Module 10 Unit 2&3知识点详解--2022--2023学年外研版九年级英语上册

外研版九（上）Module 10 Australia知识点详解Unit 2 The game that they like most is Australian football.★(A2).【知识点再现】At the moment, we are staying near Ayers Rock. 现在，我们在艾尔斯岩附近。【知识点1】【辨析】at the moment与at that moment的用法辨析：①at the moment意为“此刻，现在，目前”，相当于now，其中的the也可换为this，常常与一般现在时或现在进行时连用。如：I am chatting with my friends at the moment. 现在我正和我的朋友们聊天He wanted to know what his brother was doing at the moment yesterday. 他想知道他的弟弟昨天这个时候在做什么。②at that moment意为“在那时”，常常与一般过去时连用。如：He was very busy at that moment. 那时他很忙。At that moment, I was not happy. 那时我不开心。【拓展】与moment有关的常用搭配：in a moment立刻；马上（用于一般将来时态）；at any moment随时（有可能的情况）；for a moment一会儿（表示一段时间）；at that moment在那时（用于过去时态）；a moment ago刚才（用于一般过去时）；hang on a moment请稍等（电话用语）。如：★(A2).【知识点再现】On the first day, we took a plane tour over the rock, and I was surprised at how big it was: 3.6 kilometres long and 348 metres high! 在第一天，我们乘飞机参观了艾尔斯岩，我对它如此之大感到惊奇：3.6千米长，348米高。【知识点2】take a tour是固定短语，意为“旅行”，同义短语为go on a tour。tour意为“旅行，参观，游览”。如：He is making a tour of the world. 他正在周游世界去。He is going to take a tour next week. 他打算下周去旅行。【辨析】tour，travel，trip与journey的用法辨析：①tour可作动词和名词，意为“旅行，周游，观光”，主要目的地是游览或视察，距离可长可短，常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义。如：I will tour the world in the future. 在未来，我将周游世界。（作动词）My father has gone down-town on a shopping tour. 我父亲去了一个购物之旅。（作名词）②travel可作动词和名词，意为“旅行”，一般指到国外或远方旅行。泛指旅游的行为或过程，而不特指某次具体的旅行，它同journey不同之处，在于不着重某一目的地，有到各地“游历”的意思，作名词时常用复数形式，前面可以用物主代词，但不能与many或数词连用。如：Travel is much cheaper than it used to be. 现在旅行比过去便宜多了。One day in his travels in China, he got to Guangzhou. 他在中国旅行期间，有一天他到达广州．③trip意为“旅行”，常指短距离的，直达目的地的旅行，并且往往要回到出发地(即双程旅行)，但有时trip 也可指远距离的长途旅行，在日常用语中，trip可与journey通用。如：He went on a trip journey to Paris.他到巴黎旅行去了。I am going on a trip to the seaside during the summer holidays. 暑假期间我将去海边旅行。④journey是名词，意为“旅行，旅程”。通常指远距离的陆地旅行，并且不一定要返回到出发地(即通常指单程)。有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。表示“去旅行”时，英语该说goon a journey，而不说go to a journey。如：Mr. Smith made a journey from Paris to New York.史密斯先生作了一次从巴黎到纽约的旅行。It’s about three days’ journey by train from Wuhan to Xinjiang. 从武汉到新疆乘火车大约有三天的行程。【知识点3】surprised是形容词，意为“人感到惊讶”，主语是人。其用法如下：①be surprised at (doing)sth.意为“对某事感到惊奇/吃惊”，主语是人，后面可接名词、代词、动名词形式或how, what引导的感叹句等。如：I was surprised at how quickly she agreed. 我没想到她这么快就同意了。We are surprised at his surprising success. 我们对他惊人的成功感到惊讶。It seemed that he was very surprised at the news. 这个消息似乎让她很吃惊。②be surprised to do sth.意为“惊讶地做某事”，主语是人。如：I am surprised to see you. 见到你我感到惊讶。She was surprised to find that she was lost. 她惊讶地发现她迷路了。③be surprised+that从句，意为“惊讶地做某事”，主语是人。如：I’m surprised that he didn’t pass the exam我对他没通过考试感到很惊讶。I’m surprised that he should have been so foolish. 我很奇怪他竟然会这么傻。【拓展】①in surprise意为“吃惊地”，为“介词＋名词”结构，在句中作状语。②to one’s surprise意为“让某人吃惊的是”，常位于句首，作状语，表示行为的结果。如：John turned round and looked at him in surprise. 约翰转过身去，吃惊地看着他。To her surprise, she failed in the examination. 让她吃惊的是，她考试没及格。【知识点4】英语中长、宽、高、深等的表达法：数词+表示量的名词+long/wide/high/deep/...；用“数词-表示量的名词(单数)-long/wide/high/deep/...”构成的复合形容词也可表达长、宽、高、深等的数量。如：The river is 8 metres wide. 这条河有8米宽。 //  a 200-metre-high building 一栋200米高的建筑。★(A2).【知识点再现】During different periods of the day, the colours of the rock turn dark blue, purple, yellow and red. 在一天里的不同时期，这块岩石的颜色变成深蓝色、紫色、黄色和红色。【知识点5】period意为“阶段，时期”，常用短语：a period of...一段……的时期；during different periods在不同的时期；during the period of 在……期间；in certain period 在某一时期；in that period 在那个时期。如：We lived in Beijing for a period. 我们在北京住过一段时间。Childhood is a period of rapid growth. 幼年是生长迅速的时期。This was the most difficult period of his life. 这是他一生中最艰难的时期。 The work must be finished within a two-month period. 工作须于两个月内完成。Kites had different names during different periods. 风筝在不同的时期有不同的叫法。【知识点6】【辨析】turn，get，become，go与grow的用法辨析：它们都可以用作变化系动词，它们的区别如下：①turn意为“变得/成”，后多接表示颜色的形容词作表语，意思上侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”。如：The leaves turn green in spring. 树叶在春天变绿。The tree have turned green. 那些树已经变绿了。②get意为“变得”，较口语化，表示进入或变成某种状态，通常与形容词或形容词比较级连用。如：In winter the days get shorter. 冬季白天变得较短。It’s getting darker and darker outside. 户外天色越来越暗。③become意为“变得，成为”，用法较为正式，强调由一种状态向另一种状态的变化，强调变化的过程已经完成，后接形容词或名词。如：He has become a doctor. 他已经成为了一名医生。It is becoming warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。④go意为“变得/成”，通常表示由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。如：These eggs went bad. 这些鸡蛋变质了。In hot weather, meat goes bad. 在炎热的天气里，肉变坏了。⑤grow意为“变得/成”，有逐渐变为新状态的含义，侧重变化的过程。如My little brother is growing tall. 我弟弟长高了。The girl grew thinner and thinner. 那个女孩变得越来越苗条了。【巧记】天气变化用get，颜色变化要用turn；逐渐变化用grow，由好变坏要用go；变化完成用become；变化不同词不同。★(A2).【知识点再现】The Aborigines are the people that have lived in Australia from the earliest times, and their ancient stories descried the spirits that created the world. 澳大利亚土著居民是最早生活在澳大利亚的人，他们的古老故事讲述了创造世界的精灵。【知识点7】本句中含有that引导的定语从句，that引导的定语从句时，可以指事物，也可以指人，在从句是中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。如：There are two books that I want to read. 我想读的有两本书。（作宾语，指物）I have a friend that enjoys travelling a lot. 我有一个喜爱旅游的朋友。（作主语，指人）【知识点8】spirit意为“精灵；神灵；灵魂”时，是可数名词；spirit意为“精神；心灵”时，是不可数名词；spirits意为“情绪；心情”，作此意思讲时必须用复数。与spirits有关的常用搭配：be in (good / high) spirits 喜气洋洋，快活，兴高采烈；lose one’s spirits 垂头丧气；keep up your spirits 振作起来，打起精神。如：They believe that his spirit lives on after death. 他们相信他死后灵魂还活着。I’m always in high spirits. 我的情绪一向很好。He lost his spirits after hearing the news. 听到这个消息后，他垂头丧气。★(A2).【知识点再现】The Australians have a close relationship with the British. 澳大利亚人与英国人有紧密的关系。【知识点9】have a close relationship with sb.意为“和某人保持亲密的关系”，relationship是名词，意为“关系；联系”。如：She has a very close relationship with her sister. 她和她妹妹关系非常亲密。There is a relationship between diet and cancer. 饮食结构和癌症之间有一定关联。I want to trust you and have a close relationship with you. 我想信任你并且和你建立亲密关系。【拓展】relationship是在名词relation“亲戚关系”后加后缀-ship构成的单词，表示的是抽象意义。类似构成还有：friend朋友→friendship友谊；hard困难的→hardship困难；citizen居民→citizenship居民权，等。★(A2).【知识点再现】Many have British relatives, and they are like us in many ways. 许多人有英国亲戚，他们在很多方面与我们相似。【知识点10】relatives意为“亲戚”。relative 的同义词为relation，两者都指根据血统或婚姻关系的远近来说，较近的亲戚用relation，较远的亲戚用relative。如：My aunt is my nearest relative. 我姑姑是我最亲的亲人。These are the gifts to relatives/relations. 这些就是送给亲戚的礼物。【知识点11】in many ways意为“在很多方面”。如：My mother can cook fish in many ways. 我妈妈会用多种方法烹制鱼。In many ways, your idea is better than mine. 从许多方面来看，你的主意比我的更好。We can work out the problem in many ways. 我们可以用很多种方式解决这个问题。★(A2).【知识点再现】Although it is December, it is summer over here. 尽管现在是12月，但这是是夏季。【知识点12】although 是连词，意为“然而，尽管，虽然”，与though同义，引导让步状语从句。although /though不能与but和however同时出现在一个句子中，但可以与yet，still连用。although /though引导的让步状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。如：Although Jim was busy, he still helped others. 尽管吉姆很忙，他依旧帮助别人。He is still happy, although/though he is not rich. 虽然他不富有，但仍然很快乐。Although he is young, (yet) he is quite experienced. 尽管他年轻，但他相当有经验。★(A2).【知识点再现】The horse that I rode was lazy, so I was left far behind the others. 我骑的马很懒，因此我远远落后于别人。【知识点13】far behind是固定短语，意为“远远落后，相差很远”。如：He’s fallen far behind in his work. 他的工作远远没有完成。The country is far behind its neighbours. 这个国家远比邻国落后。★(A2).【知识点再现】Later this evening, we are taking the plane back to Sydney and coming home. 今晚晚些时候，我们会乘飞机回到悉尼，然后回家。【知识点14】take the plane意为“乘飞机”。常见的“搭乘交通工具”的表达方法如下：①“take+the+交通工具”，意为“乘坐……”，相当于“by+交通工具”。如：Tom often takes the car to work.=Tom often goes to work by car. 汤姆常常开小车去上班。It will save you lots of time if you take the subway to go there. 如果你乘地铁去那里，可以节省很多时间。②“by+交通工具”，意为“乘坐……”，此时交通工具前不加任何冠词。如：Many students go to school by bike. 许多学生骑单车去上学。My parents often go to work by car. 我父母常常坐小车上学。③“in/on+a/the+交通工具”，意为“乘坐……”，人能直立起来的就用in，反之则用on。如：Many students go to school on their bikes. 许多学生骑单车去上学。This morning Tom went to school in his father’s car. 今天早上，汤姆坐他爸爸的小车去上学。④walk/ride/drive/fly to+地点，意为“走路/汽车/开车/坐飞机去……”。如：  I like to walk to school every day. 每天我喜欢走路去上班。  Jim flew to Beijing last Saturday. 吉姆上周六坐飞机去北京了★(A5).【知识点再现】Salad is made of cold vegetables that you do not need to cook. 色拉是由不需要烧煮的凉蔬菜制成的。Ham is made from pork. 火腿是由猪肉制成的。【知识点15】【辨析】be made of 与be made from的用法辨析：两者都是被动语态，都表示“由……制成”，其区别是：①be made of原为be made out of常被省略，意为“由……制成”，表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，成品保留了原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化，没发生本质变化。如：The cloth is made of cotton. 这种布是用棉花制成的。The desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌都是木头制成的。The desk is made of wood and the bridge is made of stone. 桌子是由木头制成，桥是由石头制成。②be made from意为“由……制成”，表示制成的东西完全失去原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，制成品已无法辨认原材料是什么。如：Gas is made from coal. 煤气由煤制成。Paper is made from wood.纸是由木材制成的。This kind of wine is made from rice. 这种酒是米制成的。Unit 3 Language in use★(A1).【知识点再现】Australia has more beaches than any other country—more than 10, 000! 澳大利亚拥有世界上最多的沙滩——多于10,000个！【知识点1】“比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词+范围”或“比较级+than+the other+复数可数名词+范围”结构虽为比较级形式，但表示指定范围内的最高级含义。如：Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他的城市都大。Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class. 露西比她班里其他的学生都仔细。★(A1).【知识点再现】It is a great place to visit and to spend some time at. 它是一个游玩和消遣的好地方。【知识点2】“It is+名词/名词短语+to do sth.”为固定句型，常用来表示自己对某事物的看法或向对方提出建议。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语“to do sth.”。如：It’s your turn to answer my questions. 轮到你回答我的问题了。It’s a good habit to wash hands before meals. 饭前洗手是个好习惯。【知识点3】动词不定式to visit和动词不定式短语to spend time at修饰名词place作定语。动词不定式作定语修饰名词时，和被修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式动词如果是不及物动词，要加介词，构成动宾关系。如：Teahouse is a good place to chat and relax in. 茶馆是一个聊天、放松的好地方。It’s too late and we’d better find a right place to live in. 天太晚了，我们最好找个合适的地方先住下来。【拓展】名词place跟动词不定式作定语时，有时和动词不定式表达的动作存在状语关系，这时动词后不加介词。To some animals,zoos are not always the right places to live. 对一些动物来说,动物园未必是生活的好地方。Book your ticket before you book your hotel or a place to camp. 在你预定旅馆或露营的地方前先预定你的票。★(A5).【知识点再现】I’ve been to Australia. 我曾经去过澳大利亚。【知识点4】【辨析】have/has been to与have/has gone to的用法辨析：①“have/has been to+地点名词”意为“已经/曾经去过某地”(人现在已经回来了)，表示一种经历，后可接表示次数的词（如once, twice, three times等），表示“去过某地几次”，也可与just, never, ever等连用。如：I have been to the Great Wall. 我曾经去过长城。Peter has been to Shanghai three times. 皮特曾经去过上海三次。②“have/has gone to+地点名词”意为“已经去某地了”(人可能已经到了那里，也可能还在路上，但不在说话的地方，一般用于第三人称)。如：---- Where is Ann? 安在哪里？ ---- She has gone to Beijing. 她去北京了。Mr. Green isn’t in. He has gone to Shanghai. 格林先生不在家, 他去了上海。★(A5).【知识点再现】Poor you. 难为你了。【知识点5】poor you用于口语中，意为“可怜的你；难为你了”，表示同情、怜惜等。如：Oh, poor you! Let me bring you some medicine. You’ll feel better later after taking it.噢，可怜的孩子！我给你拿点药。服了后你会感觉舒服点。【拓展】poor man用于口语中，表示“可怜的人”。如：Poor man, it was not his fault. 可怜的人啊，这不是他的错吧。★(A7).【知识点再现】Ants were a problem at the next place that we lived in too. 在我们下一个住的地方，蚂蚁也是一个问题。【知识点6】本句是一个包含定语从句的复合句，that we lived in作定语修饰先行词place，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，介词in不可以省略。如：He likes the place that he lives in. 他喜欢他居住的地方。★(A7).【知识点再现】Also, my mum was always worried about the sun and make us stay inside a lot. 此外，我妈妈总是担心太阳，经常让我们待在屋里。【知识点7】make sb. do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”，其被动语态形式为sb. be made to do sth.。如：He made me work all day long. 他让我工作了一整天。I was made to work all day long by him. 我被他让我工作了一整天。★(Around the world).【知识点再现】She has always been very proud to be an Aborigine. 她一直以作为一名土著人而感到骄傲。【知识点8】be proud to do sth.意为“做某事很骄傲”，proud是形容词，意为“骄傲的；自豪的”。如：I’m proud to be a Chinese. 我为作为中国人而骄傲。All the Chinese are proud to see the Chinese flag flying high. 所有的中国人见到飘扬的国旗时都感到很骄傲。★(Around the world).【知识点再现】She has become a symbol of how different cultures in Australia can get along. 她成了在澳大利亚不同的文化可以和谐共存的象征。【知识点9】get along (with sb.)意为“与某人相处”，相当于get on with sb.，with前可加well/badly，表示相处地好/不好。注意：get along with sth.意为“某事进展”。如：She’s never got along with her sister. 她从未与妹妹和睦相处。They get along well with each other. 他们彼此相处得很好。How are you getting along with your English? 你的英语学得怎样？