was going fast, and it didn’t stop. The car hit her. The old woman fell to the ground. I hurried to help the driver take the old woman to the nearest hospital. Luckily, she did not break an arm or a leg. Now the old woman is feeling much better and her children are looking after her. My mother always told me to be careful, but I didn’t listen to her. After the accident, I am very careful.考考你1.Last week when I ____ along the street I saw an old woman ____ in front of me.A. was walking; walking B. walk; was walkingC. walked; walking D. was walking; walked解析：主句是一般过去时，when从句用过去进行时，排除B/ C。感官动词see的固定结构为see sb. do sth.或see sb. doing sth.故排除D，选A.故选B。答案：B. was cooking2. What happened to her when the old woman wanted to cross the street?解析：根据句子“She wanted to cross the street. Suddenly, a car appeared….The car hit her.”可知“在她想要过马路时，一辆小汽车撞住了她”故答案是“The car hit her”。3. Now the old woman is feeling ____ better…A. much B. many C. very D. too解析：空格后的“better”可知本句意思为“现在那位老太太感觉好多了”，在备选项中，只有much可以修饰比较级，其他都修饰原级，故选A.答案：A. much。