2022秋新教材高中英语Unit10Connections课件北师大版选择性必修第四册

这是一份2022秋新教材高中英语Unit10Connections课件北师大版选择性必修第四册，共16页。

UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS美 文 导 入素养解读：近几年英语高考的突出特点是坚持能力立意，突出对核心素养的考查。下面这篇文章就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开的。文章介绍了与本单元话题紧密相关的“小世界理论”在社交网络中广泛运用的情况，有助于提升同学们多方面地了解人际交往的基本原理，从而拓宽自己对人际关系、人与社会的理解。主题：人与社会学科素养：思维品质难度系数：★★★★★【语篇导读】本文简单介绍了“小世界理论”的原理及其在社交网络中的广泛运用。The Small-World Phenomenon and Decentralized SearchThe small-world phenomenon—the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances, or “six degrees of separation”—is a fundamental issue in social networks. It is a basic statement about the abundance of short paths in a graph whose nodes are people, with links joining pairs who know one another. It is also a topic on which the feedback between social, mathematical, and computational issues has been particularly fluid. The problem has its roots in experiments performed by the social psychologist Stanley Milgram in the 1960s. To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States, he asked participants to forward a letter to a “target person” living near Boston, with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance. Milgram found that the median completed chain length was six. Why should a social network contain such short paths?Working much more recently, applied mathematicians Duncan Watts and Steve Strogatz proposed thinking about networks with this small-world property as a superposition: a highly clustered(成群的)sub-network consisting of the “local acquaintances” of nodes, together with a collection of random long-range shortcuts that help produce short paths. In addition to empirical studies of social, technological, and biological networks, Watts and Strogatz considered the following simple model system: Start with a d-dimensional lattice network(晶格网络), and add a small number of long-range links out of each node, to destinations chosen uniformly at random. A network created by this superposition will have local clustering and short paths, just like many of the networks found in the real world…acquaintance /ə'kweɪntəns/ n．熟人；相识；了解；知道abundance /ə'bʌndəns/ n．充裕，丰富fluid /'fluːɪd/ adj.流动的；不固定的，易变的；流畅的，优美的forward /'fɔːwəd/ v．发送；转寄；促进；运送trace out 描绘出；探寻出；探寻踪迹in addition to 除……之外(还有，也)；另外at random 胡乱地；随便地；任意地○课标词汇1．The small-world phenomenon—the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances, or “six degrees of separation”—is a fundamental issue in social networks. ○句型精析分析：这是一个简单句。句子的主语是“The small-world phenomenon”，系动词是is，“a fundamental issue in social networks”是这个简单句的表语。 “the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances”是同位语从句。 “six degrees of separation”是和The small-world phenomenon并列的，故用or连接。译文：小世界理论，或者说“六度分隔理论”——原理是我们都被极短的熟人链所连接，是社交网络中的根本问题。2．To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States, he asked participants to forward a letter to a “target person” living near Boston, with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance. 分析：“To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States”是目的状语， “with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance”是方式状语，且这个状语中包含由that引导的定语从句。译文：为了通过美国的社交网络追寻简短路径，他(指Stanley Milgram)吩咐参与者给住在波士顿附近的一个“目标人”寄送一封信，限制的要求是每个参与者只能把这封信寄给一个熟悉的人。核心素养目标【语言技能】学会含有过去时态的被动语态；了解表示模糊概念的语言，掌握美式英语和英式英语的差别并用来传递意义；学写一篇新闻报道；准确流利表达你对第一印象的观点。【素养提升】掌握人际交往的基本原理，学会结交合适的人际关系；关注并积极投身于健康、有益的社区活动，维系和谐、良好的邻里关系。