人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions导学案及答案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions导学案及答案，文件包含Part2docx、Part1docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共98页， 欢迎下载使用。
Part 2　Listening and Talking～Assessing Your Progress


1.主题语境:人与社会——美丽的爱尔兰及其传统。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍了爱尔兰美丽的乡村以及当地的风土人情。有利于学生了解并体验不同的文化,培养其跨文化交流的意识。


答案:1.writers　2.Peaceful　3.green　4.waves　5.seabirds　6.mountains　7.traditions


1.◆eager adj.热切的;渴望的(教材第43页)
That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.(2020年北京卷,阅读理解D)
这是一些人工智能开发者现在迫切希望改变的事情。
The teacher is very glad that everyone in her class is eager for study.
老师很高兴她班上的每个人都渴望学习。



单句语法填空
①When my son was five years old,I was eager 　　　　 another baby. 
②“So what do you think will happen?” he asked 　　　　(eager). 
③I couldn’t hide my 　　　　(eager) to get back home. 
④Robert was eager 　　　　(talk) about the life in the army. 
答案:①for　②eagerly　③eagerness　④to talk
2.Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.(教材第44页)
一直以来,爱尔兰的美丽乡村对当地的人民和传统产生着深远的影响。
◆influence n.& vt.影响
Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting.
梵·高对现代绘画的发展有着重大的影响。
We became the best friends and he influenced me deeply.
我们成了最好的朋友,他对我的影响深远。



单句语法填空
①As we know, no one can avoid 　　　　(influence) by the experiences of the past. 
②Smoking has a great influence 　　　　 the people’s health. 
翻译句子
③你吃的东西可能影响你患癌症的风险。



④因特网对人们的生活有很大的影响。


答案:①being influenced　②on　③What you eat may influence your risk of getting cancer.　④The Internet has a great influence on people’s life.
3.And down by the sea,the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.(教材第44页)
海边波浪咆哮,海鸟鸣叫,奏响了海岸交响乐。
◆make up构成,组成;编造;化妆;和解;和好
Forty-four students make up our class.
我们班由44个学生组成。
Tom made up an excuse for his being late.
汤姆编造了他迟到的理由。
They quarrelled last night.But they made up again this morning.
他们昨天晚上吵架了,但是今天早晨又和好了。



写出句中 make up 的含义
①I’m trying to make up the time I lost while I was sick.　　　　　　　 
②The actors were making up in the next room.
　　　　　　　 
③Everyone in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making up jokes.　　　　　　　 
④Boys make up 56% of the students’ number.
　　　　　　　 
⑤The famous singer made up a song about friendship.　　　　　　　 
答案:①补上,弥补　②化妆　③编造　④组成,构成　⑤创作,编造
4.And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face,you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.(教材第44页)
向友善的当地人做个自我介绍,你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
◆more than非常;不仅仅是;多于
Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷,语法填空)
橘子树不仅仅是装饰品;它们是好运和财富的象征。
I am more than happy to hear from you.
收到你的来信我非常高兴。



翻译句子
①他们在电话里谈了一个多小时。


②他们非常愿意帮助你。


③《中国日报》不仅是一份报纸,它还能帮助我们提高英语水平。




④他是个有勇无谋的人。



答案:①They talked on the phone for more than one hour.
②They are more than willing to help you.
③China Daily is more than a newspaper;it can also help us to improve our English.
④He is a man who is more brave than wise.

　With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,dancing,and dining.(教材第44页)
这般美景,自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民间传统,如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。
　句中画线部分是it作形式主语,that引导真正的主语从句。
It’s a pity (that) you can’t attend my birthday party.
很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是,他们突然来看他。
It seems to me that you disagree with the plan.
在我看来,你好像不赞成这个计划。



单句语法填空
①It’s impolite 　　　　(speak) when you’re eating. 
②It is no use 　　　　(argue) with Bill because he will never admit his mistakes. 
③It is very important for us　　　　(keep) a good relationship with our teachers. 
④It is obvious to the students 　　　　they should get well prepared for their future. 
答案:①to speak　②arguing　③to keep　④that

　On a quiet morning in the mountains,feel the sun on your skin,and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.(教材第44页)
山里宁静的早晨,感受阳光洒落在你身上,呼吸着鲜花的芬芳,而鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。
feel the sun on your skin和breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers是并列分句,为祈使句;while引导的是时间状语从句。

Dave could not find a seat in the room.It was very crowded.(教材第46页)
戴夫在房间里找不到座位。那里非常拥挤。
◆crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤
We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.(2020天津卷,阅读理解D)
我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战传统。我们只是随大流。
After seeing the report,problems about the company crowded into my head.
看了这份报告后,很多有关公司的问题涌上我的心头。
The crowd crowded into the stadium which was crowded with audience.
人群挤进体育馆里,里面挤满了观众。



单句语法填空
①The hall 　　　　(crowd) with his devoted fans,waiting for his showing up. 
②In their opinion,some big cities are too 　　　　(crowd) and noisy. 
③When I saw the terrible scene,many problems crowded 　　　　 my mind. 
答案:①was crowded　②crowded　③into


Describe a place that you like

1.文体类型:描述喜欢的地方,属于说明文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)爱尔兰乡村美景;
(2)爱尔兰的风土人情。



1.说明文开头常用句式。
It is located/lies in ..., with an area of ...
It covers an area of ..., with a history of ...
..., located in ...and covering an area of ..., is one of China’s most famous scenic spots.
The history of ...dates back to ...
It has become the most popular tourist attraction since ...
2.说明文正文常用句式。
There are many places of interest,such as...
You can enjoy...,which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.
With...,...is/are attracting more and more tourists.
An interesting feature of...is...
With its pleasant climate,rich natural resources and beautiful scenery,...is one of China’s major tourist cities.
A trip along...will enable you to get to know...
3.说明文结尾常用句式。
...is well worth visiting.
...is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.

假设你是李华,请你用英语给某英文报社的《城市风采》栏目写一篇短文,介绍我们伟大祖国的首都——北京。要点如下:
1.基本概况:人口约2 000万,面积16 000多平方千米,位于华北平原北部。
2.气候:四季分明,夏季炎热多雨,冬季寒冷干燥。
3.历史与文化:有3 000多年的历史,是我国的政治、文化中心,有很多著名大学,如清华大学、北京大学等。
4.交通与旅游:交通便利,有天安门广场、紫禁城、长城等很多旅游景点。
注意:
1.写作词数为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。










Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 adj. 极有吸引力的  
2.　　　　　　　　 位于 
3.　　　　　　　　 有着……的历史 
4.　　　　　　　　 还,和,又 
5.　　　　　　　　 例如 
6.　　　　　　　　 吸引……的注意 
7.　　　　　　　　 在……中扮演重要角色(起重要作用) 
8.　　　　　　　　 n.位置 
9.　　　　　　　　 n.风景 
10.　　　　　　　　 n.小吃 
11.　　　　　　　　 adj.引人注目的 
12.　　　　　　　　 n.习俗,风俗习惯 
答案:1.fascinating　2.(be) located in　3.have a history of　4.as well as　5.such as　6.draw the attention of　7.play an important role in　8.location　9.landscape
10.snack　11.striking　12.custom
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
完成句子
1.北京人口约2 000万,面积16 000多平方千米。
Beijing 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 about 20 million and 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 more than 16,000 square kilometers. 
2.北京位于华北平原北部。
Beijing 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the north of the North China Plain. 
3.北京是中国的政治文化中心。
Beijing is 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 of China. 
4.北京成功举办了2008年奥运会,吸引了世界的目光。
Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the world. 
5.北京有很多著名大学,如北京大学、清华大学等。
Beijing has many famous universities,　　　　 　　　　 Peking University and Tsinghua University. 
6.北京也是一个度假的好去处,且交通便利。
Beijing is also 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to enjoy your holiday and it’s convenient to travel there. 
答案:1.has a population of;covers an area of　2.is located in　3.the political and cultural center　4.drew the attention of　5.such as　6.a fascinating place

1.将第3句和第4句合并为含现在分词作状语的句子。



2.将第5句改为含定语从句的复合句。



答案:1.Being the political and cultural center of China,Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and drew the attention of the world.
2.There are many universities in Beijing,of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are the most famous.

Beijing,the capital of China,has a population of about 20 million and covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.Located in the north of the North China Plain,Beijing has four distinct seasons,which is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.
Beijing has a history of more than 3,000 years.Being the political and cultural center of China,Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and drew the attention of the world.There are many universities in Beijing,of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are the most famous.
Beijing is also a fascinating place to enjoy your holiday and it’s convenient to travel there.There are many places of interest,such as Tian’an men Square,the Forbidden City,the Great Wall as well as the Bird’s Nest.Now,Beijing is playing a more and more important role in the world.

假设你是李华,请你用英语给某英文报社写一篇短文,介绍你家乡的情况,要点包括你家乡的地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要物产等。
注意:
1.写作词数为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。































One possible version:
I am more than delighted to introduce my hometown briefly to you.It is called Linqu,which is located in the middle of Shandong Peninsula.
It has four distinctive seasons,bringing us beautiful natural scenery and rich produce,such as apples and pears.Mountain Yi is one of the most famous tourist attractions here.Autumn is a golden season,so you can take a tour to Mountain Yi.The leaves are in brown,yellow or red.The whole mountain is in a bright color.
Welcome to my city.I’ll work as your guide and lead you to enjoy the delicious snacks here.
课时作业(八)　UNIT 4　Part 2

Ⅰ.语境填词
1.When Tom was little,he 　　　　(roll) down the hill and hurt himself. 
2.There are many famous 　　　　(poet)in modern times,among whom I like Wang Guozhen most. 
3.In the Chinese culture,it is normal 　　　　(greet) your friends or your relatives when you meet them. 
4.Children are curious about everything and are eager 　　　　(learn) more. 
5.He caused great loss to the company so he was likely 　　　　(lose) the job. 
6.Different kinds of music have an influence 　　　　 people in different ways. 
7.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photo 　　　　(take). 
8.The bookshop is in 　　　　 charge of Tom. 
9.To learn English well,we should find chances to hear English 　　　　(speak) as much as possible. 
10.The doors were 　　　　(lock) from the inside. 
答案:1.rolled　2.poets　3.to greet　4.to learn　5.to lose　6.on　7.taken　8.the　9.spoken
10.locked
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.According to the weather forecast,it 　　　　　　　　　　(可能) rain tomorrow. 
2.Fifty states 　　　　　　　　(组成)the USA. 
3.Smoking 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(对……有不好的影响) people’s health. 
4.The bus 　　　　　　　　　　(挤满了)people. 
5.The project is 　　　　　　　　(不仅仅)learning to read. 
6.The boy 　　　　　　　　(急切地想知道) the result of the final exam. 
7.　　　　　　　　 (很令人吃惊)she should have failed in the interview. 
8.　　　　　　　　 (我突然想到) I had left my bag on the bus. 
1.is likely to　2.make up　3.has a bad influence on　4.was crowded with　5.more than　6.is eager to know　7.It is surprising that　8.It struck me that

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020年全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解A)
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History,Culture & Landscape(景观).Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history,5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk.Owned by the Hasell family since 1679,home to the International Marmalade Festival.Gifts and antiques,plant sales,museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open:29 Mar-29 Oct,Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom,Gardens & Gift Shop:10:30-17:00(16:00 in Oct).
House:11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct).
Town:Pooley Bridge&Penrith.
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery.The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open:Mon to Sat and summer Sundays,10:30-17:00 Summer,10:30-16:00 winter.
Town:Kendal.
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover,explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House,where historic collections,contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery.There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun,so there’s something for everyone!
Open:High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct,Mon to Sat 10:00-17:00,Sun 11:00-17:00.
Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar,Mon to Sat 10:00-16:30,Sun 12:00-16:30.
Town:Carlisle.
Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home.Take a tour of his lakeland cottage,walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the museum.Visit the shop and relax in the café.Exhibitions,events and family activities throughout the year.
Open:Daily,9:30-17:30(last admission 17:00).
Town:Grasmere.
1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A.9:30-17:30. B.10:30-16:00.
C.11:15-16:00. D.12:00-16:30.
2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A.Enjoy Romney’s works.
B.Have some interactive fun.
C.Attend a famous festival.
D.Learn the history of a family.
3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?
A.Penrith. B.Kendal.
C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.
语篇导读:本文是应用文,主要介绍了几个湖区景点,包括其营业时间及地点等。阅读本文有利于培养学生获取信息的能力。
答案及剖析:
1.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens”部分的信息“House:11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct).”可知答案。故选C。
2.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum”部分的信息“The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.”可知,游客可以在此处欣赏Romney的作品。故选A。
3.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum”部分的信息“Town:Grasmere”可知,如果游客想了解Wordsworth的生活可以去Grasmere。故选D。
B
Back in 1859,an Englishman,Thomas Austin,brought 24 rabbits to Australia’s eastern state of Victoria.Never before had there been any rabbits on the Australian continent.Austin and other homesick English settlers thought rabbits would remind them of the green fields of home.They also felt the creatures would provide them with game to hunt.
However,the rabbits spread through Victoria,New South Wales,southern Queensland,and South Australia in no time.Worse,the animals had begun moving west.These little creatures easily went through pastures and crops,and destroyed almost everything in their path.They evicted wallabies(a kind of Australian animal) and other now-endangered animals, moving in and taking over their homes.The rabbits just chose to eat certain grasses and small bushes, which completely changed the local ecosystem.In times of drought, the rabbits dug deep into the ground to find small amounts of water in the roots of plants.As the vegetation cover was destroyed, erosion became a serious problem.By 1894 the threat had reached Western Australia’s border.
In the end, a decision was made to build a rabbit-proof fence that would cross the continent from north to south.In late 1901, the construction of the Number 1 Rabbit-proof Fence began.The project required 400 camels, 150 horses, 50 donkeys, and 4 teams of oxen.Posts made of bushes were driven into the ground every twelve feet.Wire netting that reached out three and a half feet above the ground and one foot into the ground was fixed between the posts.
By 1907 the rabbit-proof fence was completed.A second and third fence line had been added when rabbits were found west of the original fence.With the Number 2 and Number 3 fences, Australia was totally divided by 2023 miles of netting.In 1907 the three parts of the rabbit-proof fence made up the longest fence in the world.No one could have imagined the consequences of Thomas Austin’s decision to bring rabbits to Australia in 1859.Who could have known what it would take to contain 24 rabbits?
4.According to the text, Thomas Austin 　　　. 
A.was the designer of the rabbit-proof fence
B.moved to Australia in the early 19th century
C.lived in eastern state of Victoria all his life
D.brought rabbits to Australia to avoid loneliness
5.The underlined word “evicted” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “　　　”. 
A.admired B.removed
C.controlled D.protected
6.The animals mentioned in Paragraph 3 imply that 　　　. 
A.many animals could be seen in Australia
B.it was hard to find food for these animals
C.building the fence was extremely difficult
D.the project was a waste of time and effort
7.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Australia’s Rabbit-proof Fences
B.How to Make a Rabbit-proof Fence
C.Rabbits—the Perfect Pet for Children
D.Thomas Austin—a Smart Rabbit Keeper
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。早在1859年,一位名叫Thomas Austin的英国人将24只兔子带到澳大利亚东部的维多利亚州,然而这些兔子很快开始在澳大利亚扩散开来,对当地的生态造成了很大破坏,于是人们开始建设一个从北到南的防兔子围栏。到1907年,防兔围栏建成。阅读本文有助于学生了解澳大利亚防兔围栏的历史。
答案及剖析:
4.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中“Back in 1859, an Englishman, Thomas Austin, brought 24 rabbits to Australia’s eastern state of Victoria.Never before had there been any rabbits on the Australian continent.Austin and other homesick English settlers thought rabbits would remind them of the green fields of home.”可知,Thomas Austin把兔子带到澳大利亚来是为了避免孤独。故选D。
5.B　词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中猜测词汇意义的能力。根据画线词上文“These little creatures easily went through pastures and crops, and destroyed almost everything in their path.”以及后文“and other now-endangered animals, moving in and taking over their homes”可推知,画线部分所在句子意为“它们把小袋鼠和其他濒危动物赶走了”,故画线词意思为“赶走”。故选B。
6.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段中“In the end, a decision was made to build a rabbit-proof fence that would cross the continent from north to south.In late 1901, the construction of the Number 1 Rabbit-proof Fence began.The project required 400 camels, 150 horses, 50 donkeys, and 4 teams of oxen.Posts made of bushes were driven into the ground every twelve feet.Wire netting that reached out three and a half feet above the ground and one foot into the ground was fixed between the posts.”可知,第三段中提到动物是为了暗示建造围栏是极其困难的。故选C。
7.A　标题归纳题。考查学生根据文本信息归纳文章主旨的能力。根据最后一段中“By 1907 the rabbit-proof fence was completed.A second and third fence line had been added when rabbits were found west of the original fence.With the Number 2 and Number 3 fences, Australia was totally divided by 2023 miles of netting.In 1907 the three parts of the rabbit-proof fence made up the longest fence in the world.”并结合全文可知,文章主要介绍了澳大利亚防兔围栏的历史来源。所以A项“澳大利亚的防兔围栏”最符合文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Germany is a highly developed country.Many people think its people lead a luxurious (奢侈的) life.One day,my friend and I 　1　 a restaurant.We noticed that a young couple was having their meal.There were only two dishes and two cans of beer on their table.I wondered if such a (n) 　2　 meal could be fine and whether the girl would leave that 　3　 man. 
As we were 　4　, my friend ordered more food for us.When we left, there was still about one third of the food we had ordered on the table.When we were leaving, the young man spoke to us in English.We 　5　 that he was unhappy about us 　6　 so much food.“We paid for our food.It is none of your 　7　 how much food we left behind,” my friend told him.The young man was so angry that he 　8　 took his phone out and made a call to someone. 
After a while, an officer from the Social Security Organization (社会保障组织) arrived.Upon knowing what had happened, he gave us a 50 euro fine (罚款), which 　9　 us. 
The officer told us in a 　10　 voice, “Money is yours but resources (资源) belong to society.There are many poor people in the world who are 　11　 hunger.We have no reason to waste resources.” 
Their attitude to eating put both of us to shame.We need to correct our wrong 　12　.We often think we should order more than we can eat, which 　13　 our friends our generosity (慷慨).We should realize that resources don’t belong to a (n) 　14　 person but they belong to everyone.We can’t 　15　 to waste them. 
1.A.opened B.left
C.entered D.called
2.A.simple B.cheap
C.expensive D.common
3.A.gentle B.stupid
C.mean D.friendly
4.A.full B.hungry
C.honest D.free
5.A.disagreed B.understood
C.ignored D.doubted
6.A.ordering B.eating
C.wasting D.serving
7.A.business B.power
C.action D.mind
8.A.slowly B.calmly
C.exactly D.immediately
9.A.worried B.upset
C.surprised D.satisfied
10.A.relaxing B.serious
C.grateful D.boring
11.A.thinking about B.bringing in
C.suffering from D.getting along with
12.A.purpose B.method
C.education D.opinion
13.A.returns B.shows
C.lends D.passes
14.A.important B.wealthy
C.single D.special
15.A.expect B.begin
C.manage D.afford
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过德国人吃饭不浪费食物的例子告诉我们资源是属于社会的,我们没有理由浪费资源。阅读本文有利于培养学生节约资源的意识。
文章脉络

答案及剖析:
1.C　此处指“我”和朋友“进入(entered)”一家饭店,看到一对年轻夫妇在吃饭。故选C。
2.A　此处指两个年轻人点的“two dishes and two cans of beer”是“简单的(simple)”饭菜。故选A。
3.C　因为两个年轻人点的饭菜很简单,所以“我”认为这个男士很“吝啬(mean)”。故选C。
4.B　此处指因为“我们”“饿(hungry)”了,所以朋友给“我们”点了很多食物。故选B。
5.B　通过年轻人对“我们”说的话,“我们”“明白(understood)”他因为“我们”浪费食物而不高兴。故选B。
6.C　根据上文“there was still about one third of the food we had ordered on the table”可知,“我们”剩了三分之一的食物,“我们”“浪费(wasting)”了食物。故选C。
7.A　朋友告诉年轻人“我们”花钱买的食物,“我们”剩多少和他无关。none of your business“不关你的事”。故选A。
8.D　年轻人听完朋友的话很生气,“立刻(immediately)”拿出手机打电话。故选D。
9.C　此处指社会保障组织的官员罚款“我们”50欧元,这让“我们”很“吃惊(surprised)”。故选C。
10.B　此处指官员严肃地告诉“我们”不能浪费社会资源,serious符合当时语境。故选B。
11.C　此处指世界上还有许多“遭受(suffering from)”饥饿的穷人。故选C。
12.D　“我们”需要改正“我们”错误的观点,指对待吃饭和浪费的“观点(opinion)”。故选D。
13.B　为了顾及颜面,“我们”总是多点菜,这“显示(shows)”“我们”对朋友的慷慨。故选B。
14.C　句意:“我们”应该意识到资源不属于某个人,而是属于大家,此处表示“单个(single)”人。故选C。
15.D　此处指“我们”不能浪费资源,表示“负担得起(afford)”。故选D。
核心素养提升(UNIT 4)
(时间:120分钟　满分:150分)

高考主播音频
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When did the woman learn to draw?(　A　)
A.In university. B.In high school.
C.In the childhood.
2.Where does the conversation take place?(　A　)
A.At a hotel. B.At an airport.
C.At a company.
3.What does the man think of Bill?(　C　)
A.He’s thoughtful.
B.He’s humorous.
C.He’s careless.
4.How much is a T-shirt now?(　A　)
A.$21. B.$27. C.$30.
5.Why might the man be surprised?(　B　)
A.Because the woman was late.
B.Because the woman arrived early.
C.Because the woman worked overtime tonight.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、第7题。
6.Why does the man make the call?(　B　)
A.Because he hurts his back.
B.Because he feels pain in his shoulder.
C.Because he wants more medicine.
7.At what time will the man probably see the doctor tomorrow?(　A　)
A.9:00 a.m. B.11:00 a.m.
C.4:00 p.m.
听第7段材料,回答第8～10题。
8.What was the topic of today’s speech?(　C　)
A.Climate change. B.Study habits.
C.Technology.
9.How did the man feel about today’s speech?(　B　)
A.He felt inspired.
B.He felt it was boring.
C.He felt it was better than the first one.
10.Who will be giving the next speech?(　A　)
A.An inventor.
B.A professional athlete.
C.A computer programmer.
听第8段材料,回答第11～13题。
11.What do we know about the man’s wife?(　B　)
A.She is easy to shop for.
B.She only likes certain things.
C.She works in a department store.
12.What color did the woman look for?(　C　)
A.Black. B.Brown. C.Blue.
13.What did the man buy?(　C　)
A.A sweater.
B.A pair of gloves.
C.A scarf.
听第9段材料,回答第14～16题。
14.What is the relationship between the speakers?(　C　)
A.Classmates. B.New friends.
C.Teacher and student.
15.What does the woman think of Billy’s problem?(　C　)
A.It’s not a big deal.
B.It’s terribly annoying.
C.It’s reasonable to be worried.
16.What does the woman advise Billy to do in the end?(　B　)
A.Work harder.
B.Talk to his parents.
C.Stay at his old school.
听第10段材料,回答第17～20题。
17.What did the customer think of George Crum’s French fries at first?(　A　)
A.They were unsatisfying.
B.They were delicious.
C.They were salty.
18.Why did George Crum serve the customer thinly cut potatoes?(　B　)
A.Because he wanted the customer to be happy.
B.Because he was bothered by the customer’s requests.
C.Because he wanted to try making a new style of fries.
19.What did the customer do with the last potato chips?(　C　)
A.He refused to eat them. B.He complained to the chef.
C.He tried them and liked them.
20.What did George Crum do with his new invention?(　A　)
A.He sold the chips in stores.
B.He sold the recipe to his customer.
C.He sold the snack idea to other restaurants.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
M:When did you learn to draw like that?Did you take lessons when you were a kid?
W:No,I learned it in college during the summer.I thought about taking an art class in high school,but at the time I was too busy to handle many lessons.
(Text 2)
W:Sir,we don’t seem to have a reservation for you.I’m sorry.
M:But my secretary said that she had reserved a room for me here.I phoned her from the airport this morning just before I boarded my plane.
(Text 3)
W:I will never go anywhere with Bill ever again.He can never remember where he parks his car.
M:That certainly sounds like Bill.
(Text 4)
M:How much are these T-shirts?Are they also on sale?
W:Yes,they are usually $30 each,but they are on sale now and you can get 30% off.
(Text 5)
M:Jenny!I wasn’t expecting you at this time.I thought you weren’t getting to the party until after 7:00.
W:Yeah,I didn’t have to work overtime tonight.My boss actually let me off when he said he would.Who could have guessed?
第二节
(Text 6)
M:Good afternoon.I’m calling because I really need some help.I was moving furniture the other day and I hurt my shoulder.I feel pain when I move my arm backwards.It has been like this for several days already.I took some medicine already,but that didn’t help.I think I need to see a doctor.
W:That’s too bad.You said it’s a shoulder problem,right?
M:Yes,that’s it.I also have a little back pain sometimes.I am not worried about that.
W:OK,would tomorrow morning or afternoon work better for you?We have openings at 9:00 a.m.,11:00 a.m.,and 4:00 p.m.
M:The earlier,the better.
(Text 7)
M:What did you think about the guest speaker today?
W:He was great.I am glad we had the chance to learn something fresh and exciting today.
M:I still think last week’s speaker was better.That scientist really opened my eyes to climate change.
W:Well,I guess it depends on what you’re interested in.I’m taking computer science,so it is very useful to me.You probably just didn’t understand what he was talking about.
M:Actually,I did.But after a while,I lost interest.I kept looking at my watch to see how much time was left.Who is coming next week?
W:I heard it’s some guy who came up with an idea for solar-powered products.The week after that,we’ll get a visit from a famous basketball player.
M:That’s more like it!
(Text 8)
W:Welcome to Joan’s department store.Can I help you?
M:Yes,I’m looking for a birthday present for my wife.
W:Do you have something specific in mind?
M:I don’t know.She’s very particular.Any suggestions?
W:We have some new woolen sweaters that just arrived.
M:Oh,that might be just the thing.My wife just loves soft sweaters,and she’s always liked that material for that exact reason.Do you have anything in blue?
W:Unfortunately,we only have these sweaters in black and light brown.We do have some woolen scarves and gloves in different colors.Let me see if we have one in blue.
M:Great.Thanks.
W:I found a blue scarf here.What do you think?
M:It looks perfect.I’ll take it.
(Text 9)
W:Billy,we need to talk.I noticed you haven’t been paying as much attention as usual in class lately.Your writing has gotten worse,too.What’s going on?
M:Oh,it’s nothing.
W:Nothing?Billy,I know you too well for that.So,what’s really going on?
M:All right.I heard my parents talking recently.They thought I was asleep,but I wasn’t.They were talking about moving because of my father’s work.The company wants him to manage an office in another city.So,I’ve been worried about that.I don’t want to have to start over in another place with a new school,new friends,and new teachers.
W:I understand.
M:I guess I just feel anxious about what might happen.I haven’t talked with my parents yet,but I don’t know why.
W:Well,I can see how that could be a cause for concern.You are clever,friendly,and hard-working when you put your mind to it.You will have nothing to worry about if you do move to a new school.And if you stay,you need to keep your grades up.Look,whatever happens,I’m sure that you will be just fine.
M:I hope so.
W:But for now,if I were you,I would have an honest conversation with my parents.Also,I want you to know that you can talk with me more about this when you need to.
(Text 10)
Throughout history,a great number of inventions were made by accident.One delicious example of this is potato chips.Have you ever stopped to wonder about the history of these tasty treats?The year is 1853,and at a restaurant in Saratoga,New York,the USA,a customer who was unsatisfied with his thick-cut French fries sent them back to the kitchen.The chef,George Crum,made a new plate of thinner fries.The customer sent them back a second time,complaining they were still too thick.The chef,annoyed by the customer’s demands,made a new plate of fries that were too thin to eat with a fork.He was certain that the customer would not like these extra thin fries.However,to the chef’s surprise,the customer was delighted!And so,potato chips were born.George called these Saratoga chips.He started packaging the chips and selling them in shops throughout New York State.He later opened his own restaurant.Eventually,potato chips became a popular snack in other parts of America.The next time you have some,you can thank a particular customer and an angry chef for this delicious invention.
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage,determination,and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington,D.C.for each of three winners,a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.Trip includes round-trip air tickets,hotel stay for two nights,and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.Your poem can be any format,any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper.You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper,write or type your name,address,telephone number,and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
21.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.
22.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A.A plane ticket.
B.A book by Corinne Szabo.
C.A special T-shirt.
D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.
23.Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A.Typing your poem out.
B.Writing a poem of 120 words.
C.Using both sides of the paper.
D.Mailing your entry on October 30.
语篇导读:本文是应用文。本文是一则参赛须知,就比赛宗旨、奖项设置和参赛规则给出了相关信息。阅读本文有助于培养学生获取具体信息的能力。
答案及剖析:
21.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“Prizes”部分的“3 Grand Prizes”中的“for each of three winners,a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice”可知,对特等奖获得者来说,他可以带自己的父母中的一个人且可自选另一个人参加这次免费的旅行。故选A。
22.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“Prizes”部分的“50 Honorable Mentions”中的内容可知,评委选出的50名荣誉奖获得者会获得一件T恤衫。故选C。
23.B　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“Rules”部分的第一条规则可知,参赛作品的词数不得超过100词,所以B项中提到的“一首120词的诗作”是违规的。故选B。
B
Everybody hates it,but everybody does it.A recent report said that 40% of Americans hate tipping.In America alone,tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry.Consumers acting politely ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service.Tips should not exist.So why do they?The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality.And also,tipping makes for closer relations.It went without saying that the better the service,the bigger the tip.
But according to a new research from Cornell University,tips no longer serve any useful function.The paper analyzes numbers they got from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants.The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak.Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.
Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend.In America,the custom came into being a long time ago.It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service.In New York restaurants,failing to tip at least 15% could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers.Hairdressers can expect to get 15%-20%,and the man who delivers your fast food $2.In Europe,tipping is less common.In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge.In many Asian countries,tipping has never really caught on at all.Only a few have really taken to tipping.
According to Michael Lynn,the Cornell papers’ author,countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more.Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers.And Mr.Lynn says,“In America,where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others,tipping is about social approval.If you tip badly,people think less of you.”
24.Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase “caught on”?
A.Become popular. B.Been hated.
C.Been stopped. D.Been permitted.
25.Among the following situations,in your opinion,who is likely to tip most?
A.A Frenchman just quarrelled with the barber who did his hair badly in New York.
B.An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well-known restaurant in New York.
C.A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in New York.
D.A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in New York.
26.We can infer from this passage that 　　　. 
A.tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves
B.tipping is especially popular in New York
C.tipping in America can make service better now
D.tipping has something to do with people’s character
27.This passage is mainly about 　　　. 
A.different kinds of tipping in different countries
B.the relationship between tipping and custom
C.the origin and present meaning of tipping
D.most American people hate tipping
语篇导读:本文写了美国人给小费这一习俗,每个人都讨厌它,但是每个人都这样做。这里说明了小费的由来和意义。阅读本文有利于培养学生的跨文化意识。
答案及剖析:
24.A　词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中猜测词汇意义的能力。根据整个第三段可知,介绍的是小费在美国、欧洲乃至亚洲的流行情况,以及画线词后一句“Only a few have really taken to tipping.”可以推测catch on为“受欢迎”之意。故选A。
25.B　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段结合所述内容,小费在亚洲国家不太流行,在欧洲国家很少见,所以可知B项最适合。
26.D　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。由最后一段首句中的“countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more”可知,付小费与人们的性格有一定关系。故选D。
27.C　主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。本文主要讲给小费的由来及现实意义。故选C。
C
On a farm in England, Gavin and Alice Munro are taking sustainability (持续性) to the next level: they harvest trees which they grow into chairs.
The couple have a furniture (家具) farm in Derbyshire where they are growing 250 chairs and 50 tables.It is their answer to what they see as the inefficient (效率低的) process of cutting down mature trees to create furniture.
“Instead of growing a tree for 50 years and then cutting it down and making it into smaller and smaller bits ...the idea is to grow the tree into the shape that you want directly.It’s like a kind of 3D printing,” said Gavin.
Part of the inspiration for the idea came when Gavin was a young boy.He found an overgrown bonsai tree (盆景树) which looked like a chair.
The 44-year-old man began experiment in 2006.In 2012, Gavin and Alice set up the company Full Grown.Within several years, the couple developed the most effective way to shape a tree without limiting its growth.They guide shoots (新枝) heading in the right direction, rather than forcing them the wrong way against their natural growth.
The average chair takes six to nine years to grow and another year to dry out.The labor and time involved in producing the organic pieces mean they do not come cheap.Chairs sell for ￡10,000 each and tables for￡2,500 to ￡12,500.
28.What is special about the farm?
A.3D printing is used.
B.Bonsai trees grow there.
C.It was set up by a couple.
D.Trees can grow into furniture.
29.How do the couple shape a tree?
A.By limiting its growth.
B.By following its natural growth.
C.By forcing it against its natural growth.
D.By guiding its shoots in the right direction.
30.How long does it take to make an average chair for the company?
A.Over 50 years. B.6 to 9 years.
C.6 years at most. D.7 to 10 years.
31.What does the writer’s opinion on the farm?
A.It has brought in huge amounts of money.
B.Trees grow there inefficiently.
C.It’s a good try of sustainability.
D.It will gain popularity soon.
语篇导读:本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了在英国的一个农场里,一对夫妇在尝试种植可以长成家具的树木,这是对自然资源可持续发展的一次有益尝试。阅读本文有利于培养学生节约能源和可持续发展的意识。
答案及剖析:
28.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段“On a farm in England, Gavin and Alice Munro are taking sustainability to the next level: they harvest trees which they grow into chairs.”可知,这个农场的特别之处在于树木可以长成家具。故选D。
29.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段中的“Within several years, the couple developed the most effective way to shape a tree without limiting its growth.They guide shoots heading in the right direction, rather than forcing them the wrong way against their natural growth.”可知,这对夫妇是通过引导新枝朝着正确的方向生长的方式来塑造一棵树的形状的。故选D。
30.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“The average chair takes six to nine years to grow and another year to dry out.”可知,为公司制作一把普通椅子需要7～10年的时间。故选D。
31.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第一段内容“On a farm in England, Gavin and Alice Munro are taking sustainability to the next level: they harvest trees which they grow into chairs.”可知,作者认为Gavin和Alice Munro的做法把可持续性提升到一个新的层次,由此可推断出,作者认为这个农场是可持续发展的一次很好的尝试。故选C。
D
In the past 50 years,the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold in coastal water bodies,including river mouths and seas,low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms.
“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the Oceans,” said Denise Breitburg,a marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center.“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth ’s environment.Actually,it’s a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism,including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else.The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.”
In areas traditionally called “dead zones”,like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico,oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die.As fish avoid these zones,their habitats become smaller and they’ re easier to be attacked or caught.But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”.Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals,hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death.It also can cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide,a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.While some animals can boom in “dead zones”,overall biodiversity falls.
Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean.Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean.Furthermore,as the ocean as a whole gets warmer,it holds less oxygen.In coastal waters,too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms,which use up oxygen as they die and break down.
People’s livelihoods are also on the line,the scientists reported,especially in developing nations.Smaller fisheries(渔场)may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere.So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.
32.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen.
B.The amount of sea water is increasing.
C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous.
D.The Earth becomes warmer and warmer.
33.What can we infer from Denise Breitburg’s words?
A.Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.
B.The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.
C.The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.
D.The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environment problem.
34.How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals?
A.It offers more food.
B.It forms dangerous gas.
C.It reduces their living areas.
D.It produces more carbon dioxide.
35.How can we win the war according to the text?
A.By closing smaller fisheries.
B.By controlling human’s bad activities.
C.By improving people’s living standards.
D.By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。由于人类活动的影响导致全球变暖,气候变化影响到了海洋生物的生存,又反作用于人类的生计,人类必须采取措施应对此问题。阅读本文有利于培养学生保护海洋以及维持生态平衡的意识。
答案及剖析:
32.A　主旨要义题。考查学生理解段落主旨要义的能力。通过第一段,我们知道了海洋面临的现状:在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了4倍多。低氧场所的数量自1950年以来增加了10多倍。通过这些现状科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气也会继续下降。由此可知,海洋正在失去氧气。故选A。
33.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段可知,海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的严重影响还会扩大。由此可见,海洋氧气的减少有很大影响。故选B。
34.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“In areas traditionally called ‘dead zones’ ...oxygen plummets to so low levels that many animals die.As fish avoid these zones,their habitats become smaller and they’re easier to be attacked or caught.”可知,在“死亡地带”,氧气大幅下跌,许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C。
35.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段中的“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks...and everything else.”可知,是人类活动导致了海洋氧气减少,因此要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Several Things Beijingers Do During Wintertime
In winter, Beijing offers the city’s fun-seekers many appealing options, from royal gardens to winter resorts.Your sweet tooth and palate for fine art can also be satisfied by the abundant choices in food and art exhibitions.Here are some recommendations for you.
36.　　 
The Summer Palace was designed as a summer resort for the Empress Dowager Cixi in the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911).Recently it has attracted thousands of tourists hoping to catch sight of the setting sun shining through the Seventeen-Arch Bridge over the frozen Kunming Lake.
Mutton hot pot with family and friends.
37.　　　 Eating mutton, according to Chinese traditional medicine, is able to drive out the coldness inside the body and nourish your vitality. 
A Weekend at Ice Skating & Ski Resorts.
Surrounded by historical mansions and natural beauty, Shichahai is a must-go scenic area in Beijing.In winter, the frozen lake becomes a giant ice rink (溜冰场), offering skating, sleigh riding and ice bicycles for beginners who don’t want to miss out on the fun.38.　　　 You can ski, participate in snow activities, or just sit in a cozy bar and appreciate the snow-covered landscape. 
Hot Spring Resort Getaway.
It is said that a hot spring bath is good for the body and the soul.39.　　　 Gathered in the northern part of Beijing, especially Xiaotangshan Town in the Changping District, these resorts offer a great experience for a weekend getaway. 
Culture Tours at Museums.
Going to a museum certainly is much nicer and warmer than staying outdoors.Luckily, cultural agencies like the National Museum and the National Art Museum recently displayed several important exhibitions.40.　　 
A.Sightseeing at Summer Palace.
B.Add ski resorts to your list of fun.
C.As winter chill takes hold in Beijing, hot pot becomes more popular.
D.As the temperature goes down, swimming turns out to be a good choice.
E.No matter whether you are an experienced skier or not, you can make a perfect holiday there.
F.For more information, please go to the National Museum and National Art Museum websites.
G.For those who search for relaxation from stresses and strains, the city’s hot spring resorts are life-savers.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了冬季北京人常做的几件事。冬季的北京为人们提供了许多乐趣,去颐和园观光,到博物馆看展览,冬季周末在结冰的湖面溜冰,在汤山小镇泡个温泉,再和朋友、家人一起涮个火锅,既有美食享受,又有丰富的精神食粮。阅读本文有利于培养学生学会生活、热爱生活的意识。
答案及剖析:
36.A　考查学生理解段落大意和识别段落主旨句的能力。分析文章结构可知本题是小标题。根据下段“The Summer Palace was designed as a summer...”可知,是对颐和园的介绍,分析选项可知A项(在颐和园观光)有词的复现,也是下文的小标题的展开。故选A。
37.C　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据小标题“Mutton Hot Pot with Family and Friends.”可知,下文是介绍北京冬季流行的火锅。分析选项可知,C项(冬季北京火锅变得越来越流行)既有词的复现,且也是对小标题的展开。故选C。
38.E　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。本题所在段的小标题是“A Weekend at Ice Skating & Ski Resorts”。分析选项可知,E项与滑雪滑冰有关(无论你是否是一个有经验的滑雪运动员,你都可以在那里度过一个完美的假期)符合题意。故选E。
39.G　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。本段的小标题为“Hot Spring Resort Getaway.”。分析选项可知,G项(对于那些从压力和应变中寻求放松的人来说,这个城市的温泉胜地是救生员)说的是与温泉度假有关。故选G。
40.F　考查学生理解上下文语义,建立段落内语义连贯的能力。第五个小标题是“Culture Tours at Museums”。分析选项可知,F项与小标题有词的复现(欲了解更多信息,请到国家博物馆和国家艺术博物馆网站)符合题意。故选F。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面的短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
An old man lived in a nice house with a large garden.He took care of his 　41　 all the time, watering and fertilizing them. 
One day a young man went by the 　42　.He looked at the beautiful flowers, imagining how happy he could be 　43　 he lived in such a beautiful place.Then, suddenly he found the old gardener was 　44　.He was very surprised about this and asked, “You can’t see these flowers.　45　 are you busy taking care of them every day?” 
The old man smiled and said, “I can tell you four 　46　.First, I was a gardener when I was young, and I really like this job.Second,　47　 I can’t see these flowers, I can touch them.　48　, I can smell the sweetness of them.As to the last one, that’s 　49　.” 
“Me? But you don’t know me,” said the young man.
“Yeah, it’s 　50　 that I don’t know you.But I know that flowers are angels that everybody 　51　.We enjoy the happiness these flowers have brought us.” 
The blind man’s work opened our eyes and 　52　 our hearts, which also made his life 　53　.It was just like Beethoven, who became deaf in his later life and wrote many great musical works.Beethoven himself couldn’t 　54　 his wonderful music, but his music has 　55　 millions of people to face their difficulties bravely.Isn’t it one kind of happiness? 
41.A.flowers B.trees
C.vegetables D.grass
42.A.balcony B.kitchen
C.garden D.study
43.A.after B.as
C.before D.if
44.A.blind B.famous
C.smart D.friendly
45.A.What B.Who
C.Why D.Which
46.A.stories B.reasons
C.excuses D.conclusions
47.A.although B.since
C.because D.unless
48.A.First B.Second
C.Third D.Fourth
49.A.me B.you
C.my mother D.my son
50.A.true B.hard
C.cool D.fair
51.A.greets B.doubts
C.meets D.knows
52.A.broke B.hurt
C.pleased D.treated
53.A.emptier B.busier
C.luckier D.sadder
54.A.write B.hear
C.play D.believe
55.A.changed B.affected
C.discovered D.encouraged
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一位老花匠,自己不能看见美丽的花朵,但是精心料理着一个花园的故事。阅读本文有利于培养学生即使处于逆境也要热爱生活的意识。
文章脉络

答案及剖析:
41.A　根据下文“He looked at the beautiful flowers”以及“You can’t see these flowers.　45　 are you busy taking care of them every day?”可知,老人一直在照料花园里的“花(flowers)”。故选A。 
42.C　结合上文“An old man lived in a nice house with a large garden.”可知,此处表示经过老人的“花园(garden)”。故选C。
43.D　句意:他看着这些美丽的花,想象着“如果(if)”他住在这样一个美丽的地方,他会多么快乐。结合句意可知,设空处引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。故选D。
44.A　根据下文“You can’t see these flowers.”可知,老人看不见花,是一位“盲人(blind)”。故选A。
45.C　结合语境并分析句子可知,设空处应填疑问副词作状语,询问原因。故选C。
46.B　与上一空的“Why”相对应,此处表示四个“原因(reasons)”。故选B。
47.A　句意:第二,“虽然(although)”我看不见这些花,但我可以触摸它们。结合句意可知,前后两个分句构成让步关系。故选A。
48.C　结合上文“First”和“Second”可知,此处列举的是第三个原因。故选C。
49.B　结合下文男士的话“Me?”可知,此处代词指代年轻人。故选B。
50.A　上文年轻人提到老人不认识年轻人,根据“Yeah”可知,此处表示老人不认识年轻人是事实,是“真的(true)”。故选A。
51.C　下文提到我们享受花带给我们的快乐,由此可知,此处表示我们都会“遇见(meets)”花。故选C。
52.C　53.B　句意:盲人的工作开阔了我们的视野,“愉悦了(pleased)”我们的心灵,这也使他的生活更加“忙碌(busier)”。
54.B　55.D　句意:贝多芬自己“听(hear)”不到他美妙的音乐,但他的音乐“鼓舞了(encouraged)”成千上万的人勇敢地面对困难。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Calligraphy (书法), 56.　　　　 (consider) as one of the unique traditional Chinese arts, has a long history of about 1,000 years.It is not only a tool of cultural communication 57.　　　　 an artistic treasure with shining and extraordinary beauty.As the representative of Chinese art, it 58.　　　　 (know) as the most ancient artistic form in the eastern countries.Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring 59.　　　　 (country). 
To practise calligraphy 60.　　　　 (require) the basic tools of four treasures of study as well as much concentration on guiding the soft writing brush charged with fluid ink, and writing on the paper 61.　　　　 the ink will spread quickly.Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed,62.　　　　 (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.When writing, many calligraphers will forget all worries and even 63.　　　　 (they), combining all thoughts in the beauty of their art.Thus it also can shape and improve a person’s temper and promote well being. 
Calligraphy,64.　　　　 a mirror, is a silent reflection of the soul.Today, although various modern ways have been substituted for the original calligraphy,65.　　　　 (especial) which is created with a writing brush, people still love the ancient form and practise it untiringly. 
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明,介绍了中国的独特的传统的艺术之一——书法。阅读本文有利于培养学生热爱文化、传承文化的意识。
答案及剖析:
56.considered　考查非谓语动词。此处Calligraphy 和consider之间是一种被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语,故填considered。
57.but　考查连词。固定搭配:not only...but also...“不但……而且……”。故填but。
58.is known　考查时态和语态。固定短语:be known as“作为……而著称”。这里在叙述一个客观事实,且主语是第三人称单数it,故填is known。
59.countries　考查名词复数。根据many后面跟名词复数可知,这里用country的复数形式,故填countries。
60.requires　考查时态和主谓一致。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,且这里讲述一个客观事实,所以句子用一般现在时态,故填requires。
61.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处paper作先行词,在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
62.strength　考查名词。分析句子结构可知,and前后是并列的相同成分,在此处作主语,故用提示词的名词形式,故填strength。
63.themselves　考查代词。此处用反身代词作宾语,甚至忘了“自己”,故填themselves。
64.like　考查介词。句意:书法就像一面镜子,是心灵的无声反映。介词like “像……一样”,故填like。
65.especially　考查副词。此处用副词修饰后面的整个句子,故填especially。
第四部分　写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华,你的英国朋友Jonah对中国美食很感兴趣,并来信询问你家乡的特色美食。请根据以下要点,用英语给他回一封邮件,内容包括:
1.推荐一种美食;
2.简要介绍其特色;
3.邀请他来中国品尝。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。
Dear Jonah,







Yours,
Li Hua


　　One possible version:
Dear Jonah,
Hearing you are interested in Chinese food, I’d like to recommend a well-known dish—Gong Bao Chicken to you.
As one of the most popular dishes in my hometown, Gong Bao Chicken is made of chicken breast, roasted peanuts, small pieces of tofu, dried chilies and onions.Cooked with sugar, salt and vinegar, it has a combination of sweet and sour taste, which is loved by both the young and the old.
I would like to extend my sincere welcome to you to try this delicious dish and other famous local cuisines.Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood.Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food.As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks (盯着他们).
One day, Ali took Zahra’s shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home.It wasn’t until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes.He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret.Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali’s running shoes.Zahra’s school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first.After school, she would rush back and give them to Ali.He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon.Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school.
Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city.When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part.He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes.
The day of race arrived.Ali had a strong start,but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache.Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her.Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third.Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. 








Paragraph 2:
Filled with pleasure, Ali walked home quickly. 









1.阅读文章,掌握主旨方向。

2.明确写作思路,确定续写内容。

3.汇集故事线索,列出写作要点。

4.优化语言,完善续写逻辑。
One possible version:
Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead.Refusing to give up at this point, he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could.He dashed across the finishing line and won the fourth prize.Thinking he would let her sister down,Ali couldn’t help sobbing.Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule.Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony, Ali felt overjoyed and relieved as he eventually won the shoes for his sister.
Filled with pleasure, Ali walked home quickly.He could not wait to see his sister and share the good news.“Zahra, see what I have got for you.” Ali said excitedly, taking the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands.So thrilled was she that she threw herself at Ali.“Thank you! Ali.” Tears of joy welled up in their eyes as the brother and the sister hugged tightly together.