2020-2021学年Unit 1 People of Achievement导学案

这是一份2020-2021学年Unit 1 People of Achievement导学案，共21页。
Stephen Hawking was brn n the 300th anniversary f Galile's death.He has cme t be thught f as the greatest mind in physics since Albert Einstein.
Hawking grew up utside Lndn.His father was a dctr；his mther was active in plitics.He was nt a smart schlby，but knew frm early n that he wuld study science.He became gd at mathematics and in 1958 he and sme friends built a simple cmputer that actually wrked.In 1959 he wn a schlarship t Oxfrd University.In 1962 he gt his degree with hnrs and went t Cambridge University t get a PhD in csmlgy.There he became interested in black hles.After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge，becming knwn even in his middle 20s fr his pineering ideas.
In 1968 he studied in the Institute f Astrnmy in Cambridge.He published the very technical bk，The Large Scale Structure f Space­Time and afterwards made a great discvery.It had always been thught that nthing culd escape a black hle.He cntinued wrking n the thery f the rigin f the universe.
At the age f 32, he was named a fellw f the Ryal Sciety; at the same year he received the Albert Einstein Award.Five years later, in 1979, he was appinted Tp Prfessr f Mathematics at Cambridge, which was held by Sir Isaac Newtn 300 years earlier.
In 1988 Hawking wrte A Brief Histry f Time, which became a best­seller.He wrte ther ppular articles and appeared in mvies and televisin.He remains extremely busy, and his wrk hardly slwed by the disease that affects muscle cntrl, fr which he uses a wheelchair and speaks thrugh a speech cmputer.He said，“My gal is simple.It is cmplete understanding f the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”
开启快乐学习之旅
斯蒂芬·霍金生于伽利略去世的300周年纪念日。他是自阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以来物理学界最伟大的人物。
霍金是在伦敦郊区长大的。他的父亲曾是一位医生，而母亲是政治活动者。霍金在学校时并不很聪明，但他很早就立志要学习自然科学。他渐渐在数学方面展露特长，1958年他和一些朋友一起组装了一台简单的能够进行实际运算的计算机。1959年，他获得了牛津大学的奖学金。1962年，他以优异成绩获得了学位，并前往剑桥大学攻读宇宙学博士。在那里，他开始对黑洞感兴趣。在获得博士学位后，他继续留在剑桥，在他二十几岁的时候就由于他的开拓性的想法而闻名。
1968年，他在剑桥大学的天文研究所做研究。他出版了一本非常专业的书《时空的大尺度结构》，之后又做出了一项重大发现。科学家们过去一直认为没有任何物质能逃离黑洞的捕捉。他继续研究宇宙起源的理论。
32岁的时候，他进入了皇家科学院；同年，他又获得了阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦奖。五年后，也就是1979年，他被任命为剑桥大学数学系的首席教授，这个职位是萨克·牛顿爵士在300年前所担任过的。
1988年，霍金写了《时间简史》一书，这本书成了一本畅销书。他又写了其他一些受欢迎的文章，并在电影和电视上露面。他一直都相当忙碌，他的工作很少因为疾病而受到耽误，这是一种会影响到肌肉控制的疾病，也因为如此，他需要坐在轮椅上，并且通过一台语音电脑讲话。他说：“我的目标很简单。就是完全了解宇宙，为什么它是现在这样和为什么它存在。”
模块核心素养导航
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．physilgy n．生理学；生理机能
2．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
3．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
4．cmmit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→cmmitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→cmmitment n．投入，奉献；承诺，许诺，保证
5．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的
6．bjective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的→subjective adj.主观的
7．btanical adj.植物学的
8．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluatin n．评价；评估
9．prperty n．性质；特征；财产
10．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctin n．区别，差别；特点，特性
11．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
12．bil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点→biling adj.达到沸点的；沸腾的
13．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的→slid n．固体 adj.牢固的，可靠的
14．btain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
15．acknwledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknwledgement n．承认，确认；鸣谢
16．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
17．analyse vt.分析→analysis n．分析→analyses n．[pl.]分析
18．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然→apparent adj.显然的；表面上的
19．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
20．insist vi.&.vt坚持；坚决要求
21．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientist n．科学家 →science n．科学
22．mstly adv.主要地；一般地
23．cnclusin n．结论；推论→cnclude vt.推断出，断定；终止，结束
24．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
25．circumstance n．[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况
26．nvelist n．小说家→nvel n．(长篇)小说
27．flw n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
28．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．cmmit neself t d承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．insist n坚决要求
3．wear and tear(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
4．pay attentin t 注意
5．lead t导致
6．die frm死于……病
7．graduate frm毕业于
8．with the bjective f以……为目的
9．acknwledge defeat承认失败
10．get stuck卡住，陷入
11．by chance偶然
12．draw ut抽出；拖延，拉长
13．ther than 除……之外
14．relate t 与……有联系
15．be distinct frm与……不同
16．change ne's mind 改变主意
17．care abut关心，在意
18．beynd ne's cntrl某人无法控制
19．under cnstructin正在建设中
20．flw chart流程图
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Artemisinin has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria, and is_thught_t_save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alne.
青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。
2．In 1967, the Chinese gvernment frmed a team f scientists with_the_bjective_f discvering a new treatment fr malaria, and Tu Yuyu was amng the first researchers chsen.
1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
3．Upn_hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize，she said...
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
4．It_struck_him_that the ther Chinese men in the pht apparently did nt care abut what_was_happening t their fellw cuntrymen.
令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。
5．Frm this, he cncluded that the crucial prblem in China was nt physical illness, but the spiritual illness f peple at that time.
由此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。
6．One medical text frm the furth century suggested_using the extract frm sweet wrmwd t_treat a fever.
一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。
7．They then tried_biling fresh wrmwd, and using the liquid btained frm this t treat malaria, but this did_nt_wrk either.
然后，他们尝试煮沸青蒿，使用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但是也没管用。
1 eq \a\vs4\al(crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的)
[典型例句]
He wasn't there at the crucial mment(when he was needed mst)．
紧要关头他却不在那里。
Parents play a crucial rle in preparing their child fr schl.
父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。
[思维拓展]
crucial factr/ issue/decisin关键性的因素/问题/决定
be crucial t/fr sth.对……至关重要
be crucial that... ……是极其重要的
[即时训练]
Winning this cntract is crucial t the success f the cmpany.
2 eq \a\vs4\al(vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的)
[典型例句]
If the injuries are secnd r third degree burns, it is vital t get the victim t the dctr r hspital at nce.
如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。
This matter is f vital imprtance t us.
这件事对我们来说至关重要。
[思维拓展]
be vital t/fr sth. 对……极为重要的
It is vital t d sth. 做……很重要
It is vital that... ……是十分重要的
It's vital that we (shuld) carry ut the peratin immediately.
我们应立即开始手术，因为这是生死攸关的。
[误区警示]
It is vital＋that...句型中从句要用shuld＋d虚拟结构，shuld可省略。
[即时训练]
It is vital t_keep(keep) an accurate recrd f every transactin.
eq \(\s\up1(3),\s\d5( )) cmmit vt.承诺；保证某个人、机构等 vi.忠于；全心全意投入工作、活动等eq \a\vs4\al()
[典型例句]
Brrwers shuld think carefully befre cmmitting themselves t taking ut a lan.
借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。
[思维拓展]
cmmit v．犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证
cmmit sb./sth.t sth.将某人/事交给某处保留
cmmit sb./neself t sth./ding sth./t d sth.承诺(做)某事
cmmitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉
cmmitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
cmmittee n．委员会
[即时训练]
①Giving up my jb t g back t full－time educatin was a big cmmitment (cmmit)，but nw I knw it was the best decisin I had ever made.
②Mst crimes are_cmmitted(cmmit) by yung men.
4 eq \a\vs4\al(evaluate vt.评价；评估)
[典型例句]
I cannt evaluate his ability withut seeing his wrk.
没见过他的工作，我无法评估他的能力。
Learn t evaluate all situatins yu find.
学着去评估你发现的所有情况。
[即时训练]
①Our research attempts t evaluate(evaluatin) the effectiveness f the different drugs.
②One's cntributins and mistakes will be_evaluated(evaluate) by later generatins.
5 eq \a\vs4\al(distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的)
[典型例句]
His vice was quiet but every wrd was distinct.
他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。
[思维拓展]
distinctin n．差别；区分；卓著
We shuld learn t make a distinctin between right and wrng.
我们应该学会分清是非。
She had the distinctin f being the first wman t fly the Atlantic.
她不同凡响，是第一个飞越大西洋的女子。
[即时训练]
The new law makes n distinctin(distinct) between adults and children.
6 eq \a\vs4\al(bil vt.& vi.使沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点)
[典型例句]
(1)vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开
The water is beginning t bil.
水开始沸腾。
Bil the egg fr three minutes.
把鸡蛋煮三分钟。
(2)n.沸腾；沸点
Bring the sup t the bil, then allw it t simmer fr five minutes.
把汤煮开，然后文火煮五分钟。
[思维拓展]
biling water 沸水(即处于100℃的开水)
biled water 白开水(烧开过的水)
[即时训练]
Biling(bil) water cracked a cup acrss the bttm.
eq \(\s\up1(7),\s\d5( ))eq \a\vs4\al(btain vt.尤指经努力获得；赢得 vi.规章、习俗等存在；流行)
[典型例句]
I finally managed t btain a cpy f the reprt.
我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。
These cnditins n lnger btain.
这些条件不再适用。
[思维拓展]
btain advice/infrmatin/prmise得到忠告/信息/应许
btainable adj.可获得的；可得到的
[即时训练]
The perfect bdy has always been difficult t_btain(btain)．
eq \(\s\up1(8),\s\d5())eq \a\vs4\al(acknwledge vt.承认属实、权威等；公开感谢)
[典型例句]
D yu acknwledge that yu've been wrng?
你承不承认你错了？
We wish t acknwledge the supprt f the university.
我们希望对这所大学所提供的支持表示感谢。
[思维拓展]
acknwledge ding sth.承认做了某事
It is universally acknwledged that...……是大家公认的
acknwledge neself beaten承认失败
acknwledge sb.向某人打招呼，问候
acknwledge sb.'s letter向某人表示信已收到
acknwledge sb./sth.t be...承认某人/某物是……；认为……是
acknwledge that承认……
acknwledge ＝accept sb.as认为/接受某人是/成为……
acknwledge sb.with sth.以……感谢某人
acknwledgement n．承认；感谢
[即时训练]
Prfessr Edward is widely acknwledged(acknwledge) as the best tutr in teaching the students hw t revise essays.
9 eq \a\vs4\al(defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜)
[典型例句]
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
(1)vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
Li Na defeated her ppnent and wn the first in the final f the French Open in 2011.
在2011年法国网球公开赛决赛中，李娜击败对手获得了冠军。
The prpsal was defeated by 16 vtes t 6.
因16票反对，6票赞成，该提议未能通过。
(2)n.[C，U]失败
The Brazil natinal ftball team suffered a defeat in the Wrld Cup.
巴西国家足球队在世界杯上被击败了。
[易混辨析]
defeat, beat, win
[即时训练]
The navy played a limited but significant rle in defeating(defeat) the rebellin.
10 eq \a\vs4\al(analyse vt.分析)
[典型例句]
We shuld analyse what they said and nt just agree with everything.
我们应该对他们的意见加以分析，不要随声附和。
[思维拓展]
analysis n．分析，它的复数形式是analyses。
analysable adj.可分析的；可分解的
His analysis was always cnvincing.
他的分析总是令人信服的。
I want a detailed reprt f all the analyses.
我想要一份所有分析的详细报告。
Many cmpunds are analysable.
许多化合物是可分解的。
[即时训练]
They cllect bld samples fr analysis(analyse) at a natinal labratry.
11 eq \a\vs4\al(apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然)
[典型例句]
Apparently, they are getting married sn.
很显然，他们要结婚了。
I thught he had fund a new jb, but apparently he hasn't.
我原以为他找到了新工作，但显然还没有。
[思维拓展]
apparent adj.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的；表面上的
It was apparent frm her face that she was really excited.
从她脸上一眼就可以看出她的确很兴奋。
It sn became apparent t all that he culdn't slve the prblem.
很快大家就明白了他无法解决这个问题。
[即时训练]
Apparently(apparent) they are getting divrced sn.
12 eq \a\vs4\al(insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求)
[典型例句]
They always insist n high quality.
他们一贯坚持高质量。
Her parents insisted n speaking t the headmaster.
她父母坚持要和校长谈话。
She insisted n him wearing a suit.
她坚持要他穿西装。
He insisted that he had seen a ghst.
他坚持说自己见到鬼了。
[思维拓展]
insist n sth.坚决要求某事；坚持说某事
insist n/upn ding sth.坚持要做某事
insist n/upn ne's ding sth.坚持要求某人做某事
[特别提示]
insist的词义不同，其后的宾语从句形式也不同：
Insisting that Tm had stlen his car, Smith insisted that Tm (shuld) be put in prisn.
由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的车，史密斯坚持要求把汤姆送进监狱。
[即时训练]
①If yu insist n/upn leaving nw, please g ahead.
②He insists that she cme(cme)．
13 eq \a\vs4\al(cnclusin n.结论；推论)
[典型例句]
We can safely draw sme cnclusins frm ur discussin.
从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。
[思维拓展]
make a cnclusin下结论
cme t/draw/arrive at/reach a/the cnclusin得出结论
in cnclusin(＝t cnclude)最后，总之(常作插入语)
jump/leap t cnclusins/the cnclusin that...匆忙下结论，贸然断定
cnclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
cnclude (sth.)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(with sth.,by ding sth.))以……结束(……)
cncludeeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(sth.frm sth.,frm sth.that...))(从……)推断出/断定……
cnclude...(t be)．..断定……(是)……
Let us cnclude ur meeting with a sng.
请让我们用一首歌来结束我们的会议。
What d yu cnclude frm the facts?
从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？
[即时训练]
I've cme t the cnclusin(cnclude) that he's nt the right persn fr the jb.
14 eq \a\vs4\al(flee vi.& vt.fled，fled迅速离开；逃跑)
[典型例句]
He spent six mnths in prisn befre fleeing the cuntry.
他在逃离那个国家之前坐了六个月的牢。
Many German artists fled t America at the beginning f Wrld War Ⅱ.
二战开始时，很多德国艺术家逃到了美国。
[易混辨析]
flee与escape
flee只说明动作，不强调结果；escape逃离，结果是成功的。
The enemy fled in disrder but nly a few f them narrwly escaped death.
敌人纷纷逃跑，但只有少数侥幸逃生。
[即时训练]
①All the teachers and students managed t_flee(flee) the burning teaching building.
②He applied fr asylum(政治庇护) in 1987 after fleeing(flee) the plice back hme.
15 eq \a\vs4\al(circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况)
[典型例句]
In/Under the circumstances he felt unable t accept the jb.
在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。
I knw I can trust the wman in any circumstances.
我知道我在任何情况下都能信任那个女人。
[思维拓展]
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
in/under n circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)
[即时训练]
①—Can I use the telephne n the table，sir?
—Under n circumstances is (be) anyne allwed t use the telephne in the ffice fr persnal affairs.
②The cmpany reserves the right t cancel this agreement in certain circumstances(circumstance)．
考点集训一
1．They insisted upn being_given(give) every detail f the case.
2．The cnclusin(cnclude) f the bk was disappinting.
3．The President is cmmitted t refrming(refrm) health care.
4．It was vital t_shw(shw) that he was nt afraid.
5．Here's sme biled(bil) water.Have a drink whenever yu're thirsty.
1 eq \a\vs4\al(pay attentin t注意)
t是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，而且 attentin 可被形容词 clse, much, little 等修饰。pay attentin t 中的 attentin 常前置用作“被动句的主语”或者用作“定语从句的先行词”等。如：
[典型例句]
Pay clse attentin t what yu are ding.
密切注意你现在所做的。
[思维拓展]
give/pay attentin t(ding)．..注意……
catch/attract ne's attentin 引起某人的注意
bring sth.t ne's attentin 使某人注意某事(物)
draw/call ne's attentin t sth.使某人注意某事(物)
fix ne's attentin n sth.把某人的注意力集中在某事(物)上
[即时训练]
Yu must pay attentin t prtecting(prtect)the envirnment.
2 eq \a\vs4\al(lead t导致；造成后果)
[典型例句]
Eating t much sugar can lead t health prblems.
食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
[思维拓展]
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(lead sb.int sth.,lead sb.sth.,lead t sb.ding sth.))导致/造成某人做某事
[即时训练]
This strm led t a heavy lss.
3 eq \a\vs4\al(with the bjective f以……为目的)
[典型例句]
We all live with the bjective f being happy.
我们活着是为了幸福。
[思维拓展]
the main/primary/principle bjective主要/首要/重要目标
meet/achieve yur bjective实现你的目标
set bjectives设立目标
with the hpe f怀有……的希望
with the purpse f怀有……的目的
with the aim f怀有……的目的
with the intentin f有……的意向
[即时训练]
Many peple went t Califrnia with the bjective f getting rich.
4 eq \a\vs4\al(get stuck卡住；陷入；被难住)
[典型例句]
This drawer keeps getting stuck.
这个抽屉动不动就卡住。
[思维拓展]
get lst 迷路 get punished 受惩罚
get divrced 离婚 get washed 洗脸
get separated 被分开 get paid 得到报酬
get dressed 穿衣服 get married 结婚
get engaged 订婚 get drunk 喝醉
[即时训练]
Her car gt stuck(stick) in the mud and culdn't mve.
5 eq \a\vs4\al(by chance 碰巧；凑巧)
[典型例句]
I met an ld friend at the airprt by chance yesterday.
昨天我在机场偶然遇见了一位老朋友。
[思维拓展]
take a chance 冒险
take ne's chances 碰运气
We tk a chance n the weather t have the party utside.
我们冒着天气变化的危险到户外聚会。
He tk his chances t find a jb in a big city.
他到一座大城市去碰运气找工作。
[即时训练]
An artist wh was recently traveling n a ferry t the suthern island discvered by chance a lng lst antique Greek vase.
6 eq \a\vs4\al(ther than除……以外通常用于否定陈述后)
[典型例句]
He has visited every cuntry in Asia ther than Japan.
除了日本之外，他访问了所有的亚洲国家。
There's nbdy here ther than me.
除了我这里没别人。
I have nt studied freign languages ther than English.
除了英语外，我没学过其他外语。
[思维拓展]
rather than意为“而不是，而没有”，侧重客观上的差别，还可以表示“与其……，倒不如……”，前后两端所连的词性是一致的，侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。句中rather than前后一般应为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式、介词短语，甚至分句等，有时可用介词短语instead f替代。
He was engaged in writing a letter rather than(＝instead f) reading the newspaper.
他那时是在写信而不是看报纸。
Jhn ught t g rather than(＝instead f) Jean.
应该去的是约翰，而不是珍。
These shes are cmfrtable rather than pretty.
这些鞋子谈不上漂亮，但穿起来倒很舒服。
Evans is a histrian rather than a writer.
与其说埃文斯是个作家，不如说他是个史学家。
[即时训练]
①He hasn't anything left ther than the bk.
②The persn wh shuld be praised is yu rather than me.
7 eq \a\vs4\al(change ne's mind 改变主意)
[典型例句]
I've changed my mind.I dn't want t g ut.
我改变主意了，我不想出去了。
See if yu can change his mind abut ging with us.
看看你能否让他改变主意，不要和我们一起去。
[思维拓展]
make up ne's mind下决心
lse ne's mind发疯
keep sth.in mind记住某事
t my mind在我看来
bring/call sth.t mind回想起某事
never mind没关系
[即时训练]
We are planning t climb the muntain, but he changed his mind and went t anther place.
8 eq \a\vs4\al(care abut 关心；忧虑；惦念；在意)
[典型例句]
The yung shuld care abut the ld.
年轻人应该关心老人。
I dn't care abut whether he leaves r nt.
我不在乎他离不离开。
[思维拓展]
care fr＝take care f 照顾
care t d sth.愿意做某事；想要做某事
take care 注意；当心
with care 当心；仔细地
[即时训练]
Dn't yu care abut ur cuntry's future?
考点集训二
1．She insisted n cming with us.
2．I have t pay attentin t ding(d)my hmewrk.
3．Is this the rad leading(lead) t yur village?
4．Yu can't get there ther than by bat.
5．We gt stuck(stick) in a terrible traffic jam in Taipei.
6．Thse tw ideas are quite distinct frm each ther.
7．Fr starters, cmmit yurself t making five phne calls a day.
eq \(\s\up1(1),\s\d5( ))Artemisinin has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria, and is_thught_t_save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alne.
青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。
[句式分析]
be thught t d sth.被认为……，该句型可以转化为It is/was thught that...。本句可以转化为：Artemisinin has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria, and it is thught that Artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alne.。
At schl he was thught t have an attitude prblem.(＝It was thught that he had an attitude prblem at schl.)
上学时他被认为态度有问题。
Land animals are thught t have develped frm sea animals.(＝It was thught that land animals have develped frm sea animals.)
陆地动物被认为是从海洋动物进化而来的。
[即时训练]
He's thught t_be(be)ne f the richest men in Eurpe.
eq \(\s\up1(2),\s\d5( )) In 1967， the Chinese gvernment frmed a team f scientists with the bjective f discvering a new treatment fr malaria， and Tu Yuyu was amng the first researchers chsen.
1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。eq \a\vs4\al()
[句式分析]
(1)这是一个由and连接而成的并列复合句。介词短语with the bjective...作第一个分句的状语，表示目的。短语中的bjective也可用aim、purpse、gal等替换。
(2)第二个分句中chsen是过去分词用作定语，修饰the first researchers。
[思维拓展]
过去分词(短语)作定语的用法：
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(①可表示被动和动作已完成,②单个过去分词作定语时多前置，过去分词短语作定语, 时多后置,③过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句))
A balanced diet prvides nutritin fr yur bdy.
均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。
Have yu read the nvels written by Dickens(＝which were written by Dickens)?
你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？
[即时训练]
①Yu cannt accept an pinin ffered(ffer) t yu unless it is based n facts.
②The garden surrunded (surrund) by a lng fence belngs t my aunt.
eq \(\s\up1(3),\s\d5( ))Upn_hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize, she said...
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
[句式分析]
在本句中，“介词upn＋动词­ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。upn还可换为介词n，表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”。
Upn graduating, he jined a small law firm.
一毕业他就加入了一个小型律师事务所。
Upn finishing it, I was struck by the feeling that it was the best cmpsitin I had ever written.
我写完这篇作文时，就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。
[即时训练]
Upn/On their return t the cuntry, the wmen's vlleyball team received praise and flwers.
eq \(\s\up1(4),\s\d5( )) It struck him that the ther Chinese men in the pht apparently did nt care abut what was happening t their fellw cuntrymen.
令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。eq \a\vs4\al()
[句式分析]
(1)在本句中，It 是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。it作形式主语的常见句型：
①It is＋名词(a fact，a gd idea, a pity, a shame, n wnder)＋主语从句
②It is＋形容词(necessary, clear, strange, imprtant, wnderful) ＋主语从句
③It＋不及物动词(happens，desn't matter，ccurs t sb.)＋主语从句
④It is＋过去分词(reprted，hped，thught，said，expected，believed)＋主语从句
It is imprtant that he shuld knw abut this.
重要的是他应该知道此事。
It is said that he has gne t Shanghai.
据说他已经去了上海。
(2) 本句中“It struck him that”表示“他突然感到(觉得)……”。struck可用hit /ccured t替换。如：
It hit/struck/ccurred t me that I had met him smewhere.
我突然想到以前在什么地方见过他。
It struck me that she had cme t brrw mney.
我忽然想到她是来借钱的。
(3)句中what was happening t their fellw cuntrymen是what引导的名词性从句，作介词abut的宾语。what引导的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
What caused the accident remains unknwn.
是什么引发了这起事故还不知道。(引导主语从句，在从句中作主语)
This bk will shw yu what shuld be knwn by gd teachers.
这本书会告诉你优秀的教师应该了解什么。(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)
Our city isn't what it used t be.
我们的城市不再是原来的样子了。(引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)
[思维拓展]
what 和that引导名词性从句的异同：
that引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)、不作成分、没有词义；what引导名词性从句时不可省略、作成分、有词义。
[即时训练]
①It is a pity that he failed t attend my party.
②It struck me that nbdy was in favur f the change.
③ I lived in what yu call ancient Greece.
eq \(\s\up1(5),\s\d5( )) Frm this， he cncluded that the crucial prblem in China was nt physical illness， but the spiritual illness f peple at that time.
由此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。eq \a\vs4\al()
[句式分析]
意为“不是……而是……”，可用于连接并列的名词、代词、形容词、副词、介宾短语或分句等。
Nt he but his brther is t blame.
该受责备的是他弟弟而不是他。
He failed nt because he isn't clever but because he didn't wrk hard.
他失败不是因为他不聪明，而是因为他工作不努力。
[思维拓展]
连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”，即谓语与 but 后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。用法类似的结构还有 , , nt (als)．.., there be 句型等。
Nt the wrkers but the manager is respnsible fr that.对那件事负责的是经理而不是工人们。
Nt nly the students but (als) their teacher is enjying the mvie.不仅学生们在津津有味地看着这部电影，他们的老师也是如此。
[即时训练]
Either the team leader r the guides have_searched (search) fr the lst students in the past 3 days.
考点集训三
1．Diamnds were nce thught t_have(have)magical pwers.
2．This will be the best nvel f its kind ever written (write)．
3．Wh were the s­called guests invited (invite) t yur party last night?
4．Upn/On hearing the bad news, she burst int tears.
5．It struck me that we ught t make a new plan.
6．I think it was nt the teacher but the tw students that were (be) t blame.
7．I am writing the letter，hping (hpe) yu can give me sme advice n hw t learn English well.
8．I suggested ging (g) in my car.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I insisted(坚持认为) that we shuld have a lk at every car.
2．He cncluded(结束) by wishing everyne a safe trip hme.
3．She burst int tears and fled(逃跑)．
4．He defeated(战胜) the champin in three sets.
5．He analysed(分析) the situatin very clsely.
6．She was apparently(显然) a very nervus wman, and that affected her career.
7．It was malicius gssip, cmpletely withut substance(事实根据)．
8．Under n circumstances(状况) shuld yu lend Paul any mney.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We need t draw a distinctin(distinct) between the tw events.
2．T_btain(btain) the verall scre, add up the ttals in each clumn.
3．The cmpany's cmmitment(cmmit) t prviding quality at a reasnable price has been vital t its success.
4．The guests watched as she fled(flee) frm the rm.
5．The wrld champin has nly had tw defeats(defeat) in 20 fights.
主题语境：人与社会
主题群：历史、社会与文化
语篇类型：记叙文
文化知识
语言知识
(1)词汇知识：crucial；vital；cmmit；evaluate；distinct；bil；btain；acknwledge；defeat；analyse；insist；cnclusin；flee等。
(2)语法知识：学习非限制性定语从句。
(3)语用知识：描写你钦佩的人。
介绍对社会有突出贡献的人物的生平、事迹、成就、影响、成功的因素、面对荣誉的态度等，培养学生向著名人物学习的意识，并立志自己也要成为对社会有突出贡献的人。
defeat
击败，强调过程和结果
宾语是对手
beat
打败；(连续)击打
宾语是对手
win
赢得；获胜
宾语是game或prize等
词意
宾语从句
坚持要求
宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语是“(shuld＋)d”结构。
坚持认为；坚持说
宾语从句使用陈述语气。