2022上海十六区高三英语二模汇编 —语法填空（答案解析版）

这是一份2022上海十六区高三英语二模汇编 —语法填空（答案解析版），共36页。试卷主要包含了宝山区， must 27，崇明区，奉贤区，虹口区，金山区，静安区，闵行区等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022上海高三英语二模语法汇编

1.宝山区

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
High-fructose corn syrup. (高果糖玉米糖浆) Artificial flavors and colors. What do these things have in common? They are found in many ____21____ (process) foods. But the clean label movement wants to kick them out of your grocery store! Clean label is a consumer-powered movement that promotes food made with simple, natural ingredients. Removing artificial ingredients can protect consumers from various health problems.
But finding replacements for artificial ingredients is not easy. When one food company tried to change an ingredient in its salad dressing recipe, it led to big problems. The ingredient switch changed the color and the quality of the product. Changes like ____22____ can cause companies to lose business. Customers expect a certain taste and look of a product and complain when they don't get it.
Companies are working hard to provide natural substitutes for artificial products. But when it comes to issues like food preservation, going all-natural isn't as easy as it sounds.
The clean label movement presents food makers with a challenge. Consumers want great products but with few if any artificial ingredients. It's difficult to meet those demands while ____23____ (control) factors such as cost and shelf life. Take bread for example. A loaf of homemade bread has simple ingredients such as flour, water, salt and sugar. ____24____ you make it yourself, you have control over your ingredients. The bread will stay fresh because usually it ____25____ (eat) within a few days. But grocery store bread ____26____ stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. This keeps the bread fresh and prevents mold (霉). While there's no solid evidence ____27____ preservatives are bad, many people don't like chemicals in their food. They want it to be natural, but the modern way of life, especially in cities, can make that difficult ____28____ (achieve) .
The clean label movement ____29____ (convince) many food companies to think twice about how they make their products. And consumers need to compromise（妥协）when it comes to preservatives because they make food ______30______ (safe) to eat.
【答案】21. processed 22. that 23. controlling 24. Since 25. is eaten
26. must 27. that 28. to achieve 29. has convinced 30. safer
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍消费者们发起了一项将人造配料移除出我们吃的食物的运动，旨在保护我们的健康。但是追求使用天然配料的过程也面临着不少问题和挑战。
【21题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在许多加工食品里能找到它们。foods是名词，这里需要用形容词作定语来修饰foods。故填processed。
【22题详解】
考查代词。句意：像这样的改变会使得公司失去生意。分析句子结构可知，空格前的like是个介词，意为：像；空处所填的词要做介词的宾语，因此需填上一个代词，且这个代词还要指代前文的“The ingredient switch changed the color and the quality of the product.(配料的转变改变了产品的颜色和质量。)”。故填that。
【23题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当你要控制诸如成本和保质期等因素时，就很难去满足那些要求。分析句子结构可知，while是连词，引导时间状语从句，从句后面省略了主语you和be动词are，因此control要用非谓语形式。Control与省掉的主语you之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填controlling。
【24题详解】
考查连词。句意：既然你自己做这个面包，你当然可以控制配料的使用。分析句子结构及句意可知，前后两个分句句子成分完整，因此空处要填上一个连词，再结合句意判断，前后分句之间是因果关系，故此处考查原因状语从句的连接词。since表示显然的或已知的原因。故填Since。
【25题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个面包会保持新鲜是因为你通常在几天内就把它吃了。分析句子结构及句意可知，动词eat的主语是it，单数形式，且它们之间是被动关系，面包是被吃的。结合usually可知，此句描述的是通常的情况，时态应为一般现在时。因此eat要用一般现在时的被动语态结构。故填is eaten。
【26题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：但是食品杂货店的面包必须在漫长的运输和贮存期间保持新鲜度。分析句子结构可知，bread是句子的主语且是单数形式，而空格后动词stay用了动词原形。换言之，空格要填上一个词使得stay保持形式不变，考虑情态动词。再分析句意，长时间的运输和贮存肯定会使面包失去新鲜度，因此就得想办法让它保持新鲜。must语气最强烈。故填must。
【27题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：尽管没有切实的证据证明防腐剂是不好的，但是很多人不喜欢他们的食品里有防腐剂。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，指代前面的evidence的具体内容。从句是个完整的“主+系+表”的结构，不缺任何成分，且表示肯定意义。故填that。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们想要食品变得天然，但是现代的生活方式，尤其是在城市里，使得很难去实现这一点。分析句子结构可知,make+名词或者代词+to do sth。故填to achieve。
【29题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这项清洁标签运动已经说服许多食品公司再三思考如何去生产他们的产品。根据think twice可知，这项运动对许多食品公司有着深远的影响，不仅是现在还会延续到将来，因此此处要用现在完成时，强调这项运动的影响具有延续性。由于主语是单数形式，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has convinced。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当谈论到防腐剂时，消费者们要妥协，因为防腐剂让食物吃起来更安全。分析句子结构可知，此处safe作宾补修饰food，因此要填形容词形式。结合本句句意推断，消费者之所以要妥协是因为防腐剂可以让食品更保质，所以吃起来会更安全。故要用safe的比较级形式。故填safer。


2.崇明区


Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To Shake or Not To Shake Hands
As we emerge from the pandemic (大流行病), we’re starting to see the return of an age-old custom: the handshake. Many of us went ____21____ shaking someone else’s hands for about two years. But as vaccination (接种疫苗) rates go up and social distancing restrictions fall, we’re starting to press the flesh again.
Not everyone is happy that the handshake is making its way back. ____22____ it’s a deep-rooted way of expressing friendship and respect, some medical experts wish it were gone for good.
“It’s never been safe,” said Dr. Gregory Poland, a Mayo Clinic physician and professor. “Handshaking carries the risk of transmitting a host of undesirable conditions,” Poland said. Handshaking ____23____ have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. But “you are, in fact, bearing at some level, a bioweapon” on your unwashed hand, Poland said.
“It’s unfortunate that we needed a pandemic to shake some sense into people on how disease is transmitted,” said Dr. Mark Sklansky, who’s worried that the opportunity ____24____ (kill) the handshake is slipping through our fingers.
Shaking hands as a symbol of friendship and trust ____25____ (practice) by Babylonian kings and ancient Romans and promoted by 18th-century Quakers. So far, it ____26____ (become) an international custom of agreement, respect and congratulations in modern business, politics and sports. But right now, we are in a socially awkward time of handshake uncertainty, ____27____ some people are comfortable shaking hands and some are not. If we are not comfortable accepting a(n) ____28____ (offer) handshake, we can be ready to respond in a polite manner. Instead of refusing directly, we can keep our hands to our side, maintain eye contact, smile, nod or slightly bow while ____29____ (say) something gracious like, “I’m currently not shaking hands, but it’s so very nice to meet you.”
Sklansky is convinced that even long-held cultural customs can change over time if we realize _____30_____ unhealthy they are.
【答案】21. without 22. Though##Although## While 23. may##might 24. to kill 25.was practiced 26. has become 27. when## as##because ##since 28. offered 29. saying 30. how
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着疫情结束，人们开始重新握手。但是有些医学专家希望握手永远消失，因为这是一种不健康的习惯，因为握手有传播一系列不良情况的风险。
【21题详解】
考查介词。句意：我们中的许多人在大约两年的时间里都没有和别人握手。根据前文“As we emerge from the pandemic, we’re starting to see the return of an age-old custom: the handshake.(随着疫情的结束，我们开始看到一个古老的习俗的回归——握手)”可知，因为疫情之前2年都没有握手。故填without。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管它是表达友谊和尊重的一种根深蒂固的方式，但一些医学专家希望它永远消失。根据前文“Not everyone is happy that the handshake is making its way back.(并不是每个人都对握手的恢复感到高兴。)”可知，并不是每个人都对握手的恢复感到高兴，结合本句句意可知，前后句是转折关系。故填Though / Although / While。
【23题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：握手最初可能是一种古老的习俗，用来向陌生人展示你手中没有武器。分析句子结构可知，本句中谓语动词是have started，且have是用的原形。结合句意，此处表达一种猜测，所以应该用情态动词。故填may / might。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他担心，扼杀握手的机会正在从我们的指端溜走。分析句子结构可知，此处kill作非谓语，结合句意“扼杀握手的机会”，应该用不定式作opportunity的后置定语。故填to kill。
【25题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：握手作为友谊和信任的象征是由巴比伦国王和古罗马人实行的，并被18世纪的贵格会信徒发扬光大。分析句子结构可知，此处practice作谓语，与主语Shaking hands as a symbol of friendship and trust是被动关系，应该用被动语态，且主语是动名词短语，be动词应该用单数形式。故填was practiced。
【26题详解】
考查时态。句意：到目前为止，在现代商业、政治和体育中，它已经成为一种约定、尊重和祝贺的国际习俗。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应该用现在完成时，且主语it是单数。故填has become。
【27题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：但现在，我们正处于一个握手不确定的社交尴尬时期，有些人握手很舒服，有些人则不舒服。分析前后句可知，此处是状语从句。结合句意，可以用when引导时间状语从句，或用as、because、since引导原因状语从句，均符合句意。故填when / as / because / since。
【28题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：果我们不愿意接受别人主动提出的握手，我们可以准备以礼貌的方式回应。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用分词化的形容词形式，修饰后面的名词handshake，因与handshake为被动关系。所以用过去分词。故填offered。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以不直接拒绝，而是把手放在身体两侧，保持眼神交流，微笑，点头或微微鞠躬，同时说一些亲切的话，比如“我现在不握手，但很高兴见到你”。分析句子结构可知，此处say作非谓语，与逻辑主语we是主动关系，应该用现在分词形式。故填saying。
【30题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：Sklansky相信，即使是长期存在的文化习俗，如果我们意识到它们是多么不健康，也会随着时间的推移而改变。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句，作realize的宾语。空格后面unhealthy是形容词，作are的表语，应该用how来引导，符合句意。故填how。
3.奉贤区

Obstacles for Female Scientists in Africa
Female scientists in Africa are entrepreneurial and resourceful. They ____21____ (seek) innovative solutions to problems that affect their communities, and many are actively appealing to engage others in their work. But for more women on the continent to achieve in science, they need policies that help to lower the barriers to their success and that enhance international collaborations.
Women in Africa experience greater barriers to developing careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) than ____22____ in high-income countries do, with lack of funding a particular problem. Africa’s researchers badly need long-term, stable investment from internal and external funding sources, including venture capital. In the latest poll, 56% of respondents working in science in Africa cited a lack of funding as their ____23____ (great) career challenge, and it was the top concern for both men and women. If only Africa’s governments and the international donor community ____24____ do more to help scientists to realize their ambitions: even modest funding increases might go a long way ____25____ accelerating nation-building.
Work–life balance is the second-most mentioned concern for women. It is clear ____26____ many of the women have made huge personal sacrifices to obtain their PhDs — those who study overseas and are mothers, for example, often spend months at a time away from their children, ____27____ (leave) them in the care of others, such as fathers and grandparents.
Moreover, some women have not been promoted as quickly as their male counterparts, even ____28____ they are publishing at the same rate and bringing in as much research funding and equipment to their institutions as men. The reasons vary, but include ____29____ (evaluate) according to outdated standard.
In that case, international collaboration needs to be more common in helping African women scientists. ____30____ the COVID-19 pandemic has shown, such exchanges can happen on virtual platforms. Africa’s female scientists are on the rise — and partnering with them could give sky-high returns.
【答案】21. are seeking 22. those 23. greatest 24. could 25. towards##to
26. that 27. leaving 28. though##if 29. being evaluated 30. As
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是为了让非洲大陆更多的女性在科学领域取得成就，她们需要有助于降低她们成功的障碍并加强国际合作的政策。
【21题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他们正在寻求创新的办法来解决影响其社区的问题，许多人积极呼吁其他人参与他们的工作。and前后时态一致，由后面的“and many are actively appealing”可知，本句时态用现在进行时，主语They是复数，因此空格处是are seeking，故填are seeking。
【22题详解】
考查代词。句意：与高收入国家的妇女相比，非洲妇女在发展科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）职业方面遭遇了更大的障碍，缺乏资金是一个特别的问题。空处指代高收入国家的女性，为同类指代，应用that/those，又上文women是复数形式，故此处应用those，those in high-income countires相当于the women in high-income countires。故填thoset。
【23题详解】
考查最高级。句意：在最新的民意调查中，在非洲从事科学工作的受访者中，56%的人认为缺乏资金是他们最大的职业挑战，这是男性和女性最关心的问题。由后面的“it was the top concern for both men and women”可知，句子表示“56%的人认为缺乏资金是他们最大的职业挑战”，空格处意为“最大的”，用最高级greatest，故填greatest。
【24题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：如果非洲各国政府和国际捐赠界能够做更多的事情来帮助科学家实现他们的雄心壮志，那就好了：即使是适度的资金增加也可能对加速国家建设大有帮助。do是原形，空格处用情态动词，由If only可知，句子是虚拟语气，句子表示“如果非洲各国政府和国际捐赠界能够做更多的事情来帮助科学家实现他们的雄心就好了”，是对现在情况的虚拟，且空格处意为“能够”，用情态动词could，故填could。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意：如果非洲各国政府和国际捐赠界能够做更多的事情来帮助科学家实现他们的雄心壮志，那就好了：即使是适度的资金增加也可能对加速国家建设大有帮助。由“accelerating nation-building”可知，句子表示“即使是适度的资金增加也可能对加速国家建设大有帮助”，go a long way towards/to意为“大大有利于”，故填towards/to。
【26题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：很明显，许多女性为了获得博士学位做出了巨大的个人牺牲——例如，那些在海外留学的女性已经是母亲了，她们经常一次离开孩子几个月，把孩子留给其他人照顾，比如父亲和祖父母。分析可知，It是形式主语，空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that，故填that。
【27题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：很明显，许多女性为了获得博士学位做出了巨大的个人牺牲——例如，那些在海外留学的女性已经是母亲了，她们经常一次离开孩子几个月，把孩子留给其他人照顾，比如父亲和祖父母。分析可知，句中谓语是spend，空格处用非谓语动词，mothers和leave之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填leaving。
【28题详解】
考查连词。句意：此外，一些女性的晋升速度没有男性同行快，即使她们发表论文的速度和她们为所在机构带来的研究资金和设备与男性一样多。结合句意可知，上下文为让步关系，表示“即使”应用even though/if，故填though/if。
【29题详解】
考查动名词。句意：原因各不相同，但包括按照过时的标准进行评估。include后跟动名词作宾语，女性是被评估，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态，即being done，故填being evaluated。
【30题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：正如新冠肺炎疫情所显示的那样，这种交易可能发生在虚拟平台上。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“正如新冠肺炎疫情所显示的那样，这种交易可能发生在虚拟平台上”，空格处意为“正如”，用as引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填As。

4.虹口区
The Office of the Future
The office used to be a place which people went to because they had to. Now the pandemic has exposed the office to competition from remote working, and brought up a host of questions about ____1____ it should be designed in the future.
Start with what the office is for. In the past, ____2____ form it took, it was a place for employees to get their work done. Now other conceptions of its role compete for attention. Some think of the office as the new offsite, the purpose of ____3____ is to get people together so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or cooperating in real time on specific projects. ____4____ talk of the office as a destination, a place that has to make the idea of getting out of bed earlier seem attractive. With fewer people coming in and more emphasis on cooperation, fewer desks ____5____ (assign) to individuals. Instead, there will be more shared areas, or “neighbourhoods”, where people in a team can work together flexibly. ____6____ (bridge) gaps between teams, one method is to set aside more of the office to display the work of each department, so that people never ____7____ (encounter) each other on Zoom can see examples of what their colleagues do.
Variety will be another theme, implying the need for flexibility. A best-known furniture firm compares the difference between the pre- and post-pandemic office to that between a hotel and a home. Hotels are largely given over to rooms for individuals, ____8____ “Home is thought of as a place for a family over years, hosting lots of different activities.”And meeting rooms are likely to be more flexible, too, with desks sliding and walls ____9____ (remove).
Another theme is data. Managers alike will want more data in order to understand how facilities are being used, and the question of who owns data and what data are needed is about to become ____10____ (pressing).
Whatever happens, the office won’t be what it was.
【答案】1. how 2. no matter what 3. which 4. Others 5. will be assigned
6. To bridge 7. encountering 8. while 9. removed 10. more pressing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是未来该如何设计办公室。
【1题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：现在，疫情让办公室面临远程工作的竞争，并带来了一系列关于未来应该如何设计的问题。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，根据语境可知，句子表示“关于未来应该如何设计的问题”，空格处意为“如何”，用how引导宾语从句，故填how。
【2题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：在过去，不管它以什么形式出现，它都是一个让员工完成工作的地方。根据语境可知，句子表示“不管它以什么形式出现，它都是一个让员工完成工作的地方”，空格处意为“不管什么”，用no matter what，引导让步状语从句，故填no matter what。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为办公室是新的异地办公场所，其目的是让人们聚在一起，做远程办公让他们更难做的事情：建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上实时合作。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词offsite是物，因此空格处是which，故填which。
【4题详解】
考查代词。句意：另一些人则将办公室视为一个目的地，一个必须让早起的想法看起来更有吸引力的地方。talk是原形，因此空格处是复数，由前面的“Some think”可知，此处表示“另一些人则将办公室视为一个目的地”，空格处意为“另一些人”，用others，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Others。
【5题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：随着进来的人越来越少，越来越强调合作，分配给个人的办公桌也会越来越少。由“Instead, there will be”可知，本句表示将来，时态用一般将来时，且办公桌是被分配，因此空格处是一般将来时的被动语态，即will be done，故填will be assigned。
【6题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了弥合团队之间的差距，一种方法是留出更多的办公室空间来展示每个部门的工作，这样从未在Zoom上见面的人就可以看到自己同事的工作。由“one method is to set aside more of the office to display the work of each department”可知，空格处用不定式表目的，位于句首，首字母大写，故填To bridge。
【7题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：为了弥合团队之间的差距，一种方法是留出更多的办公室空间来展示每个部门的工作，这样从未在Zoom上见面的人就可以看到自己同事的工作。so that引导的从句中谓语是can see，空格处用非谓语动词，people和encounter是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填encountering。
【8题详解】
考查连词。句意：酒店在很大程度上是给个人的房间，而“家被认为是一个家庭多年来的地方，举办许多不同的活动。”由“Hotels are”和“Home is”可知，前后两句是并列关系，空格处意为“而”，用while，故填while。
【9题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：会议室可能也会变得更加灵活，办公桌可以滑动，墙壁也可以拆除。空格处是with复合结构，walls是被移走，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填removed。
【10题详解】
考查比较级。句意：管理者们都想要更多的数据，以便了解设施是如何使用的，谁拥有数据以及需要什么数据的问题将变得更加紧迫。由前面的“want more data”可知，句子表示“管理者们都想要更多的数据，以便了解设施是如何使用的，谁拥有数据以及需要什么数据的问题将变得更加紧迫”，空格处用比较级more pressing，故填more pressing。


5黄埔区

A Live Map of Everywhere on Earth: Frightening or Cool?
Imagine turning on the GPS and seeing an image of your car from above. As the car drives, the map follows along in real time, ____21____ (alert) you to any traffic, pedestrians, animals, or other things nearby. Routes and names of roads appear over the livestream. It’s like the map has come to life.
This type of map isn’t available yet. But it could be soon. In 2014, the Worldview-3 satellite ____22____ (launch) into space. Even though it circles round Earth at more than 370 miles (600 km) away, it can capture images of objects on Earth that are just 10 inches (25cm) across. Looking all the way from outer space, it can make out a smartphone ____23____ (hold) in your hand. It can tell what types of cars are traveling down a road. But it can’t identify your face or read the cars’ license plate numbers ... at least not openly.
According to some reports, this satellite and other US spy satellites have the technology to take even ____24____ (sharp) images, with a resolution of up to around 4 inches (10cm). But US law forbids making these super-sharp pictures public, to prevent enemies from using them. But the idea ____25____ anybody might be able to spy on the entire Earth in such detail may seem frightening. Live, high-detail satellite mapping could probably be used to keep tags on anybody at any time, ____26____ the person’s knowledge. Ray Purdy of University College London told CNN that he is concerned about ____27____ this could mean for privacy. “Most satellites are commercially owned, so if you have money you can buy that imagery, ____28____ means anyone can spy on anyone,” he said.
At the same time, live, detailed maps of Earth’s surface ____29____ aid humanity in amazing ways. Satellite images can help experts track storms as they form and chart their paths. At high detail, live maps of a disaster area could quickly and accurately reveal people in danger ____30____ they could help rescuers determine the safest routes in or out in time. Higher detail may make it possible for farmers to watch over their crops or for prospectors to find minerals.
What do you think? Do you wish everyone could access high-detail live maps of Earth’s surface?
【答案】21. alerting 22. was launched 23. held 24. sharper 25. that 26. without 27. what 28. which 29. could/can/may/might 30. so
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是2014年，Worldview-3卫星发射升空，这颗卫星可以拍摄分辨率很高的照片。
【21题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：当汽车行驶时，地图会实时跟随，提醒你附近的任何交通、行人、动物或其他东西。分析可知，主句谓语是follows，空格处用非谓语动词，map和alert之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填alerting。
【22题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：2014年，Worldview-3卫星发射升空。卫星是被发射，且由“In 2014”可知，是过去发生的，且主语the Worldview-3 satellite和动词launch(发射)二者之间是被动关系，因此空格应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语satellite是单数，因此空格处是was launched。故填was launched。
【23题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：从外太空看过去，它可以分辨出你拿在手里的智能手机。分析可知，句子谓语是“can make out”，空格处用非谓语动词，smartphone和hold之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填held。
【24题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：据报道，这颗卫星和其他美国间谍卫星拥有拍摄更清晰图像的技术，分辨率高达4英寸（10厘米）左右。根据句意可知，此处表示“更清晰的图像”，所以应用sharp的比较级形式，sharp的比较级是sharper，故填sharper。
【25题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：但是，任何人都可以如此详细地监视整个地球的想法似乎令人恐惧。分析可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that，故填that。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：实时的、高细节的卫星地图可能会被用来在任何人不知情的情况下，随时对任何人保持标记。根据语境可知，句子表示“实时的、高细节的卫星地图可能会被用来在任何人不知情的情况下，随时对任何人保持标记”，空格处意为“没有”，用介词without。故填without。
【27题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：伦敦大学学院的雷·珀迪告诉CNN，他担心这对隐私意味着什么。分析可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“他担心这对隐私意味着什么”，因此空格处用what，故填what。
【28题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：大多数卫星都是商业所有的，所以如果你有钱，你就可以买到这些图像，这意味着任何人都可以监视任何人。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个句子，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
【29题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：与此同时，实时的、详细的地球表面地图可以/可能以惊人的方式帮助人类。aid是动词原形，空格处用情态动词，根据语境可知，句子表示“实时的、详细的地球表面地图可以/可能以惊人的方式帮助人类”，空格处意为“可以/可能”，用情态动词could/can/may/might。故填could/can/may/might。
【30题详解】
考查连词。句意：实时的灾区地图具有很高的细节，可以快速准确地显示出处于危险中的人员，从而帮助救援人员及时确定最安全的进出路线。根据句意可知，空格上下文是因果关系，空格处意为“因此”，应用连词so，故填so。

6.嘉定区

Will Robots Take Your Job in the Future?
In 2013, researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work. They concluded that almost one in every two jobs have a high risk of ____21____ (automate) by machines. Machine learning is the technology that’s responsible for most of this situation. It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence. It allows machines to learn from data and imitate some of the things ____22____ humans can do.
Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 1990s. It started with relatively simple tasks. It started with things ____23____ assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. Over the past few years, we ____24____ (make) dramatic breakthroughs. Machine learning is now capable of far, far ____25____ (complex) tasks. In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community ____26____ (build) an algorithm (算法) that could grade high-school essays. The winning algorithms were able to match the grades given by human teachers.
Now, ____27____ (give) the right data, machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this. A teacher ____28____ read 10,000 essays over a 40-year career. A machine can read millions of essays within minutes. We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent, high-volume tasks.
But there are things we can do that machines can’t do. ____29____ machines have made very little progress is in dealing with novel situations. They can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before. The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data. Now, humans don’t. We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we’ve never seen before. Machines cannot compete with us when it comes to dealing with novel situations, and this _____30_____ (put) a fundamental limit on the human tasks that machines will automate.
【答案】21. being automated 22. that 23. like 24. have made 25. more complex
26. to build 27. given 28. may##might 29. Where 30. puts
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍未来机器人会取代你的工作吗。
【21题详解】
考查动名词。句意：他们得出的结论是，几乎每两份工作中就有一份具有被机器自动化的高风险。根据句意可知，“almost one in every two jobs”与“automate”是被动关系，需要被动语态。of后接动名词形式，所以填动名词的被动语态。故填being automated。
【22题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它允许机器从数据中学习并模仿人类可以做的一些事情。some of the things为先行词，作定语从句的宾语，关系代词为that。 故填that。
【23题详解】
考查介词。句意：它从像评估贷款申请的信用风险开始，通过阅读邮政编码中的手写字符来分类邮件。根据句意可知，需填介词like。故填like。
【24题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去几年中，我们取得了巨大的突破。根据时间状语Over the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时。故填have made。
【25题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：机器学习现在能够完成极其复杂的任务。根据上文的far以及句意可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more complex。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：2012年，Kaggle给当地学校出了个难题，设计一个算法来评判高中作文。分析句子可知，此处应用不定式to build作目的状语。故填to build。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：现在，如果被给与正确的数据，机器将在这样的任务中胜过人类。本句为非谓语动词，与machines在逻辑上是被动关系。所以用过去分词。故填given。
【28题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：一名教师在40年的职业生涯中可能阅读10000篇论文。根据后文“A machine can read millions of essays within minutes.”（一台机器可以在几分钟内阅读数百万篇文章。）可知，此处是在做一种推断，且没有具体事实支撑，故可能性相对较小。故填may或者might。
【29题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：机器在处理新情况方面进展甚微。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，且缺少表示地点的连接词where，故用副词where引导主语从句。故填Where。
【30题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在处理新情况时，机器无法与我们竞争，这对机器将自动化的人工任务造成了根本限制。分析句子可知，上文的“cannot ”和“comes”都是一般现在时，此处也需一般现在时，且主语为this，故此处填puts。故填puts。


8.金山区

A positive influencer
Compared to most people with disabilities, Zhao Hongcheng is lucky. Born in 1990, a wheelchair ____21____ (be) part of Zhao’s life since she was 1 year old due to a disease. However, it did not stop her from completing her college and graduate studies before becoming a white-collar worker in Shanghai, ____22____ her parents’ great support. And now, Zhao is a video content creator, who has over 84,000 followers on a video-sharing platform.
“I made my first video in 2019,” Zhao says, ____23____ (add) that it was also the year she moved to Shanghai. “My original purpose was ____24____ (find) an emotional outlet. I always encountered inconvenience ____25____ (cause) by my wheelchair when going out, which made me feel sad. However, I barely had any disabled friends, so I had no one to talk to. I felt quite lonely.”
In 2019, the rising popularity of short videos inspired Zhao. “I felt that I should make some videos of ____26____ I experienced in my daily life. If it went well, it could give people with disabilities references and suggestions, and if not, at least it would draw people’s attention to related issues,” Zhao says. To her great surprise, the video ____27____ (view) more than 2,000 times on the first day. “ ____28____ made me feel that there were many things worth sharing in my life, and it also gave me a sense of mission,” she explains. ____29____ her fourth video went viral (走红), she continued to make short videos and, in 2021, became a full-time content creator on the platform.
Yet, most people with disabilities are not as lucky as Zhao. Zhao says education and employment are the two major obstacles for the disabled group around her. In addition, the construction of accessible facilities is still at a relatively early stage. “Shanghai is the city _____30_____ I have the best experience as a wheelchair user, but it still cannot guarantee that I can go out alone,” she says, adding that only with deep understanding and recognition can the system be implemented better.
Zhao hopes to be a bridge between the wider society and the disabled.
【答案】21. has been 22. due to##thanks to 23. adding 24. to find 25. caused 26. what
27. was viewed 28. It##This 29. After 30. where
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位残疾短视频创作者的故事，她希望能成为广大社会和残疾人之间的桥梁。
【21题详解】
考查时态。句意：赵出生于1990年，从1岁起因为一种疾病，轮椅就成为了她生活的一部分。考根据时间状语从句“since she was 1 year old due to a disease”可知，主句时态为现在完成时，主语为a wheelchair，单数。故填has been。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：然而，由于父母的大力支持，这并没有妨碍她在上海完成大学和研究生学业，成为一名白领。根据上文“it did not stop her from completing her college and graduate studies before becoming a white-collar worker in Shanghai”以及下文的“great support”可知，因为父母的支持她才能完成学业。介词短语due to/thanks to，表示“因为”，后接名词。故填due to/thanks to。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我在2019年制作了我的第一个视频，”赵说，并补充说这也是她搬到上海的那一年。主句主语Zhao和add之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填adding。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我最初的目的是寻找一个情感出口。每次出门都会遇到轮椅带来的不便，让我感到很难过。然而，我几乎没有任何残疾朋友，所以我没有人可以交谈。我感到很孤独。”主语为名词purpose，后接不定式作表语，对主语起补充说明作用。故填to find。
【25题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我最初的目的是寻找一个情感出口。每次出门都会遇到轮椅带来的不便，让我感到很难过。然而，我几乎没有任何残疾朋友，所以我没有人可以交谈。我感到很孤独。” 名词inconvenience与cause之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。
【26题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：她说：“我觉得我应该把我在日常生活中的经历拍一些视频。如果进展顺利，它可以为残障人士提供参考和建议，如果不顺利，至少可以引起人们对相关问题的关注。”分析句子结构可知，本句为宾语从句，从句却宾语，表示物，所以用连接代词what。故填what。
【27题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：令她惊讶的是，该视频在第一天就被观看了2000多次。根据时间状语“on the first day”可知时态为一般过去时；主语为the video，单数，和动词view之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was viewed。
【28题详解】
考查代词。句意：她解释说：“这让我觉得在我的生命中有很多值得分享的东西，也让我有了使命感。”代指上文一件事，用it或者this。出现在句首，注意首字母大写。故填It/This。
【29题详解】
考查连词。句意：在她的第四段视频走红后，她继续制作短视频，并于2021年成为该平台的全职内容创作者。从句“她的第四段视频走红”和主句“她继续制作短视频”之间存在先后关系，所以用连词after。出现在句首，注意首字母大写。故填After。
【30题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她说：“上海是我作为轮椅使用者体验最好的城市，但它仍然不能保证我可以独自外出。”句中先行词为the city，在定语从句中担当地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。

9.静安区

My community and state are still recovering from the recent disaster. A storm ___1___（strike）on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines.
Hundreds of thousands of people suddenly found themselves in the dark ___2___ water, electricity, air conditioning, and internet. They found themselves cut off from the modern world. ___3___（endure）90 degree plus heat, they had no idea when it would be over.
However, the most amazing thing happened. ___4___the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. While there were a few acts of selfishness, they ___5___（overlook）amid the wave of love that came from the hearts of so many.
People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to ___6___ who had none. People rushed out to clear roads and homes of fallen trees. Selfless power engineers worked around the clock to repair the damage and restore electricity.
People gathered in their gardens ___7___ they shared hugs and offered words of hope and faith that they would see themselves through it all. Strangers came together as one family to help each other in this time of great need. Most people acted like heroes under the most difficult circumstances.
Life’s disasters challenge all of us from time to time with no one ___8___（spare）.
How we respond to them, however, is up to us. We ___9___ react to them like evils of selfishness or like heroes of love. May you always bring the best from your heart to ____10____life may throw at you then!
【答案】1. struck 2. without 3. Enduring 4. As##When 5. were overlooked
6. those 7. where 8. spared 9. can 10. whatever##what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在暴风雨过后的见闻和感想。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：周五晚上，一场风暴袭来，树木被吹倒，道路被堵塞，房屋被破坏，电线被摧毁。考查本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“on a Friday evening”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填struck。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：成千上万的人突然发现自己身处黑暗之中，没有水、电、空调和网络。根据空前的in the dark可知，是没有水、电等的；根据其后water可知，空处为介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：忍受着90多度的高温，他们不知道什么时候才能结束。分析句子可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词形式作主语。故填Enduring。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：随着危机的现实逐渐深入人心，它激发了我们最好的一面。根据句意可知，这里为时间状语从句，表示“随着……/当……”，用when/as。出现在句首，首字母大写。故填When/As。
【5题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：虽然有一些自私的行为，但它们在来自许多人心中的爱的浪潮中被忽视了。根据从句的时态可知，主句时态为一般过去时；主语they，复数，和动词overlook之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were overlooked。
【6题详解】
考查代词。句意：那些还有电的人会向那些没有电的人敞开家门。根据下文的“who had none”可知，指的是没有电的那些人，用代词those。故填those。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：人们聚集在自家的花园里，相互拥抱，表达希望和信念，相信自己能渡过难关。句中先行词为gardens，在定语从句中担当地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：生活中的灾难不时地挑战着我们，没有一个人能幸免。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。动词spare和宾语no one之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填spared。
【9题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：我们可以像自私的恶魔或有爱的英雄那样对待他们。根据上文的“How we respond to them, however, is up to us.”可知，这里指的是我们可以采取的方式，表示“可以、能够”用情态动词can。故填can。
【10题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：愿你永远把内心最美好的东西用来迎接生活所带来的任何挑战！分析句子可知，本句为宾语从句。从句中缺少宾语，表示物，可用what表示“什么”也可用whatever表示“不管什么”。故填whatever/what。

10.闵行区
There is no doubt that people’s behavior has a far-reaching impact on the environment. Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat, ____21____ it’s more pressing than we may think. In our daily life, we litter a lot of things, and some items ____22____ (litter) more frequently.
If you were to throw, say, a banana peel out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it’s part of a fruit — right? Absolutely no. A banana peel ____23____ take up two years to break down. An orange peel and a cigarette butt (烟蒂) has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to ____24____ of a banana, but tin and aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, so ____25____ glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.
____26____ the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity (严重性) of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading time, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s rat population____27____ (increase) by 60 million.
Littering is not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers spend £ 500 million in order to keep our streets clean, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to £1 billion. So, it’s not surprising that if ____28____ (catch) littering, you could face a £ 20,000 fine. In more serious cases, offenders may be subject to imprisonment, with sentences ____29____ (range) from 10 days to six years.
To take back our beautiful countryside and cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish _____30_____ it ought not to be. We need to truly care more about the world around us.
【答案】21. but 22. are littered 23. can 24. that 25. do 26. Despite
27. to increase 28. caught 29. ranging 30. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了乱扔垃圾对环境的危害和造成的经济损失。
【21题详解】
考查连词。句意：与我们每天听到的那些明显的环境问题相比，乱扔垃圾往往是次要的，但它比我们想象的更紧迫。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故用连词but。故填but。
【22题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在我们的日常生活中，我们会丢很多东西，有些东西被扔得更频繁。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文we litter a lot of things可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为some items，谓语用复数。故填are littered。
【23题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：一个香蕉皮可能需要两年时间才能分解。后跟动词原形，表示“能够”应用情态动词can。故填can。
【24题详解】
考查代词。句意：橙子皮和烟蒂的生物降解术语与香蕉相似，但锡罐和铝罐降解可达100年；塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋也可以永久保存。此处指与香蕉的降解情况相似，应用代词that。故填that。
【25题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：橙子皮和烟蒂的生物降解术语与香蕉相似，但锡罐和铝罐降解可达100年；塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋也可以永久保存。此处为“so+助动词+主语”，表示“……也……”，故填do。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管更持久的材料会更长时间地破坏环境和动物，但我们不能只通过垃圾的寿命来衡量其严重程度。结合句意表示“尽管”可知短语为despite the fact that…，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同样，我们经常随地乱扔垃圾导致英国的老鼠数量增加了6000万只。结合句意表示“使某事发生”可知短语为cause sth. to do。故填to increase。
【28题详解】
考查省略句。句意：因此，如果被抓到乱扔垃圾，你将面临2万英镑的罚款也就不足为奇了。此处为if条件状语从句的省略，从句省略了you are。故填caught。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：情节较重的，违法者可被判处10天至6年不等的徒刑。分析句子结构可知range在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语imprisonment构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填ranging。
【30题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：为了夺回我们美丽的乡村和城市，我们需要做的不仅仅是不把垃圾留在不该留在的地方。引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”应用where。故填where。


11.浦东新区

Wintry Scenes from a Swedish Wonderland
I always give the same advice to ambitious photographers: Wherever home is, that’s where you should begin. Having lived and worked everywhere but in Sweden for most of my life, I was terrible at following it myself. For me, Sweden has always been a place to relax and spend time with family. I’ve never explored it in the same way I’ve explored destinations like Zambia ____21____ now.
With all of my foreign trips ____22____ (cancel) this year, I decided to travel north from my home near Stockholm. What began as a two-week trip quickly turned into journeys ____23____, both starting and finishing in midwinter, lasted the entire year.
Climate change doesn’t have any impact on the length of our daylight. And yet, ____24____ (lie) on the back staring up at the magical light show of the aurora borealis (北极光), I hardly minded the lack of daylight. Instead, ____25____ caught my attention was the fascinating beauty of the white, frozen landscapes and the endless shades of blue.
But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me ____26____ else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.”
He shook his head. “Not a forest, just a plantation. Soon, this is what ____27____ (leave).” he said. For over half a century now, the ancient forests that once seemed endless continue ____28____ (cut) down. The Sami that live mainly in the northern areas ____29____ (face) an existential crisis. Their lives and culture are closely linked to the ancient forests and the reindeer (驯鹿) there. The slow growing lichen (地衣) and mushrooms upon which the reindeer depend for survival are not found in plantations. So, the death of one _____30_____ mean the death of the other, and an uncertain future for an entire people.
We are not visitors in nature and it’s essential for our own survival as well as that of the natural world.
【答案】21. until##till 22. canceled##cancelled 23. that##which 24. lying 25. what
26. something 27. will be left 28. to be cut##being cut 29. are facing
30. can##may##might##could
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在赞比亚的探索之旅以及感悟。
【21题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：到目前为止，我从未像探索赞比亚这样的目的地那样去探索它。结合句意表示“到现在为止”可知短语为until/till now。故填until/till。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于今年所有的国外旅行都取消了，我决定从斯德哥尔摩附近的家往北走。此处为with的复合结构，cancel与all of my foreign trips构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填canceled/cancelled。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：开始的两周旅行很快变成了在隆冬开始和结束的旅行，持续了整整一年。此处为定语从句修饰先行词journeys，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，躺在床上凝视着神奇的北极光秀，我几乎不介意缺少日光。分析句子结构可知lie在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填lying。
【25题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：相反，吸引我的是白色、冰冻的风景和无尽的蓝色阴影的迷人之美。引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事情，应用what引导。故填what。
【26题详解】
考查代词。句意：但我在拉普兰宾馆的主人Johan Stenevad向我展示了其他东西。结合句意表示“其他东西”短语为something else。故填something。
【27题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：很快，就只剩下这些了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示将来的动作应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be left。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的半个多世纪里，曾经看似无尽的古老森林继续被砍伐。表示“继续做某事”短语为continue to do sth./doing sth.，且cut与forests构成被动关系。故填to be cut/being cut。
【29题详解】
考查时态。句意：主要生活在北部地区的萨米人正面临生存危机。表示目前正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语为The Sami，谓语用复数。故填are facing。
【30题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：因此，一个人的死亡可能意味着另一个人的死亡，整个民族的未来也不确定。根据“an uncertain future for an entire people”可知，此处表示不确定推测，表示“可能”，应用情态动词can/may/might/could。故填can/may/might/could。

12.青浦区

Native Tribes Celebrate Montana Land Ownership and Bison Range (野牛牧场) Restoration
Moiese, Mont. — A narrow road takes visitors zig-zagging up a mountain, and, if they’re lucky, they’ll see bison walking about freely. The bison range sits on more than 18,000 acres of undeveloped land in northwest Montana — land ____21____ (take) by the U.S. Government without the approval of Salish and Kootenai Tribes. In 2020, Congress passed a law ____22____ management of the land is transferred from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service back to Salish and Kootenai Tribes.
U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, ____23____ signed off on the law last year, said with the loss of tribal homelands in the early 1900s and decrease of bison herds, tribes lost traditional connections with the mammal. “But ____24____ that tragedy and loss, we are still here. You are still here. And that’s ____25____ to celebrate,” She said the people then relied on bison for food and livelihood, believing future generations would do the same.
“We all know history took a cruel and tragic turn after that,” Haaland said, and the tribes didn’t believe that the history ____26____ (represent) accurately at the bison range’s visitor center. Whisper Camel-Means, the tribes division manager for the wildlife refuge, said under the Fish and Wildlife Service supervision, the exhibits there previously used a different tribes’ word for bison, which they ____27____ not accept.
The Salish and Kootenai Tribes have corrected inaccuracies at the visitor center located on the Flathead reservation near the museum. The visitor center is now open, ____28____ (feature) new exhibits that better reflect the tribes’ involvement in bison conservation. Stephanie Gillin, education program manager for the tribes’ natural resources program, said she worked with cultural committees to get the correct history for the new exhibits. “We listen to our elders about some stuff we have to protect ____29____ if we don’t put it out there, we lose what it gives to us — you know, we lost that power it gives us,” she said.
The generational emotional wound, Gillin said, is still felt today within tribal communities and correcting the information at the visitor center is about respecting and preserving the tribes’ history.
The tribes are working to build a ____30____ (big) museum that will be closer to U.S. Highway 93. It’s a push to share their history with more people.
【答案】21. taken 22. that 23. who 24. in spite of 25. something##what
26. was represented 27. would##could 28. featuring 29. because 30. bigger
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了蒙大拿野牛牧场的恢复和当地部落对此的态度。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：野牛牧场坐落在蒙大拿州西北部超过18000英亩的未开发土地上，这片土地是美国政府未经萨利什和库特奈部落批准而征用的。分析句子可知，take(拿走)作后置定语修饰名词land，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语land之间是被动关系，且“take”这一动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词表示被动和完成。故填taken。
【22题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：2020年，国会通过了一项法律，将这片土地的管理权从美国鱼类和野生动物管理局转移回萨利什和库特奈部落。分析句子可知，“management of the land is transferred from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service back to Salish and Kootenai Tribes.”是同位语从句，是对名词law的解释说明，从句句意完整，不缺成分，应用连词that引导该从句。故填that。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：美国内政部长德布·哈兰德去年签署了这项法律，他说，随着20世纪初部落家园的丧失和野牛群的减少，部落失去了与这种哺乳动物的传统联系。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Deb Haaland，指人，先行词在定语从句中主语，应使用关系代词who引导该定语从句。故填who。
【24题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：但是，尽管有这样的悲剧和损失，我们仍然在这里。根据句意，“that tragedy and loss”和“we are still here”之间有转折关系，可用介词短语in spite of引导让步状语，意为“尽管”。故填in spite of。
【25题详解】
考查代词和不定式复合结构。句意：这是一件值得庆祝的事情。分析句子可知，“　 to celebrate”是句子表语，结合句意可使用“不定代词something+不定式”结构，其中不定式作后置定语修饰something，也可使用不定式复合结构“特殊疑问词what+不定式”作表语，意为“值得庆祝的事情”。故填something/what。
【26题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：哈兰德说，各部落不认为野牛场的游客中心准确地再现了这段历史。分析句子可知，represent(展示)是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语the history 之间是被动关系，根据主句时态可知从句也应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was represented。
【27题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：野生动物保护区的部落部门经理hisper Camel-Means说，在鱼类和野生动物管理局的监督下，那里的展品之前用了不同部落的词来形容野牛，他们不会接受。根据句意，可用情态动词would或者could与动词原形accept构谓语。故填would/could。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：游客中心现已开放，展出的新展品更好地反映了部落参与野牛保护的情况。分析句子可知，feature(以……为特色，以……为主要组成)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The visitor center之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动，作伴随状语。故填featuring。
【29题详解】
考查原因状语从句和连词。句意：我们听长辈说一些我们必须保护的东西，因为如果我们不把它放在那里，我们就会失去它给我们的东西。根据句意，前后文是因果关系，“if we don’t put it out there, we lose what it gives to us”是“some stuff we have to protect”的原因，用从属连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
【30题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：这些部落正在努力建造一个更大的博物馆，它将更靠近美国93号公路。根据句意和下文“share their history with more people”可推知，一个更大的博物馆能与更多的人分享历史，应使用比较级。故填bigger。


13.松江区

Opening Ceremony Shows Difference
Still remember what was different on 4th February this year? ____21____ (put) the Olympic torch in the middle of a giant snowflake-shaped cauldron (大锅), the two persons saw it rise to the top of the National Stadium at 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. “The Olympic spirit is not necessarily shown through a big flame; the fire of one torch can be a symbol,” said Zhang Yimou, chief director of the event. The giant “snowflake” was made from 91 smaller ____22____, each with the name of a participating country or region. According to Zhang, ____23____ (combine) the smaller snowflakes symbolizes people’s joint efforts to build a community with a shared future for humanity and only through such efforts ____24____ man overcome the pandemic (流行病).
The 2008 ceremony boasted large-scale performances displaying traditional Chinese culture, while this year’s was centered around natural performances from ordinary people, ____25____ Zhang sought to deliver Chinese style in a different way. None of the performers at this opening ceremony wore ancient clothes as were seen 14 years ago. 76 participants ____26____ different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world. This specific area was set against a background of images ____27____ (feature) past Olympic competitions and the global fight against COVID-19. This part ____28____ impressed most viewers aimed to show that ordinary and diverse individuals can reflect the slogan—together for a bright future.
Under the guidance of “green Olympics”, the use of fireworks this time was only 10 percent that of the 2008 Games. Moreover, the creative approach ____29____ only a single torch was placed inside the cauldron highlighted China’s low-carbon and environmental protection efforts. So far, the total amount of carbon emitted ____30____ (find) only one 5,000th of that at the 2008 Summer Games.
【答案】21. Putting##Having put 22. ones 23. combining##to combine
24. can## will##may##could##would##might 25. because##since##as##for
26. from 27. featuring 28. that##which 29. that 30. has been found
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年冬奥会开幕式中奥运火炬的设计及其深刻寓意。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在2022年冬奥会开幕式上，两人将奥运火炬放在巨大的雪花状火炬大锅中间，并亲眼目睹了圣火上升到国家体育场的顶部。分析句子结构，saw为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the two persons和put为主谓关系，需填写现在分词形式，则答案可为Putting。又因非谓语动作put发生早于谓语saw，所以答案也可以填写Having put。故答案填Putting或者Having put。
【22题详解】
考查代词。句意：巨大的“雪花”由91个较小的“雪花”组成，每个“雪花”上都有一个参赛国家或地区的名字。由句意可知，空处指的是“雪花”，且空处前有数词91修饰，则应该表示复数的“雪花”，因此使用代词ones代指上文提到的“snowflake”的复数形式。故填ones。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：张艺谋表示，将小雪花结合起来，象征着人类携手构建人类命运共同体，只有这样，人类才能战胜疫情。分析句子结构，谓语动词为symbolizes，为第三人称单数形式，主语为_____the smaller snowflakes，空中是主语，可以用动名词或者不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数，则空处填写非谓语动名词形式combining或者to combine。故填combing或者to combine。
【24题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：张艺谋表示，将小雪花结合起来，象征着人类携手构建人类命运共同体，只有这样，人类才能/会战胜疫情。分析句子结构，and引导的并列句中，only置于句首修饰方式状语through such efforts，则句子用部分倒装，即提前助动词或情态动词。由句意可知，空处可填写can或will或may或could或would或might来补全句意。故答案填写can或will或may或could或would或might。
【25题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：2008年的颁奖典礼亮点在于展示中国传统文化的大型表演，而今年的颁奖典礼则以普通人的自然表演为中心，因为张艺谋想要尝试用不同的方式展现中国风格。分析句意，空处及之后从逻辑上是在解释上句的原因，构成因果关系，所以应该填写引导原因状语从句的连词because或since或as或for。故答案填写because或since或as或for。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：来自不同国家的76名选手肩并肩走过表演区，向全世界人民致意。分析句子结构，主语为“76 participants ____ different countries”，其中，“76 participants ”与“different countries”之间的逻辑关系是：76名选手来自于不同国家。介词from表示“来自于”。故填from。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一特定区域的背景是往届奥运会比赛和全球抗击新冠疫情的图片。分析句子结构，谓语动词为was set against，空处需填写非谓语动词作定语，images和feature之间为主谓关系，则需填写现在分词。故填featuring。
【28题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最让观众感到印象深刻的这一部分是为了展示平凡而多元的个体也能体现出“共同创造美好未来”的奥运口号。分析句子可知，空处为修饰this part的定语从句，先行词this part指代物，在定语从句中作主语，可以填写that或者which在句子中作主语。故答案填写that或which。
【29题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：此外，这个只在奥运火炬中放置一个火炬的创意方式突出了中国在低碳和环境保护方面的努力。分析句子结构，主语为the creative approach，谓语为highlighted，由句意可知，“____ only a single torch was placed inside the cauldron”为从句，且从句是对于the creative approach的解释说明，从句不缺成分，语义完整，说明是同位语从句。引导同位语从句的引导词中，that不承担句子成份，没有含义，符合题意。故填that。
【30题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，碳排放总量仅为2008年夏季奥运会的5000分之一。分析句子，时间状语so far标志现在完成时的时态，主语the total amount of carbon表单数，且 与find之间为动宾关系，所以谓语动词要用第三人称的现在完成被动。故填has been found。

14.徐汇区

Restoring the peaceful spaces of Keyuan, and others, in Suzhou honors the past and keeps ancient skills alive, Wang Kaihao reports.
Students studying here two centuries ago seemed to be really enviable (令人羡慕的). First ____21____(construct) in the 10th century as a part of a villa, the garden of Keyuan in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, was rebuilt and renewed on numerous occasions ____22____ history until it became a Confucian academy in 1805.
It was not, perhaps, an ivory tower where hermits became entirely emerged in metaphysical thinking honoring the ancient sages. The waterscape, rockeries and flourishing willows may have ushered (引导) students to step into a "painting" ____23____ earthly beauty and dynamics of a real world can be felt.
Keyuan, covering about 7,800 square meters, thus became the only ____24____ (survive) example among the classical gardens of Suzhou that ____25____ (function) as a school, whereas most of the rest were former residences.
However, its ownership changed hands several times in recent history, and the luster of the past seems ____26____ (forget) by the passing of time after the garden was finally used as offices and storerooms. The contrast became even more regrettable ____27____ the Great Wave Pavilion, a garden on the UNESCO World Heritage List that is just a few meters away across a narrow lane, was bustling with tourists every day.
When Keyuan was handed to He Fengchun, a veteran garden renovation designer, in 2012, her work to make “the pearl” shine again was challenging. The pond was muddy. Rocks were unstable. Plants were withering. Termites also took a toll on the buildings, the structure of which ____28____ (damage) through decades of neglect.
“Fortunately, its basic layout remained, ”recalls He, the director of Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architecture Design. “Detailed research of historical files and a survey of this site can thus offer us reliable references in ____29____ (consolidate) its structure and resuming the original landscape.”
Every step in the refurbishing and decorating process has to follow historical recordings and precedent, says the designer. If relevant documentation is vague, restorers ____30____ leave certain parts untouched to retain marks left by time.
“It took just more than one year for us to actually renovate this garden, but much longer time was spent in evaluating every detail in the plan and making sure of its historical accuracy,” she says.
Renovation of Keyuan was recognized with an Asia-Pacific Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation by UNESCO in 2019. A bright and elegant garden is now accessible to visitors and jointly portrays a culturally rich neighborhood with the Great Wave Pavilion.
【答案】21. constructed 22. throughout##in 23. where 24. surviving 25. functioned
26. to have been forgotten 27. when##as 28. had been damaged/was damaged
29. consolidating 30. would rather/have to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了了江苏省苏州可园的历史和保护现状。
【21题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：江苏省苏州可园始建于 10 世纪，它是一座别墅的一部分，在历史上曾多次重建和翻新，直到 1805 年成为文学院。分析句子结构可知，construct在句子中作为非谓语动词使用，它和句子主语“the garden of Keyuan in Suzhou”构成被动关系，因此该空填入这个动词的过去分词。故填constructed。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：江苏省苏州可园始建于 10 世纪，它是一座别墅的一部分，在历史上曾多次重建和翻新，直到 1805 年成为文学院。根据句意的需要可知，此处填入介词throughout或者in构成固定短语throughout/in history，意为“纵观历史”。故填throughout或者in。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：水景、假山和茂密的柳树或许会引领学生走进一幅“画”，在其中感受世俗之美和真实世界的动态。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词painting在从句中作状语，因此使用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：占地约7800平方米的可园成为苏州古典园林中唯一留存下来的校舍，其余多为故居。此处填入形容词作定语修饰example，survive的形容词为surviving（继续存在的）。故填surviving。
【25题详解】
考查时态。句意：占地约7800平方米的可园成为苏州古典园林中唯一留存下来的校舍，其余多为故居。分析句子结构可知，function在句子中作为谓语动词使用，再由became和were可知，function使用过去式。故填functioned。
【26题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：然而，它的所有权在近代历史上几次易手，在花园最终被用作办公室和储藏室之后，过去的光彩似乎已经随着时间的流逝被遗忘。seem后接动词不定式，通过“the passing of time after the garden was finally used as offices and storerooms（在花园最终被用作办公室和储藏室之后的时间流逝中）”表达的语境可知，此处意为“花园已经被遗忘”，因此动词不定式要使用完成被动式“to have been done”的形式。故填to have been forgotten。
【27题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：当隔着一条狭窄的小巷仅数米之遥的联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录中的大浪亭每天都挤满了游客时，这种对比变得更加令人遗憾。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。故填when或者as。
【28题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：白蚁还对建筑物造成了损失，建筑物的结构因数十年的疏忽而受损。分析句子结构可知，damage在句子中作为谓语动词使用，再由时间状语“through decades of neglect（数十年的疏忽）”可知，此处的时态使用过去完成时（强调“过去的过去”，即该动作在took之前发生）或者一般过去时（强调在“现在”之前的过去的时间内），主语structure和damage之间为被动关系。故填had been damaged或者was damaged。
【29题详解】
考查动名词。句意：因此，对历史档案的详细研究和对该遗址的调查可以为我们巩固其结构和恢复原始景观提供可靠的参考。介词in后面使用动名词作宾语。故填consolidating。
【30题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：如果相关文件模糊不清，修复者宁愿（不得不）保留某些部分原封不动，以保留时间留下的痕迹。根据句意和语境的需要，使用表示“宁愿（would rather）”或者“不得不（have to）”的表达方式。故填would rather或者have to。

15.杨浦区

Green Buildings and the Future of Taiwan’s Architecture
As people continue to find innovative ways to reduce waste and improve efficiency, more architects are turning to green buildings. ____21____ making an environmentally friendly building is a challenge, it’s possible to create beautiful spaces that improve their environments without negatively impacting nature.
One of Taiwan’s first truly green buildings is the Beitou Library. Apart from ____22____ (make) from sustainable building materials and making use of lots of natural light, the library also includes a complete recycling system and solar panels for power. In 2006, the building ____23____ (receive) a diamond rating in EEWH rating system. ____24____ (stand) for ecology, energy saving, waste reduction, and health, EEWH is a mark of Taiwan’s commitment to a more sustainable future.
____25____ has always made Taiwan architects proud is its leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building certification. The LEED certification is an international award only given to buildings ____26____ scores stand out in several categories of sustainability and health. Features measured ____27____ (range) from building materials and waste management to air quality and energy saving.
____28____ the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient. That’s because it is the tallest building in the world ____29____ (hold) a LEED certification. Thanks to a combination of construction, energy-saving, and waste reduction features, the iconic tower has saved thousands of tons in carbon emissions through its environmentally friendly design.
Many other buildings around the world have also been certified by LEED, ____30____ of which serves a step in the right direction towards a cleaner future.
【答案】21. Though##Although##While 22. being made 23. received 24. Standing
25. What 26. whose 27. range 28. Among##Of 29. to hold##holding 30. each##any
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是绿色建筑与台湾建筑的未来。
【21题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然建造环保建筑是一项挑战，但创造美丽的空间，在不影响自然的情况下改善环境是可能的。根据“making an environmentally friendly building is a challenge, it’s possible to create beautiful spaces that improve their environments without negatively impacting nature”可知，句子表示“虽然建造环保建筑是一项挑战，但创造美丽的空间，在不影响自然的情况下改善环境是可能的”，空格处意为“虽然”，可用though/although/while，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Though/Although/While。
【22题详解】
考查动名词。句意：除了使用可持续建筑材料和大量自然光外，图书馆还包括一个完整的回收系统和太阳能电池板。from是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，图书馆是被可持续建筑材料建成，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态，即being done，故填being made。
【23题详解】
考查时态。句意：2006年，该建筑在EEWH评级系统中获得了钻石评级。由In 2006可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式received，故填received。
【24题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：EEWH代表着生态、节能、减少废物和健康，是台湾致力于更可持续发展的未来的标志。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，EEWH和stand for之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填Standing。
【25题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：台湾建筑师一直引以为傲的是其在能源与环境设计（LEED）绿色建筑认证方面的领导地位。分析可知，空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“台湾建筑师一直引以为傲的是其在能源与环境设计（LEED）绿色建筑认证方面的领导地位”，空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
【26题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：LEED认证是一个国际奖项，只授予那些在可持续发展和健康方面得分突出的建筑。分析可知，空格处引导的是定语从句， buildings和scores之间是所属关系，因此空格处用whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
【27题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：测量的特征从建筑材料和废物管理到空气质量和节能。句子是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Features是复数，因此空格处用动词原形，故填range。
【28题详解】
考查介词。句意：在台湾数十个LEED认证建筑中，台北101建筑是最著名的获奖者。由“the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient”可知，句子表示“在台湾数十个LEED认证建筑中，台北101建筑是最著名的获奖者”，空格处意为“在……中”，是among/of，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Among/Of。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这是因为它是世界上最高的拥有LEED认证的建筑。because引导的句子中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，building前有最高级tallest修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，building和hold之间是主谓关系，因此也可用现在分词表主动，故填to hold/holding。
【30题详解】
考查代词。句意：世界上许多其他的建筑也通过了LEED认证，每一个都是朝着更清洁的未来的正确方向迈出的一步。由后文的“serves a step in the right direction towards a cleaner future”可知，句子表示“世界上许多其他的建筑也通过了LEED认证，每一个都是朝着更清洁的未来的正确方向迈出的一步”，空格处意为“每一个或任何一个”，可用each/any。故填each/any。

16.长宁区

Family history
During the late 19th century, in what is now Slovakia, a newspaper editor and novelist named Anton Bielek worked to preserve the Slovak language and culture at a time ____1____ Hungary was in power and trying to impose its language on the region. His marriage to Agnes, a Hungarian noble woman, was thus highly debatable. When Bielek was eventually imprisoned for his work, Agnes’ family took her in, and she gave birth to their daughter Anna. Anna grew up, moved to America, and became my great-grandmother.
I know the story above because my uncle spent a significant amount of time ____2____ (investigate) our family history. Studying one’s family history helps us connect the big historical events with the actual people behind them. It can also give us a deeper sense of who we are and where we came from.
If you want to investigate your family history, it’s easiest to start with ____3____ you know. Try making a family tree that lists your parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. If you don’t know the names of certain people, you ____4____ be able to ask older relatives, thereby involving them in your research.
After you’ve gone back as far as your living relatives can remember, tracing your family history gets ____5____ (hard). Depending on where you come from, there may or may not be documents with ____6____ (record) names, birth dates, ect. In some places, however, records ____7____ these might be available online.
One challenge my uncle faced when studying our family history was identifying one ancestor who had changed his name after moving to the United States. My uncle was required ____8____ (make) several inferences in order to figure out his original name. He also needed to know that the first name Chaim frequently ____9____ (translate) into English as Harry.
Difficult ____10____ researching your family history may be, it is worthwhile pursuit if you want a better understanding of where you come from. You may even find some exciting stories about things your ancestors were involved with and experienced.
【答案】1. when 2. investigating 3. whatever/what/who/whoever/whomever
4. might##may 5. harder 6. recorded 7. like 8. to make 9. was translated
10. as##though
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以作者叔叔调查家族史为例，介绍了调查家族史可能面临的困难，以及如何查询一些相关信息。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：19世纪末，在今天的斯洛伐克，一位名叫Anton Bielek的报纸编辑兼小说家努力保护斯洛伐克的语言和文化，当时匈牙利还在掌权，并试图在该地区加强斯洛伐克语。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词time在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【2题详解】
考查动名词。句意：我知道上面的故事是因为我叔叔花了大量的时间调查我们的家族史。根据固定短语spend...(in) doing sth.“花……做某事”可知，空处应填所给词的动名词形式作宾语。故填investigating。
【3题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：如果你想调查你的家族史，最简单的方法是从你所知道的（任何）事情（人）开始。分析可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，结合语境此处是指你所知道的（任何）事情或（任何）人，故应用连接代词what/whatever/who/whoever/whomever引导从句。故填what/whatever/who/whoever/whomever。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：如果你不知道某些人的名字，你可以询问年长的亲戚，从而让他们参与你的研究。空后为be动词原形，且结合句意此处表示“可以，能够”，应用情态动词may/might。故填may/might。
【5题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：当你回溯到你在世的亲戚能记得的最远的时候，追溯你的家族史就变得更难了。空处应填形容词作表语，结合语境和上文“as far as your living relatives can remember”可知，回溯到你在世的亲戚能记得的最远的时，追溯家族史就变得更困难了，表示“更难”应用比较级。故填harder。
【6题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：根据你来自哪里，可能有也可能没有记录姓名、出生日期等的文件。修饰后文名词词组names, birth dates应用形容词，且它们和record之间为逻辑被动关系，故应用过去分词转化的形容词recorded作定语。故填recorded。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：然而，在某些地方，像这样的记录可以在网上找到。结合句意和句子结构，表示“像”此处应填介词like，records like these“像这样的记录”。故填like。
【8题详解】
考查不定式。句意：我叔叔被要求进行几次推断，才算出他原来的名字。此处为短语require sb. to do sth.的被动语态be required to do sth.“被要求做某事”，不定式作主语补足语。故填to make。
【9题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：他还需要知道，Chaim这个名字在英语中经常被翻译成哈利。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主语the first name Chaim和translate之间为被动语态，且陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填was translated。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管研究你的家族史可能很困难，但如果你想更好地了解你来自哪里，这是值得追求的。结合句子结构可知，空处应填连词引导让步状语从句，此处将表语difficult置于句首，故应用as/though引导，当它们引导让步状语从句时要部分倒装，从句结构为：adj./adv./n,/v+as/though+主语+谓语+其他。故填as/though。