Module 7 Unit 2&3知识点详解--2022--2023学年外研版九年级英语上册

外研版九（上）Module 7 Great books 知识点详解Unit 2 It is still read and loved.★(A2).【知识点再现】The story is set in the town of St Petersburg, Missouri, the US, in the nineteenth century. 故事以19世纪美国密苏里州圣彼得堡镇为背景。【知识点1】be set in意为“以……为背景”，是被动语态。如：The novel is set in France in the early 19th century. 这部小说以19世纪初的法国为背景。★(A2).【知识点再现】Tom, the hero of the book, lives with his aunt Polly. He is a lively and clever boy. 书的主人公汤姆和他的波莉阿姨一起生活。他是一个活泼聪明的男孩。【知识点2】【辨析】lively，alive，living与live的用法辨析：①lively形容词，意为“生动的，活泼的；轻快的；有生气的”，可修饰人或物，在句中可作表语、定语、宾语补足语。如：The music is lively. 这个音乐是欢快的。（表语）He’s a lively and clever young boy. 他是一个活泼聪明的小男孩。（定语）②alive形容词，意为“活着的；在世的”， 可修饰人或物，作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语，alive的反义词是dead。如：The old man is still alive. 那老人还活着。（表语）We found him still alive. 我们发觉他还活着。（宾语补足语）Tom is the only one alive in the war. 汤姆是唯一一个在战争中活着的士兵。（后置定语）③living形容词，意为“活着的”，可修饰人或物，主要作前置定语、表语或用于the后表示一类人。如：Is his father still living? 他的父亲还健在吗？（表语）Both plants and animals are living things. 植物和动物都是生物。（前置定语）The living must finish the work of those dead. 活着的人必须完成那些死去人的事业。The wildness is a living museum of natural history. 这片荒野是一座活生生的自然历史博物馆。④live［liv］动词，意为“活着，生活，居住”；［laiv］形容词，意为“现场直播的，实况转播的；活生生的；有生命的”，通常修饰物，不修饰人，常用来作前置定语。如：live broadcast 现场广播；live TV show 实况转播电视表演。The cat caught a live mouse. 那只猫抓到一只活老鼠。★(A2).【知识点再现】He does not like people telling him what to do. 他不喜欢人们告诉他做什么。【知识点3】what to do 意为“做什么”，为“疑问词+不定式”结构，相当于一个名词，在句中作宾语。“疑问词+不定式”结构，相当于一个名词，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。不同的疑问词所表达的意思不同，只有why不能用于这一结构中；可与宾语从句互相转换。如：I don’t know where to go. (where to go 作宾语) 我不知道去哪里。The question is who to do it. (who to do it 作表语) 问题时谁能去做这件事。How to do it is still a question. (how to do 作主语) 该怎样做仍旧是个问题。We all know what to do. = We all know what we should do. 我们都知道我们应该做什么。We all know what to do. = We all know what we should do. 我们都知道我们应该做什么。★(A2).【知识点再现】He does not like people telling him what to do, so he always gets into trouble. 他不喜欢人们告诉他做什么，所以他总是遇到麻烦。【知识点4】gets into trouble意为“陷入困境；惹上/遇上麻烦”，强调动作；be in trouble意为“处于困境中；遇到麻烦”，强调状态。如：Who will I call if I get into trouble? 一旦陷入麻烦，我可以向谁寻求帮助？Can’t you stop your son from getting into trouble？你能不能制止你儿子别惹上麻烦?If you get into trouble, I’ll step out and help you out. 如果你遇到麻烦，我一定站出来帮助你走出困境。【拓展】与trouble搭配的常用短语或句式：ask for trouble自寻烦恼；be in trouble处于困境中；遇到麻烦；get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境；get (sb.) out of trouble (使某人)摆脱困境，逃离困境；have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难；What’s your trouble?=What’s the trouble with you? 你怎么了?★(A2).【知识点再现】He and his best friend, Huck Finn, run away to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River. 他和他最好的朋友哈克•芬恩逃到密西西比河中部的一个岛上。【知识点5】run away意为“逃走；逃跑”，是不及物动词短语，后接宾语时，要加介词to或from，“run away to+地点”，意为“逃到……；跑到……”；“run away from”意为“从……逃离/走/跑”。The thief ran away quickly. 小偷迅速逃跑了The prisoner has run away to the back of the hill. 囚犯往后山跑去了。The thief had run away when the policemen came. 警察来时小偷已经跑了。They ran away from the terrible house quickly. 他们很快逃离了那座可怕的房子。【拓展】与run搭配的常用短语：run across偶然遇到；run after追赶；run into撞上；run out用尽；用完。★(A2).【知识点再现】Later, Tom escapes from a cave with another friend, Becky. He also finds Injun Joe’s treasure box and takes it away. 后来，汤姆和另一位朋友贝基逃出山洞。他还找到了印第安人乔的宝盒并把它带走了。【知识点6】escape 在本句中是不及物动词，意为“逃跑，逃走”，常与from/out of连用，构成escape from/out of意为“从……逃离/走/跑；逃脱”，相当于run away from；escape 还可用作及物动词动词，意为“逃离；逃脱”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不用于被动语态，escape (doing) sth.意为“逃避(做)某事”。如：Three prisoners have escaped. 三名犯人逃走了。The bird escaped from the cage yesterday. 昨天鸟从笼子里跑了。He escaped being hurt in the accident. 他没在那次事故中受伤。Cindy succeeded in escaping from the burning building. 辛迪成功地从燃烧着的建筑物里逃了出来。★(A2).【知识点再现】At first, they are happy. But when they hear that everyone thinks they are dead, they feel very sorry, so they come back home. 起初，他们很高兴。但是当他们听说大家都以为他们死了时，他们感到很难过，所以他们回家了。【知识点7】【辨析】dead，die，death与dying的用法辨析：四个词都与“死”有关。①dead 是形容词，意为“死的”，表示状态，常用着表语或定语，be dead可以和表示时间段的状语连用。如：They found many dead birds on the beach. 在沙滩上，他们发现很多死鸟。This is a dead dog. 这是一条死(了的)狗。// He has been dead for two years. 他死了有两年了。②die意为“死，死亡”，是短暂性动词，不能和表示时间段的状语连用。如果要表示“死了多长时间”可用be dead。如：误：He has died for ten years. 他死了有十年了。正：He died ten years ago. 他十年前死了。正：He has been dead for ten years. 他死了有十年了。③death是名词，意为“死，死亡”。表示某人之死时，是不可数名词；表示“多少人之死”时，是可数名词。如：His death makes everyone sad. 他的死使得每一个人都悲伤。It is reported that the traffic accident caused (导致) five deaths. 据报道说交通事故导致了五人死亡。④dying 是动词die的-ing形式，也是形容词，意为“快要死的，垂死的”，常作表语或定语。如：The fish is dying slowly. 那条鱼正慢慢地死去。The doctors are trying to save the dying soldiers. 医生们正在尽力挽救垂死的士兵。★(A2).【知识点再现】They hide and watch for a time when they see their family and neighbours coming to their funeral in the church. 当他们看到他们的家人和邻居们来到教堂的葬礼上时，他们藏起来看了一会。【知识点8】for a time意为“一小段时间；一度；一时”。如：He lived for a time in Spain. 他在西班牙住过一段时期。For a time, the little boy lived with his uncle. 小男孩和他的叔叔住过一段时间。I worked at a high-school library for a time. 我在一个中学图书馆工作了一段时间。Mr. Black lived for a time in the house next to ours. 布莱克先生在我们的房子的旁边的房子住了一段时间。【知识点9】【辨析】see sb do sth  和see sb doing sth的用法辨析：①see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”。强调看见了事情的全过程，动作已经结束，或“看见某人经常做某事”，是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。类似用法的有hear/watch /notice sb. do sth.等。如：I often see him run in the morning. 我经常看见他早上跑步。I saw the teacher get on the bus. 我看见老师上了车。I saw her go into the classroom. 我看见她走进了教室。I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实) ②see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”。强调看见的动作正在进行。此处是现在分词作宾语补足语。类似用法的有hear/watch/notice sb. doing sth.等。如：I saw him running this morning when I walked past the park. 我今天早上经过公园的时候，看见他正在跑步。I saw her lying there. 我看见她躺在那儿。I saw her cleaning the classroom. 我看到她正在打扫教室。I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）★(A2).【知识点再现】Everyone is surprised to see them at first, but very pleased to find that they are alive. 刚开始，大家看到他们都很惊讶，但是发现他们还活着(每个人都)很高兴。【知识点10】be surprised to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到惊讶”，动词不定式作原因状语，主语是人，surprised 是形容词，意为“惊奇的；惊讶的”；surprising意为“令人惊奇的”，在句中可作表语或定语，主语是物或修饰物。如：We are surprised to see him here. 看到他在这里，我们都很惊讶。We are very surprised to hear the news. 听到这消息，我们感到很惊讶。Everyone was surprised to see the wonderful movie. 每个人看到这个精彩的电影都很惊讶。We’re surprised to get the surprising news from him. 从他那里得知这个惊人的消息我们很惊讶。【拓展】与surprised有关的短语：be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶/吃惊；in surprise吃惊地，惊奇地；to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是，常常放在句首。如：I was surprised at his answer. 我对他的回答感到吃惊。She looked at her mother in surprise. 她吃惊地看着她的妈妈。To my surprise, they invited Mike to the party as well. 令我吃惊的是，他们也邀请迈克去参加聚会。【知识点11】be pleased to do sth.意为“很高兴地做某事”，动词不定式作原因状语。be pleased with+sb./sth.意为“对某人/物满意”。如：I am very pleased to see your progress. 看到你的进步我很高兴。We are very pleased to make friends with you. 我们很高兴和你交朋友。The teacher is pleased with you. 老师对你很满意。【知识点12】alive是形容词，意为“活着的”，在句中主要作表语，也可作宾语补足语或定语，作定语时，alive只能位于被修饰的名词之后。如：It can’t keep him alive. 他不能靠这个活下去。(作宾语补足语)We don’t know whether he is alive. 我们不知道他是否还活着。(作表语)He is the greatest poet alive. 他是还在世的最伟大的诗人。(作后置定语)I caught a bird alive in the tree. 我在树上抓了一只活着的小鸟。(作后置定语)The elephant was still breathing, so we knew it was still alive. 大象还在呼吸，因此我们知道它仍然是活着的。★(A2).【知识点再现】It is more than an adventure story. Mark Twain wrote it in 1876. It describes people’s lives in the southern states of America at that time. 它不仅仅是一个冒险故事。马克·吐温是在1876年写的这个故事。它描写了那时美国南部各州人们的生活。【知识点13】more than 意为“不只是；不仅仅是”，后跟名词。如：His report is more than a survey. 他的报告不只是一份调查。He is more than a writer. He is also a poet. 他不仅仅是一位作家，他还是一位诗人。【知识点14】southern是形容词，意为“南方的；在南边的；来自南边的”，位于名词前作定语，其名词形式为south，意为“南边，南方”。 southern是由名词south加后缀-ern而构成的。类似以-ern为后缀的形容词还有：eastern在东边的；来自东边的；northern北方的；western西方的。如：She lives in southern Italy. 他住在意大利南部。The southern part of this city is very beautiful. 这座城市的南部很美丽。★(A2).【知识点再现】It tells how young people grow, how people love each other and how bad people pay for their actions. 它讲述了年轻人如何成长，人们如何彼此关爱以及坏人如何为他们的行为受到惩罚的故事。【知识点15】how young people grow, how people love each other and how bad people pay for their actions. 特殊疑问句作宾语从句，其结构：疑问词how +陈述语序。如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告诉我们我怎样到达邮局吗？【知识点16】【辨析】pay，take，cost与spend的用法辨析：①pay意为“支付、付款、赔偿”，主语通常是人，常与介词for连用。●sb. pays some money for sth. 意为“某人花多少金钱买某物”。如：I paid $ 5 for the shirt. 这件衬衫我付了5美元。// I paid 20 dollars for the coat. 我花了20美元买这件外套。●sb. pay (sb.) money for sth. 意为“某人买某物付给某人多少金钱”。如：He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine. 他买药已付医生50英镑。②take用作“花费”时，常用于以下句型：●It takes/took+sb.+time+to do sth.“做某事花了某人多少时间”，It是形式主语，真正的主语为to do sth.It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年的时间修完了这条路。●doing sth. takes sb.+时间“做某事花了某人多少时间”。如：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。③cost其主语是物、事情或用it作形式主语，宾语可以是钱、时间等，意为“价钱为；花费；值”等。常用句型：●sth.+cost+money. 意为“某物花了多少金钱”。如：This new computer costs a lot of money. 这台新电脑花费许多笔钱。●sth+cost+sb.+money/time 意为“某事物花了某人多少时间/金钱”。 如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词.●it+costs+sb.+money/time to do sth. 意为“做某事花了某人多少时间/金钱”。 如：It will cost you over 1,000 yuan to fly to Beijing. 乘飞机去北京要花费你1,000多元 。④spend其主语是人，宾语可以是金钱、时间、精力等，意为“度过”、“花费”，常用于以下两种句型：●sb.+spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth. 意为“某人花费时间/金钱做某事”。如：Jim spends too much time playing computer games. 吉姆花太多时间玩电脑游戏。●sb.+spend+时间/金钱+on sth. 意为“某人在某方面花费时间/金钱”。如：Lucy often spends her money on fine clothes. 露西经常把钱花在漂亮衣服上。★(A2).【知识点再现】It is written in everyday English, and the dialogues sound especially real. 它是用日常英语写成的，对话听起来特别真实。【知识点17】【辨析】everyday与every day的用法辨析：①everyday是形容词，意为“日常的；普通的”，在句中作定语。如：Playing basketball is part of his everyday life. 打篮球是他日常生活的一部分。The Internet has become part of our everyday life. 互联网已成为我们日常生活的一部分。②every day是副词短语，意为“每天，天天”，在句中作状语。That’s true. I read news on the Internet every day. 这是真的，我每天看互联网的新闻。Lisa keeps on learning some everyday English every day. 丽莎坚持每天都学一些日常英语。★(A2).【知识点再现】Today, it is still read and loved by people all over the world, and it is thought to be one of the greatest American stories. 如今，它仍被全世界的人阅读和喜爱，并且它被认为是最伟大的美国小说之一。【知识点18】It is thought to be...意为“人们认为……”，是被动语态的固定句式，相当于People think...，其主动形式为“think...to be...”。类似的结构还有：It is said to be...“据说……”；It is believed to be...“人们相信……”。如：He is thought to be a kind man. 他被认为是一个善良的人Mark Twain is thought to be one of the greatest writers. 马克吐温被认为是一位最伟大的作家之一。He is said to be the richest man in the world. 据说他是世界上最富有的人。At 115, Mrs. Jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country. 115岁高龄的杰克逊夫人被认为是该国最长寿的人。【知识点19】“one of+(the/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+形容词最高级)+名词复数/代词复数”意为“(最)……中的一个”。如果作主语，中心词是one，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：  She is one of the best students in our class. 她是我们班里最好的学生之一。One of my questions is how to learn English well. 我的一个问题是怎样学好英语。One of the oldest students is English in his class. 他的班级中最大的学生之一是英国人。Unit 3 Language in use★(A2).【知识点再现】But soon he turns the situation round, and he is helped by his friends instead. 但是他很快就扭转了形式，反而被朋友们帮助。【知识点1】turn round/around 意为“（使）好转；扭转”。如：I turned my chair round/around to face the fire. 我把椅子转过来面向火炉。【拓展】与turn有关的短语：turn back（使）折回；（使）掉转头；tuen to求救于；求助于；turn in上交。★(A2).【知识点再现】He asks each friend to give him something valuable, and in return they are allowed to do some of Tom’s work. 他要求每个朋友给他一些有价值的东西，作为回报他们被允许做一些汤姆的工作。【知识点2】in return 意为“作为回报”；in return for 意为“作为对……的回报”。如：Liliy bought me a book. In return, I gave her a box of chocolate. 莉莉给我买了一本书。作为回报，我送给她一盒巧克力。Can I buy you lunch in return for your help? 作为对你的帮助的回报，我请你吃饭午饭好吗？★(A3).【知识点再现】Why are popular books made into films? 为什么畅销书被制成电影？【知识点3】【辨析】be made into, be made of, be made from与be made up of的用法辨析：①be made into意为“被制成……”，通常指某种原材料被制成某种成品。如：In many parts of the world corn is made into powder. 在世界许多地方玉米被制成粉。We can make glass into different kinds of things. 我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。②be made of原为be made out of常被省略。意为“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）。如：The cloth is made of cotton. 这种布是用棉花制成的。The desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌都是木头制成的。③be made from意为“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。如：Gas is made from coal. 煤气由煤制成。This kind of wine is made from rice. 这种酒是米制成的。④be made up of意为“由……构成（组成）”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。如：The article is made up of four parts. 这篇文章有四部分组成。The sports team is made up of twenty members. 这支运动队有20人组成。【注】be made of，be made into和make…into…许多时候可互换使用。如：  面包是由面粉做成的。Bread is made of flour.=F1our can be made into bread.=We can make flour into bread.=We can make bread (out) of flour.★(A4).【知识点再现】I think people who write for a job are not as important as they used to be. 我认为以写作业为生的作家没有过去那么重要了。【知识点4】【辨析】used to do sth.与be used to doing sth. 的用法辨析：①used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态，暗示现在不做了，to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，used没有人称和时态的变化。如：He told us he used to play football when he was young. 他告诉我们他年轻的时候常常踢足球。I used to go shopping on Saturdays, but now I no longer do so. 过去我常常星期六去购物，但现在我不那样了。②be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后一般接名词、代词或动名词。如：I am already used to going to bed early. 我已经习惯上床早睡了。The foreigners has been used to eating with chopsticks. 外国人已经习惯于用筷子吃东西。★(A4).【知识点再现】People need to think about what they read, and decide whether it makes sense or not. 人们需要思考他们读到的东西，并且判断它是否有意义。【知识点5】whether... or not意为“是否”，whether引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，一般情况下，可以和if互换。如：He asked me if I could help him. 他问我我能否帮助他。I want to know whether it’s good news or not. 我想知道这是否是个好消息。★(Around the world).【知识点再现】He wrote down his ideas in the form of many famous dialogues and letters. 他以许多著名对话和信件的形式记录下他的思想。【知识点6】in the form of意为“以……的形式”；form的其它搭配：be in form处于良好的竞技状态；be out of form处于不良的竞技状态。如：  Help in the form of money will be very welcome. 以钱的形式资助将十分受欢迎。