第18讲 Unit 4 Natural Disasters-Discovering Useful Structures- 2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（人教2019必修第一册）

18 Discovering useful structures【核心词汇】1．erupt vi. & vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出(教材p.52)The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.火山爆发后，住在我们旁边的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。(1)erupt from　　　　 (从……)喷出erupt into 爆发为；突然发出(尤指叫喊)(2)eruption n. 喷发，爆发[佳句]　The volcano may erupt and then there will be earthquakes. Is she not afraid?火山也许会爆发，引发地震，难道他不怕吗？ 2．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品vt.供应；供给(教材p.52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的补给品是从全国各地收集来的。(1)supply sth to sb＝supply sb with sth向某人提供某物(2)be in short supply 短缺a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应[佳句]　I'd like to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water.我想预先买一个大的背包来装食物和水等补给品。 [点津]　表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：①provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb②offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb 【语法解析】一. 定语从句的句法功能及相关定义1．功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2．位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。◆Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please.　支持这项计划的人请举手。◆As is known to us all, the earth is spinning around the sun.　众所周知，地球围着太阳转。3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如some­、any­、every­、no­与­body、­thing的合成词或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。4．关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as等。关系副词：when、where、why等。5．限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“……的”。◆Paper cuts of animls have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty.　早在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。 二. 关系代词引导的定语从句1.who引导的定语从句[合作探究]　The children who were injured in the car accident are being treated in the hospital now.目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。[自主发现1]　who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语。2.whom引导的定语从句[合作探究]　Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。The boy(whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。[自主发现2]　whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。3.whose引导的定语从句[合作探究]　I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。[自主发现3]　whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。4.which引导的定语从句[合作探究]　The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which) he had lost on the train.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。[自主发现4]　which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。5.that引导的定语从句[合作探究]　The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)[自主发现5]　that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。[名师提醒]　(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Unfortunately, many birds didn’t ______(幸存) the severe winter.2．I put my phone on charge because it was running out of ______(电力供应)．3．He is a very brave man who can keep ______(镇静的)even in danger.4．This door should only be used in an ______(紧急情况)．5．The country has financial ______(援助) to many African countries. Ⅱ.用定语从句合并下列句子1．I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music.→________________________________________________________________________2．Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress.I lent her the new dress.→________________________________________________________________________3．The student’s article was published in the magazine.I know the student.→________________________________________________________________________4．My grandparents live in a house.It lies at the foot of the mountain.→________________________________________________________________________5．You referred to the man in the meeting yesterday.I want to know the man.→________________________________________________________________________6．The letter is from my sister.I received it yesterday.→________________________________________________________________________7．The train was late.It was going to Nanning.→________________________________________________________________________8．I want to talk to the boys.Their homework hasn’t been handed in.→________________________________________________________________________9．The boy is my brother.He was here a minute ago.→________________________________________________________________________10．The tree is quite tall.He is climbing it.→________________________________________________________________________ 微写作我父亲在离我们家不远的一家医院工作。我的母亲是一个家庭主妇，经常给我们做好吃的饭菜。我姐姐在北京大学学习，她的专业是中国文学。我有几个喜欢打篮球的好朋友。________________________________________________________________________   用适当的关系代词完成下面短文。Do you know the man 1.___________ wrote this book？He was Jason, one of the engineers 2. ___________  came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory where my father once worked.When he came to China, the first thing 3. ___________ he did was to visit the factory 4. ___________ did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason why China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute 5. ___________  he could spare to help China develop transportation.As is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner 6. ___________  made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to 7. ___________ we should say thanks.