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所属成套资源:外研版新标准英语初三上学期其他整册
Module 3 Unit 2&Unit 3知识点详解--2022--2023学年外研版九年级英语上册
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外研版九(上)Module 3 Heroes 知识点详解
Unit 2 There were few doctors, so he had to work very hard on his own.
★(A2).【知识点再现】He was a Canadian doctor. 他是一位加拿大医生。
【知识点1】Canadian作形容词,意为“加拿大的;加拿大人的”,也可作名词,意为“加拿大人”。Canada是名词,意为“加拿大”。如:
Canada is on the north of the USA. 加拿大在美国北面。
Canadian culture is different from Chinese culture. 加拿大文化不同于中国文化。
★(A2).【知识点再现】He came to China to help the Chinese people and died for them. 他来到中国,帮助中国人民并为他们而献身。
【知识点2】die for动词短语,其后常接名词或代词,意为“为……而死;为……而献身”,还可表示“渴望……;向往……;急需(某物)”,表示强烈的语气。如:
I’m dying for a cup of tea. 我很想喝杯茶。
He is willing to die for the people. 他愿意为人民献身。
★(A2).【知识点再现】He became a doctor in 1916 and went to Spain in 1936 to treat the wounded soldiers during the war there. 他于1916年成为一名医生,并于1936年去了西班牙,治疗那里在战争期间受伤的士兵。
【知识点3】【辨析】cure与treat的用法辨析:
①treat意为“医治;治疗”,通常强调过程,指对病人进行诊断和治疗,但不含治好的意思。如:
The dentist will treat my tooth. 这名牙医将医治我的牙齿。
The doctors were not able to treat this disease. 医生治不了这种病。
Which doctor is treating you for your illness? 哪个医生在给你看病?
②cure意为“医治;治疗”,通常强调结果,指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病。如:
The doctors cured her of cancer. 医生治好了她的癌症。
【知识点4】wounded是形容词,意为“受伤的”,主要指在战争中受伤,the wounded意为“伤员”。其名词形式为wound意为“伤,伤口”;其动词形式也是wound,意为“受伤”。如:
The wounded policeman is now out of danger. 受伤的警察已经脱离危险。
His wound closed up after a week. 他的伤口一周后愈合了。
The bullet wounded the soldier’s arm. 子弹打伤了那位士兵的胳膊。
【辨析】wound,hurt,injure与cut的用法辨析:四者都有“受伤”的意思。
①wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤,也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:
The thief wounded him with a knife. 那小偷用刀刺伤了他。
②hurt为普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害,多指伤痛。如:
I hurt my leg badly in the football match. 在那场足球赛中,我的腿受了重伤。
③injure比hurt正式,主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:
A bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。
④cut指无意中造成的轻伤(划伤、割伤、弄伤)。如:
Don’t cut your finger. 别切着手指。
★(A2).【知识点再现】He soon realised that many people were dying because they did not get to hospital quickly enough. 他很快意识到许多人因为没有尽快送往医院而濒临死亡。
【知识点5】realise是及物动词,意为“了解;意识到;实现”,后接名词、代词或从句。如:
She realised her dream at last. 她终于实现了梦想。
He didn’t realise how late it was. 他并没有意识到已经有多晚了。
I hope everyone goes to see this film and realise the real word. 我希望大家看看这部电影, 去了解真实的世界。
【知识点6】dying 是形容词,意为“垂死的;将要死去的”。be dying for 渴望。如:
She takes care of the dying man carefully. 她细心地照顾那名垂死的男人。
The little girl cried when she saw her dying cat. 看到快死的小猫,小女孩哭了。
【拓展】die是动词,意为“死;枯竭”;dead是形容词,意为“死的”;death是名词,意为“死;死亡”。
★(A2).【知识点再现】Dr Bethune developed new ways of taking care of the sick. 白求恩大夫研发了新方法来照顾病人。
【知识点7】ways/a way of doing sth. 意为“做某事的方式/方法”,相当于ways/a way to do sth.。如:
There are many ways to learn English.=There are many ways of learning English.有许多学英语的方法。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法,使他的课生动有趣。
【知识点8】take care of意为“照顾,照料”,相当于look after。take good care of和look after...well意义相同,都是“好好照料,好好照顾”的意思。如:
He’s old enough to take care of himself. 他大了,能照顾自己了。
I’ll take care of your children while you are away. 你不在时我会照顾你的孩子的。
Would you please take care of my cat while I am away? 当我离开时请你照看我的猫好吗?
Don’t worry. I can take good care of your pet while you are away.
=Don’t worry. I can look after your pet well while you are away. 不要担心。当你外出的时候我能照顾好你的宠物。
【知识点9】the sick意为“病人”,形容词前面加上定冠词the,表示复数概念,泛指“某一类人”,这类结构作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。常见搭配有:the wounded 伤员;the young 青年;the old 老年;the poor 穷人;the rich 富人;the sick 病人。如:
We should help the poor. 我们应该帮助穷人。
The blind learn skills in special schools. 盲人在特殊学校学习技能。
The young have plenty of opportunities here. 年轻人在这里有大量的机会。
【辨析】ill 与sick的用法辨析:ill 和sick都有“生病的;有病的”之意,但用法并不完全相同。
①ill 意为“生病的;有病的”,一般用作表语,不能作定语。如:
The little child is ill. 这个小孩子生病了。
My mother feels ill. 我的妈妈感觉不舒服。
②sick 意为“生病的;(感觉)不适的”,既可作表语又可作定语,如:“病人”可以说a sick man,但不能说an ill man。如:
She is sick in bed. 她卧病在床。(作表语)
She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。(作定语)
★(A2).【知识点再现】He invented special medical tools to use outside hospitals and close to the fighting areas so that doctors could treat the wounded more quickly. 他发明了在医院外面和靠近交战地区使用的特殊医疗器械,这样医生就能够更快地治疗伤员。
【知识点10】【辨析】invent,discover,find,find out与look for的用法辨析:
①invent意为“发明”,指发明以前不存在的东西。如:
Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
②discover意为“发现”,指发现本来存在,但以前未为人知或未被发现的事物、真理或情况。如:
Columbus is the first European who discovered America. 哥伦布是第一个发现美洲大陆的欧洲人。
③find意为“发现;找到”,指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西,强调动作的结果。如:
I looked for it everywhere but I couldn’t find it. 我到处找了可就是找不到它。
④find out意为“查明;弄清楚”,强调经过一番努力的探索、观察、询问、调查、推理等努力才查明结果。如:
I will try and find out who broke the computer. 我会尽力查明是谁把电脑弄坏了。
⑤look for意为“寻找”,是有目的的“找”,强调“找”的动作过程。如:
I’m looking for my pen, but I can’t find it. 我正在找我的钢笔,但找不到。
【知识点11】close作副词,意为“靠近的;紧密的”,常见词组close to意为“离……近”。close作形容词,意为“近的;靠近的;亲密的”;close作动词,意为“关;关闭”,其反义词为open意为“开;打开”。如:
They live close to the library. 他们住得离图书馆很近。(作副词)
Lucy is a close friend of mine. 露西是我的亲密朋友。(作形容词)
It’s cold outside. Please close the door. 外面冷,请关上门。(作动词)
【知识点12】so that引导目的状语从句,表目的,意为“以便;为的是;目的是”,主从句间不用逗号隔开,从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should/be able to等情态动词或助动词。so that 引导目的状语从句时,可与表目的的动词不定式(not) to do.../so as(not) to do.../in order (not) to do...或in order that互换。注意:主、从句主语不一致时不能转换。如:
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 为了能赶上头班车,我很早就起床了。
=I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus. 为了能赶上头班车,我很早就起床了。
We went to the airport so that we might meet Professor Yang there. 我们去了飞机场以便我们在那儿能遇到杨教授。
=We went to the airport to meet Professor Yang there. 我们去了飞机场以便我们在那儿能遇到杨教授。
=We went to the airport so as to meet Professor Yang there. 我们去了飞机场以便我们在那儿能遇到杨教授。
=We went to the airport in order to meet Professor Yang there. 我们去了飞机场以便我们在那儿能遇到杨教授。
【拓展】so that可引导结果状语从句,表结果,意为“因此;所以”,主从句间用逗号隔开,常用于一般过去时,表示过去的情形。如:
I had taken an early bus so that I got there in time. 我乘了早班公共汽车,结果及时到了那儿。
★(A2).【知识点再现】His inventions saved many lives. 他的发明挽救了许多人的生命。
【知识点13】save作及物动词,意为“拯救;挽救;救助”,后接名词或代词作宾语。常用短语save one’s life意为“挽救某人的生命”。如:
We must do all we can to save the patient. 我们必须竭尽全力来抢救病人。
After Xiao Yueyue was sent to hospital, many people tried to save her life. 小悦悦被送去医院后,许多人努力挽救她的生命。
【拓展】save表示“节省;节约”,后接名词、代词或双宾语。save sth. for sb.意为“为某人节省某物”;save还可表示“储存”,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。如:
Machines can save labour. 机器能节省劳力。(接名词)
Your kind help saved me lots of trouble. 你的好心帮忙,免了我许多麻烦。(接双宾语)
He has never saved. 他从来不存钱。(不及物动词)
I saved part of my salary each month. 我每月把工资的一部分储存起来。(及物动词)
★(A2).【知识点再现】At that time, there were few doctors, so he had to work very hard on his own. 那时中国医生很少,因此,他不得不独自很努力地工作。
【知识点14】at that time意为“在那时”,相当于at the time,常与一般过去时或过去进行时连用。如:
At that time, I was swimming with my friends. 那时我正在和我的朋友游泳。
At that time, China did not yet have nuclear weapon. 在那时,中国还未拥有核武器。
【拓展】与time有关的常用搭配:at a time每次;依次;at one time一度;从前;at all times随时;总是;at times有时;间或;all the time一直。
【知识点15】【辨析】a few,few,a little与little的用法辨析:
①a few表示肯定含义,意为“一些,几个”,修饰可数名词复数,相当于several或some。如:
There are a few apples in the fridge. 冰箱里有一些苹果。
②few表示否定含义,意为“几乎没有,很少”,修饰可数名词复数。如:
There are few apples in the fridge, so I must buy some. 冰箱里几乎没有一些苹果,所以我必须买一些。
③a little表示肯定含义,意为“一点”,修饰不可数名词。如:
Li Lei can only speak a little English. 李雷只会说一点英语。
④little表示否定含义,意为“几乎没有,很少”,修饰不可数名词。如:
There’s little water in the bottle. 瓶里几乎没有水了。
【知识点16】on one’s own 意为“独立地;单独地;独自地”,一般用作状语,相当于alone或by oneself。own作形容词,意为“自己的;本人的”,常放在形容词性物主代词或名词所有格的后面。如:
I made this bookshelf all on my own/by myself. 这个书架是我自己做的。
She’s been living on her own/by herself for ten years. 她独自生活已有10年了。
He left his hometown on his own when he was twelve years old. 他12岁时就独自离开了家乡。
【拓展】of one’s own意为“属于某人自己的”,一般用作定语。own还可作动词,意为“有;拥有”。如:
He’d like a house of his own. 他想有一所自己的房子。
His father owns a local pub. 他的父亲在当地有家酒馆。
★(A2).【知识点再现】His experience of treating people in Spain was useful in China. 他在西班牙治疗伤员的经验在中国非常有用。
【知识点17】useful是形容词,意为“有用的;有益的”,常用短语be useful to do sth. 做某事对某人有用。如:
It is useful to read the text early in the morning. 早上读课文很有用。
【拓展】use用作动词,意为“使用”,常用短语be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”;use还可以用作名词,意为“用途;功能;使用”,常用句型It’s no use doing sth.意为“做某事没有用”。如:
It can also be used to eat. 它也可以被用来吃。
It’s no use worrying about it. 担心它是没有用的。
★(A2).【知识点再现】Dr Bethune often worked very hard without resting or taking care of himself. 白求恩大夫经常非常辛苦地工作,不休息也不照顾自己。
【知识点18】without是介词,意为“无,没有”,后接名词、代词或动名词,一般放在动词短语后或句首,用来表示位置、条件、状况、假设的否定等。without 与not, no, never, can’t 等表示否定意义的词连用时,表示肯定。如:
Jack left us without a word. 杰克一句话也没有说就离开了我们。
They sat looking at each other without speaking. 他们坐着,相对无语。
★(A2).【知识点再现】Once, he even worked for sixty-nine hours without stopping and managed to save over a hundred lives. 曾经有一次,他甚至不停地工作了69个小时,成功挽救了一百多人的生命。
【知识点19】manage的用法归纳:
①manage作及物动词,意为“达到;做成(某事)”,常与can, could, be able to连用。如:
I haven’t been learning French for long, so I can only manage a few words. 我学法语时间不长, 所以只能凑合着说几句。
②manage还可作不及物动词,意为“(尤指)设法完成某事”,常用短语为manage to do sth.,表示经过努力达到了目的。如:
He managed to get the work done with very little help. 在没有多少帮助的情况下,他把工作完成了。
【辨析】manage to do sth.,try to do sth.与try doing sth.的用法辨析:
①manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”,强调结果,事情已经成功,相当于succeed in doing sth.。如:
He managed to send the passengers to the airport in time. 他设法把乘客及时送到了机场。
We managed to finish the task on time even though it was very hard. 虽然任务艰巨,我们还是设法按时完成了。
②try to do sth.意为“努力/设法/试图/尽力去做某事”,强调过程,能否成功不确定。如:
We’ll try to improve our teaching methods. 我们将设法改变我们的教学方法。
We tried to stop him smoking in bed but he would do it. 我们试图阻止他在床上吸烟,但他就是不听。
③try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”,表示抱着试试看的想法去做。如:
Let’s try knocking at the back door. Maybe he is sleeping. 咱们敲敲后门试试。可能他在睡觉。
You’d better try carrying out the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个实验。
★(A2).【知识点再现】One day in 1939, he cut his finger during an operation, but he continued his work without treating it. 在1939年的一天,在手术时,他割伤了自己的手指,但他没有处理伤口,仍然继续工作。
【知识点20】continue是动词,意为“(使)继续”,后接名词、代词、不定式或动名词。其用法如下:
①continue to do sth.意为“继续做另外一件事情(已经做完某件事情)”,是做完一件事继续做另一件事。如:
After he finished reading a novel, he continued to play games with his friends. 他读完小说后跟朋友们继续玩游戏。
②continue doing sth.意为“继续做某一件事情(还没做完)”,是继续做刚才没做完的那件事。如:
I continue doing my homework because I haven’t finished it yet. 我继续做作业, 因为我还没做完。
★(A2).【知识点再现】In the end, he died of his wound. 最后,他因伤去世。
【知识点21】【辨析】die of与die from 的用法辨析:
①die of意为“死于……”,指死于疾病,衰老,感情,饥寒等内在原因。如:
His father died of cancer yesterday. 他的父亲昨天死于癌症。
The beggar died of hunger and cold. 这个乞丐死于饥饿和寒冷。
②die from 意为“死于……”,指死于外伤、事故、劳累过度等外在原因。如:
The old man died from a traffic accident. 那位老人死于交通事故。
Hundreds of people are dying from polluted air in this area. 在这个地区, 数百人死于空气污染。
★(A2).【知识点再现】Dr Bethune’s work for the Chinese people made him a hero in China. 白求恩大夫为中国人民所作的工作使他成为中国人民心目中的英雄。
【知识点22】made him a hero意为“使他成为一名英雄”。make用作使役动词表示“使;使成为”时,可跟复合结构,即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式(动词原形)、形容词、名词、过去分词或现在分词。如:
You’ve made me very happy. 你让我非常幸福。(形容词)
The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。(过去分词)
What made you change your mind? 什么使你改变了主意?(动词原形)
He makes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。(现在分词)
We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。(名词)
★(A2).【知识点再现】There are many books and films about him, and he is still remembered in both China and Canada today. 有许多关于他的书籍和电影,而且在中国和加拿大,人们现在仍然怀念他。
【知识点23】both ...and...意为“……和……(两者)都”,用来连接句中两个相同的成分,如主语、宾语、表语或状语等。连接并列的成分在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Jack likes both football and basketball. 杰克喜欢足球和篮球。(连接宾语)
Both my sister and I have been to Beijing before. 我姐姐和我以前都去过北京。(连接主语)
Unit 3 Language in use
★(A1).【知识点再现】On 12th April 1961, Gagarin took off for space. 1961年4月12日,加加林乘坐宇宙飞船前往太空。
【知识点1】take off意为“(飞机)起飞”,是动词短语。如:
Can you go and find when the plane to New York takes off? 你能去查一下去纽约的飞机什么时候起飞?
【拓展】take off还可表示“脱下;取下”,此时它的反义词为put on意为“穿上”。take off是由“动词+副词”构成的短语,后接代词时,代词要放在take和off的中间。后接名词时,名词放在off的前后均可。如:
Put on your coat. Don’t take it off. 把你的外衣穿上,别脱下。
He took off his raincoat and took out the key. 他脱下雨衣,拿出钥匙。
★(A7).【知识点再现】After ten years, they win and are very proud of themselves. 十年之后,他们胜利了,并为他们自己感到非常自豪。
【知识点2】proud是形容词,意为“骄傲的;自豪的”,其用法如下:
①be proud of形容词短语,意为“为……感到骄傲/自豪”,后接名词或代词,同义短语为take pride in。如:
The teacher is very proud of her students. 这位老师为她的学生们感到骄傲。
Tom’s father takes pride in everything good that Tom does. 汤姆的父亲因汤姆做的每一件好事而骄傲。
②be proud to do sth.意为“做某事感到自豪”。如:
All the Chinese are proud to see Chinese flag flying high. 所有的中国人见到高高飘扬地国旗都感到很自豪。
③be proud后还可接that从句,意为“……很自豪”。如:
We are very proud that a pupil from our school has won the first prize. 我们学校的一个小学生得了一等奖,我们感到很自豪。
★(A7).【知识点再现】Then they set off for home, but on their way, there is a great storm. 然后他们动身回家,但是在途中有一场大风暴。
【知识点3】set off (for sp.)意为“动身/出发/启程(去某地)”,相当于leave for sw.或start off for sw.。与set有关的搭配:set free释放;解放;set out出发;set up设立;建立;set aside不理会;撤销。如:
They will set off for Nanning. 他们将动身前往南宁。
Mr. Li picked up his handbag and set off. 李先生提起他的手提包出发了。
It’s time for you to set off for school, Lucy.=It’s time for you to leave for school, Lucy.
=It’s time for you to start off for school, Lucy. 露西,你该出发去上学了。
【知识点4】on one’s way意为“在……的路上”。与way有关的搭配:on one’s way to在某人去……的路上;on one’s way home在某人回家的路上;on one’s way back from在某人从……回来的路上;in the way of妨碍;阻碍。如:
They met many different people on their way. 他们在路上碰到了许多不同的人。
★(A7).【知识点再现】After ten years of fighting and ten more years on the way home, Odysseus completes his journey and manages to get back to his own country, alone. 经过十年的战斗和十多年地返乡之路,奥德修斯完成了他的旅程,并设法独自回到自己的国家。
【知识点5】ten more years意为“另外的十年”。“数词+more+名词复数”,意为“另外的若干……”。more作形容词,意为“另外的;附加的”,可跟在数词的后面,再接可数名词复数。基数词与more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如:
Three more of the missing climbers have been found. 失踪的登山者又找到了3个。
---- How many more stamps do you want? 你还要多少张邮票? ---- Four more please. 请再给4张。
【拓展】“another+数词+名词复数”,意为“另外的若干……”。another作形容词,意为“另外的;附加的”,用在数词的前面,再接可数名词复数。基数词与another连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如:
They drove for another three hours. 他们又行驶了3个小时。
The strike may last another six weeks. 罢工可能还要持续六个礼拜。
【知识点6】one’s own意为“某人自己的”,own作形容词,意为“自己的”,常常和形容词词性物主代词连用,以加强语气。own的名词形式为owner意为“物主;主人”。own还可以用作动词,意为“拥有;所用”。如:
Each person has his own name. 每个人都有自己的名字。
Tang Ming is the owner of the house. 唐明是房子的主人。
The farmer owns much rich land. 那位农民拥有很多肥沃的土地。
★(A7).【知识点再现】His wife and son are waiting for him to come back. 他的妻子和儿子正在等待他的归来。
【知识点7】wait for sb. to do sth.意为“等待某人做某事”。与way有关的搭配:wait to do sth.等待做某事;can’t wait to do sth.迫不急待做某事;wait a minute/moment稍等。如:
Would you please wait for me to get ready? 请等我准备一下好吗?
★(A7).【知识点再现】After Odysseus saves his wife and son from some bad men, they finally know who he is. 奥德修斯从一些坏人手里救出了他的妻子和儿子之后,他们最终认出他是谁。
【知识点8】save sb. from sb.意为“从某人那里救出某人”,其中save是动词,意为“挽救;拯救”。如:
The police saved the girl from the robbers. 警察从抢劫犯手里救出了那个女孩。
★(A7).【知识点再现】He is happy to be back home again after so many adventures. 他很开心能在经历那么多冒险后再次回到家。
【知识点9】“sb.+be+形容词+to do sth.”,意为“某人因为做某事而感到……”,其中形容词表示某人的情感变化。表示情感变化的词有:happy, sad, pleased, surprised, excited等。如:
She’s very sad to say goodbye to us. 跟我们告别,她很伤心。
I’m very happy to help my parents. 帮助我的父母,我感到很开心。
★(A7).【知识点再现】I also learn from him that great men never give up, no matter what difficulties they face. 我也从他身上学到了:无论面对什么困难,伟人从不放弃。
【知识点10】no matter what意为“无论什么;不管什么”,引导让步状语从句,相当于whatever。如:
Keep calm, no matter what happens.= Keep calm, whatever happens. 无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。
No matter what I said, Peter refused to go.=Whatever I said, Peter refused to go. 无论我说什么,皮特都拒绝去。
【拓展】与no matter有关的搭配:no matter how无论怎样;no matter who无论谁;no matter where无论何地;no matter when无论何时。以上词组分别相当于:however, whoever, whereever, whenever。如:
No matter where you go, you may find friends. 无论你走到哪里,你都可以知道朋友。
I told him to come back no matter when he wanted to. 我告诉他不管他什么时候想回来就什么时候回来。
★(A7).【知识点再现】In 1581, she was trained as a nurse. 1581年,她受训成为一名护士。
【知识点11】be trained as意为“被训练成为”,是一种被动语态的表达。如:
He’ll be trained as a doctor. 他将受训成为一名医生。// He wanted to be trained as a policeman. 他想受训成为一名警察。
★(A7).【知识点再现】When she returned to Britain in 1856, she became a national hero. 当她在1856年返回英国时,她变成了国家英雄。
【知识点12】return to意为“返回到”,相当于get back to,其中return是不及物动词,意为“返回;归来”,后接地点副词时,不加to。如:
When did you return home? 你什么时候返回家?
Bob returned to Paris yesterday evening. 鲍勃昨晚返回了巴黎。
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