06-上海高考英语考纲核心词汇讲练集训day6

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上海高考英语核心词汇讲与练 Day 六 一．“单句选词填空”专项训练Exercise 16constantly   circumstances   claiming   classified   contemporary  circular     civilization conscience      claimed  civil               We have no _______________ account of the battle ; therefore , we have to consult relevant materials on other battles that took place at the same time.It is reported in some media that scientists are _______________ a major breakthrough I the fight against cancer.The librarian told me that the books in the library are __________________ according to different subjects.Many tourists enjoy a ______________ tour of the city on the open-topped bus.Bob assured his boss that he was a trustworthy man and he did everything with a clear ______________ in his whole life.After seeing the TV series , we were all astonished at the _____________ of ancient Greece and Rome.We cannot deny the fact that Martin Luther King was a great ________________ rights leader in American history.Her belongings were taken away from her in the war; soon after it, she ________________ ownership of everything that belonged to her.What fascinated girls is the fact that fashion is ______________ changing so that they enjoy following it.Under no ______________ should students shout insults at their parents and teachers in return for their love and education.  Keys:contemporary     2. claiming     3. classified     4. circular     5. conscience 6. civilization         7. civil        8. claimed      9. constantly   10. circumstances Exercise 17  command     commerce   commercial    committee     community      companion company      comparison   competitive   complaint      compositions  Everyone in the music hall was fascinated by the Beethoven’s touching ____________.The general had no choice but to _____________ his army to retreat at once , for the force of the enemy was too fierce and frightening.Although the movie cost millions of dollars , to the director’s disappointment , it was not a ___________________ success.Judging by the ________________  he kept , Mark must have been a very wealthy man.Leslie has such a pleasant personality that she was considered as a charming working ____________________.It has become more and more difficult for an undergraduate to find a job in a highly __________________ market.The moment she became a member of the ______________, she decided to have a holiday to celebrate with her family.It was not long before the leader of industry and _____________ had a conference to discuss the next step of the city development.Management ignored our _______________ that washing facilities were inadequate.The local _________________ was shocked by the news that a drunk father had killed his own son by s cruel beating  Keys:compositions      2. command     3. commercial     4. company     5. companionscompetitive       7. committee     8. commerce     9. complaint    10. community  Exercise 18   comprehend     concealed     concentrate       concept     concerns   concrete conducting       convey         confessed         conflict      Congress It is urgent for the local government to do something to resolve the _______________ over                   taxi drivers’ pay.The boy cannot _______________ on reading with all the noise going on made by some birds in a nest in a tree near the window.Owing to her poor health , for a long time , his husband’s death was _______________ from her. The suspect was declared innocent in the court , for there was no _______________ evidence.Most of us failed to _________________ the full seriousness of the situation.What _________________ me is our lack of preparations for the unexpected change , but my close friends comforted me not to worry too much.Madame Curie was ___________________ an experiment in the lab when it occurred to her  that she had found a new element in nature.As we all know , in the political system of America , many new policies will not be accepted until the relevant bills are voted on by the ____________________ .More and more people accept the ________________ that women are no longer weaker than men in many aspects .He hesitated for a long time before he ______________ that it was his fault that resulted in the terrible accident. Keys:conflict      2. concentrate    3. concealed    4. concrete    5. comprehend concerns    7. conducting      8. Congress    9. concept    10. confessed  二．词性转换和翻译训练一、语法填空。1. Studying abroad can not only        (broad) our horizons but also enrich our life experience. 2. All our life, we are busy        (do) the things that seem to be done without question.3. If leaves         (burn), they not only harm people’s health, but (also) pollute the air. 4. Do they charge         (carry) by weight?  Yes. The charge is twenty pounds a kilo.5.The best way to face these         (cahllenge) behaviors is to tell them what behaviors they need.6. The foreign engineer has great difficulty adjusting to the the           (change) weather. 7. We have many tasks around, but what is the         (centre) one? 8. An          (attract) woman is always the centre of attention wherever she is.9. If there's something that annoys me, it's her            (care). I can’t bear any more.10. In the case of         (certain), the choice is unambiguous(不含糊的). 二、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。1. My uncle works for a           (造飞机的) factory and is addicted to body building.2. Some uninvited guests                      (突然打断) me while I was absorbed in reading and writing an article in my study.3. In the north, people are direct, see time as money, and                   (着手做正事) after only a brief period of social talk. 4. When I was searching the house, I came across an old picture, which               (唤起) my sweet childhood. 5. I happened to                     (看见) it yesterday in a fashion shop and there is only one left in my size. 三、根据括号的要求翻译句子。1. 我们希望能在你最方便的时间拜访你。(call on)                                                                                     2. 医生的助手打电话给我取消了我的预约。(call up, call off)   3. 我们宁可把这项实验进行下去，而不愿放弃不做。(carry on)   4. 某些老师在某种程度是造成学生厌学。(to a certain degree)   5. 我们决心完成我们所有的计划。(are determined to, carry through)  【答案】一、语法填空。1. broaden   2. doing  3. are burned  4. carriage   5. challenging  6. changeable  7. central   8. attractive   9. carelessness  10. certainty二、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。1. plane-building  2. burst in on   3. get down to business   4. calls up  5. catch sight of  三、根据括号的要求翻译句子。1. We would like to call on you at your earliest convenience. 2. The doctor's assistant called me up to call off my appointment.3. We would rather carry on this experiment than give it up. 4. To a certain degree, certain teachers cause students to be tired of learning.5. We are determined to carry through all our plans.   三．“词块理解翻译”专项训练101.collapse under the weight/pressure___________________________________102.complain about the faulty device___________________________________103.receive a letter of complaint___________________________________104. compliment her on her new hairstyle___________________________________105. pay compliment to my composition___________________________________106. conceal his emotion purposely___________________________________107. brightly colored eagle-shaped kites___________________________________108. have a good command of Italian___________________________________109. command students' respect___________________________________110. concrete contents or abstract concepts___________________________________107.brightly colored eagle-shaped kites___________________________________108.have a good command of Italian___________________________________109.command students 'respect___________________________________110.concrete contents or abstract concepts___________________________________111.a well-equipped conference room___________________________________112.conquer the Continent___________________________________113.have a guilty/clear conscience___________________________________114.the best contemporary author___________________________________115.first-aid course/band-aid___________________________________116.be held in aid of the handicapped___________________________________117.come to a financial crisis___________________________________118.cookies coated with chocolate___________________________________119.the crew on the aircraft___________________________________120.by credit card or in cash___________________________________101.在重力下崩塌/在压力下崩溃102.抱怨发生故障的设备103.收到一封抱怨信104.因她的新发型称赞她105.称赞我的作文106.故意隐藏他的情绪107.色彩鲜艳的鹰状的风筝108.很好地学握意大利语109.博得学生的尊重110.具体内容或抽象概念111.设施良好的会议室112.征服（欧洲）大陆113.问心有愧/问心无愧114.最好的当代作者115.急救课程/创可贴116.为帮助残疾人而举办117.陷入金融危机118.包裹着巧克力的曲奇饼119.机组成员120.信用卡支付还是现金支付    四．“篇章选词填空”专项训练上海市第二中学2020-2021学年高三上学期期中A. countless    B. exhausted    C. comparison    D. essential    E. estimates    F. featuresG. relatively    H. cleared    I. unfortunately    J. recycled    K. restricts    Rain forests, found in Earth's temperate and tropical zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain____11____, including a closed canopy,   the dense vegetation of the top branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and____12____ constant  temperatures throughout the  year. Most of  the forest's insect  and  animal life grows well in the canopy's leafy and sunlit environment. The forest's ground cover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun's light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils,____13____plant growth.Rain forests are a(n)____14____ part of  Earth's  total  ecology.  Huge  amounts  of  water are absorbed into tree roots and____15____into  the atmosphere  from the  tree leaves through  a process called transpiration（蒸发）. Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis（光合作用）, rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.The rain forests are____16____shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are____17____in order  to raise cattle and   crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly____18____. When farmers move on to new areas heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of____19____ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some _____20_____an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.【答案】11. F    12. G    13. K    14. D    15. J    16. I    17. H    18. B    19. A    20. E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。雨林位于地球的温带和热带地区，是地球上生物多样性最强的生态系统之一。不幸的是，由于农业、伐木和采矿等有利可图的冒险活动，雨林正在迅速萎缩。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：所有的雨林都有一些共同的特征，包括封闭的树冠，顶部树枝上茂密的植被形成了森林地面上的屋顶，潮湿温暖的气候，以及全年相对恒定的温度。所填单词作动词 share的宾语，形容词certain(某些)修饰复数名词，including后的部分表明填 features(特征)。故选F。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：所有的雨林都有一些共同的特征，包括封闭的树冠，顶部树枝上茂密的植被形成了森林地面上的屋顶，潮湿温暖的气候，以及全年相对恒定的温度。空格处单词修饰形容词constant，此处表达的是“相对恒定的温度”，应填副词relatively(相对地)。故选G。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：这种黑暗，加上土壤质量差，限制了植物的生长。此处在句子中作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是 This darkness，不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合句意选择动词 restricts(限制)。故选K。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：雨林是地球生态系统的一个重要组成部分。此处修饰名词part，结合句意，应填形容词 essential(极其重要的)。故选D。【15题详解】考查过去分词。句意：大量的水被吸收到树根中，并通过一个叫做蒸腾作用的过程从树叶中循环到大气中。此处与前面are absorbed并列作谓语，主语water与动词 absorb(吸收)、 recycle(循环)之间为被动关系，所以空格处填动词的过去分词。故选J。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，由于农业、伐木和采矿等有利可图的投机活动，雨林正在迅速减少，所填单词作状语修饰整个句子，结合句意用unfortunately(不幸的是)。故选I。【17题详解】考查过去分词。句意：当热带雨林被砍伐以饲养牲畜和农作物时，营养贫瘠的士壤很快就会枯竭。主语 tropical rain forests与动词clear(移走、清理)之间为被动关系，根据被动结构be+过去分词可知，此处应填 cleared。故选H。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：当热带雨林被砍伐以饲养牲畜和农作物时，营养贫瘠的土壤很快就会枯竭。此处在句子中作表语，前面有副词修饰，结合句意应填形容词 exhausted(耗尽的、枯竭的)。故选B。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：伐木和采矿对土地造成了类似的破坏，摧毁了无数鸟类、昆虫和动物的领地。所填单词作定语修饰名词 millions，表示“数不清的”应用形容词 countless。故选A。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：据估计，每个月都会有一个面积相当于特拉华州的热带雨林以这种方式消失。by some estimates据估计，固定表达。故选E。