所属成套资源:外研新标准英语初二上学期练习题全套
Module 12(精讲)-2022-2023学年外研版八年级英语上册单元重难单词短语句型语法精讲精炼
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Module 12 Help【学习导航】交际话题:主要谈论在地震中如何进行自我保护、预防校园突发事件的情况。重点单词 broken adj.破碎的stairs n.(pl.)楼梯aid n.救助;帮助lift v.举起;抬起;提起n.电梯harmful adj.有害的earthquake n.地震warn v.警告;告诫calm adj.镇静的;沉着的helpful adj.有用的;提供帮助的power n.电;电力重点短语 first aid急救keep clear of…不和…接触make sure确保;确认first of all首先stay away from远离keep calm保持镇静have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难核心句型1.Let's imagine an accident.让我们想象一起事故。2.First of all,find out what's wrong with him.首先,弄清楚他怎么了。3.But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you.但是他有可能难以听到你或者和你说话4.Make sure he' s warm.确保他不受凉。5. That's such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty.这个建议非常好,贝蒂,你都可以当医生了!核心语法 1.祈使句的四种句式2.情态动词can,must, could表示推测Unit 1 What should we do before help arrives? 教材新知讲解学点一、broken碎的(教村第96页)broken用作形容词,意为“破碎的;坏的;不能使用的。The foor was covered with broken glass.地板上满是碎政璃。My computer is broken.我的电脑坏了。【拓展】break作动词,意为“(使)破碎;意为”(使)破碎;(使)断裂”,其过去式为broke,过去分词为broken。Who broke the window?谁打破了窗户?例题:(2022.大连)My bike______It will be fixed tomorrow.A. new B. light C. dirty D.broken解析:new意为“新的”;light意为“轻的”;dirty意为“脏的”;broken意为“坏的”。根据下一句" It will be fixed tomorrow."可知,“我”的自行车坏了。故选D,答案: D.broken 学点二、句型What' s wrong with…?的运用First of all, find out what,'s wrong with him.首先,弄清楚他怎么了。(教材第96页)What' s wrong with…?意为“……怎么了?相当于:What' s the matter with…? What's the trouble with…?常用来询问某人或某物怎么了或出了什么毛病。wrong形容词,意为“有毛病的,错误的”。What' s wrong with you?你怎么了?What' s wrong with your leg?你的腿怎么了?例题:(2022.南京)—What's wrong ____ your bike, Tom? —It doesn’t work.A. to B. with C. by D.of解析:通过下文可知“它不工作了(坏了)”可知上句问的是“汤姆,你的自行车怎么了?”,对于表示“询问某人或某物怎么了或出了什么毛病”常用句型“What' s wrong with …?”,故选B。答案: B. with 学点三、名词trouble的运用But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you.但是他有可能难以听到你或者和你说话。(教材第96页)have trouble(in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。trouble不可数名词,意为问题;麻烦;困难”。I have trouble finding work.我找工作很费劲。【拓展】trouble还可以作动词,意为“麻烦;劳驾费神”。I don’t want to trouble the doctor with such a small problem.我不想为了这个小问题麻烦医生。例题:(2022.济南) Mary has trouble ______(learn) English.(用适当形式填空)解析:本句句意“玛丽在学习英语方面有麻烦。”如果表示某人在某方面有麻烦用固定短语have trouble(in) doing sth.介词in常常省略。故用learn的—ing形式。答案: B. learning 学点四、形容词harmful的用法No, that could be harmful!不行,那可能会有伤害!(教材第96页)harmful形容词,意为“有害的”,be harmful to sb.sth.意为“对某人/某物有害的”Do you know it'' s harmfu?你知道它是有害的吗?Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟对你的健康有害。【拓展】do harm to sb./ sth.意为“对某人/某物有害”,其中ham为不可数名词It does harm to our environment.它对我们的环境有害。例题:(2022·锦州)Too many cars are_____to the environment, so we'd better take the buns more.A. useful B. harmful C. helpful D.meaningful解析:useful意为“有用的”;harmful意为“有害的”,helpful意为“有帮助的”; meaningfuls意为“有意义的”。句意“太多汽车对环境是_____,所以我们最好多坐公共汽车“可知B项符合题意。 答案:B. harmful 学点五、辨析:drop与fallYou could drop him and hurt him even more.你可能会瘗着他而使他伤得更严正。(教材第96页drop(dropped,dropped)此处用作及物动词,意为“使落下”,它也可作不及物动词,意为下”。He dropped his hook on a chain.他把书手了椅子上。One of my books dropped.我的书掉了一本。辨析:drop与falldrop可以是偶然地“丢掉”,也可以指故意“投下”。The runner dropped his stick.这个赛跑运动员掉了接力棒。fall多指因地球引力所导致的“下落”或因失去平衡而“跌落”。The little girl fell to the ground.这个小女孩跌倒在地上。【拓展】drop还可用作名词,意为“滴”。a drop of water一滴水。例题:(2022.西安)An apple _____ down to the ground from the tree.A. drop B. fall C. falls D.drops解析:首先,主语是第三人称单数,受主语影响,一般现在时谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式,故排除A/ B。drop可以是偶然地“丢掉”或故意“投下”。 fall多指因地球引力所导致的“下落”,故选C。答案:C. falls 学点六、辨析:so…that与such…thatThat's such good advice that you could be a doctor, Bety!这个建议非常好,贝蒂,你都可以当医生了!(教材第96页)such…that…意为“如此……以至于…”其中such是形容词,后面要接名词(短语)。It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.天气如此冷以至于街上没有一个人。辨析: so…that与such…that两者都意为“如此……以至于……”,但用法有区别,具体如下:so+adj./ adv.+that从句,so+adj.+a/ an+可数名词单数+that从句。such+a/ an+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句。;such+adj.+可数名词复数+that从句;such+ adi.+不可数名词+that从句。He's so young that he can’t go to school.他太小了,不能去上学。He is such a clever boy that we all like him.他是一个如此聪明的男孩以至于我们都喜欢他注意:如果名词前有many,much,few或 little(少)修饰,要用so…that…,不能用such…that…。There are so many beautiful skirts that she can't decide which one to choose.有这么多漂亮的裙子,她都不能确定选哪一条了。例题:(2022·营口)Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is______a good book ______everyone likes it.A. so; that B. too; to C. enough; to D. such; that解析:so…that…和such…that…都意为“如此……以至于……",that后接从句;但so后接形容词或副词,such后接名词或名词短语。too…to…意为“太……而不能……”;enough to意为“足够……能……”,这两个结构中的to后都接动词原形。由第二个空后为句子可知应排除选项B、C。a good book(一本好书)为一个名词短语,故用such…that,选D。答案: D. such; thatUnit 2 Stay away from windows and heavy furniture.学点七、so it is difficult to warn people about them.所以很难给予人们预警。(教材第98页)warn sb. about…意为“提醒/警告某人注意……”warn此处用作及物动词,意为“警告,告诫”。He warned me about the thief.他提醒我注意小偷。【拓展】warn的常用短语①warn sb. of sth.意为“警告某人某事”They warned him of the danger.他们警告他有危险。②warn sb. (not) to do sth.意为“警告某人(不要)做某事” warn sb. not to do sth.与 warn sb. against doing sth.同义。Our teacher warned us not to play football on the street.=Our teacher warned us against playing football on the street.我们的老师警告我们不要在街上踢足球。例题(2022·信阳) Her parents often warn her _____ her schoolwork.A. against B. about C. to do D. to解析:warn用作及物动词,意为“警告,告诫”。 warn sb. about…后接名词或代词,意为“提醒”,后接动词时,往往用“to do”形式,常用结构warn sb. (not) to do sth.意为“警告某人(不要)做某事”,如果用against,则后接动词的—ing形式。故根据句意“她父母经常提醒她注意她的功课”选B。答案:B. about 学点十三、helpful形容词的用法Be brave and be help.要勇敢,乐于助人。(教材第98页)helpful形容词,意为“有用的;提供帮助的”。Horses are very helpful animals.马是非常有用的动物。Our teacher gave us a lot of helpful books.我们的老师给了我们许多有帮助的书。例题(2022·日照)—Could you please fix my phone?—Sorry. The shop next may be________.A. useful B. helpful C. careful D. hopeful解析:useful“有用的”;helpful“有帮助的”careful“认真的”;hopeful“有希望的。由问句句意:“您可以帮我修手机吗?”可推知答语句意为“对不起,旁边的商店可能会帮到您”。故选B。答案:B. helpfulUnit 3 Language in use学点十四、复合形容词ten-vear-oldA ten-year-old girl saved about one hundred other tourists in 2004 by warning them that a tsunami.在2004年,一个10岁的女孩通过提醒人们海啸……挽救了大约一百名其他游客的性命。(教材第102页)复合形容词ten-vear-old是复合形容词,修饰名词girl。复合形容词由“数词+名词+形容词”构成,其中的名词只能用单数,不可以用复数形式,词与词之间用连字符“—”连接。复合形容词常在名词前作定语,通常不作表语。He is a 15-year-old boy.他是一个15岁的男孩。That's a 20-metre-tall tree.那是一棵20米高的树。 学点十五、形容词proud的运用Tilly's teacher was very proud of her.蒂莉的老师为她感到很自豪。(教材第102页)be proud of意为“为……而自豪;以……为骄傲”,与take pride in同义。His parents are very proud of him.=His parents take pride in him.他的父母为他感到骄傲。proud是形容词,意为“骄傲的;自豪的。ride是名词,意为“自豪感;骄傲”We are proud of our country.我们为我们的国家而自豪。Her daughter is her pride.她的女儿是她的骄傲。例题:(2021·晋城)No matter what problems we meet, we should try to solve them, and even though we fail, teachers and parents______us.A. are strict with B. are worried about C are proud of解析:be strict with意为“对……要求严格”;be worried about意为“担心……";be proud of意为“为…感到自豪”。联系上文“无论我们遇到什么困难,我们都应尽力去解决它们,即使我们失败了”可知,be proud of符合语境。此处意为“老师和父母(也)为我们感到自豪”。故选C。答案: C are proud of单元语法盘点一、祈使句祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、警告或禁止等语气的句子。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称,通常省略,谓语动词要用原形。祈使句的句末通常用句号或感叹号。朗读时用降调。1.祈使句的四种句式(1)Let型:Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)Let him come here.让他来这儿。(2)Do型:行为动词原形(+宾语+其他)Cut up these bananas.把这些香蕉切碎。(3)Be型:Be+表语(+其他).Be quiet.保持安静。(4)No+v.-ing/名词No smoking!禁止吸烟!为了使祈使句的语气更委婉,常在句首或句末加上please。Sit down, please.请坐。2.祈使句的否定句(1)Don't+动词原形(+其他)。Don’t be late for school.上学不要迟到。(2)以let开头的祈使句的否定形式有两种:①Don't+let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)Don’t let the dog come into the room.不要让狗到房间里来。②Let+宾语+not+动词原形(+其他)Let’s not tell the news to him. It's a secret.咱们别把那个消息告诉他,那是个秘密。例题1.(2022·长沙)_______carefully, please!Look at the road sign. There is a school ahead.A. Drive B. To drive C. Driving解析:分析句子结构可知,该句是一个祈使句,肯定的析使句以动词原形开头。故选A。句意:请小心驾驶!看一下路牌,前方有一所学校。答案: A. Drive例题2.(2022·广东) Tommy,_______play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car.A. do B. don’t C. must D. mustn t解析:根据后句句意“你可能会被汽车撞到”可知前句句意应为“汤米,下次别在大街上打篮球了”,故该句是祈使句的否定形式,应用“don’t+动词原形”开头,故选B答案: B. don’t二、情态动词can,must, could表示推测1.我们学习过情态动词can,coud表示“能够,可以”等意义的用法。除此之外,can和could还可以表示对现在或将来的推测,意为“会,可能”,但can表示推测时,常用于否定句或疑问句中。用于疑问句时,can比could表示的“可能性”要大;用于否定句时,cant(cannot)意为“不可能”could可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。Can/ Could this be true?这可能是真的吗?This can t be the right road.不可能是这条路。2.情态动词must也可以表示猜测,意为“一定,准是”,通常只用于肯定句,表示有把握的推测。It must be your elder brother.那肯定是你哥哥。You must be tired after the long walk.走了这么长的路,你一定累了。例题1.(2022·南阳)— Where is George?—_______ be here just now. His coffee is still warm.A. need B. can t C. must D. shouldnt解析:need意为“需要”;can't意为“不可能”表示否定推测;must意为“必须,一定”,表示肯定推测;shouldn't意为“不应该”。由答语后句“ His coffee is still warm.(他的咖啡还热着)”可推知,他刚才一定在这里。故选C。答案:C. must 例题2.(2022·眉山)Mr. Smith_______be at homc. He has gone to Hong Kong.A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustnt解析:can意为“能够”,表示能力;can't意为“不可能”,表否定推测;must意为“必须;一定”,表肯定推测;musn't意为“千万不要”,表示禁止。由后句“ He has gone to Hong Kong.(他去香港了)”可推知前句句意为“史密斯先生不可能在家。应选B。答案: B. can’t核心素养解读根据一项新的调查,学生安全已成为一个大问题。近50%的学生安全事故是发生在在上学和放学的路上。现在在中国的许多大城市,一些学校开设了一门不同寻常的课程:自我保护。他们能学习如何挽救生命,并知道危险真正发生之前如何阻止。阅读下面的英文材料,了解一些关于如何应对危险的建议吧!If you are robbedKeep calm.If you cannot run away, you’d better try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later.
▲If you are in a traffic accidentIf a car hurts you, you should remember the car number. If it runs away you can find it by policeman.▲If it is raining hard and there is lightning(闪电)Don’t stay in high places and stay away from trees. ▲When there is a fireGet away as fast as you can. Put wet things on your body and try to find an exit. you’d better not take the lift.▲If someone is drowning(溺水)If you can’t swim, don’t get into the water. Cry out for help. You must remember that danger is near you forever!Take care of yourself at all times!
考考你,看看你是(T)否(F)已经了解了一些安全常识:1.If you are robbed, you can cry out before you run away.(F)2. If you are in a traffic accident, you should remember the car number.(T)3. When there is a fire you’d better get away as fast as you can.(T)4.If someone is drowning, you can get into the water. You mustn’t cry out for help.(F)答案:1—4F T T F