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英语Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs教案配套课件ppt
展开1.____________ adj. 科学(上)的2.____________ n.显微镜 3.___________ vi. & vt. 捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献4.____________ vi. 通信5.____________ adj. 立刻的,马上的 6.____________ vt. 发射;发动,发起,开始从事7.____________ n.人造卫星;卫星
scientific micrscpe dnate crrespnd instant launch satellite
8.____________ n.轨道 vi. & vt. 沿轨道运行9.____________ adj. 最好的;最重要的 10.____________ adv. 后来,随后11.____________ adj. 恒久不变的;持续不断的,经常发生的n.常量,恒量12.____________ n.研究的结果;发现13.____________ n.生物学家
rbit premier subsequently cnstant finding bilgist
14.perceivevt._______________________15.millinnum.______________16.humbleadj._________________17.utcmen.______________18.navyn.______________19.accuracyn. ____________________________20.missilen.______________
察觉,注意到,发觉 百万 谦虚的,谦卑的 结果,后果 海军 准确性;精准度;正确,准确 导弹,飞弹
21.physicistn.______________22.jintadj.__________________________23.tuben._____________________________________24.circuitn._______________________25.efficientlyadv.______________________26.prpsevt._______________________
物理学家 联合的,共同的,共有的 圆管,管子;电视机显像管,阴极射线管 电路,线路;环形道路 有效率地,高效能地 提出(某观点、方法等)
1.同时__________________2.根据__________________3.去度假;正在度假__________________4.事实上__________________5.熄灭;过时__________________6.很少;几乎没有__________________7.到……为止__________________
at the same time accrding t g n hliday in fact g ut nly a few by the end f…
8.在上班;起作用__________________9.be cmmitted t__________________10.instant message__________________11.be inspired by…__________________12.figure ut__________________13.single ut__________________14.in a jint effrt____________________
be at wrk 致力于 即时信息 被……激励 算出;想出 挑出;挑选 共同努力;齐心协力
15.be dedicated t__________________16.be transfrmed int__________________17.participate in__________________18.cme up with__________________19.nt t mentin____________________20.nuclear bmb__________________
献身于 转变为;变成 参加;参与 想出;提出 更不必说;不用提及 原子弹
1.(P53)The navy turned t Eckert,______________(一位工程师), and Mauchly, ________________ (一位物理学家), t deal with the prblem and prduce a machine t d the jb in a jint effrt. (同位语)【答案】1.an engineer; a physicist
2.(P53)Human life n this planet has been transfrmed int a “glbal village”,with all the different cuntries ___________ ______ (被共同利益紧密联系在一起). (非谓语动词短语作定语)【答案】2.linked in the chain f cmmn interests
一、阅读理解( )1.When was “thery f relativity” brn?A.In 1903.B.In 1904.C.In 1905.D.In 1906.( )2.What was Eckert?A.A bilgist.B.An engineer. C.A prfessr.D.A physicist.
( )3.Where was penicillin fund in 1929?A.On the flr.B.On the table. C.In the dish.D.In the lab. ( )4.When was the wrld’s first cmputer finished?A.In 1946.B.In 1948.C.In 1950.D.In 1960.
( )5.Wh invented the Wrld Wide Web in 1990?A.Albert Einstein.B.Alexander Fleming. C.Tim Berners-Lee.D.Eckert. 【答案】1—5 CBCAC
二、判断正误( )1.The atm is the smallest particle f matter in the universe. ( )2.In the summer f 1904, “E=mc2” was brn. ( )3.Penicillin was fund in 1929.( )4.Mauchly was an engineer during the Wrld War II. ( )5.By the end f the 1960s, sme mini-netwrks were established. 【答案】1—5 FFTFT
1.dnate vt. &vi. 捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献(P52)Medical advances ranged frm discvering the causes f diseases under micrscpes t staging peratins t replace diseased rgans with dnated nes. 【翻译】医学的进步,囊括了从显微镜下发现疾病的根源,到用捐献的器官代替患病的器官手术。
dnate vt. &vi. 捐赠;献;捐献;放出;转移过去式:dnated过去分词:dnated现在分词:dnating第三人称单数:dnates
We are happy t dnate t bna fide charitable causes. 我们很乐意向真正的慈善事业捐赠。He used t dnate large sum f mney t the famus university every year. 他过去每年都向那所著名的大学捐献大笔的钱。Many peple ffered t dnate bld fr the badly burnt wrker. 很多人要求为那个严重烧伤的工人献血。
If that bag sits in yur huse r car fr mre than a week, yu’ll prbably never have it repaired, s dnate it r tss it. 如果那个袋子在你家里或车里放了一个多星期,你很可能不会把它拿去修补的了,所以把它捐了或扔了吧。
dnatin n.捐款;捐赠;捐赠物 复数 dnatinsEmplyees make regular dnatins t charity. 员工们定期向慈善机构捐赠物品。Yu can f curse help by giving them a dnatin directly. 你当然可以通过直接给他们一笔捐赠来帮助他们。The ryals have always been patrns f charities pulling in large dnatins. 王室成员一直都是慈善机构的资助人,捐资数目巨大。
dnate bld 义务献血;捐血dnate materials 献物;捐献材料dnatin accunt 捐赠账户dnatin bx 捐款箱dnate t 赠予
Mst sites allw yu t select a charity t dnate t. 大部分的网站都允许你选择要捐赠的慈善组织。Trash n the desk, and paste the “dnatin bx” label. 把废纸篓放在办公桌上,并贴上“捐款箱”的标签。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)The amunt f the ________(dnate)tk us cmpletely by surprise. (2)Organ ________(dnate) t strangers is cnsidered an unselfish act. 【答案】(1)dnatin (2)dnatin
(3)The wrk f the charity is funded by vluntary ________ (dnate).(4)It is s selfless f my teacher t help thse in pverty by ________(dnate) mney. 【答案】(3)dnatins (4)dnating
完成句子(5)They _____________ at the registratin pint. 他们应该在注册登记处捐款。(6)Yu need t knw that every time yu ________ ________,bks r tys t a charity shp, yu are helping peple. 你要知道,每次你将衣服、书籍或者玩具捐赠到慈善店里时,你都是在帮助别人。【答案】(5)shuld dnate (6)dnate clthes
(7)Since the war brke ut, the phnes ____________ have been ringing ff the hk. 自从战争爆发以来,捐款中心的电话一直响个不停。(8)This authr has set up ________________. 该作者开了捐赠账户。(9)Lcal peple lined up t _____________ fr the brave girl. 当地人排队给这位勇敢的姑娘献血。【答案】(7)at dnatin centres (8)a dnatin accunt (9)dnate bld
2.subsequently adv. 后来,随后(P52)Subsequently, “E=mc2” was brn. 【翻译】随后,“E=mc2”诞生了。【语言提升】
subsequently adv. 随后;后来;其后;接着
He said he was a dctr, but it subsequently emerged that he was an impstr. 他说他是位医生,但后来却发现他是个骗子。
He subsequently wrked n Being’s 747, 767 and 737 jetliner prgrammes. 他后来参加了波音747、767 和 737喷气式飞机的项目。Althugh he subsequently became a successful businessman, his criminal past caught up with him. 虽然他后来成了一位成功的商人,但他的犯罪前科却让他尝到了恶果。
The initializatin f a data medium such that a particular cmputer system can stre data in and subsequently retrieve data frm the medium. 数据媒体的初始化,使某一特定计算机系统能将数据存在媒体中,随后又可从该媒体中检索出来。
subsequent adj. 随后的Subsequent events cnfirmed ur dubts. 后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。Subsequent experiments failed t replicate these findings. 后来的实验没有得出同样的结果。Three f them were killed in the subsequent encunter with the plice. 他们中有三个人在后来与警察的冲突中被杀死。
subsequential adj. 后来的;并发的subsequence n.随后;接着subsequent t 继……之后It was a Sunday mrning in late Octber, abut fur mnths after Tess Durbeyfield’s arrival at Trantridge, and sme few weeks subsequent t the night ride in the Chase. 在十月末一个礼拜天的早晨,大约在苔丝·德北菲尔德来到特兰里奇四个月以后,离他们骑马在猎苑走夜路已经过了几个礼拜。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)These will be used in ____________(subsequence)steps. (2)Over the past 10 years, news rganisatins have had t cut dwn n staff and ____________(subsequent) their cverage f freign stries. 【答案】(1)subsequent (2)subsequently
完成句子(3)On the day _____________ his visit, she disappeared. 在他访问的第二天,她失踪了。(4)________,new guidelines were issued t all emplyees. 随后,新的准则发给了所有雇员。【答案】(3)subsequent t (4)Subsequently
(5)Develpments n this issue will be dealt with _________. 这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。(6)There have been further develpments _____________ ur meeting. 在我们的会议之后又有新发展。【答案】 (5)in a subsequent reprt (6)subsequent t
(7)The day _____________ the typhn, the weather became nice. 继台风过后的第二天,天气就变好了。【答案】 (7)subsequent t
3.instant adj. 立刻的,马上的(P52)Cmmunicatins changed with the intrductin f mbile phnes, and the way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending instant messages. 【翻译】随着手机的引入,通信方式改变了,我们联系的方式从写信变为了发送电子邮件和即时信息。
instant adj. 立刻的;立即的;紧急的;紧迫的;刻不容缓的;本月的;此刻的;现时的;速溶的;一蹴而就的n. 准确时刻;瞬息;霎时;瞬间;片刻;速溶咖啡;刮刮乐奖券(复数形式为instants)
Mr. Prter’s bk was an instant hit. 波特先生的书立刻引起了轰动。The engine delivers instant acceleratin whatever the revs. 不论转速如何,发动机都可以立即加速。A feed will usually prvide instant gratificatin t a crying baby. 喂食通常可使正在哭闹的婴儿立即得到满足。
instant也可以用作名词,意为“瞬间;刹那;时刻”。Fr an instant, Barney was tempted t flee. 那一瞬间,巴尼忍不住想逃走。At that instant the museum was plunged int ttal darkness. 在那一刻,博物馆陷入一片黑暗。instantaneus adj. 瞬间的;即时的;猝发的Death was nt instantaneus because nne f the bullets hit the heart. 因为没有一颗子弹射中心脏,所以没有即刻死亡。
instantly adv. 立即地;马上地;即刻地cnj. 一……就……The man was killed instantly. 那人立即被杀死了。In the mvies guns kill peple instantly, but it’s nt like that in real life. 电影中,枪能使人在瞬间毙命,而实际情况并非如此。
Cmputers can instantly retrieve millins f infrmatin bits. 计算机能立刻读取数百万条信息。instantaneusly adv. 即刻;突如其来地The Internet is a rapid, mass media tl that allws glbal access t millins f peple almst instantaneusly. 互联网是一个快速而庞大的媒介工具,全球几百万人可以在一瞬间就都接入互联网。
in an instant 立刻;马上;瞬间instant message 即时通讯;即时信息;即时通信instant fd速溶食品instant play 快速比赛;随时播放instant service立等可取服务instant ndle 快餐面;方便面instant cffee 速溶咖啡instant success即时成功
The bys frgt all their fears, all their miseries in an instant. 孩子们在一瞬间忘记了他们所有的恐惧、所有的痛苦。Mdern science and technlgy has nt develped capably enugh t make instant fd as nutrient as nrmal fd. 现代科技还没有达到能够让速溶食品达到能像一般食品那么有营养。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Yu can make yur stmach lk flatter ________(instant) by imprving yur psture. (2)She recgnised the animal ____________(instant)and was frightened. 【答案】(1)instantly (2)instantly
(3)What is the ____________(instant) speed?(4)That means in real terms that we can feel the pressure ____________(instantaneus).【答案】(3)instantaneus (4)instantaneusly
完成句子(5)I’ll be back ________________. 我马上就回来。(6)I recgnized it ________ and felt a quiver f panic. 我立刻认出它了,感到一阵恐慌。(7)That infrmatin flwed in financial markets is _________. 金融市场不断涌入免费、即时的信息。【答案】(5)in an instant (6)instantly (7)free and instantaneus
(8)Cntrary t expectatins, the film was ________________. 与预期的相反,这部电影一上映就获得了成功。(9)The rise f fd delivery has als played a rle in the declining frtunes f the _____________ industry. 外卖服务的兴起在一定程度上导致了方便面行业的衰落。【答案】(8)an instant success (9)instant ndle
4.efficiently adv. 有效率地,高效能地(P53)With the develpment f cmputers, peple expected t get mre things dne efficiently. 【翻译】随着计算机的发展,人们期望高效地做更多的事情。
【语言提升】Hw d yu mtivate peple t wrk hard and efficiently? 你是如何激励人们努力而高效地工作的?I wrk very efficiently and I am decisive, and accurate in my judgement. 我工作高效、决策果断而且判断准确。Yu shuld exercise mre s as t keep energetic and yu can wrk efficiently. 你应该多运动以保持精力充沛,才可以高效地工作。
efficient adj. 有效率的;有能力的;生效的(比较级: mre efficient 最高级: mst efficient)The creatin f an efficient and sustainable transprt system is critical. 一个高效且可持续发展的交通系统的创建是非常重要的。We must make the mst efficient use f the available financial resurces. 我们必须最有效地利用现有财力。
efficiently and effectively 有效能This lets yur rganisatin manage resurces mre efficiently and effectively. 这使得您的组织可以更高效能管理资源。The result is a system that allws enterprises t access their services efficiently and effectively prviding value t their businesses. 结果是,这个系统能使企业高效并且有效果的访问自身服务,从而为其业务提供价值。
effectively意为“有效的,能产生预期效果的”;efficiently表示“效率高的,效能高的”。这两个的区别很明显,前者就是有效的,产生效果;后者则是效率高,不光有效率,而且效率高。前者强调某物或者某事达到预期的期望;后者强调完成一件事情省时省力,效率很高。
She deals with all the crrespndence prmptly and efficiently. 她迅速有效地处理全部来往信件。Services need t be mre effectively rganised than they are at present. 服务的管理需要比现在更加有效。
We can arrange time efficiently and knw hw lng a single task will take. 我们可以有效地安排时间,并知道每项任务需要多长时间。It helps yu allcate prper time fr a task and perfrm the task mre efficiently. 它帮助你给任务分配合理的时间,并助你更高效地执行任务。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Graphite(石墨) is a highly __________(efficient) cnductr f electricity. (2)Which fuel burns mst __________(efficient)? (3)That means I have t wrk mre __________(efficient).(4)An __________(efficient) bulb may lighten the lad f pwer statins. 【答案】(1)efficient (2)efficiently (3)efficiently (4)efficient
完成句子(5)Services culd be perated mre ________________. 可以更有效、更经济地提供服务。(6)The plan is designed t mtivate emplyees t wrk ________________. 这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。【答案】(5)efficiently and ecnmically (6)mre efficiently
(7)T search fr a telecmmuting jb nline _____________ shuld chse the right keywrds. 要想有效而迅速地找到一份在线远程工作要选对关键词。【答案】(7)efficiently and effectively
1.(P53)The navy turned t Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist, t deal with the prblem and prduce a machine t d the jb in a jint effrt. 【翻译】美国海军向一位工程师Eckert和一位物理学家Mauchly请求帮助,联合处理这个问题,生产做这个工作的机器。
【句式剖析】句中的“an engineer”和“a physicist”分别是Eckert和Mauchly的同位语。
【句式提升】(1)一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个名词(或其他形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。①由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。Mr. Smith,ur new teacher, is very kind t us. ur new teacher是主语,Mr. Smith 的同位语,指同一人。
②同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。He tld me that his brther Jhn was a wrld-famus dctr. (brther和Jhn都是单一的词作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。)③同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。He is interested in sprts, especially ball games. 他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。
(2)同位语类型①单词作同位语We bth cme frm Hunan. Yu three take these seats.
②短语作同位语▲使用不定式作同位语。He says that Cmputertwn UK was frmed fr just the ppsite reasn,t bring cmputers t peple and make them “peple-literate”.▲有时可用形容词作同位语,作用接近定语,但放在所同位名词的后面,且有逗号把它们分开。Peple,ld and yung,tk t the streets t watch the parade.
③从句作同位语▲同位语从句:在某些名词后面,可以跟that或连接代词(副词)引起的从句作同位语,说明其内容。▲同位语从句的先行词有:idea,fact,news,hpe,belief,thught,dubt,prmise, truth, agreement, decisin等。I have n idea that yu were here. The news that ur team has wn the match is true. 注意:有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名词后面。The rder sn came that all the sldiers shuld g t the frnt.
▲区别同位语从句和定语从句从意义上讲,前者对名词加以补充说明,而后者对名词进行修饰和限定。从结构上讲,前者由连接词引导,后者由关系代词引导。从内涵上讲,前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语等。
引导同位语从句的连词不可省略,而引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词,而定语从句所修饰、限定的名词则没有限制。
试比较:The news that he was married is nt true. (同位语从句;that在从句中不作任何成分,和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that yu tld me yesterday is true. (定语从句;that 在句中作宾语,可以省略)
【针对练习】单项选择( )(1)Sme researchers believe that there is n dubt ________ a cure fr AIDS will be fund. A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
( )(2)A warm thught suddenly came t me ________ I might use the pcket mney t buy sme flwers fr my mther’s birthday. A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which
( )(3)Nbdy believed his reasn fr being absent frm the class ________ he had t meet his uncle at the airprt. A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because【答案】(1)—(3)BCB
完成句子(4)Yesterday I talked t my English teacher,__________. 昨天我与英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。(5)Yesterday I met Tm, ________________. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。(6)We Chinese ________ are brave and hard-wrking. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。【答案】 (4)Mr. James (5)a friend f my brthers’ (6)peple
2.(P53)Human life n this planet has been transfrmed int a “glbal village”,with all the different cuntries linked in the chain f cmmn interests. 【翻译】人类在这个星球上的生活已经被转变成了“地球村”,所有不同的国家都因共同利益而紧紧联系了在一起。【句式剖析】过去分词短语“linked in the chain f cmmn interests”在句子中作定语,修饰前面的名词短语“different cuntries”。
【句式提升】过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征,可以在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。(1)过去分词短语,作定语修饰名词时,一般放在名词后面,作后置定语。与前面的名词之间,构成被动关系,或表示完成。
The pian used at the cncert is made in France. 在音乐会上用的这架钢琴是在法国制造的。The stry written by a middle schl student is very ppular. 由一名中学生写的这个故事很流行。
(2)单个过去分词作定语:可放在名词前面,有时候也可以放后面。an hnured guest 一位受尊敬的客人a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 All the brken windws have been repaired. 所有坏了的窗户都已经修好了。The grund is cvered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。
(3)过去分词作定语与所修饰词之间存在两种意义关系:一是及物动词表示被动意义(或已完成的被动动作);二是不及物动词表示完成意义。①表示被动和完成the brken glass打碎了的杯子②只表示完成不表示被动fallen leaves落叶
(4)过去分词、动词不定式的被动式和v. -ing形式的被动形式都可作定语,但表示的时间概念不同。过去分词表示已经完成的行为,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用;v. -ing形式的被动式表示正在进行的被动行为,可以和 nw 连用;动词不定式的被动式往往表示即将进行的行为,可以和表示将来的时间状语连用。
请仔细琢磨下面这个例子:He argued that liberal refrms intrduced by the American ccupatin authrities after Wrld War II had weakened “the Japanese mrality f respect fr parents”.他认为(二战后由美国当局引进的)自由改革已经削弱了“日本人(尊敬父母)的道德观”。
①句子主干:He argued that…(主语+谓语+that引导的宾语从句);意思是:他认为……②宾语从句中,主干:liberal refrms(…)had weakened “the Japanese mrality f…”;意思是:自由改革已经削弱了“日本人……的道德观”。③修饰成分:intrduced by the American ccupatin authrities after Wrld War IIintrduced by…是过去分词短语,作后置定语,修饰前面的名词refrms;意思是:二战后被美国当局引进的。
【针对练习】完成句子(1)China is nt ________________. 中国还不是发达国家。(2)______________ are nw being taken gd care f in the hspital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 【答案】(1)a develped cuntry (2)The injured wrkers
(3)They are cleaning ______________ in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 (4)______________ at yesterday’s meeting is very imprtant. 昨天会上讨论的问题很重要。【答案】(3)the fallen leaves (4)The prblem discussed
(5)There has been __________ since I left Harbin tw years ag. 自从我两年前离开后,哈尔滨一直没有什么变化。(6)Last Mnday ur class went n ______________ t a frest t study the wildlife. 上星期一,我们班进行了一次有组织的旅行,到森林里去研究野生动植物。【答案】(5)nthing changed (6)an rganized trip
一、课文语法填空If yu had t chse the single mst imprtant discvery f the 20th century, yu wuld have a real prblem n yur hands. In just 100 years, the wrld has changed 1.______(cmplete).Amazing discveries 2.______(make)in medicine, cmmunicatins and transprt, nt t mentin ur knwledge f the wrld and space. 【答案】1.cmpletely 2.were made
Medical advances 3.______(range)frm discvering the causes f 4.______(disease)under micrscpes t staging peratins t replace diseased rgans with 5.______(dnate)nes. Cmmunicatins changed 6.______ the intrductin f mbile phnes, 7.______ the way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending instant messages. 【答案】3.ranged 4.diseases 5.dnated 6.with 7.and
We started 8.______ (fly)arund the wrld, launching satellites int rbit and, at the same time, scientists figured ut 9.______ t split the atm, previusly thught t be 10.______ smallest particle f matter in the universe.
【答案】8.flying 9.hw 10.the
二、完成句子1.It’s a busy day, and yu’re inundated by nn-stp emails, text messages, phne calls, _____________ requests, ntificatins, interruptins f all kinds. 这是繁忙的一天,你被淹没在无休无止的电子邮件、短信、电话、即时信息要求、通知和各种各样的打断中。【答案】1.instant messages
2.If all ges _____________ the plan, the first cncert will be n Tuesday evening. 如果一切按照计划进行,首场音乐会将是在周二晚上。3.Fr lvers f the great utdrs, activities _____________ caneing ________ bird watching. 对于户外活动的爱好者们来说,有从划船到观鸟的各种活动。【答案】2.accrding t 3.range frm; t
4.The fall f the Berlin Wall symblised the end f ________ __________ between East and West. 柏林墙的倒塌象征着东西方冷战的结束。5.This cnference ______________ the research f enterprises fr the ecdevelpment f enterprises. 本次会议将致力于企业研究,以促进企业的生态发展。【答案】4.the Cld War 5.will be dedicated t
【例句观察】1.The meal is very delicius. 这顿饭很可口。2.She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。3.This can make life difficult. 这让生活很困难。
【我的领悟】在以上每个句子中都含有形容词,且在句子中担任一定的句子成分。在句1中,delicius作____________;在句2中,beautiful作____________;在句3中,difficult作____________。Keys: 表语;定语;宾语补足语
一、定义形容词是说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词,在句子中主要作名词的装饰语。形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前,并且多数形容词具有比较等级。
二、分类1.描述形容词 表示名词的性质、颜色、大小和状态等的形容词。He bught sme new bks. 他买了一些新书。These bks are new. 这些书是新的。She wrte the letter with blue ink. 她用蓝墨水写了那封信。The ink is blue. 这些墨水是蓝色的。
2.物质形容词 由物质名词充当或物质名词转换而成的形容词。This glass dish lks very fragile. 这个玻璃盘子看起来很容易碎。
3.数量形容词(1)不定数量形容词:不定代词之后接名词时即成为不定数量形容词。We gt there withut any truble. 我们顺利到达那里。We’ll see sme friends tmrrw. 我们明天将去看一些朋友。
(2)数词。A square has fur crners. 正方形有4个角。Please accent the first syllable. 请重读第一个音节。(3)倍数词。The river is half a mile acrss. 江面宽半英里。They bught a duble bed. 他们买了一张双人床。
4.专有形容词 由专有名词转换而成的形容词,如地名、国名等。He is a Chinese ambassadr. 他是中国的大使。5.物主形容词 包括人称代词的所有格(形容词性物主代词)和名词的所有格。My rm is just abve. 我的房间就在楼上。Acquaint him with yur plans. 把你的计划告诉他。
6.指示形容词 指示代词this,that,these,thse之后接名词或ne/nes,成为指示形容词。This bk f Je is very amusing. 乔的这本书非常有趣。I dislike man f that type. 我不喜欢那一类型的人。
7.疑问形容词 疑问代词which,whse,what之后接名词或代词,成为疑问形容词。Whse bike is it? 这是谁的自行车?What bks have yu read n this subject?你读过哪些关于这方面的书?
8.关系形容词 关系代词which,whse,what之后接名词,成为关系形容词。The men whse names were called left the rm. 那些被叫到名字的人离开了房间。D yu give her what mney yu had?你把你所有的钱都给了她吗?
三、作用形容词在句中可作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。1.作定语 形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词前面,称为前置定语,被修饰的名词可称为主体词。The cmpany is in a difficult situatin. 这家公司正处于困难的境地。She is a gd student,and she wrks hard. 她是一个好学生,她努力学习。
2.作表语 同名词一样,形容词也可以用在系动词后面作表语,修饰主语或说明主语的情况。This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。I am srry. I’m busy nw. 对不起,我现在忙。3.作主语补足语 说明主语所处的状态或其原因。He spent seven days in the wind and snw,cld and hungry. 他又冷又饿,在风雪中过了7天。
4.作宾语补足语We must keep ur classrm clean. 我们必须保持教室整洁。We fund the film quite instructive. 我们发现那部电影很有教育意义。
5.与定冠词the连用作主语或宾语这有一定的限制,主要是指“定冠词+某些形容词”,表示一类人或事物,这种形容词已名词化。(1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数形式连用。the pr, the dead, the living, the rich, the blind, the hungry等。The pr are lsing hpe. 穷人们丧失希望。
(2)某些形容词加上定冠词(the true,the false,the beautiful等)可以表示抽象事物,与谓语动词的单数形式连用。The gd is what peple like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。(3)有关国家和民族的形容词前面加上定冠词(the British,the English,the Chinese等)指这个民族的整体,与谓语动词的复数形式连用。The English have wnderful sense f humur. 英国人很有幽默感。
四、在句中的位置1.形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。
2.形容词在名词后面的几种情形:(1)修饰不定代词smething,anything,everything,nthing等;(2)后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后;
(3)少数形容词,如enugh和pssible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后;(4)有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。the writer present 出席的作者 the present writer 现在的作者
3.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the bk easy t read. 这是一本容易读的书。4.用 and 或 r 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面,起进一步解释的作用。
Everybdy, man and wman,the ld and the yung, shuld attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。Yu can take any bx away, big r small. 这些箱子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。
五、排序在英语学习中,好多时候是多个形容词修饰一个名词,这些形容词之间的先后顺序如何记忆有如下方法:OPSHACOM:1.OP—pinin评述性词。如beautiful,wnderful,expensive,terrible,hrrible,lvely,silly,ugly等。2.SH—size &shape表示大小、形状的词。如 lng,shrt,rund,square等。
3.A—age表示新旧的词。如new,ld等。4.C—clur表示颜色的词。如red,black,purple,brwn,yellw等。5.O—rigin表示产地的词。如Italian,Spanish,Canadian,Australian,Japanese6.M—material表示材料的词。如leather,glass,rubber,metal,silk,plastic等。按此顺序,“一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夹克”的英语表示为:a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。
口诀法:“美小圆旧黄,法国木书房”。注:“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词;“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词;“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词;“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词;“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词;“法国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词;“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词;“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词;“房”代表“中心名词”。
再看下面几个例子:tw beautiful new green silk evening dress两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩an ld large brick dining hall一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅
口诀法:“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。”其中,“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定词有all,half,bth,分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。
如:bth my hands,all half his incme等。“描绘性”形容词如:beautiful,bad,cld,great等。“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示“形状”的形容词如:rund square等。“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。表示“材料”的形容词如:wden, wlen, stne,silk等。表示“作用类别”的形容词如:medical, cllege,writing desk,plice car等。
熟记规则:大小形状和新老,颜色国籍出(处)材料。多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的,其顺序为: ①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一般性描绘形容词+④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用途、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词。如:
a beautiful little red flwer 一朵美丽的小花 thse fur ld-lking grey wden huses那四栋很久的灰色木屋a big rund red wden Chinese table一张中式木制红色的大的圆桌子
六、其他1.以-ly结尾的形容词 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lvely,lnely,likely,lively,ugly,brtherly仍为形容词。Her singing was lvely. He spke t me in a very friendly way.
2.有些以-ly 结尾的词如daily,weekly,mnthly,yearly,early既为形容词,也为副词。The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.
3.以a-开头的形容词只能作表语或补足语,不能作定语。这类形容词有alike, alive, alne, afraid, ashamed, able, awake等。The twins are very much alike. 这对双胞胎非常像。The little by was left alne. 这小男孩被独自留下了。The little girl has fallen asleep. 这小女孩已经睡着了。
一、单项选择( )1.Tny is ging camping with ________ bys. A.little tw therB.tw little ther C.ther tw littleD.little ther tw( )2.One day they crssed the ________ bridge behind the palace. A.ld Chinese stneB.Chinese ld stneC.ld stne ChineseD.Chinese stne ld【答案】1—2 CA
( )3.—Hw was yur recent visit t Qingda?—It was great. We visited sme friends,and spent the ________ days at the seaside. A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC.last sunny fewD.few sunny last【答案】B
二、完成句子4.I have _____________ t tell yu. 我有重要的事要告诉你。5.Is there _____________ in the film?电影里有什么有趣的内容吗?6.There is _____________ here. 这儿一点都不危险。【答案】4.smething imprtant5.anything interesting 6.nthing dangerus
一、单词拼写1.Sme ________(科学) discveries have been used t create weapns f destructin. 2.This has led cmpanies and individuals t ________(捐赠)mney t develping cuntries t buy cmputer equipment and Internet facilities. 3.I demand an ________(立刻的) explanatin. 【答案】1.scientific 2.dnate 3.instant
4.The play was ___(随后) made int the 1983 film “Bullsht”.5.His ________(持续不断的) criticism ate away at her self-cnfidence. 6.Mst blind peple, even if they dn’t have any sight, are still able t ________(察觉) light. 7.Every bank pays clse attentin t the speed and ________ (准确性) f its tellers. 【答案】4.subsequently 5.cnstant 6.perceive 7.accuracy
二、单句语法填空1.I admired him as a true __________(scientific)and hard wrker. 2.The amunt f the __________(dnate)tk us cmpletely by surprise. 【答案】1.scientist 2.dnatin
3.By means f mdern technlgy we are able t cmmunicate with each ther_________ (instant).4.The directin f the wind is __________ (cnstant) changing. 5.We require grammar and spelling t be __________ (accuracy).【答案】3.instantly 4.cnstantly 5.accurate
三、完成句子1.N matter what yu d r where yu live, the quality f yur attitude determines the quality f yur relatinships— _______________ just abut everything else in yur life. 不论你的职业是什么,也不论你居住在哪,你的主观态度决定了你的人际关系的好坏——更不用提你生命中的其他的事了。【答案】1.nt t mentin
2.They’re trying t__________ the plitics f this whle situatin. 他们正试图弄明白整个形势的利害关系。3.Three hundred millin dllars will __________________ enugh. 3亿美元根本不够。【答案】2.figure ut 3.be nthing like
4._____________ peple spke in supprt f the prpsal. 只有几个人表示支持这一提议。 5.Yu wuld take things as they came. All yu had t d was think a little harder and _______________ a new slutin. 既来之,则安之。你必须多动脑子,想出个新的解决方法来。【答案】4.Only a few 5.cme up with
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