湖南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考试卷（一）英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份湖南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考试卷（一）英语试卷（Word版附解析），共28页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
湖南师大附中2023届高三月考试卷（一）
英语
本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分，共10页。
时量120分钟。 满分150分。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we know about the speakers?
A. They are at a store.
B. They are traveling somewhere.
C. They are on the way home.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I forgot my toothpaste at home. Can we find a store on the way to the hotel?
M: Why not just use the toothpaste that the hotel provides?
W: Theirs always have bad flavor and it makes me feel unclean. I just use a certain brand.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A In a library. B. In a cafe. C. In a computer room.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I need to find a good place to read. I thought the library would be better than a café, but it’s too noisy here.
M: Try the computer room. There are some comfortable chairs, and no one talks because they’re working on projects.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why does old Peter need help?
A. He had a cold. B. He is too old. C. He got hurt.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Old Peter next door fell on the last step of the stair yesterday. You should go over and ask if we can get his groceries every week.
W: I’ll call after I pack up this soup for him. It will help him get better.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Tom’s work. B. Tom’s fashion. C. Tom’s health.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Tom has been feeling down lately because his hair has started to become thinner.
M: I know. I saw him yesterday and he couldn’t stop trying to style it during the dinner.
W: I think he just needs to relax...
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the taxi arrive?
A. In 10 minutes. B. Right now. C. In half an hour.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Did you call a taxi? You have to order them in advance. The last time I tried to get one, it took 30 minutes.
W: I just did. It will pick us up in 10 minutes. So, hurry up and get ready!
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. What does the man think of the woman’s new clothes?
A. They are a great deal. B. They are too expensive. C. They are fashionable.
7. What did the woman buy yesterday?
A. Some shorts. B. A hat. C. Some shoes.
【答案】6. B 7. A
【解析】
【原文】W: What do you think of my new clothes? Everything was on sale at the store yesterday, so I got a great deal.
M: You look really good. Did you pay a lot for them?
W: They were about $300 in total. It was worth it.
M: That’s too much money for just a top and some shorts. Did the hat and shoes add to that price as well?
W: No. I bought the hat and shoes a long time ago.
M: I never spend that much on clothes. My most expensive piece of clothing is a jacket that I got on sale.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. What is the matter with the woman’s computer?
A. The screen is broken down.
B. The screen isn’t as bright as it was.
C. The keyboard is no longer reliable.
9. What does the man offer to do for the woman?
A. Lend her his computer. B. Buy her a new computer. C. Repair her computer.
【答案】8. C 9. A
【解析】
【原文】W: My laptop is causing trouble for me, Mark. I think I need a new one.
M: Are you still using that Microsoft Surface? I’m surprised it has lasted for three years! At least you didn’t buy an Apple. So, have you finally broken the screen?
W: No. I don’t drop it anymore. I always use it on a table.
M: Well, is the screen losing its brightness? I heard that could be a problem with those thin computers.
W: No. The keyboard doesn’t work half of the time. I think it’s a software problem, but I don’t know how to fix it. I can’t take it to be repaired for free, either.
M: You can use my laptop. I hardly touch it, and the keyboard doesn’t come apart from the screen like yours does. Besides, IBM makes better computers, in my experience.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Parent and child. C. Friends.
11. How does the man feel about working for his uncle?
A. It is interesting. B. It is beneficial. C. It is unimportant.
12. What does the woman suggest the man do with his decision?
A. Picture how each choice feels. B. Talk to his family later. C. Practise more.
【答案】10. C 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Laura. What do you think I should do over summer holiday? I have so many choices. I could work for my uncle, make a study tour to improve my Spanish, or practice the guitar for hours a day.
W: I heard you playing the other day. You do need more practice. But how do you feel about each of those?
M: I don’t know. They all have their good points and bad points. The work is boring, but helping family and gaining work experience are important. The study tour would take me to places I haven’t been. Maybe I’ll figure out if I want to study abroad later. As for guitar, well, you said it all already.
W: When I have many choices, I usually imagine what would happen if I said yes to each one. Start with one, and really imagine how you would feel if you did that. Then take a few deep breaths, and repeat that for the other choices.
M: OK, I’ll try that right after I play the guitar tonight.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13. What is the woman?
A. A novelist. B. An editor. C. A publisher.
14. What kind of book is the woman working on?
A. A mystery novel. B. A biography. C. A science fiction.
15. Where is the emperor in the book from?
A. Asia. B. Europe. C. America.
16. How long has the woman been working on the book?
A. Around one month. B. About four months. C. At least eight months.
【答案】13. B 14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】M: What have you been so busy with lately, Maria? I never see you anymore.
W: My publisher just gave me a huge assignment. I have to have this new work finished by the end of this month.
M: I didn’t know you were a writer. What kind of book are you writing?
W: I don’t technically write it. I just review the written material and make changes to it so there aren’t any errors.
M: I see. That sounds like it takes a long time.
W: Sometimes. This one is hard because it is non-fiction. It is the life story of an eastern emperor that lived hundreds of years ago. The fact checking is what takes up all the time.
M: I can imagine.
W: Not only that, but there are different histories about the man from European and North American scholars. It isn’t easy to figure out what is true, and what is just someone’s opinion.
M: How long has it already taken you?
W: I can usually finish books like these in four months, but this one has taken me twice as long. There is a lot of information in it, and it is a very important work, so I want to do a good job.
M: Well, let me know when you are done. I’d love to read it.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. What happened to boats and ships in the Bermuda Triangle?
A. They caught fire without reason.
B. They crashed into each other.
C. They disappeared.
18. Who mentioned the Bermuda Triangle for the first time?
A. A famous explorer. B. A popular writer. C. A well-known reporter.
19. When did the Bermuda Triangle become a popular story?
A. In the 15th century. B. In the 20th century. C. In the 17th century.
20. What does the speaker say about the Bermuda Triangle?
A. All of the reports on it are untrue.
B. It is a dangerous area in the ocean.
C. It is completely safe at the moment.
【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. B
【解析】
【原文】 There are plenty of mysteries of this planet. One of them that have been explained, however, is the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle. The Bermuda Triangle is an area between three points in the Atlantic Ocean that create a triangle. It has been said that throughout history, many ships and boats have gone missing there, never to be found again. It was first mentioned by a famous explorer in the 1400s, who said he saw a “great ball of fire” in the ocean. It was again referred to by the famous writer Shakespeare in the 1600s, in one of his books. But it didn’t become a popular story until 1918, when an American ship disappeared in the area with 300 men on board. So why have there been all these reports of missing planes and ships? Luckily, today we know the real answer. First, the area is well-known for stormy waters and bad weather. Second, many inexperienced sailors have gotten lost because of poor sailing equipment and the lack of fuel. And finally, accidents are common in the sea. In fact, there are just as many accidents in other parts of the ocean as there are in the Bermuda Triangle. So, if you are planning to take a boat ride through the area, just make sure to be safe!
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
We hope you had a memorable year in residence! Students must move out of their residence hall within 24 hours of their last exam. Please read the following information carefully to ensure a smooth move-out.
Prepare for Move-out Inspection
Housing staff will conduct move-out inspections. Charges may be assessed for any cleaning, missing items or damages (beyond normal wear and tear) that were not reported at move-in.
Prepare your room for the inspection by following the items below.
● Remove all personal belongings you may have brought in.
● Remove all trash.
● Vacuum or sweep the floor, including underneath the beds.
● Restore your room to its initial condition at check-in (including furniture set-up).
Forward Your Mail
Once you have moved out, Housing Services will no longer be taking mail on your behalf. Please empty your mailbox and update your mailing address prior to your departure. Failure to update a forwarding address will result in mail being returned to sender.
Check Out and Return Your Keys
On move-out day, students are limited to two people to help them move out. They may park in residential parking zones with a temporary move-out loading permit.
Residents must return all keys to the Housing Services Office drop box. Do not leave your keys in your room or rely on your friend to return them for you. Delays caused by doing so will result in additional costs.
21. Which section of a website is this text probably taken from?
A. Financial aid. B. Academic advising.
C. Campus living. D. Recreation facilities.
22. What will happen to the mail when you fail to update your address?
A It will be dropped in your former mailbox.
B. It will be forwarded to your new address.
C. It will be held by the Housing Services.
D. It will be sent back to the sender.
23. Which of the following conduct will be charged?
A. Putting fair wear and tear on furniture. B. Forgetting to pause mail delivery.
C. Parking licensed vehicles for loading. D. Handing the room keys back late.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了学生在学年结束后搬离宿舍时的三大注意事项：准备迎接退房检查、更新邮件地址、退房及归还钥匙。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段及三个小标题“Prepare for Move-out Inspection(准备搬迁检查)”，“Forward Your Mail(转发你的邮件)”和“Check Out and Return Your Keys(退房并归还钥匙)”下的内容可知，本文是对学生在学年结束后搬离宿舍时的注意事项的详细介绍。由此可知，这段文字可能来自网站的校园生活部分。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二个小标题“Forward Your Mail(转发你的邮件)”下最后一句话“Failure to update a forwarding address will result in mail being returned to sender.(更新转发地址失败将导致邮件被退回发件人)”可知，当你未能更新你的地址时，邮件将被发送回发件人。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三个小标题“Check Out and Return Your Keys(退房并归还钥匙)”下最后一句话“Delays caused by doing so will result in additional costs.(这样做造成的延误将导致额外的费用)”可知，未按时归还钥匙将导致额外费用的产生。故选D。
B
As 17-year-old Norwood drove through St. Peters-burg, Florida, last February, the laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams. As they approached a crossing, another car T-boned them, sending their car sailing into the yard of a nearby home, coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the other car a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” Shaken, but otherwise OK, she crawled (爬行) out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to free themselves, she ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back to the car and found Simmons passed out in the back seat. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best she could. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse.” Nothing.“I put my head against her chest.” No sign of life. “That’s when I started CPR (心肺复苏术).”
Had the accident happened a few weeks earlier, she might not have known what to do. But Norwood, who wants to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate just the day before. Kneeling on the lawn and looking down at her dying friend, Norwood knew she had precious little time to practice what she’d learned. She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No response. And then, after the 30th try, Simmons began coughing and gasping for air. The CPR had worked! Soon, the ambulance arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she received treatment for a cut in her forehead. And then she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t shocked,” Simmons told CNN. “She will always help any way she can.”
24. What happened to Norwood’s car in Florida last February?
A. It lost its way at a crossing.
B. It crashed into a nearby building.
C. It was hit by another car from the side.
D. It stopped in St. Peters- burg as planned.
25. Why did Norwood go back to the car?
A. To call for help. B. To check the car.
C. To put out the fire. D. To rescue her friend.
26. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Norwood was a certificated on- the- job doctor.
B. Simmons didn’t came to herself after the CPR.
C. Norwood learned how to perform CPR recently.
D. Simmons was surprised to be saved by Norwood.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Norwood?
A. Calm and dependable. B. Friendly and selfless.
C. Honest and responsible. D. Helpful and sympathetic.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了17岁的女孩诺伍德是如何在一场车祸中用自己所学的心肺复苏术拯救好朋友西蒙斯的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As they approached a crossing, another car T-boned them, sending their car sailing into the yard of a nearby home, coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree.(当她们接近一个十字路口时，另一辆汽车撞上了她们，把她们的车撞到了附近一户人家的院子里，直到撞到一棵树上才停了下来)”可知，诺伍德的车去年2月在佛罗里达州被另一辆车从侧面撞了。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back to the car and found Simmons passed out in the back seat.(但是走到半路，她意识到她最好的朋友西蒙斯没有和她们在一起。诺伍德跑回车里，发现西蒙斯昏倒在后座上)”可知，诺伍德回到车里去救她的朋友。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But Norwood, who wants to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate just the day before.(但是诺伍德想从事医学事业，她在前一天刚刚获得了心肺复苏证书)”可知，诺伍德最近学习了如何进行心肺复苏。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段诺伍德实施救助的过程可以看出，她是非常沉着冷静的。另外，从最后一段好友西蒙斯的描述“She will always help any way she can.(她总是尽她所能帮忙)”中也可以推断，她是一位非常可靠的朋友。故选A。
C
Generation Z is different. As a whole, Americans born between the late 1990s and early 2000s are less likely to have work or look for it: their labour- force-participation rate is 71%, compared with 75% for millennials (born between 1980 and the late 1990s) and 78% for Generation X (born in the decade or so to 1980) when each came of age. As a result, they make up a smaller share of the workforce. With graduation ceremonies behind them, the latest group of diploma-holders are entering the job market. What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past.
Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities. The benefits go beyond working in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks (吊床) in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.
This has big implications. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are falling out of favour with recent graduates. A study by ManpowerGroup, an employment company, suggests an inverse relationship (反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies. The sectors which are either less able to offer remote work or have been slower to embrace it- including construction, finance and manufacturing-have faced some of the biggest skills gaps for all types of job.
That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley. Now technology bosses are more willing than their opposite numbers in finance to let employees work from home (or anywhere else). Annual rankings of employer desirability by Universum, a graduate-staffing consultancy, bear this out. In 2008 the list of best employers graded by American graduates was dominated by big banks and the Big Four consulting firms. By 2021 seven of the ten highest spots were occupied by tech and media giants.
28. What does the underlined word “diploma-holders" in the first paragraph refer to?
A. Employees. B. Students.
C. Graduates. D. Shareholders.
29. Why do Gen-Z employees prefer work remotely?
A. They want more holidays on the beach.
B. They love wearing pyjamas while working.
C. They want to work in a more flexible way.
D. They can’t afford the residents in big cities.
30. What does the study by ManpowerGroup suggest?
A. All walks of life are facing some of the biggest skills gaps.
B. Construction, finance and manufacturing can’t offer remote work.
C. Industries with flexible working policies may suffer talent shortages.
D. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are less popular.
31. Why does the author mention Wall Street and Silicon Valley?
A. To weigh up the pros and cons of the two industries.
B. To prove industries in technology are more appealing.
C. To predict the change of preference among employees.
D. To show Silicon Valley is a better place to settle down.
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Z世代（也称为“互联网世代”，通常是指1995年至2009年出生的一代人）毕业生对就业需求的变化，他们更青睐能够让他们在家灵活办公的科技公司。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词前半句“With graduation ceremonies behind them, (随着毕业典礼的结束，)”可知，随着毕业典礼的结束，最新一批文凭持有者正在进入就业市场。可以推出，diploma-holders指的是那些参加完毕业典礼，准备进入就业市场的毕业生。这与diploma-holder“毕业文凭持有者”的字面意思也相符。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities. The benefits go beyond working in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks (吊床) in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.(尽管在疫情开始时，Z世代的员工比年长的同事更感到孤独和孤立，但远程工作的能力带来了新的可能性。这样做的好处不仅仅是穿着睡衣工作。许多人在更舒适的地方坐在沙滩椅和吊床上接听电话，或者逃离大城市，寻找更便宜或更大的房子。)”可知，远程办公带来了很多新的可能性。其中的好处不仅仅是可以居家工作，许多人还可以在更闲适的地方处理工作电话，或者在大城市以外的地方找到更便宜或更宽敞的房子。这些都是一种更为灵活的工作方式。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“A study by ManpowerGroup, an employment company, suggests an inverse relationship (反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies.(招聘公司ManpowerGroup的研究表明，人才短缺程度和就业政策的灵活性之间成反比关系。)”可推断，很难实现远程办公或者对远程办公接受较慢的行业，其各种岗位都或多或少存在着重大技能人才短缺的问题。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley. (这反过来又加速了年轻员工从华尔街转投硅谷的趋势。)”可知，上一段提到的人才短缺问题，反过来又加速了年轻求职者从美国金融中心华尔街转投高科技事业云集的硅谷的既有倾向。可见科技产业更加受欢迎。故选B。
D
Have you ever had the urge to open a book and stick your nose straight into the pages? The smell of old books can refresh any book lovers. We don’t know why, but it is just pleasant to us.
Describing the smell can be a challenge. And mere adjectives will likely be of little use to future generations of historians trying to document, understand or reproduce the scent of slowly decaying books. Now, that task may have just gotten easier thanks to the Historic Book Odor Wheel.
In one experiment, researchers asked visitors at the historic library to characterize the scents they smelled. All the visitors selected words like “woody”, “smoky” and “earthy” from the list, and described the smell’s intensity and perceived pleasantness. In another experiment, the study authors presented visitors to the Birmingham Museum with eight smells-one of which was an unlabeled historic book scent and seven were non-bookish, such as coffee, chocolate, fish market and dirty clothes. The researchers then had those museumgoers describe the historic book smell. The top two responses? Chocolate and coffee.“You tend to use familiar associations to describe smells when they are unlabeled,” study author Cecilia Bembibre says.
The team even analyzed the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the book and the library. Using the data from the chemical analysis and visitors’ smell descriptions, the researchers created the Historic Book Odor Wheel to document the “historic library smell”. Main categories, such as “sweet/spicy”, fill the inner circle of the wheel; descriptors, such as “chocolate/ cream”, fill the middle; and the chemical compounds likely to be the smelly source, like furfural, fill the outer circle. The researchers want the book odor wheel to be a tool that “untrained noses” can use to identify smells and the compounds causing them, which could address conservators’ concerns about material composition and historic paper conservation. And hopefully, smells of the past can be reproduced in the lab someday and museums and historians can use it to reconstruct a past we can no longer smell.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A Addiction to reading books. B. Fascination for smells of books.
C. An odd reading habit. D. A dislike for smelling books.
33. How do people usually describe unlabeled smells?
A. By referring to familiar items. B. By using adjectives to label them.
C. By linking them with food smells. D. By analyzing chemical components.
34. What is the function of the “Historic Book Odor Wheel”?
A. To store book smells. B. To characterize smells.
C. To collect history books. D. To test different scents.
35. What is the potential future application of the study?
A. Creating a whole new scent.
B. Sharpening sensory perceptions.
C. Restoring smells of historic documents.
D. Extracting components of “old book smell”.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种用于记录旧书气味的“气味轮”的诞生。研究人员通过在博物馆和图书馆组织游客进行气味感官描述，并开展化学分析，创建了历史书籍气味轮来记录“历史图书馆的气味”。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you ever had the urge to open a book and stick your nose straight into the pages? The smell of old books can refresh any book lovers. We don’t know why, but it is just pleasant to us.(你是否曾经有过一种冲动，想打开一本书，把鼻子直接贴在书页上？旧书的味道能使任何书迷精神焕发。我们不知道为什么，但它只是让我们愉快)”可知，第一段描述了我们对书籍气味的迷恋。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话““You tend to use familiar associations to describe smells when they are unlabeled,” study author Cecilia Bembibre says.(“当没有标签的气味时，你倾向于使用熟悉的联想来描述它们，”研究作者Cecilia Bembibre说)”及第三段全段对于实验过程的描述可知，人们在描述未知气味时，倾向于使用熟悉的事物来展开联想。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Using the data from the chemical analysis and visitors’ smell descriptions, the researchers created the Historic Book Odor Wheel to document the “historic library smell”. Main categories, such as “sweet/spicy”, fill the inner circle of the wheel; descriptors, such as “chocolate/ cream”, fill the middle; and the chemical compounds likely to be the smelly source, like furfural, fill the outer circle.(利用来自化学分析和游客气味描述的数据，研究人员创建了“历史图书气味轮”来记录“历史图书馆的气味”。主要类别，如“甜/辣”，填满了轮子的内圆；描述词，如“巧克力/奶油”，填满了中间；而可能是气味来源的化合物，如糠醛，则填满了外层)”可知，“历史图书气味轮”的功能应是描述气味。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers want the book odor wheel to be a tool that “untrained noses” can use to identify smells and the compounds causing them, which could address conservators’ concerns about material composition and historic paper conservation. And hopefully, smells of the past can be reproduced in the lab someday and museums and historians can use it to reconstruct a past we can no longer smell. (研究人员希望书的气味轮能成为一种工具，“未经训练的鼻子”可以用来识别气味和引起气味的化合物，这可以解决文物保护人员对材料组成和历史文献保护的担忧。希望有一天，过去的气味可以在实验室里重现，博物馆和历史学家可以用它来重建我们再也闻不到的过去)”可知，研究者们未来有望利用气味轮来保护历史材料文献、重现过去的气味。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why do women always feel cold?
The “correct” temperature to be set often forms the basis of office arguments between women and men. Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences. ____36____ Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women “feel the cold ”more than men?
Biological differences between men and women
At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat. ____37____Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).
Women also tend to have a lower metabolic rate than men, which reduces heat production capacity during cold exposure, making women more likely to feel cold as the temperature drops.
Hormonal differences
The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素) are found in large quantities in women. ___38___ Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.
Is it just humans?
____39____ Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages. Therefore, the difference between heat- sensing mechanisms may provide an evolutionary advantage.
So how do we agree on the ideal temperature?
In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs. ____40____ These systems provide individualized thermal comfort to meet personal needs without affecting others in the same space.
A. The skin is the first line of defence.
B They contribute to the core body and skin temperatures.
C. Animals have the same system to regulate body temperature.
D. They also have more fat between the skin and the muscles.
E. The preference for warmer temperatures isn’t unique to humans.
F. Examples include desk fans, heated chairs or foot warmers.
G. Researches show women prefer a higher temperature to men, however.
【答案】36. G 37. D 38. B 39. E 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章解释了女性比男性更能“感受到寒冷”的原因，这种现象也存在于动物界，最后文章也提到了解决办法。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Between the sexes, there are always more similarities than differences.(两性之间的相似点总是多于不同点)”可知，两性之间的相似处点多于差异，下文“Is there any science backing up the widespread belief that women ‘feel the cold’ more than men?(人们普遍认为女性比男性更能‘感受到寒冷’，这一观点有科学依据吗?)”提到两性对温度的感知差异，故G项“然而，研究表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的温度”符合语境，说明女性确实在室温的喜好上与男性有差异，与上文形成转折关系，且开启下文。故选G项。
【37题详解】
根据本段主题句“Biological differences between men and women(男女之间的生理差异)”可知，此段分析女性的生理机制与男性的差异性而导致她们更怕冷，根据上文“At around the same body weight, women tend to have less muscle to generate heat.(在体重大致相同的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少)”及下文“Thus, the skin feels colder, as it’s slightly further away from blood vessels(血管).(因此，皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管略远)”推知，空处内容也和皮肤及肌肉有关，D项“她们的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪”最恰当，选项中的they指代上文提到的women。故选D项。
【38题详解】
通过后文“Oestrogen enlarges blood vessels at the extremities, meaning more heat can be lost to the surrounding air. And progestcrone can cause the vessels in the skin to tighten, meaning less blood will flow to keep the internal organs warmer, leaving women feeling cooler.(雌激素会使四肢的血管扩张，这意味着更多的热量会流失到周围的空气中。黄体素会导致皮肤中的血管紧致，这意味着更少的血液流动来保持内部器官的温度，让女性感觉更凉爽)”对这两种物质“The hormones oestrogen (雌激素) and progesterone (黄体素)”的作用进行的分析可知，这两种物质主要是调节身体器官和皮肤的温度，B项“它们有助于提高身体核心和皮肤的温度”符合文意，引起下文，B项中的代词They指代上文的“The hormones oestrogen(雌激素) and progesterone(黄体素)”，故选B项。
【39题详解】
通过下一句“Studies on many species of birds and mammals report that males commonly gather in cooler areas where there is shade, while females and offspring stay in warmer environments where there is sunlight, as the young are unable to regulate their own body temperature during some stages.(对许多种类的鸟类和哺乳动物的研究报告称，雄性通常聚集在阴凉的凉爽地区，而雌性和后代则呆在阳光充足的温暖环境中，因为幼雏在某些阶段无法调节自己的体温)”提到动物界雄性喜欢更凉爽的地方而雌性喜欢更温暖的地方可知，两性之间对温度偏好的差异性不仅仅局限于人类身上，动物界也有相似的例子，E项“对温暖温度的偏好并非人类所独有”符合语境。故选E项。
【40题详解】
通过上一句“In the workplace, personal comfort systems are thermal systems that heat or cool and can be locally positioned in individual work stations such as desktops, chairs, or near the feet and legs.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是加热或冷却的热系统，可以局部放置在单独的工作站上，如桌面、椅子或脚和腿附近)”提到在办公场所可以根据个人需要放置取暖设备可知，空处接着举例说明可以用哪些设备，F项“例如桌扇、加热椅或暖脚器”符合语境，且呼应下一句中的“These systems”。故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Tackling behavioral problems at school is not easy, but Dr. Terrance Newton is doing that with a ____41____ effective solution.
In his first year as principal of Warner Elementary School, Newton has already seen a ____42____ change in his at-risk students. All it took was a few quality ____43____ and a pair of clippers.
Newton saw the ____44____ as soon as he started at the school. Bullying was ____45____ and students were constantly being ____46____. He believed the best way to solve this was to build positive relationships with students. So, he ____47____ to set up a barbershop at school. Having cut hair before, Newton ____48____ the barbershop could be a safe space for students to ____49____. And he was right- not only has he bonded with former _____50_____, but suspensions have dropped from 103 to 4 in the last year! Even better, bullying has all but stopped.
Kamisha Collins has seen the _____51_____ in her 11-year-old son, Brandon Ponzo. “In the beginning of the school year, my son started off really _____52_____ and was not getting along with Dr. Newton, but now they have built this _____53_____-he loves him very much,” Collins said.“Dr. Newton says positive things to them while cutting their hair. And my son’s behavior and grades have improved so much.”
What a brilliant idea not to mention a _____54_____ leader! A little love and care can make a big impact on _____55_____ kids.
41. A. suddenly B. similarly C. surprisingly D. hardly
42. A. great B. slight C. harmful D. risky
43. A. haircuts B. conversations C. performances D. services
44. A. fear B. problem C. project D. reason
45. A. out of place B. under control. C. under discussion D. out of hand
46. A. suspended B. criticized C. praised D. protected
47. A. decided B. preferred C. learned D. afforded
48. A. promised B. admitted C. rejected D. figured
49. A. calm down B. open up C. show up D. break down
50. A. classmates B. colleagues C. housekeepers D. troublemakers
51. A. increase B. encouragement C. difference D. difficulty
52. A. rough B. pleasant C. easy D. mild
53. A. barrier B. barbershop C. reputation D. bond
54. A. strict B. brave C. fantastic D. modest
55. A. appealing B. disappointing C. struggling D. lying
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了解决学校里的行为问题并不容易，但特伦斯·牛顿博士正在用一种惊人有效的方法解决这个问题。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：解决学校里的行为问题并不容易，但特伦斯·牛顿博士正在用一种惊人有效的方法解决这个问题。A. suddenly突然地；B. similarly相似地；C. surprisingly惊人地；D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“Tackling behavioral problems at school is not easy”说明解决问题不容易，以及此处的but转折故可推知，此处为但特伦斯·牛顿博士正在用一种惊人有效的方法解决这个问题。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在担任华纳小学校长的第一年，牛顿就已经看到了他那些有危险的学生的巨大变化。A. great巨大的；B. slight轻的；C. harmful有害的；D. risky冒险的。根据上文所说牛顿博士正在用一种惊人有效的方法解决这个问题，以及此处“change in his at-risk students”变化在危险学生上，故可推知，此处为看到学生巨大的变化。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：只需要几次高质量的谈话和一把剪刀。A. haircuts理发；B. conversations谈话；C. performances表演；D. services服务。根据下文“Newton says positive things to them while cutting their hair.”可知，此处为只需要几次高质量的谈话和一把剪刀。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：牛顿一到这所学校就发现了这个问题。A. fear害怕；B. problem问题；C. project项目；D. reason理由。根据下文“Bullying was ____5____ and students were constantly being.”可知，此处为牛顿一到这所学校就发现了这个问题。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：欺凌行为无法控制，学生经常被停学。A. out of place不在适当的位置；B. under control在控制下；C. under discussion在讨论中；D. out of hand失控。根据“but suspensions have dropped from 103 to 4 in the last year!”可知，在采取措施前欺凌已经无法控制。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：欺凌行为无法控制，学生经常被停学。A. suspended暂令停学；B. criticized批评；C. praised赞扬；D. protected保护。根据上文所说欺凌行为无法控制，故可推知，此处为学生经常被停学。且下文的“but suspensions have dropped from 103 to 4 in the last year!”也是提示。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，他决定在学校开一家理发店。A. decided决定；B. preferred更喜爱；C. learned学习；D. afforded提供。根据下文“Having cut hair before”之前剪过头发，故可推知，此处为他决定在学校开一家理发店。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：牛顿以前剪过头发，他认为理发店可以成为学生开放的安全空间。A. promised承诺；B. admitted承认；C. rejected拒绝；D. figured认为。根据“Having cut hair before”之前剪过头发以及下文“the barbershop could be a safe space for students to ____9____.”故可推知，此处为他认为理发店可以成为学生开放的安全空间。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：牛顿以前剪过头发，他认为理发店可以成为学生开放的安全空间。A. calm down冷静下来；B. open up打开，开发；C. show up出现；D. break down打破，坏掉。 根据上文所说欺凌行为无法控制推知，此处为他认为理发店可以成为学生开放的安全空间。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是对的——他不仅和以前的麻烦制造者建立了良好的关系，而且去年被停学的次数从103次降到了4次！A. classmates同学；B. colleagues同事；C. housekeepers管家；D. troublemakers麻烦制造者。根据上文所说欺凌行为以及“but suspensions have dropped…”可知，此处为他不仅和以前的麻烦制造者建立了良好的关系，而且去年被停学的次数从103次降到了4次！故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡米沙·柯林斯(Kamisha Collins)看到了她11岁儿子布兰登·庞佐(Brandon Ponzo)身上的变化。A. increase增加；B. encouragement鼓励；C. difference不同，变化；D. difficulty困难。根据下文“In the beginning of…”以及“but now they…”可知，此处为开始到现在的转变。故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在新学年开始的时候，我的儿子开始的时候非常不顺，他和牛顿博士相处得很不好，但现在他们建立了这种关系——他非常爱他，”柯林斯说。A. rough困难的；B. pleasant高兴的；C. easy简单的；D. mild温和的。根据and连接的“and was not getting along with Dr. Newton”可知，此处为在新学年开始的时候，斯克林儿子开始的时候非常不顺，他和牛顿博士相处得很不好。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“在新学年开始的时候，我的儿子开始的时候非常不顺，他和牛顿博士相处得很不好，但现在他们建立了这种关系——他非常爱他，”柯林斯说。A. barrier屏障；B. barbershop理发店；C. reputation名誉；D. bond联系，关系。根据“he loves him very much,”可知，此处为但现在他们建立了这种关系——他非常爱他。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多么聪明的想法，更不要说他是一个了不起的领导了！A. strict严厉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. fantastic了不起的；D. modest谦逊的。根据“What a brilliant idea”以及根据全文内容可知，这是对Dr. Terrance Newton赞扬。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一点点的爱和关心会对挣扎中的孩子产生很大的影响。A. appealing吸引人的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. struggling苦苦挣扎的；D. lying撒谎的。结合全文内容可知，爱和关心会对“苦苦挣扎的(struggling)”学生，即上文提到的制造麻烦的学生，产生大大的影响。故选C项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Chinese art history, Qi Baishi ranks ____56____ a towering figure. His unusual and playful style opened up a new vista in the imagery of traditional Chinese painting, and has left a rich legacy still widely ____57____ (recognize) in modern society.
Lifelike shrimps play a key role in Qi’s vast body of visual artworks. The “shrimps” are so popular ____58____ they have become synonymous with the painter himself. Unlike his predecessors, Qi Baishi painted shrimps in an impressionistic style with swift and definite brush strokes. He used different shades of ink ____59____ (model) the shrimp’s torso (躯干) and head. These shrimps are not just passive subject matter; rather they are asserting their presence.
Qi was an all-round artist. Born to a family of farmers in Hunan in 1864, he learned carpentry in his teens, and later taught ____60____ (he) the arts of painting, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting. The years spent in rural areas ____61____ (sow) in him a deep-rooted love of nature. During his youth, he traveled around the country to seek ____62____ (inspire) from nature while ____63____ (enthusiastic) studying the masterpieces of early Chinese painters. Qi settled in Beijing in 1919 and soon achieved wide fame in the Chinese capital. Qi Baishi opened ____64____ new window for the fine art world. He ______65______ (name) the “People’s Painter” and awarded the title of “People’s Artist” by China’s Ministry of Culture.
【答案】56. as 57. recognized
58. that 59. to model
60. himself
61. sowed 62. inspiration
63. enthusiastically
64. a 65. was named
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国著名画家齐白石。
【56题详解】
考查介词。句意：在中国美术史上，齐白石是一位举足轻重的人物。固定搭配rank as“被列为”。故填as。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他独特而俏皮的画风开辟了中国传统绘画意象的新视野，留下了丰富的遗产，至今仍为现代社会所广泛认可。此处修饰a rich legacy，与recognize是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填recognized。
【58题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：这些“虾”是如此受欢迎，以至于它们已经成为画家本人的同义词。分析句子结构可知，此处是so...that句型，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他用不同色调的墨水来展示虾的躯干和头部。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to model。
【60题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：他于1864年出生于湖南的一个农民家庭，十几岁时学习木工，后来自学绘画、诗歌、书法和篆刻艺术。此处表示“他（齐白石）自学”，应用反身代词。故填himself。
【61题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在农村生活的岁月在他心中播下了对自然根深蒂固的热爱。此处陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填sowed。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意：年轻时，他游历全国各地，在大自然中寻找灵感，同时热情地研究中国早期画家的杰作。此处作seek的宾语，应用名词inspiration，不可数。故填inspiration。
【63题详解】
考查副词。句意：年轻时，他游历全国各地，在大自然中寻找灵感，同时热情地研究中国早期画家的杰作。此处修饰动词studying，应用副词，作状语。故填enthusiastically。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：齐白石为美术界打开了一扇新的窗口。此处泛指“一扇新的窗口”，应用不定冠词，new是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
【65题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：他被中国文化部命名为“人民画家”并授予“人民艺术家”称号。name与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述的事情已经发生，应用一般过去时。故填was named。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是李华，你的好朋友Jim是高三学生。在最近的一次来信中Jim提到因为书写不够美观、整洁，在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想，这是他目前最大的困扰。
请你给Jim回信并针对他的问题提出建议。内容包括：
1.理解和安慰；
2.你的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hearing your upset about your English handwriting which has posed an influence on your writing scores, I feel deeply concerned. Don’t be too worried, for it is common among your peers.
I have a deep understanding of your trouble. From my point of view, the situation might be caused by inadequate practice and incorrect methods of practice. Here are my suggestions. Initially, it is essential that you practise strokes and letters while watching a demo video or with a copybook. Then, you can arrange a fixed period every day for further practice. Finally, put it into practice in the tests and make adjustments when necessary.
Take action now and I believe I will witness your gradual progress and final success.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你的好朋友Jim是高三学生。在最近的一次来信中Jim提到因为书写不够美观、整洁，在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想，这是他目前最大的困扰。请你给Jim回信并针对他的问题提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
不足的：inadequate→deficient
困难：trouble→difficulty
非常重要的：essential→allimportant
建议：suggestion→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Then, you can arrange a fixed period every day for further practice.
拓展句：Then, you can arrange a fixed period every day, which is used for further practice.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Hearing your upset about your English handwriting which has posed an influence on your writing scores, I feel deeply concerned. (运用了现在分词作状语和which引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Initially, it is essential that you practise strokes and letters while watching a demo video or with a copybook. (运用了it作形式主语和that引导的主语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Red Tool Box
It was early in 1981 when I first met George. I was in my early 30s, seeking a creative outlet unrelated to the boredom of housework and raising little ones. My children, then aged three and five, were just entering kindergarten and school life. At 65, George had recently retired and was seeking a rewarding hobby for his golden years. For both of us, painting was ‘it’ and we met at a local TAFE painting class.
George was a man who lived life to the full; he worked hard, played hard, and had an opinion about everything. He adored his wife, his family, his friends, and was loyal and outspoken to an equal degree. George took pride in his fitness and walked three kilometers every day.
And as the only male in a painting class full of women, George was in his element. He took to painting with an awe-inspiring level of passion and devotion, even transforming the spare bedroom of his home into a studio. His painting equipment was comprehensive an easel (画架), quality paints, linseed oil, turpentine, brushes, 8 palette, canvases, charcoal pencils, fixative, palette knives — even a rolling pin for removing air bubbles when gluing. Ever practical, George housed many of these items in a red metal tool box purchased from a local hardware store. Not fancy, but shiny and very red-the sports car of conveyance for painting equipment.
For about six years George and I studied together through various units until the completion of the course and other commitments drew us apart, though we always maintained personal contact as we lived within a couple of kilometers of each other. I’d sometimes see him on his daily walk or at the local shops and occasionally we’d touch base with a ‘proper’ afternoon tea, sharing a cuppa and a chinwag (聊天).
Let’s fast-forward some years and George was about 80 years old.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
George rang one day and asked me to go to his house, saying he needed to ask me something.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
And so it was that George left all his painting equipment to me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
George rang one day and asked me to go to his house, saying he needed to ask me something. While his dear wife Dorothy served tea and cake, George explained that he was giving up painting and giving away all his ‘stuff’. Everything — paints, boards, canvases, completed works, the rolling pin and even the precious red tool box! “I can’t paint, Bella. I don’t know why I ever thought I could,” he declared. He was mistaken about his painting ability because he had turned out some unique and wonderful works. However, George had decided he was through with painting, and no amount of talking could persuade him otherwise.
And so it was that George left all his painting equipment to me. “You have the best talent and are most likely to use it well,” he said. After considerable persuasion, I accepted this precious gift, insisting that he could reclaim it at any time. He never did, of course, and I still use much of his equipment today, more than 20 years later. As I paint, I often remember George, his sunny personality, generous spirit and unfailing encouragement. The red tool box witnessed a friendship that lasted for 25 years — until the day he passed away.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者与乔治相识于绘画班，他对绘画极其热爱和投入，当停止绘画后，他很慷慨地把自己的装备送给作者，包括他最喜欢的红色工具箱。通过绘画，作者与乔治建立了长达25年的友谊。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“有一天，乔治打电话来，要我去他家，说他有事要问我。”可知，第一段可描写作者到乔治家后，两人的交流内容。
②由第二段首句内容“所以乔治把他所有的绘画设备都留给了我。”可知，第二段可描写作者使用乔治给他的绘画设备的情况。
2.续写线索：去乔治家——与乔治交流——乔治放弃画画——赠送绘画设备——作者使用设备——睹物思人
3.词汇激活
行为类
①放弃：give up/quit
②决定：decide/make a decision
③使用：use/take advantage of
情绪类
①慷慨的：generous/munificent
②鼓励：encouragement/hearten
【点睛】[高分句型1] While his dear wife Dorothy served tea and cake, George explained that he was giving up painting and giving away all his ‘stuff’. (运用了while引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] He was mistaken about his painting ability because he had turned out some unique and wonderful works. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型3] After considerable persuasion, I accepted this precious gift, insisting that he could reclaim it at any time. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句)