外研版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价27选择性必修第2册Unit 3 Times change！含答案

课时质量评价(二十七)

选择性必修第二册　Unit 3　Times change!

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans 1. ________ (live) in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication 2. ________ (become) commonplace in the US. The driving force behind much of this change was an innovation popularly known as the Internet.

The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested 3. ________ advantage of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists.

One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone 4. ________ (line) could only transmit information at a limited rate. The development of fiber­optic (光纤) cables allowed billions of bits of information 5. ________ (receive) every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the incoming signals more 6. ________ (rapid)．

In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, 7. ________ commercial purposes. Corporations created home pages 8. ________ they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel reservations and even cars could be purchased online. Universities posted research data on the Internet, so students could find 9. ________ (value) information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and submitted online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and 10. ________ (wear) pajamas (睡衣)．

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了20世纪90年代科技的发展与变化。

1. living　考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知空格所在处作Americans的后置定语，Americans与live之间为主动关系，故填living。

2. became　考查动词的时态。此句中During this decade指20世纪90年代，是表示过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时，故填became。

3. the　考查冠词。句意：以防受到攻击，军事顾问建议使用这样的优势，可以从另一个终端操作一台电脑。advantage为特指，故填the。

4. lines　考查名词的单复数。line是可数名词，在句中作主语，故填lines。

5. to be received　考查非谓语动词。allow... to do sth. 表示“允许……做某事”；billions of bits of information和receive之间是被动关系，故填to be received。

6. rapidly　考查副词。句中rapid作状语，修饰动词process，故填rapidly。

7. for　考查介词。句意：在20世纪90年代早期，人们研发出了万维网。这在很大程度上是为了商业目的。for表示目的，故填for。

8. where　考查定语从句。先行词home pages在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。

9. valuable　考查形容词。修饰名词information，应用形容词，故填valuable。

10. wearing　考查非谓语动词。wear pajamas在句中作伴随状语，和主语a whole new class of telecommuters之间是主动关系，故填wearing。

B

Since 1972, more than 800 cultural sites that are thought to be of special importance to human history and culture 1. ________ (add) to the World Heritage Site List. The Taj Mahal in India and the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China are two of the best known 2. ________ (example)．

The Taj Mahal, 3. ________ was built between 1631 and 1648, is 4. ________ (apparent) a masterpiece of architecture. It took more than 20，000 workers and 1，000 elephants 5. ________ (complete) the project. Building the Taj Mahal was a labour of love. It was built in memory of the emperor's beloved wife. If the Taj Mahal is a 6. ________ (celebrate) of the heart, then the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are 7. ________ monument to the mind and spirit. 8. ________ (build) by several emperors between 1368 and 1915, the Imperial Tombs represent Chinese cultural and historical values.

Human life lasts only a short time 9. ________ art and culture last forever. The UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites programme attempts to preserve the best of human history. Masterpieces such as the Taj Mahal and the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties remind us 10. ________ what we can achieve at our finest, and inspire us to live up to our great past in the future.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。自从1972年以来，800多个文化遗址被列入世界遗产名录。印度的泰姬陵和中国的明清皇陵就是最著名的两个例子。

1. have been added　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语Since 1972可知，应用现在完成时态，且主语cultural sites与谓语动词add之间是被动关系，故填have been added。

2. examples　考查名词的单复数。example为可数名词，根据空前的two of可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填examples。

3. which　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Taj Mahal，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which，故填which。

4. apparently　考查副词。修饰句子要用副词apparently，故填apparently。

5. to complete　考查非谓语动词。It takes sb. some time to do sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。故填to complete。

6. celebration　考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词的单数形式，故填celebration。

7. a　考查冠词。根据空后可数名词的单数形式monument可知，前面要用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，且monument以辅音音素开头，故填a。

8. Built　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，build在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语the Imperial Tombs之间是被动关系，故应用其过去分词形式作状语。因为位于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Built。

9. but　考查连词。句意：人的生命只持续很短的一段时间，但是艺术和文化会永远延续。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。

10. of　考查固定用法。remind sb. of sth.表示“使某人想起某事”，为固定表达。故填of。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 我坐在教室里做试卷时感到信心十足、精力旺盛。(状语从句的省略)

While sitting in the classroom and doing my papers, I felt confident and was full of energy.

2. 将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。(before)

It was nearly a day before he realised his mistakes and apologised to his friend, Peter.

3. 他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。(it作形式主语)

It's not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not.

4. 很多人搬去纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。(分词作状语)

Many people moved to New York, making it the largest city in the USA.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers: Plastics.

“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified (分层的) layers in our trash deposits (沉积层)．” That's according to John Marston, an archaeologist.

The wide variety of synthetic polymers (合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren't for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.

Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth's makeup. Most plastics don't easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn't an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.

According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it's possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world's oceans than fishes.

“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it's safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.

The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilisation.

1. Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?

A. Because plastics are not naturally made.

B. Because humans create plastics.

C. Because plastics influence the world greatly.

D. Because historians and archaeologists think so.

2. According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?

A. They are recycled.

B. They are degraded.

C. They are thrown away.

D. They are made into bottles.

3. What is the author's attitude to the Plastic Age?

A. Negative.  B. Ambiguous.  C. Favourable.  D. Unconcerned.

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Plastics have ruined our environment.

B. We must stop using plastics altogether.

C. Human beings are in the Plastic Age.

D. Plastics are significant to human development.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。

1. C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是使用对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的。由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。

2. C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean.”可知，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。

3. A　观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态度，故A项正确。

4. C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因。故选C。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

(2020·上海进才中学3月检测)President Coolidge's statement “The business of America is business.” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organisation, including the government. Why do business in institutions   1   this great prestige?

One reason is that Americans   2   business as being more firmly based on the ideal of   3   than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major   4   of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are   5  . Competition is not only good in itself, but it is the means by which other basic American   6   such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.

Competition   7   the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one all­powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for   8  . Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollars, they cannot afford to   9   them like inferiors (下属) or slaves.

A   10   is often made between business, which is competitive, and the   11  ， which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than the government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving   12  .

Competition in business is also believed to   13   the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person   14   his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American   15   to social rank based on the family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.

1. A. qualify  B. restrict  C. impress  D. possess

2. A. refer  B. view  C. reflect  D. confirm

3. A. competition  B. cooperation  C. admiration  D. determination

4. A. result  B. component  C. source  D. resource

5. A. estimated  B. respected  C. admitted  D. rejected

6. A. manners  B. cultures  C. values  D. customs

7. A. protects  B. builds  C. illustrates  D. presents

8. A. profits  B. savings  C. costs  D. funds

9. A. attend  B. treat  C. serve  D. charge

10. A. comment  B. complaint  C. choice  D. contrast

11. A. department  B. government  C. business  D. economy

12. A. security  B. prices  C. freedom  D. discipline

13. A. strengthen  B. define  C. cherish  D. supervise

14. A. as a result of  B. by means of  C. in terms of  D. regardless of

15. A. contribution  B. solution  C. alternative  D. appeal

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国人认为竞争的工商业与垄断的政府经常形成鲜明对照。竞争不仅保护顾客的利益，也会保护商业机构，人们可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。

1. D　根据上文“business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organisation, including the government”可知，商业机构比其他任何一种组织拥有更多的威望，包括政府在内。

2. B　根据下文可知，美国人认为企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。view... as... “把……视为……”。

3. A　根据下文可知，此处指企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。

4. C　根据下文可知，竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。

5. B　根据第一段中的“business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organisation”可知，有竞争力的商业机构会受到尊重。

6. C　下文列举的都是美国的基本价值观，故选C。

7. A　句意：竞争通过确保权力不被垄断来保护个人的自由。

8. A　根据下文“compete for the customers' dollars”可知，企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。

9. B　根据上文“it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly”可知，此处指对待顾客的方式。

10. D　根据上下文可知，商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性形成一种对比。

11. B　商业是具有竞争性的，而政治往往是垄断性的，由政府掌控。二者形成对比。另外，下文中的“it is more supportive of freedom than the government”也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。

12. C　根据上文“Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than the government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not.”可知，此处是在讨论自由的问题。

13. A　根据下文“Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person”可知，竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，成功属于跑得最快的人，那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。

14. D　根据上文“Competition is seen as an open and fair race”可知，竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，那么无论(regardless of)这个人的社会阶层背景如何，成功总是属于跑得最快的人。

15. C　根据后文“Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.”可知，本句话应当表示“竞争性成功通常被视为基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。

Ⅲ. 读后续写

(2020·潍坊6月模拟)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Mommy, don't go，” my three­year­old son screamed as I walked to the door. My fifteen­year­old leaned against the kitchen counter with his arms folded across his chest, not screaming, but glaring at me as I pulled his little brother off my legs.

“Are you mad at me, too？”

“You spend all your time taking care of other people's kids, but what about us？” Dylan left angrily.

I was shocked and a little hurt. How could my own child not understand that the work I was doing was saving lives? Then the answer hit me. He didn't know, because he had never seen what Healing the Children actually did. Dylan had heard the stories of sick children, but had never once looked into the eyes of a child and understood the hard truth — that without our help, the children would likely die.

“Get dressed. You are going with me，” I said.

I spent the drive explaining the case of Hector to my son, who pretended to ignore me the entire time. “He's seven, only weighs thirty pounds and is very sick. He has a heart condition called Tetralogy of Fallot, which could kill him. It is a miracle (奇迹) that he is still alive.”

I went on to explain that it took a team of volunteer medical staff to get Hector to the hospital from his remote village and care for him while he was there. Still, Dylan seemed unimpressed.

We stopped at a convenience store for water and snacks. Dylan had one large and one small Slurpee (思乐冰饮料). He said the small one was for Hector. I doubted whether the little guy would be able to drink it, but remained silent. This was the first interest Dylan had shown in being there. I wasn't about to ruin it.

I stopped at the nurses' station to check on Hector's progress while Dylan went to his room. Our patient was recovering physically, but the nurse was concerned that Hector was struggling emotionally. She said, “Kids usually bounce back fast, but he hardly speaks and never smiles.”

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

    Imagine my surprise when I heard laughter from Hector's room. ____________________________________________________________________

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On the way home that night, Dylan asked me several times whether Hector would be okay. _______________________________________________________

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【参考范文】

Imagine my surprise when I heard laughter from Hector's room. I entered and found Dylan sitting on the edge of Hector's bed wiping pieces of frozen drink from Hector's mouth. Both boys were giggling and Hector was apparently enjoying the company. I spent the rest of the day speaking to doctors and watching my son playing with the special little boy. It was truly amazing to watch them interact, as if it were the most natural thing in the world. Perhaps to the two of them it was.

On the way home that night, Dylan asked me several times whether Hector would be okay. I told him this boy would get well but he had a hard road ahead of him. My son seemed to be lost in thought for a while. Then he declared his decision to join Healing the Children as a volunteer to help Hector and other children. I never thought that a moody teenager would take up the voluntary work and never again complain about his mother's crazy work schedule.