Module 11(精讲)-2022-2023学年外研版八年级英语上册单元重难单词短语句型语法精讲精炼
展开Module 11 Way of life
【学习导航】
交际话题:主要谈论了不同的风俗习惯和风土人情。
重点单词
chess n.国际象棋
chopstick n.筷子
gift n.礼物
surprise n惊奇;意外之事v.使(某人)吃惊
immediately adv.立刻;当即
difference n.差别;差异
accept v.收受;接受
tradition n.传统习俗
experience n.经历;经验
gentleman n.先生;男士
shoulder n.肩;肩膀
重点短语
for the first time首次;初次
fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条
a chess set一副国际象棋
video game电子游戏
for example例如
pay attention to注意;留心
for the first time首次;初次
not just…but…不仅仅……而且
have afternoon tea喝下午茶
stay out待在户外;不回家
核心句型
1.Here's your gift。这是给你的礼物。
2. And you'd better not have your hair cut during the Spring Festival month.
另外,正月里你最好不要理发。
3. You needn't wait!你不必等。
4.You can't be serious!你不是认真的吧!
5. Afternoon tea is not just a drink but a light meal at around 4 pm.下午茶不仅仅是喝茶,而且是下午4点左右的一顿便餐
6.“have+宾语+过去分词”让某事被做;have sb. do sth.让某人做某事。
7.“I don’t think+宾语从句”我认为……不
核心语法
情态动词can,must与need的用法
Unit 1 In China, we open a gift later.
教材新知讲解
学点一、倒装句
Here's your gift.这是给你的礼物。(教材第88页)
倒装句Here' s your gift.是一个倒装句。当here,there在句首且主语是名词时,主语和谓语要倒装;当主语是代词时,主语和谓语不用倒装。
Here we are at the hotel.我们到旅馆了。
例题(2022.兰州) Look!Here come the No 2 bus.(找出错误的一项,并改正)
A B C D
解析:这是一个倒装句,当here,there在句首时,为了强调等,常用倒装句。主语是名词时,主语和谓语要倒装,谓语动词仍受主语的限制,此处主语是单数the No 2 bus,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,故选C。
答案:C。应该为comes。
学点二、感叹句的运用
What a surprise!这真是个惊喜!(教材第88页)
(1)感叹句此句是一个what引导的感叹句。感叹句是英语中一种重要的句式,用来表示人的强烈感情。句末通常用感叹号,朗读时用降调。
what引导的感叹句的句式结构为“ What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!”或
“What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!”。
What an interesting book that is!那是一本多么有趣的书啊!
What good teachers they are!他们是多么好的老师啊!
What fine weather it is!多好的天气啊!
【拓展】how引导的感叹句的句式结构为“How+形容词/ 副词(+主语+谓语)!”或“How+主语+谓语!”
How beautiful the flowers are!这些花多么美丽啊!
How hard they work!他们工作多么努力啊!
How time flies!时光飞逝!
助记感叹句的用法
感叹部分放在前,主语谓语跟后边。
强调名词用what,形副用how表感叹。
口语主谓不常见,叹号用在句末端。
例题(2022.青岛)—______fine weather it is today! Let's go out and enjoy the sunshine!
—Sounds great!
A. What B. How C. How a D. What a
解析:结合选项和题干中的叹号可知,此处是一个感叹句。感叹句可以用what或者how来引导,当被感叹的中心词是名词时,用what;当被感叹的中心词是形容词或副词时,应用how。此句中weather是中心词,且为不可数名词,故选A。
答案:A
学点三、I don’t think I should open it now.我觉得我不应该现在打开它。(教材第88页)
此句是含有宾语从句的复合句,如果主句的谓语动词是believe, think. suppose, expect等,主句的主语又是第一人称且时态是一般现在时,它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要一名前移到主句中,即否定主句中的谓语动词。
We don't think you have to worry about your parents.我们认为你不必为父母担忧。
L don't believe he tells lies.我认为他不说谎。
例题(2022.烟台) I think it is sunny tomorrow. (变为否定句)
解析:此句是含有宾语从句的复合句,谓语动词是think,主句的主语是第一人称且时态是一般现在时,此时,从句的否定词要否定主句中的谓语动词。故答案为:I don’t think it is sunny tomorrow.
学点四、辨析:accept与 receive
…you accept a gift with both hands.…你们用双手接受礼物。(教材第88页)
accept接受表示主观接受,指经过考虑愿意接受。
receive收到只表示客观上收到,不包括本人是否接受的意思。
She has received his present, but she will not accept it.她收到了他的礼物,但是她不会接受的。
助记accept与receive的用法区别
收礼物,很经常,accept,receive不一样
客观收到用receive,主观接受accept来出场。
例题(2021.南京) She give me a book, but in the end, I don’t ____(receive/ accept) it.
解析:此句句意是:“她给了我一本书,但最后我没要”。显然是经过主观考虑过的行为。根据客观收到用receive,主观接受用accept。故选accept。
答案:accept
学点五、
And you'd better not have your hair cut during the Spring Festival month.另外,正月里你最好不要理发。(教材第88页)
have+宾语+过去分词have your hair cut意为“(请别人给你)理发”,此处cut是动词cut的过去分词。“have+宾语+过去分词”结构表示“让某事被做”。该结构中宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系,宾语补足语所表示的动作常由他人(非主语本身)来完成,含有被动意义。
He wants to have his TV repaired.他想让人给他修一修电视。
例题(2022.洛阳) You don’t have your homework ______.
A. done B. did C. do D. does
解析:“have+宾语+过去分词”结构表示“让别人做某事,含有被动之意,及“让某事被做”,要用过去分词形式,故选A。
答案:A. done
学点六、They taste great.它们尝起来非常好吃。(教材第88页)
taste此处用作连系动词,意为“有……的味道”,其后要用形容词作表语。
The fish your mother cooked tasted delicious.你妈妈做的鱼尝起来很可口。
The food tasted better than it looked.这食物尝起来味道比看上去要好。
【拓展】常见的连系动词有smell有…气味;look看起来;sound听起来;feel觉得,摸起来;taste有…的味道。
例题:(2022·安阳) The cake tastes and it is really delicious.
A. well B. badly C. good D. bad
解析:taste此处意为“有…味道”,为连系动词,后应接形容词作表语,well用作形容词时意为“健康”,表示身体好;badly为副词,故排除A、B两项;再由下文的delicious可知有很好的味道,故用good(好的)。
答案:C. good
Unit 2 In Enqland, you usuallv drink tea with milk.
学点七、someone不定代词的用法
For example, you must say Mr. or Mrs. When you meet someone for the first time.例如,初次与某人见面时,你必须称呼先生或太太。(教材第90页)
someone不定代词,意为“某人,有人”,相当于somebody。someone作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
There is someone waiting for you at the school gate.有人在校门口等你。
Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲门。
例如:(2022·济南)—Sir, ______ called you just now. I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.
—OK. Thanks, Lucy.
A. someone B. nobody C. anyone D. everyone
解析:someone“某人”,常用于肯定句;nobody“没有人”;anyone“任何人”,常用于否定句、疑问句;everyone"每个人”。由后文句意“我告诉他20分钟后再打电话”可知,此处意为“先生,刚才有人给你打电话了”,且该句为肯定句,故选A。
答案:A. someone
学点八、Afternoon tea is not just a drink but a light meal at around 4pm.下午茶不仅仅是喝茶,而且是下午4点左右的一顿便餐。(教材第90页)
not just…but。意为“不仅仅……而且……”。该结构可连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语或状语,说话的侧重点在后一部分。当连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词应同靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Miss Wang is not just a teacher but a good friend of mine.王老师不仅仅是我的老师,而且还是我的好朋友。
Not just you but he likes country music very much.不但你,而且他也很喜欢乡村音乐。
例题:(2022.济南)This book is not just interesting _____ useful.
A. but B. but also C. although D. though
解析:本句意思是“这本书不仅有趣,而且有用”,含有关系递进。although 和though都表示转折,一般用在句子前面。故排除C/D。而but also常与not only组成固定短语。故选A。
答案:A. but
Unit 3 Languaqe in use
学点九、at the age of的用法
Can you drive a car at the age of seventeen in England?在英国,你们可以在17岁时开车吗?(教材第92页)
at the age of意为“在…岁时”,后面接基数词,不能再接years(old)。相当于when引导的时间状语从句。
The boy went to school at the age of six. =The boy went to school when he was six years old.那个男孩6岁的时候就去上学了。
The great scientist died at the age of 60.这位伟大的科学家在60岁时去世了。
【拓展】at the age of…也可简略为at age…或at…。
My sister began to learn French at(age) 13.我姐姐在13岁时开始学习法语。
例题:(2022.信阳)He joined the army _____ the age _____18.
A. at;of B. at;in C. in;in D. in;at
解析:本句意思是“他18岁参军”,表示“在…..岁”用固定短语“at the age of…”故选A。
答案:A. at;of
单元语法盘点
情态动词can,must与need的用法
1.情态动词can的用法
(1)表示能力,意为“能,会”I can sing this song in English.我能用英语唱这首歌。
Tony can speak Chinese.托尼会说汉语。
(2)表示请求或许可,意为“可以”否定形式是cannot/can't,意为“不可以,不能”。
You can use my pen.你可以用我的钢笔。
Can I come in?我可以进来吗?
You can't park your car here.你不能把车停在这里。
2.情态动词must的用法
must意为“必须”,表示说话者主观上认为有必要或者有义务去做某事。其否定式是 mustn't,意为“一定不要,不准”。
We must get there before five o clock.我们必须在5点前赶到那儿。
You mustn't break the rules.你一定不要违反规定。
【拓展】以must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不必”。
—Must I stay here after school?放学后我必须留在这里吗?
—No, you needn’t/ don’t have to.不,没有必要。
助记can’t与mustn't的用法:
情态动词must,can,使用起来并不难;
不可能用can't;一定不要用mustn't
3.情态动词need的用法
(1)need意为“需要”,常用于否定句或疑问句中,其否定形式 needn't表示“不需要,不必要”。
You needn’t go there yourself.你不必亲自去那儿。
Need I help you do the housework?需要我帮你做家务活吗?
(2)以need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。
—Need I do anything for you?需要我为你做些什么吗?
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.是的,你必须做。/ 不,没有必要。
【拓展】need也可以作行为动词,常用于need to do sth.这一结构,表示“需要做某事”。
We need to clean our classroom.我们需要把教室打扫一下。
例题(1)(2022·潍坊) A good friend is someone you ______share your pleasure and pain with.
A. can B. need C. should D. must
解析:can意为“可以,能”;need意为“需要”;should意为“应该”;must意为“必须根据常理可知,好朋友是你“可以”与之分享快乐、分担痛苦的人。故选A。
答案: A. can
例题:(2)(2021·福建)—Mum, may I go swimming now?
Yes, dear, but remember that you_______ go with your dad.
A. May B. can C. must
解析:may意为“可以”;can意为“能够,可以”;must意为“必须”。由句意“妈妈,我现在可以去游泳吗?”“可以,亲爱的。但是记得必须和你爸爸一起去”可知选C。
答案: C. must
核心素养解读
了解一个国家或地区的风俗习惯及乡土人情等很重要,不然会容易失去礼节。
在美国,当人们初次见面时,他们谈论天气(weather)、家庭(family)、工作(work)、学校(school)或运动(sports)等话题。涉及这些方面的问题是有礼貌的问题,但是有些事情是个人或私人的问题,接下来阅读短文了解一下有关的情况吧。
In America when people meet each other for the first time, they talk about things like weather, family, work,
school, or sports. They ask questions like “Do you have brothers or sisters?” “Where do you work?” “What school
do you go to?” and “Do you like sports?” “Where do you come from?” and “Where do you live?” These are
polite questions, not personal or private questions.
But you don’t ask questions about a person’s salary. how much someone paid for something. It is OK to ask children how old they are, but it is not polite questions about politics or religion unless you know them very well.
People don’t ask unmarried people “Why are you single?” and they don’t ask a married couple without children
“Why don’t you have any children?”
In America, for the first time, you can ask:(礼貌用T不礼貌用F)
1.Why don’t you have any children?(F)
2.Do you have brothers or sisters? (T)
3.Do you like sports? (T)
4.Why are you single? (F)
5.How old is your children? (T)
6.we can ask the questions about politics or religion. (F)