2022秋新教材高中英语综合检测新人教版选择性必修第一册

这是一份2022秋新教材高中英语综合检测新人教版选择性必修第一册，共18页。

综合检测
(时间:90分钟　满分:120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Prague is cracking!My sister was right.It is one of Europe’s most popular tourist attractions,which has beautiful old buildings.So far,my favourite place is Prague Castle.I think it is the largest ancient castle in the world.Prague also has a lot of cultural events,like the World Dance Festival.I went to a ballet(芭蕾舞剧) just last night.
—Lily
I’ve come to Shanghai at the right time.It was exciting!There are many tourists there.It has some wonderful buildings from the 1930s.Yesterday was the Dragon Boat Festival.I went on a night cruise(乘船游览) of the Huangpu River last night.I met some great people on the boat,mostly foreigners,like me.
—Stan
Buenos Aires is a fun city.I’m staying near the mile-long shopping street called Calle Florida.It is a great place to meet people and watch dancers perform the tango.Buenos Aires is the birthplace of the tango.
I also spent a day in the suburb of Tigre.It’s about 30 km from the capital,and you can get there quickly by train.However,I chose to take a boat on the canals of the Parana Delta.
—Melinda
1.What can be learned according to Lily?
A.Prague is a modern city.
B.Prague is worth visiting.
C.Prague is most famous for its ballet.
D.Prague is the second largest ancient castle in the world.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第一段可知,布拉格确实是欧洲最受欢迎的旅游景点之一,拥有既美丽又古老的建筑。到目前为止,“我”最喜欢的地方是布拉格城堡。这是Lily的描述,从中了解到布拉格是最受欢迎的景点之一,当然值得一游。故选B项。
2.Both Stan and Melinda 　　　. 
A.took a boat trip
B.saw a lot of old buildings
C.went to a festival
D.travelled by train
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I went on a night cruise of the Huangpu River last night.”和第四段中的“However,I chose to take a boat on the canals of the Parana Delta.”可知,Stan和Melinda两人都是坐船游览的。故选A项。
3.The passage is probably taken out of 　　　. 
A.a history book
B.a news report
C.a travel website
D.a personal diary
答案C
解析推理判断题。文章以三个游历过景点的人的口吻介绍了三个著名的旅游景点,是一种广告推广,目的是让更多的人去选择这些景点,它的受众是一般的浏览者,不具有专业性和私密性。故选C项。

B
Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881 and his parents were both farmers.He moved to London in 1895 and finished his basic education.Fleming entered the medical field in 1901,studying at St.Mary’s Hospital Medical School.While at St.Mary’s,he won the 1908 gold medal as the top medical student.
A position at St.Mary’s Hospital led him to the then-new field of bacteriology(细菌学).During World War Ⅰ,Fleming served in the Royal Army Medical Corps.At the time,antiseptics(抗菌剂) were commonly used.Fleming discovered that their destructive effects on the body were greater than their ability to break down harmful bacteria.Therefore,more soldiers were dying from antiseptic treatment than from bacterial harm.
Fleming suggested that,for more effective treatment,wounds simply be kept dry and clean.However,his idea largely got ignored because of the difficult conditions.Returning to St.Mary’s after the war,in 1918,Fleming worked as the assistant director of St.Mary’s.
In September 1928,Fleming returned to his lab after a month away with his family,and was surprised to notice that a type of bacteria he had left out had become polluted by a mold(霉菌).The bacteria surrounding this mold had been destroyed.He realised that he discovered the world’s first bacteria killer.It was later named “penicillin”.
Further development of penicillin was not a one-man operation,so Fleming employed two young researchers.Penicillin finally came into use during World War Ⅱ and Fleming won the Nobel Prize in 1945.
4.What do we know about Fleming?
A.He began to study medicine at the age of 14.
B.He completed his basic education in Scotland.
C.He had excellent performance while in college.
D.He started his career due to his parents’ influence.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fleming entered the medical field in 1901,...as the top medical student.”可知,弗莱明1901年进入医学领域,在圣玛丽医学院学习。在圣玛丽医学院时,他在1908年以优秀医学生的身份获得金牌。由此可知,弗莱明在大学时表现出色,故选C项。
5.What did Fleming find during World War Ⅰ?
A.The British army suffered from a lack of antiseptics.
B.Few people wanted to study the field of bacteriology.
C.Soldiers had limited knowledge of treating their wounds.
D.Antiseptics did more harm than good to wounded soldiers.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fleming discovered that their destructive effects on the body were greater...than from bacterial harm.”可知,弗莱明发现,它们对人体的破坏性影响远远大于它们分解有害细菌的能力。因此,死于抗菌剂的士兵比死于细菌伤害的士兵多。因此,在第一次世界大战中弗莱明发现抗菌剂对受伤的士兵弊大于利。故选D项。
6.What does paragraph 4 imply?
A.Fleming discovered penicillin quite by accident.
B.Penicillin was Fleming’s first well-known discovery.
C.Penicillin was later put into use by Fleming’s students.
D.Fleming made a mistake while preparing for an operation.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第四段可知,1928年9月,弗莱明离开家一个月后回到实验室,惊讶地发现,他遗漏的一种细菌被霉菌污染了。这个霉菌周围的细菌已经被消灭了。他意识到他发现了世界上第一个细菌杀手,后来被命名为“盘尼西林”。由此判断出,第四段暗示弗莱明偶然发现了盘尼西林。故选A项。
7.How does the author organise the text?
A.By providing data.
B.By giving examples.
C.By making comparisons.
D.By following time order.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He moved to London in 1895 and finished his basic education.Fleming entered the medical field in 1901,studying at St.Mary’s Hospital Medical School.While at St.Mary’s,he won the 1908 gold medal as the top medical student.”,第二段中的“During World War Ⅰ,Fleming served in the Royal Army Medical Corps.”,第三段中的“Returning to St.Mary’s after the war,in 1918...”,第四段中的“In September 1928...”和最后一段中的“Penicillin finally came into use during World War Ⅱ and Fleming won the Nobel Prize in 1945.”可判断出,作者是按时间顺序组织文章的。故选D项。

C
The race to 5G is on.All four major US carriers now have some form of 5G wireless,although it’s all limited roll-outs in only a few cities,mostly using expensive phones that won’t support future nationwide 5G network.We’re tracking the roll-outs monthly on our Race to 5G page.
The early 5G roll-outs are more like a public test than a final product.AT&T,Verizon,and T-Mobile are all using technologies that only travel about 800 feet from a cell site,which means there isn’t much coverage.All four carriers are waiting for upgrades(升级) to their base stations that will improve coverage,speed,and reliability.Around the end of this year,AT&T,Verizon,and T-Mobile all intend to launch 5G networks that use the existing 4G spectrum(频谱),which will have slower speeds but broader coverage.
We’ve tested AT&T in Dallas and Las Vegas;Sprint in Dallas and New York;Verizon in Chicago,New York,and Providence;and T-Mobile in New York.Every month,we’ve been seeing better performance and more new devices.It’s messy.It’s very early days.And if you like new technology,it’s very exciting.
In previous mobile transformations,we’ve seen most of the big changes happening years after the first announcement.Take 4G,for instance.The first 4G phones in the US appeared in 2010.But the sorts of 4G applications that changed our world didn’t appear until later.So following that plan,while we’re getting a little bit of 5G right now,you should expect the big 5G applications to crop up.
5G stands for fifth-generation cellular(蜂窝状的) wireless,and the initial standards of it were set at the end of 2017.But a set of standards doesn’t mean that all 5G will work the same—or that we even know what applications 5G will enable.There will be slow but responsive 5G,and fast 5G with limited coverage.
8.What is the present state of 5G in the US?
A.Initial exploration.
B.Great improvement.
C.Wide application.
D.Extensive promotion.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容,尤其是“The early 5G roll-outs are more like a public test than a final product...only travel about 800 feet from a cell site,which means there isn’t much coverage.All four carriers are waiting for upgrades to their base stations”和第三段中的“It’s messy.It’s very early days.”可知,目前,美国的5G技术处于开发运用的入门阶段,即初期探索时期,故选A项。
9.Why does the author take 4G for example?
A.To persuade carriers to give up 5G.
B.To remind people of 4G’s importance.
C.To prove 5G takes time to make a greater difference.
D.To show 5G has failed to meet expectations.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“we’ve seen most of the big changes happening years after the first announcement,So following that plan...to crop up”可知,作者以4G为例,是为了证明5G会像4G一样,需要时间来发挥更大的作用,运用于更广泛的领域。
10.What’s the author’s attitude to 5G?
A.Cautious.　　　　　　　B.Skeptical.
C.Concerned. D.Objective.
答案D
解析观点态度题。作者在文中客观地介绍了美国5G的现状,并拿4G为例子让人们正确地看待5G,即现在不要对5G抱太大期待,因为它更广泛的应用要过几年才能出现。由此可推知,作者对5G是抱着客观的态度的。故选D项。
11.What’s the best title for the text?
A.Race to 5G B.5G is coming
C.How fast is 5G? D.What is 5G?
答案B
解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了美国5G的情况,让人们了解5G的现状以及5G的前景,5G当下处于初期探索时期,还需要一些时间才能实现更广泛的应用,故B项“5G正在到来”作本文标题最佳。

D
Organic food,grown without artificial chemicals,is increasingly popular nowadays.Consumers have been willing to pay up to twice as much for goods with organic labels(商标).However,if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious and safer product,you might want to save your money.A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren’t necessarily more nutritious,and they’re no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria,either.
The latest results,published in the Annuals of Internal Medicine,suggest that buyers may be wasting their money.“We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford.“So consumers shouldn’t assume that one type of food has a lower risk or is safer.”
For their new study,Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research,including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products,and 223 studies that analysed the nutritional content of the foods,including key vitamins,minerals and fats.
While the researchers found little difference in nutritional content,they did find that organic fruit and vegetables were 20% less likely to have chemicals remaining on the surfaces.Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards.And both organic and traditional meats,such as chicken and pork,were equally likely to be harmed by bacteria at very low rates.The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids,a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease.However,these nutritional differences were too small,and the researchers were unwilling to make much of them until further studies confirm the trends.
Organic food is produced with fewer chemicals and more natural-growing practices,but that doesn’t always translate into a more nutritious or healthier product.The US Department of Agriculture(USDA) states that “whether you buy organic food or not,finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.
12.The new research questions whether organic food 　　　. 
A.should replace traditional food
B.has been overpriced by farmers
C.is grown with less harmful chemicals
D.is really more nutritious and healthier
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren’t necessarily more nutritious,and...bacteria,either.”可以看出,新研究是针对有机食物是否更有营养和更健康方面提出质疑,故选D项。
13.Smith-Spangler and her colleagues found that 　　　. 
A.organic foods could reduce the risk of heart disease
B.traditional foods were grown with more natural methods
C.both organic and traditional foods they examined were safe
D.there was not a presence of any forms of bacteria in organic foods
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的第二句可知,有机食品和传统食品一样,都符合食品安全标准,所以被检测的两种食物都是安全的。故选C项。
14.Which of the following is relatively healthier according to the passage?
A.Organic chicken and pork.
B.Organic milk and chicken.
C.Traditional chicken and pork.
D.Traditional fruit and vegetables.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids,a healthy fat...heart disease.”可知,研究人员发现有机牛奶和有机鸡肉含有一类较高的脂肪酸,这种脂肪酸可以降低患心脏病的风险,是健康的。故选B项。
15.What is the author’s attitude towards organic food?
A.Skeptical. B.Neutral.
C.Unconcerned. D.Approving.
答案A
解析推理判断题。作者在第一段提出人们不值得花过多的钱去买有机食品,以及最后一段引用USDA 美国农业部的观点“...whether you buy organic food or not,finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.”和最后一句“Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.”可看出作者是持怀疑的态度。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Build your own first aid kit
Emergencies can happen anytime,anywhere,so being prepared for one is important.Having a proper first aid kit in your home is an easy but essential part of good emergency preparation.　16　 Instead of getting such one,you can save money and ensure the kit is personalised to suit you and your family’s particular needs by creating your own. 
Pick a good container.One good option is a large,water-resistant,rigid or flexible plastic container.This makes the materials inside visible for easy identification and safe.　17　 A handle is ideal out of consideration for that.Regardless of your container choice,clearly identify it—for example,by writing “FIRST AID” with a permanent marker. 
　18　 One should include all of your basic medicinal supplies,such as bandages(绷带),gloves and scissors,while the second one includes medicine.Make sure that the important basic medical tools and medicines are contained in it.　19　 However,when it comes to bandages,wipes and other lightweight items,the more the merrier.And remember that everything is kept in small sealed plastic bags. 
　20　 When one of your family is crying about a cut on her finger,you don’t want your home kit buried at the back of a cupboard or lost because it’s not being returned to the same spot after each use.Establish a clearly-defined,consistent spot for it.Let small children know where the kit is located,but place it where they cannot reach it. 
A.Make your first aid kit safely accessible.
B.Separate the first aid kit into two sections.
C.The ready-made first aid kits in the store are usually expensive.
D.The kit should be easy to transport as needed to the emergency.
E.The number of each item will depend on the size of your family.
F.Having several first aid kits means you can get one of them anytime.
G.First aid kits on the market often lack what you want or have something useless for you.
答案16~20 GDBEA
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Alexei Leonov,the first man to walk in space and create art there,died on October 11th,2019,aged 85.
Climbing from the open airlock of Voskhod 2,Alexei Leonov felt quite 　21　.He was cool-headed,focused.This often 　22　 people.“What!”they would exclaim unbelievably.“The door into 　23　 had been opened,and yet you felt nothing?”They forgot that he had been through all that 　24　 at the cosmonaut school—jumping into 　25　 water,acrobatics,and the rest.They forgot that his head was full of data and instructions. 
All the same,as he released one hand,then one foot,then the 　26　 of him,until only a 5.5-metre rope held him to the world of men,he could feel a smile starting on his face and 　27　.He was fascinated but remained calm mostly.He spread his bulky-suited 　28　,kicked his legs and floated,free.In the 　29　 he could hear only his heartbeat and his 　30　 breathing. 
Stars were all around him against a 　31　 sky.They did not blink.Below him,about 500 km below,lay the Black Sea.He knew it well,not only as a Russian patriot(爱国者),but because he had visited its shores dozens of times.Now,on March 18th,1965,he saw it wholly,gunmetal gray,with a 　32　 dot of a ship on it that seemed to be caught from all sides by a flow of light.He too was a 　33　,a grain of sand in the near-blinding dazzle of the sun.He saw the earth revolves(转动),the only 　34　 thing apart from himself.What struck him most forcibly was how round it is,how beautiful,and how blue.However,the process is not so smooth.Actually,his travel in space nearly 　35　 in disaster,as his space suit expanded and he could not get back into the craft.Fortunately,he finally solved the problem and successfully returned to the earth. 
21.A.nervous B.calm
C.excited D.frustrated
答案B
解析根据设空处后一句中的“cool-headed,focused”可知,他是头脑冷静且专注的,所以他应该很沉着。后文中的“He was fascinated but remained calm”也为提示。calm意为“沉着的”,符合语境。
22.A.satisfied B.interested
C.surprised D.impressed
答案C
解析根据后文的“What!”及“...and yet you felt nothing?”可知,人们觉得他表现沉着是出乎意料的,让人们感到意外。surprise意为“使感到意外”,符合语境。
23.A.earth B.star
C.sun D.space
答案D
解析根据第一段中的“the first man to walk in space”可知,此处应指进入太空的门。space意为“太空”,符合语境。
24.A.hardship B.experience
C.training D.coaching
答案C
解析根据破折号后面的内容可推知,此处应指,人们忘记了他在宇航员学校中已接受过各种训练。training意为“训练”,符合语境。
25.A.shallow B.deep
C.cold D.warm
答案B
解析结合常识可知,宇航员在水中接受训练主要是为了承受压力,所以一定要进入深水才能达到效果。deep意为“深的”,符合语境。
26.A.head B.waist
C.back D.whole
答案D
解析根据设空处前的one hand和one foot并结合常识可知,阿列克谢·列昂诺夫进入太空时首先露出一只手,然后一只脚,最后应是整个身体进入太空。whole意为“整体”,符合语境。
27.A.spreading B.appearing
C.disappearing D.shrinking
答案A
解析根据设空处前的“a smile starting on his face”和后文的“He was fascinated”可知,他脸上出现了微笑,然后笑容慢慢扩散开来。spread意为“扩散”,符合语境。
28.A.fingers B.hands
C.arms D.shoulders
答案C
解析根据设空处后的“kicked his legs and floated”并结合常识可知,此处应表示,他伸展开自己穿着笨重的双臂,蹬着双腿,自由自在地漂浮在太空中。arm意为“手臂”,符合语境。
29.A.space B.atmosphere
C.darkness D.silence
答案D
解析根据设空处后面的“he could hear only his heartbeat”并结合常识可知,此处应表示,在寂静中他只能听到自己的心跳和呼吸。silence意为“寂静”,符合语境。
30.A.heavy B.light
C.short D.long
答案A
解析根据空前的“he could hear only”并结合常识可知,因为周围很寂静,所以他听到的自己的呼吸声应是很粗重的。故heavy符合语境。
31.A.snow-white B.blue
C.coal-black D.clear
答案C
解析根据设空处后一句可知,所有星星都没有闪烁。由此可知,此处应表示天空是漆黑的。coal-black意为“漆黑的”,符合语境。
32.A.big B.large
C.small D.tiny
答案D
解析结合常识可知,阿列克谢·列昂诺夫从太空中往下看黑海中的一艘船,只能看到极小的一个点。tiny意为“极小的”,符合语境。
33.A.dot B.light
C.line D.circle
答案A
解析根据设空处前的too和空后的a grain of sand可知,在浩瀚的星空和太阳炫目的光线里,他也是一个微小的点。dot意为“点”,符合语境。
34.A.walking B.flowing
C.moving D.standing
答案C
解析根据空前的“the earth revolves”可知,此处应表示除了他自己,地球是他看到的唯一在移动的东西,故moving符合语境。
35.A.ended B.started
C.inspired D.motivated
答案A
解析根据设空处前一句中的However和后文的“he finally solved the problem”可知,此处表示,他的这次太空行走差点儿就以灾难结束。end in...意为“以……结束”,符合语境。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some people thought Jia Sixie was 36.　　　　　 lucky man.He had worked for the emperor and when he got old,he could go to 37.　　　　　(he) hometown to relax.Jia Sixie,however,had other plans.He had always been interested 38.　　　　　 agriculture and wanted to do something to make Chinese farming even better. 
Jia Sixie 39.　　　　　(live) in the sixth century AD.He was born in Yidu in Shandong Province and worked in Gaoyang,40.　　　　　 is also in Shandong.As he rode through the countryside on his journeys for his work,he looked out at the fields.Some of them were greener and had 41.　　　　　　　(many) crops than others.Some 42.(cow) looked healthier than others too.He was lost in thought.What could a 43.　　　　　(farm) do to get good crops from his field?Surely there must be rules that would help them.He thought he was able 44.(find) out the best way for farmers.Then he wrote a book 45.　　　　　(call) Qi Min Yao Shu to help them. 
答案36.a　37.his　38.in　39.lived　40.which　41.more　42.cows　43.farmer　44.to find　45.called
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Tom最近在学习汉语,但是他感觉汉语太难了,想要放弃。请你用英语给他回复一封邮件,内容包括:
1.鼓励他;
2.给出至少两条学习汉语的建议。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头语和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
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Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Tom, 
I am sorry to know that you want to give up Chinese just because you think it hard to learn.In my opinion,you should keep studying the Chinese language.There are some suggestions for you.
To study Chinese well,you should practice speaking it every day as the saying goes,“Practice makes perfect.”Besides,you can make friends with people who can speak Chinese.The more you know China,the more attractive you will find Chinese.
If you have any questions about Chinese,you can email me.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua 
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
My sister Jeanne and I were born only 14 months apart,and we once shared many happy moments.She liked telling jokes to me and I would laugh heartily.She always said she loved my laughter and it’s the most impressive sound for her.But by the time we were teenagers we had years without speaking and lost touch due to family breaking.By age 19,I had moved away from our home in Wisconsin to live on my father’s horse farm in Virginia.Jeanne got married at 20,moved to Chicago,and became—well,I didn’t know what.We lived separate lives in separate states,and our connection somehow ended.
Fast-forward about five years.I was 24 and on a trip with my best friend to New York City,a place I had never been to.It was so different from my hometown.I was used to riding my horse to the corner store where everyone knew everyone and everything went on in the quiet little cowboy town of Driver,Virginia.We went to New York to visit my friend’s cousin and see the sights.We went to Little Italy,the Statue of Liberty,Chinatown,and several Manhattan clubs.I had never seen so many taxis in one spot in all my life.
During a day of sightseeing,we were crossing a very busy street loaded with people.Everyone was in a hurry.I was laughing at something my friend just said,and then I suddenly heard my name yelled from somewhere behind me,“Cheryl!”The voice was so familiar.I froze in my steps in the middle of the road.Tears welled up spontaneously(不由自主地) in my eyes.I knew without a shadow of a doubt that it was my sister Jeanne.I yelled back before even turning to look.“Jeanne?”
It was her.“Oh my!”I screamed,and I began pushing people out of my way to get to her.The crowd started to part—even by New York standards,we must have seemed crazy.And there we were,standing in the middle of a Manhattan street,facing each other and smiling.I couldn’t believe it.
I later asked how she’d known it was me. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Since that time,my sister and I have never been separated.
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参考范文
I later asked how she’d known it was me.She said it was my laugh,the impressive and unforgettable sound.My laugh is not all that unusual,but I guess to a family member it’s infectious.It hits her heart and resonates in her mind.I asked her what she was doing in New York,and she said she had come for an opera showing and was there for only a week.Neither of us has ever returned to New York,and both our visits were spontaneous trips planned just a week earlier.
Since that time,my sister and I have never been separated.We both moved back to Wisconsin.We talked and joked daily like before.Many years have passed,and my sister and I are now both in our 50s.I see the chance of meeting as more of a lesson,a reminder not to lose touch with loved ones.After our sister-to-sister miracle,I don’t plan to let that happen again.Also,I know the secret to connect each other.