辽宁省大石桥市第三高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期初考试英语试卷（Word版含答案）

这是一份辽宁省大石桥市第三高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期初考试英语试卷（Word版含答案），共16页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，任务型阅读，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

辽宁省大石桥市第三高级中学2022届高三上学期期初考试英语试卷
一、阅读理解（共15题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
1．阅读理解
Your school asked parents about the social development in children in the last Parents' Meeting. Here are some opinions. Read following information and answer the questions.
Parent 1: Social development in children is an important part of childhood. Social activities can help enhance children's social abilities and make them more confident.
Parent 3: Many ball games are a great way to encourage children to communicate with other kids. It's a good idea for them to play basketball or football together. They can learn teamwork.
Parent 2: Social development should begin at a very young age. It is important for young children before starting school. Playing with other children can help them get skills needed to make friends.
School headmaster: Parents should try to allow children to deal with the situation on their own first. Children can learn what works and what doesn't work from their failures, which help children act properly in the future's society.
（1）The underlined word, “enhance”, can be replaced by ________.
A．spend B．improve C．expect D．handle
（2）What kind of activities may be supported by the third parent for his/her children?
A．Playing basketball with friends. B．Playing computer games.
C．Holding parties at home. D．Watching TV alone.
（3）Which is NOT the advantage from social development according to these parents and headmaster's opinions?
A．Children become more confident.
B．Children get skills needed to make new friends.
C．Children learn teamwork.
D．Children are afraid of making mistakes.
阅读理解
Having experienced a shocking electrical accident, which caused him to become both blind and deaf, James Franco's world became completely dark and quiet for almost ten years. The loss of sight and hearing threw him into such sorrow that he tried a few times to put an end to his life. His family, especially his wife, did their best to tend and comfort him and finally he regained the will to live.
One hot summer afternoon, he was taking a walk with a stick near his house when a thunderstorm started all at once. He stood under a large tree to avoid getting wet, but he was struck by the lightning. Witnesses thought he was dead but he woke up 20 minutes later, lying face down in muddy water. He was trembling badly, but when he opened his eyes, he could hardly believe what he saw: a tree and muddy road. When Mrs. Franco came running up to him, shouting to their neighbors to call for help, he could see her and hear her voice for the first time in nearly ten years.
The news of James regaining his sight and hearing quickly spread and many doctors came to examine him. Most of them said that he regained his sight and hearing from the shock he got from the lightning. However, none of them could give a compellent answer as to why this should happen. The only reasonable explanation given by one doctor was that, since James lost his sight and hearing as a result of a sudden shock, perhaps, the only way for him to regain them was another sudden shock.
2．The reason why James attempted to kill himself was that ________.
A．a terrible electrical accident happened to him
B．nobody in the whole world cared about him
C．he was struck by the lightning once more
D．he had to live in a dark and silent world
3．What was James doing when he was struck by the lightning?
A．Sheltering from the rain under a tree.
B．Putting an end to his life.
C．Taking a walk with a stick.
D．Lying on the ground.
4．What does the underlined word "compellent" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Gradual. B．Wrong. C．Convincing. D．True.
5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．A Terrible Electrical Accident B．What a Sudden Shock
C．An Unforgettable Adventure D．James Franco and His wife
6．阅读理解

This could be the perfect gift for the partner, who embarrasses you on the dance floor. Smart socks, which can teach to dance, may be the answer for anyone with two left feet.
The socks have been developed as a running tool to help runners improve their skills. Thanks to the socks, users can accurately record not only how far and fast they run but also how well. It means the user maximizes their performance, and reduces damage to body and prevents hurt. The hi-tech socks are made of special fibers that watch the movements of your feet. They look, feel and can be washed like normal clothes.
Sensors（传感器）record each movement and send it by an ankle transmitter（脚踝发射器）to a smart phone. Then a "virtual coach" application shows the information and can tell the user what they are doing wrong, and help to improve skill in any task with feet.
The socks should be useful to athletes and weekend joggers. "People think running is so easy and of course everybody can do it but not necessarily safely and well, "Dr Davide Vigano said. A recent study showed that between 60 and 80 percent of runners got hurt per year. This is pretty much more than any other human activity. Researchers say the technology can also be developed to teach people how to dance, play sports such as golf, or even to help to teach women to walk better in high heels.
Mr. Vigano said, "People could all benefit from the idea. We have had interest from all sorts of sports, like skiing, football, cycling and golf. Anything where you have to use your feet can use it. It could even be put in high heels to help women walk in them safely. "
Socks are just the start, and the technology could be used in gloves, hats and boots. The socks, anklet and software package, are expected to be sold for around￡120, which will go on sale in March.
（1）What does the underlined part "anyone with two left feet" refer to?
A．People who are disabled.
B．People who are interested in dancing.
C．People who are not good at dancing.
D．People who invented the socks.
（2）What's special about fibers that the socks are made of?
A．They feel much softer than normal clothes.
B．They can monitor the movement of feet.
C．They are expensive to produce.
D．They act as a smart phone for users.
（3）Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the socks?
A．They can improve the skill of running.
B．They can help women walk better in high heels.
C．They can teach people to dance well.
D．They can be worn for days without washing.
（4）According to Dr. Vigano, .
A．everyone can make good use of the smart socks
B．users can run as fast as they like with the socks
C．60 to 80 percent of runners would like to buy the smart socks
D．no runners will get hurt, thanks to the socks
阅读理解
It warmed my heart today to walk into the Thirsty Camel downtown in the Thanksgiving Day, for a quick lunch before a haircut and library trip. Ihan, a food shop owner, said that he was refusing to take money today because it was Buy Nothing Day. To increase awareness(意识) of the strange over spending nature of our society, Ilan suggested a trade for food today. He simply asked that you offer something of equal personal value for the meal you received.
At first I was really uncomfortable, wondering if it would be fair to exchange a yet to be determined "I Owe You" (IOU) for food? What could I give him of equal value? After all, his food is the best in the town!
We ended up writing our IOU's with promises of a book, some paintings and the offer of work in a variety of ways if he needs it.
I think the idea isn't that the trade is "equal" so much as the importance of the kind of transaction. We put thought into our offer and we had an even greater understanding for the meals we ate.
We don't buy a lot, especially at this upcoming time of year. We don't give gifts at all in fact. The holiday time is spent enjoying each other's company and doing things together with family and friends. This is what seems most sensible.
Ilan is a good person. We are all lucky to have someone like this in our community.
7．Ilan did not take any money that day in order to_________.
A．have a quick lunch before a haircut and library trip
B．buy nothing that day to save some money
C．make people aware of their over spending
D．trade for something of equal value in return
8．For the meal, the author finally offered Ilan ________.
A．some promises B．a book
C．some paintings D．work in different ways
9．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "transaction"?
A．transport B．trade C．meal D．giving
10．What is the author's attitude to Buy Nothing Day?
A．Disagreeable B．Meaningless. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
I've always been interested in why we do the things we do, so last year I decided I'd like to study psychology. Most courses I found, however, were either too expensive, too long or were impossible to combine with work. I was about to give up　11． 　.
At first, I had no idea what they were talking about, but they explained that a MOOC is a Massive Open Online Course — a new type of course offered completely online to thousands of people, which is designed so that anyone can follow it, regardless of age, location or education 　12． 　. You can search for hundreds of different subjects, and can usually watch a short introduction video to get an idea of what the course is about.
　13． 　. At first, I didn't know what to expect or how much time I might spend studying. Each week there were video lectures to watch and readings to do as well as some short assignments. The lectures were really interesting and easy to follow, and it was great to be able to watch them again or pause them to go and do something else. Most MOOCs have online forums (论坛), too, where students can discuss what they are learning. These are often really fascinating because there are so many different opinions, 　14． 　. If you read everything on the forums, you won't have time to finish the lectures!
　15． 　. There is a huge range of courses on offer in hundreds of subjects, and you have the chance to learn new things and be in contact with many different types of people, all from the comfort of your own home. Why not check out a MOOC and start learning something new today?
A. but they are very time-consuming
B. all you need is an Internet connection
C. when a friend suggested that I try a MOOC
D. I chose a six-week Social Psychology course
E. it is difficult to find a course to combine with work
F. But the advantages of MOOCs for busy people today are obvious
G. In fact, that seems to be one of the problems of this new way of studying
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When discussing the causes of animal endangerment, it is important to understand that individual species are not the only factors involved in this difficult situation. Endangerment is a broad 16． , one that involves the habitats and environments where species live and interact with one another. Although some measures are being taken to help specific cases of endangerment, the universal problem cannot be solved until humans 17． the natural environments where endangered species live. There are many reasons why a particular species may become endangered, but habitat destruction is on top.
Our planet is continually changing, causing habitats to be altered and modified. Natural changes tend to occur at a (n) 18． pace, usually causing only a slight 19． on individual species. However, when changes occur at a fast pace, there is little or no time for individual species to 20． and adjust to new situations. This can create disastrous results, and for this reason, rapid habitat loss is the primary cause of species endangerment. The strongest 21． in rapid habitat loss are human beings. Nearly every region of the earth has been affected by human activity, particularly during this past century. The loss of microbes in soils that 22． supported tropical forests, the extinction of fish and various aquatic species in polluted habitats, and changes in global climate brought about by the 23． of greenhouse gases are all results of human activity.
It can be difficult for an individual to 24． the effects that humans have had on specific species. It is also hard to identify or 25． human effects on individual species and habitats, especially during a human lifetime. But it is quite 26． that human activity has greatly contributed to species endangerment. 27． , although tropical forests may look as though they are thick and healthy; they are 28． highly susceptible (易受影响的) to destruction. This is because the soils in which they grow 29． nutrients. It may take centuries to re-grow a forest that was cut down by humans or destroyed by fire, and many of the world's severely threatened animals and plants live in these forests. If the current rate of forest 30． continues, huge quantities of plant and animal species will disappear.
16．A．remark B．issue C．project D．experiment
17．A．worsen B．protect C．seek D．ignore
18．A．extreme B．favorable C．gradual D．rapid
19．A．command B．spirit C．impact D．expectation
20．A．react B．boost C．express D．announce
21．A．sports B．meanings C．forces D．crimes
22．A．usually B．formally C．freely D．formerly
23．A．escape B．goal C．release D．origin
24．A．update B．recognize C．cover D．remind
25．A．predict B．devote C．struggle D．transfer
26．A．obvious B．vital C．contemporary D．selfish
27．A．In short B．In a word C．As a result D．For example
28．A．naturally B．completely C．fully D．actually
29．A．contain B．lack C．reduce D．limit
30．A．growth B．loss C．extension D．planting
四、语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形
The only 　31． 　 (survive) of a shipwreck was washed up on a small island 　32． 　 no one lived. He prayed each day for his rescue, and after every prayer he stared at the horizon, 　33． 　 (search) for help. But nobody seemed to be coming. Exhausted, he eventually decided to build a small 　34． 　 (wood) hut (小屋) to protect himself from the weather, and to store his few valuable possessions. But then one day, after hunting for food, he arrived home to find his little house 　35． 　 fire, the smoke rolling up to the sky. The worst had happened: everything was lost. He burst into tears and 　36． 　 (think) life had played a joke on him. Early the next day, however, he was awoken by the sound of something that was approaching the island. 　37． 　 ship had come to rescue him! The weary man was curious about 　38． 　 his rescuers had found him. "We saw your smoke signal," they replied.
When things are going bad, people can get discouraged. But we shouldn't lose heart, because with a little bit of good luck, 　39． 　 can overcome even the worst misfortune the world throws our way. For all the bad things we might experience, life often provides us 　40． 　 optimistic solutions.
五、书面表达（满分20分）
41．假如你是新华中学的学生李华，你的外籍教师Mr. Smith征求你们对他所授的英语课的意见。请你用英语给他写一封信，内容包括：
1）感谢老师的付出；
2）指出老师教学的优点；
3）提出一至两条建议。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）包括所有要点，内容可适当发挥。
Dear Mr. Smith,
I'd like to take this opportunity to
……
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

答案解析部分
1．【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；时文广告类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是学校对家长关于孩子参与社会发展的问卷结果。
（1）B 词义猜测题。根据Parent 1:Social activities can help enhance children's social abilities and make them more confident.（社会活动能增强孩子们的社交能力，使他们更自信。）也就是说“社交能力能帮助孩子们提高社交能力”。故选B。
（2）A 细节理解题。根据Parent 3中It's a good idea for them to play basketball or football together.可知，父母支持孩子和朋友们玩篮球或踢足球。故选A。
（3）D 推理判断题。根据Parent 1中make them more confident.（使他们更自信），可排除A；根据Parent 2中Playing with other children can help them get skills needed to make friends.（交新朋友使孩子得到需要的技能），可排除B；根据Parent 3中They can learn teamwork.（他们能学到团队合作），可知排除C；再根据School headmaster中Children can learn what works and what doesn't work from their failures,（孩子们可以从他们的失败中学习什么是有效的，什么是没效的。）可知，D项Children are afraid of making mistakes.（孩子们害怕犯错误。）符合题意。
【点评】猜词悟义。任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。抓住所需推断词汇前后的“mean”或系动词或破折号等直接定义该词的部分。小题1，B 词义猜测题。根据Parent 1:中Social activities can help enhance children's social abilities and make them more confident. （社会活动能增强孩子们的社交能力，使他们更自信。）也就是说“社交能力能帮助孩子们提高社交能力”。故选B。
【答案】2．D
3．A
4．C
5．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了James Franco因为受到电击，失明失聪，生活在黑暗寂静的世界里，他几次都想自杀，但有一次他在树下躲雨的时候，意外被闪电击中，却恢复了视力，医生也不能确定具体原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The loss of sight and hearing threw him into such sorrow that he tried a few times to put an end to his life.” 失去视力和听力使他非常悲伤，他曾几次试图结束自己的生命。故选D。
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He stood under a large tree to avoid getting wet, but he was struck by the lightning”他站在一棵大树下以免避雨，但是他被闪电击中了。故选A。
4．考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“The only reasonable explanation given by one doctor was that, since James lost his sight and hearing as a result of a sudden shock, perhaps, the only way for him to regain them was another sudden shock. ”一位医生给出的唯一合理的解释是，由于詹姆斯的视力和听力是由于一次突然的电击而丧失的，因此，他恢复视力和听力的唯一方法可能是另一次突然的电击。所以前面提到的是没有人给出令人信服的答案。故选C。
5．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了James Franco因为受到电击，失明失聪，生活在黑暗寂静的世界里，他几次都想自杀，但有一次他在树下躲雨的时候，意外被闪电击中，却恢复了视力，医生也不能确定具体原因。所以整篇短文都是围绕他的两次被电击讲述的。故选B。
6．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种即将上市的高科技袜子，它可以帮助人们跳舞、走路、跑步等各种体育活动。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“This could be the perfect gift for the partner, who embarrasses you on the dance floor.”可知，这是送给让你在舞池难堪的舞伴最好的礼物，由此可知，画线部分指的是“不会跳舞的人”，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The hi-tech socks are made of special fibers that watch the movements of your feet.”可知，制成这种袜子的原料纤维能够监控你的脚步移动，故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，这种袜子可以帮助运动员和跑者避免受伤、教人们跳舞以及教穿高跟鞋的女性走路，并没有提到这种袜子可以穿很多天都不用洗，故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“People could all benefit from the idea. We have had interest from all sorts of sports, like skiing, football, cycling and golf. Anything where you have to use your feet can use it.”可知，Vigano认为所有的人都可以从这种袜子中获益，只要是进行用脚的活动都用得着这种袜子，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
【答案】7．C
8．A
9．B
10．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了镇上最好的食品店老板Ilan在感恩节这一天不收钱，只是让你提供等价的东西换取食物，以此来提高人们对过度消费的本质的认识。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Ihan，a food shop owner，said that he was refusing to take money today because it was Buy Nothing Day．To increase awareness（意识） of the strange over spending nature of our society.”食品店老板Ihan说，他今天拒绝收钱，因为今天是什么都不买的日子。 为了提高对我们社会奇怪的过度消费性质的认识。可知Ilan这样做，是为了提高人们对过度消费本质的认识，故选C。
8．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“After all，his food is the best in the town!”毕竟，他的食物是镇上最好的！；以及第三段“We ended up writing our IOU's with promises of a book，some paintings and the offer of work in a variety of ways if he needs it”我们最后写了借条，承诺写一本书，一些画，如果他需要的话，我们会以各种方式提供工作。可知为了吃饭作者最后给了他承诺，故选A。
9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段可知，最终我们以各种不同的方式来换取它的食物；以及第四段中的“I think the idea isn't that the trade is‘equal'so much as the importance of the kind of transaction．”我认为这个想法并不是说交易是"平等的"，就像交易的重要性一样。可知，此处的transaction意为“交易”。故选B。
10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Ilan is a good person．We are all lucky to have someone like this in our community”Ilan是个好人。我们都很幸运在我们的社区里有这样的人，可知作者对Buy Nothing Day的态度是支持的。故选C。
【答案】11．C；12．B；13．D；14．A；15．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者起初想学心理学，但是发现大部分课程要么太贵，要么太长难以与工作相结合。后来在朋友的推荐下，参加了网课MOOC。根据自己的亲身体验向大家推荐网课MOOC——这个课程面向大众，设计简单而且只要能上网就可以上课。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇故事类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
11．根据空后“At first, I had no idea what they were talking about, but they explained that a MOOC is a Massive Open Online Course”起初，我不知道他们在说什么，但是他们解释MOOC是一个开放的大众网课。可知，第一段最后一句应该是提出本文的主题MOOC。 C. when a friend suggested that I try a MOOC “当朋友建议我尝试 MOOC 时”符合语境，故选C。
12．本段主要介绍MOOC的特点。根据空前“which is designed so that anyone can follow it, regardless of age, location or education”每人都可以参加，不管年龄，地方或学历，根据前面介绍的Massive Open Online Course可知，只要能连接网络就行， B. all you need is an Internet connection “你只需要一个互联网连接”符合语境，故选B。
13．第三段主要介绍了作者参加MOOC的经历， D. I chose a six-week Social Psychology course “我选择了为期六周的社会心理学课程”适合本段的主旨，故选D。
14．根据空后“If you read everything on the forums, you won't have time to finish the lectures!”如果你要是把论坛上的东西都读完，你就没时间完成讲座了，可知网上论坛太耗费时间。 A. but they are very time-consuming “但它们非常耗时”符合语境，故选A。
15．根据空后“you have the chance to learn new things and be in contact with many different types of people, all from the comfort of your own home”你有机会学习新的东西，接触不同类型的人，所有你需要的是待在舒适的家里。可知，本段主要是讲这类网课的优势。上一段最后提到了网上论坛太耗费时间。所以本段伊始应该有转折之意， F. But the advantages of MOOCs for busy people today are obvious “但是MOOC网课对于繁忙人士的优势是明显的”符合语境，故选F。
【答案】16．B；17．B；18．C；19．C；20．A；21．C；22．D；23．C；24．B；25．A；26．A；27．D；28．D；29．B；30．B
【知识点】说明文；科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类活动造成了野生物种栖息地的迅速丧失，要想解决动物濒危这一问题，人类需要保护濒危物种生存的自然环境。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
16．句意：濒危是一个广泛的问题，涉及到物种生存和相互作用的栖息地和环境。A. remark“评论”；B. issue“问题”；C. project“工程”；D. experiment“实验”。根据上文中的“animal endangerment”可知，动物濒危是一个问题，空后的“the universal problem”也是提示，故选B。
17．句意：虽然正在采取一些措施来帮助解决特定的濒危情况，但只有人类保护濒危物种生存的自然环境，这个普遍的问题才能得到解决。A. worsen“恶化”；B. protect“保护”；C. seek“寻求”；D. ignore“忽视”。根据空后的“the natural environments where endangered species live.”可知，要想解决动物濒危问题，人类需要保护濒危物种生存的自然环境，故选B。
18．句意：自然变化往往是渐进的，通常只对个别物种造成轻微的影响。A. extreme“极端的”；B. favorable“有利的”；C. gradual“逐渐的”；D. rapid“快速的”。根据空后的“usually causing only a slight 4 on individual species.”可知，这种变化通常只对个别物种造成轻微的影响，这说明自然变化是渐进的，故选C。
19．句意：自然变化往往是渐进的，通常只对个别物种造成轻微的影响。A. command“命令”；B. spirit“精神”；C. impact“影响”； D. expectation“期待”。根据常识可知，自然变化会对物种造成影响，have/cause an impact on sth固定短语“对……有/产生影响”，故选C。
20．句意：然而，当变化以很快的速度发生时，个体物种很少或根本没有时间对新情况做出反应和调整。A. react“反应”；B. boost“促进”；C. express“表达”；D. announce“宣布”。根据空后的“adjust to new situations”可知此处指“对新情况做出反应和调整”，故选A。
21．句意：造成栖息地迅速丧失的最大力量是人类。A. sports“运动”；B. meanings“含义”；C. forces“力量”；D. crimes“犯罪”。根据空后，地球上几乎每一个地区都受到人类活动的影响，特别是在上个世纪，因此人类是造成栖息地迅速丧失的最大力量，故选C。
22．句意：以前支持热带森林的土壤中微生物的减少，鱼类和各种水生物种在受污染的栖息地中灭绝，以及温室气体排放所带来的全球气候变化，这些都是人类活动的结果。A. usually“通常”；B. formally“正式地”；C. freely“自由地”；D. formerly“以前，原来”。根据空后的“supported tropical forests”及“all results of human activity”可知，土壤中微生物以前支持热带森林，但现在被人类活动破坏了，故选D。
23．句意：以前支持热带森林的土壤中微生物的减少，鱼类和各种水生物种在受污染的栖息地中灭绝，以及温室气体排放所带来的全球气候变化，这些都是人类活动的结果。A. escape“逃跑”；B. goal“目标”；C. release“释放”；D. origin“起源”。根据空后的“of greenhouse gases are all results of human activity”可知此处指“温室气体的排放”，故选C。
24．句意：一个人很难认识到人类对特定物种的影响。A. update“更新”； B. recognize“承认，认识到”；C. cover “覆盖”；D. remind“提醒”。根据空后的“the effects that humans have had on specific species”可知，一个人很难认识到人类对特定物种的影响，故选B。
25．句意：也很难确定或预测人类对个别物种和栖息地的影响，特别是在人类的一生中。A. predict“预测”；B. devote“致力于”；C. struggle“奋斗”；D. transfer“转让”。根据空前的“identify”可知，很难确定或预测人类对个别物种和栖息地的影响，故选A。
26．句意：但很明显，人类活动对物种的濒危起到了很大的影响。A. obvious“明显的”；B. vital“至关重要的”；C. contemporary“同时代的”；D. selfish“自私的”。根据空后的“that human activity has greatly contributed to species endangerment.”可知，人类活动对物种的濒危起到了很大的影响，这一点是很明显的，故选A。
27．句意：例如，尽管热带森林看起来茂密而健康，它们实际上极易受到破坏。A. In short“总之”；B. In a word“总之”；C. As a result“结果”；D. For example“例如”。根据上文，人类活动对物种的濒危起到了很大的影响，此处是对这一句的举例证明，故选D。
28．句意：例如，尽管热带森林看起来茂密而健康，它们实际上极易受到破坏。A. naturally“自然地”；B. completely“完全地”；C. fully “充分地”；D. actually“实际上”。根据空前的“although tropical forests may look as though they are thick and healthy”可知，尽管热带森林看起来茂密而健康，它们实际上极易受到破坏，故选D。
29．句意：这是因为它们生长的土壤缺乏养分。A. contain“包含”；B. lack“缺乏”；C. reduce“减少”；D. limit“限制”。根据上文，尽管热带森林看起来茂密而健康，它们实际上极易受到破坏，此处解释原因——它们生长的土壤缺乏养分，所以它们并不健康，故选B。
30．句意：如果森林继续以目前的速度消失下去，大量的动植物物种将会消失。A. growth“增长”；B. loss“损失，失去”；C. extension“延伸”；D. planting“种植”。根据空后的“huge quantities of plant and animal species will disappear.”可知，如果森林继续以目前的速度消失下去，大量的动植物物种将会消失，故选B。
【答案】31．survivor；32．where；33．searching；34．wooden；35．on；36．thought；37．A；38．how；39．we；40．with
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在一场船难中，唯一的生存者随着潮水，漂流到一座无人居住的小岛上，并在小岛上求生的故事。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及名词，定语从句，非谓语动词，形容词，介词，时态，冠词，宾语从句，代词，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
31．句意：在一场船难中，唯一的生存者随着潮水，漂流到一座无人居住的小岛上。此处名词作主语，表示“幸存者”应用survivor，且根据后文was可知，应用单数形式。故填survivor。
32．句意：在一场船难中，唯一的生存者随着潮水，漂流到一座无人居住的小岛上。 no one lived 是限制性定语从句，先行词island，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
33．句意：他每天都为他的救援祈祷，每次祈祷后，他都盯着地平线，寻求帮助。search与逻辑主语he构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填searching。
34．句意：筋疲力尽，他最终决定建造一个小木屋来保护自己免受天气影响，并存放他为数不多的贵重物品。此处形容词修饰名词hut，应用形容词wooden表示“木制的”。故填wooden。
35．句意：但有一天，他在寻找食物后回到家，发现他的小房子着火了，浓烟滚滚向上。on fire固定短语，“着火”。故填on。
36．句意：他泪流满面，以为生活对他开了个玩笑。此处作谓语动词，根据上文He burst into tears and可知，此处为一般过去时。故填thought。
37．句意：一艘船来救他了！ship为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且ship为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a，句首字母要大写。故填A。
38．句意：疲惫的男人很好奇他的救援人员是如何找到他的。his rescuers had found him是宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”用how引导。故填how。
39．句意：但是我们不应该失去信心，因为只要有一点点好运气，我们就能克服世界上最严重的不幸。此处做主语表示“我们”应用代词we。故填we。
40．句意：对于我们可能经历的所有坏事，生活常常为我们提供乐观的解决方案。provide sb. with sth.固定短语，“提供某人某物”。故填with。
41．【答案】Dear Mr Smith，
I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to you for your generous help, without which I wouldn't make such rapid progress.
In my eyes, you are a qualified teacher as well as a close friend. Being patient, humorous and energetic, you are always making the class lively and interesting. It was your devotion and enthusiasm that inspired us and aroused our thirst for English. Meanwhile, if possible, I wonder if you can introduce more western culture, which can enrich our life and broaden our horizons. Besides, I would appreciate it if you could organize some after-school activities, for example, the English speech contest, through which we can make better use of what we have learned.
Best wishes and hopefully these suggestions will be practical.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以 新华中学的学生李华的身份 写一封信 。写作背景： 你的外籍教师Mr. Smith征求你们对他所授的英语课的意见。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）感谢老师的付出；2）指出老师教学的优点；3）提出一至两条建议。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to you for your generous help, without which I wouldn't make such rapid progress.运用了非限制性定语从句；In my eyes, you are a qualified teacher as well as a close friend. 运用了比较状语从句；Being patient, humorous and energetic, you are always making the class lively and interesting.运用了形容词作状语； It was your devotion and enthusiasm that inspired us and aroused our thirst for English. 运用了强调句；Meanwhile, if possible, I wonder if you can introduce more western culture, which can enrich our life and broaden our horizons. 运用了宾语从句，非限制性定语从句；Besides, I would appreciate it if you could organize some after-school activities, for example, the English speech contest, through which we can make better use of what we have learned.运用了固定句式I would appreciate it if...，非限制性定语从句，宾语从句。