广东省广州市四校2022届高三英语上学期8月联考试题（Word版附答案）

这是一份广东省广州市四校2022届高三英语上学期8月联考试题（Word版附答案），共23页。试卷主要包含了 本试卷分第I卷两部分， 考生必须保证答题卡的整洁等内容，欢迎下载使用。
省实、执信、广雅、六中 2022届高三上学期8月四校联考
英语试题
本试卷10页， 满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、班级、考场、座位号填写在答题卡相应位置。用2B铅笔在“准考证号”处填涂信息点。因笔试不考听力，第I卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 作答第I卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息 点涂黑；如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 第II卷必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位罝上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案：不准使用铅笔和涂改液。 不按以上要求作答无效。
4. 考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
4 Popular Places to Go This Winter
Harbin, China
China Harbin’s winter is for the brave ones—the average temperature is 1.8°F- but those who brave the cold will be rewarded with experiencing one of the world’s largest winter festivals. 2021 marks the 37th Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival (January-March), when massive frozen structures rise and are lit up, transforming the city into a winter wonderland.
Lyon, France
Paris may be called The City of Light,but every December, light takes center stage in Lyon, France’s third-largest city. That’s when the annual Festival of Lights (around December 8) takes over, with light installations (装置)that transform the city’s streetscapes into modern works of art. The city is also home to two Christmas markets (one in La Croix-Rousse; the other at the Place Carnot; through December 25).
Lima, Peru
Peru’s capital Lima is home to the world’s highest number of cooking schools per person. Aside from its delicate dining, the city also has great cocktail bars where you can taste classic or contemporary takes on the Pisco Sour.Combine that with the oceanfront setting and temperatures in the 80s, and you’ll understand why Lima should no longer be ignored this winter.
Vermont, US
Winter in Vermont means skiing and snowboarding, Many resorts (度假胜地)have greatly upgraded their snowmaking abilities as part of a $15 million statewide program that replaced many outdated snow guns with new, low-energy models.These new machines will also improve the quality of snow surfaces and lengthen the season, meaning this will be one of the best winters for skiing and riding in Vermont in recent memory.
1. What similarities do the first two places have?
A. They are decorated with lights. B. They offer snow sculptures.
C. They have three-day festivals. D. They are extremely cold.
2. Which provides a good chance to buy a Christmas gift?
A. Harbin. B. Lyon. C. Lima. D. Vermont.
3. What’s new to the resorts in Vermont?
A. Skiing and snowboarding. B. A longer winter.
C. Cooking schools. D. Updated equipment.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了这个冬天可以去游玩的四个地方，以及每个地方的特色。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“2021 marks the 37th Harbin Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival (January﹣March), when massive frozen structures rise and are lit up, transforming the city into a winter wonderland. (2021年是第37届哈尔滨国际冰雪雕塑节（1﹣3月），巨大的冰冻建筑拔地而起，点亮灯光，将哈尔滨变成冬季的仙境)”和第二段的“That’s when the annual Festival of Lights (around December 8) takes over, with light installations (装置)that transform the city’s streetscapes into modern works of art. (届时，一年一度的灯节(12月8日左右)将举行，灯光装置将城市的街景变成现代艺术作品)”可知，哈尔滨和里昂的特点是都会用灯来对其进行装饰。A. They are decorated with lights.(它们都用灯装饰)符合以上说法，故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“The city is also home to two Christmas markets (one in La Croix-Rousse; the other at the Place Carnot; through December 25).(这座城市还有两个圣诞集市（一个在拉克罗瓦罗西，另一个在Place Carton,一直到12月25日）)”可知，在里昂购买圣诞礼物是非常棒的，因为它有圣诞集市。B. Lyon.(里昂)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Winter in Vermont means skiing and snowboarding, Many resorts (度假胜地) have greatly upgraded their snowmaking abilities as part of a $15 million statewide program that replaced many outdated snow guns with new,low-energy models.(Vermont 的冬天意味着滑雪和单板滑雪。作为一项耗资1500万美元的全州计划的一部分，许多度假村大大提高了它们的造雪能力，该计划用新的、低能耗的型号取代了许多过时的雪枪) ”可知，Vermont更新了滑雪设备。D. Updated equipment.(更新的设备)符合以上说法，故选D项。
B
I’ve worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since I graduated from high school, but making the transition (转变) between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is torture.My friends never seem to understand why I’m so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There’re few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant,which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight.Issues like downsizing (裁员) and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring true.
These lessons I’m learning, however valuable, are always tinged (带有) with sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places where I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. “This job pays well, but it’s hell on the body,” said one co-worker. “Study hard and keep reading,” she added.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good
4. How did the author look back on his summer days while at college?
A. They brought him nothing but torture.
B. They were no holiday for him at all.
C. They were a relief from his hard work at school.
D. They offered him a chance to know more people.
5. What does the author say about college students?
A. They expect too much from the real world. B. They have little interest in blue-collar life.
C. They think too highly of themselves. D. They are confident of their future.
6. What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers?
A. They do not have job security. B. They do not get decent pay.
C. They have to work 12-hour shifts. D. They have to move from place to place.
7. In what important way has the author’s work experience changed him?
A. He learned to be more practical. B. He acquired a sense of urgency.
C. He came to respect blue-collar workers. D. He came to appreciate his college education.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者曾在暑假期间去工厂做蓝领工人的经历，并且从这份经历中感悟的道理。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“My friends never seem to understand why I’m so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation. (我的朋友们似乎从来都不明白，为什么我回到学校后会如释重负，也不明白我的暑假完全不是一个假期)”可知，对于作者来说，他的暑假根本不像是真正的暑假。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“There’re few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. (很少有人像尚未踏足社会的大学生一样自信。我这个年龄的人似乎总是高估了他们的时间和知识的价值)”可知，作者认为现在的大学生往往高估了自己的价值。故选C。
6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight.(蓝领生活中压力最大的事情就是知道你的工作可能会在一夜之间消失)”可知，蓝领工作最让人沮丧的就是可能会一夜之间失去工作，缺乏安全性和稳定性。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.(我在工厂的经历激励我在进入真实世界之前充分利用我的大学时光)”可知，工厂工作的经历让作者更加珍惜在校学习、接受教育的机会。故选D。
C
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望） in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.Since competition is seen as the. major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected.Competition is not only good in itself. it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government，many businesses compete against each other for profits Theoretically, if one business tries to. take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast often made between business,which is competitive,and government, which is a monopoly, Because business is competitive,many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe,then,that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy（民主）in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)ideal of inherited privilege.
8. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means ________.
A. America is a great power in world business
B. Business is of primary concern to Americans
C. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
D. Business problems are of great importance to the American government
9. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.
A. by protecting their individual freedom B. when given equality of opportunity
C. by way of competition D. through doing business
10. Who can benefit from business competition?
A. People with ideals of equality and freedom. B. Both business institutions and government.
C. Honest business D. Both businessmen and their customers.
11. It can be inferred from countries that the author believes ________.
A. in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
B. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何形式的组织，有更多的威望。文章介绍了为什么商业机构拥有如此高的声望。
【8题详解】
句意猜测题。根据第一段中“that business institutions have more prestige（威望） in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.”可知，在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织，有更多的威望，说明美国人很关注商业，故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Competition is not only good in itself. it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.”可知， 竞争本身不仅是好事。它是美国其他基本价值观如个人自由、机会平等和努力工作得到保护的手段，由此可知，美国人可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值，故选C。
【10题详解】
直接理解题。第三段中“Competition is not only good in itself. it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.”可知，商业竞争不仅对自身有好处，它还提供给顾客更多的机会等，由此可知，商人和顾客都会受到好处，故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)ideal of inherited privilege.”（竞争被视为一种公开和公平的竞争，在这种竞争中，成功属于反应最快的人，而不管他或她的社会阶层背景如何）可知，作者认为在许多国家，成功往往取决于一个人的社会地位，故选A。
【点睛】
D
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often (conveniently) referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our Instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
12. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ________.
A. why one’s behaviors differ from others’
B. what makes different stages of intelligence
C. how social scientists form different theories
D. what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy
13. The word “proponents” can best be replaced by ________.
A. approaches B. advocates C. principles D. characters
14. What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A. They believe human beings are mechanical.
B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D. They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
15. The “nature” theorists believe that the blacks’ low scores ________.
A. are the result of the educational disadvantages
B. have nothing to do with their true intelligence
C. are an indication of the blacks’ poor intelligence
D. have nothing to do with factors other than instincts
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了人的性格和行为模式是如何形成的，是什么决定了每个人的性格行为与他人不同。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文文意，以及第一段“People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.”（长期以来，人们一直想知道他们的性格和行为是如何形成的。很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人合作而另一个人竞争。）和第二段“They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. ”（他们想解释为什么我们拥有某些特征并表现出某些行为。）可知，本篇文章主要讲述了人的性格和行为模式是如何形成的，是什么决定了每个人的性格行为与他人不同，故选A。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.”（正如人们所预料的那样，这两种方法是非常不同的，每一种理论的 proponents之间都有大量的争论。）以及第三段中“Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.”（那些支持“天性”观点的人认为，我们的性格和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物和遗传因素决定的。）可知，两派的支持者间有大量的争论，由此可知，划线词为 “支持者”的意思，故选B。

【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.”（行为主义者认为人类的行为几乎完全受周围环境的影响。他们对人的看法是相当机械的；他们坚持认为，像机器一样，人类对环境刺激的反应是他们行为的基础。）可知，行为主义者认为人们像机器一样对周围环境的刺激做出反应，故选C。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our Instincts.”（极端地说，这个理论认为我们的行为，在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配。）和倒数第二段 “This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites.”（这导致一些“天然派”支持者得出结论，黑人在基因上不如白人。）可知， “天然派”支持者认为人们的行为除了本能之外和其他因素没有关系，黑人的低分是基因问题，与本能以外的因素无关。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically related to automation and the loss of jobs, but a recent survey found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating or replacing human activities. Here are a few other ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees.
Better hiring practices
Companies are using AI to remove some unconscious bias from hiring decisions, There are experiments that show that the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does. ____16____ One company called Blendoor uses AI to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.
More effective marketing
Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates.One company in the UK Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent in terms of email open rates. This can mean millions more in taxation. ____17____These are tools that help people use data.
Saving customers money
Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their insurance fees on AI models that spot risks more accurately. ____18____ Or they would charge too little and then it would cost the company money.
Improved accuracy
Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes data more valuable. It helps people make smarter decisions. ____19____ This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.
Protecting and maintaining infrastructure
A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use Al image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingos. ____20____.
A. AI replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have AI go out and look for relevant sources and information.
B. One accounting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review contracts.
C. There are also companies like Acquisto, which analyzes advertising performance land makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will lead to best results.
D. You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go to.
E. Before, they might not ensure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much.
F. We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human scale.
G. AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising applicants.
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。在电影和电视中，人工智能通常与自动化和失业有关，但最近的一项调查发现，企业目前更多地将人工智能用于计算机对计算机的活动，而不是自动化或取代人类活动。文章列举了一些人工智能在不取代员工的情况下帮助企业的情况。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Companies are using AI to remove some unconscious bias from hiring decisions, There are experiments that show that the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does.(一些公司正在使用人工智能来消除招聘决定中的一些无意识偏见。有实验表明，面试结果比人工智能更有偏见)”以及后文“One company called Blendoor uses AI to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.(一家名为Blendoor的公司使用人工智能来帮助识别招聘过程中可能存在的偏见)”可知，上文提到了人工智能在招聘中能够消除无意识偏见的优势，可知本句应承接上文继续说明人工智能在这方面的优势。故G选项“人工智能看简历的数量比人类要多，它会挑选出更有前途的应聘者”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates.One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent in terms of email open rates. This can mean millions more in taxation.(一些人工智能软件可以分析和优化营销电子邮件主题，以提高打开率。英国一家名为Phrasee的公司声称，他们的软件在邮件打开率方面比人类高出10%。这意味着税收将增加数百万)”可知，上文列举了可以分析和优化营销电子邮件主题的人工智能软件，可知本句与上文并列，都是在列举这样的软件。故C选项“还有像Acquisto这样的公司，他们会分析广告表现，并就广告资金在哪里能带来最好的结果做出调整或建议”符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their insurance fees on AI models that spot risks more accurately.(能源公司可以利用人工智能帮助客户降低电费。公司也可以优化自己的能源使用，降低电力成本。与此同时，保险公司可以根据更准确地发现风险的人工智能模型来收取保险费用)”以及后文“Or they would charge too little and then it would cost the company money.(或者他们收取的费用太少，公司就会因此损失资金)”可知，后文提到了收取费用太少的情况，可知本句是在说明收费过多的情况，故E选项“在此之前，他们可能不会确保那些感觉风险高的人，或者收取他们太多的费用”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes data more valuable. It helps people make smarter decisions.(机器学习通常提供一种更可靠的统计形式，使数据更有价值。它帮助人们做出更明智的决定)”以及后文“This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate.(这个过程，连同雇员审查合同，是更快和更准确的)”可知，后文提到了审查合同，B选项中review contracts对应后文中reviewing the contracts。故B选项“EY会计师事务所使用人工智能系统来帮助审查合同”符合语境，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use Al image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingos.(许多公司，特别是在能源和交通领域，使用Al图像处理技术检查基础设施，防止设备故障发生。Domingos说：“如果它们先失败了，然后再修复，成本会非常高。”)”可知，上文提到了Domingos对于AI图像处理技术检查基础设施的看法，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明他对此的评价。故D选项“你想预测现在是否有什么事情需要关注，并指出哪些地方对员工有用”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“Life is precious....To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that ____21____, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired?” These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this ____22____ woman, and what carried her through a life of hard ____23____.
As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was deeply ____24____ by her mother’s death. At age 18, ____25____following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she chose to study medicine. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother ____26____ , thinking of the high tuition fees.
Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College with the highest prize. She ____27____ became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident hysician in the PUMC Hospital.After working for a few years, she was sent to study in Europe and then, in the US. She greatly ____28____ her American colleagues,who invited her to stay. Dr Lin, however, ____29____ the offer. She wanted to serve the women and children ____30____.
The new Poeple’s Republic of China ____31____ Dr Lin Qiaozhi playinga key role. She was elected to be the first National People’s Congress and held many important ____32____. Her heart, however,was ____33____. She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research and training doctors.
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies,” having delivered over 50.000 babies in her lifetime. Dr Lin did not retire until the day she ____34____, 22 April 1983.Even as she lay dying;her ____35____ thoughts were for others.
21. A. belief B. trust C. feeling D. virtue
22. A. old B. professional C. amazing D. single
23. A. choices B. times C. facts D. businesses
24. A. encouraged B. touched C. disturbed D. affected
25. A. regardless of B. instead of C. ahead of D. in spite of
26. A. doubted B. wondered C. complained D. insisted
27. A. immediately B. surprisingly C. eventually D. suddenly
28. A. envied B. shocked C. appreciated D. impressed
29. A. disliked B. rejected C. withdrew D. made
30. A. in need B. at school C. in hospital D. at home
31. A. prevented B. had C. saw D. caught
32. A. positions B. activities C. meetings D. records
33. A. nowhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. elsewhere
34 A. passed away B. passed by C. passed out D. passed off
35 A. real B. final C. positive D. anxious
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了林巧稚医生的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：生命是宝贵的……对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能说我又冷又饿又累，拒绝这种信任呢？A. belief信念；B. trust信任；C. feeling感觉，感受；D. virtue美德。由前文“if they entrust me with that life”可知，此处指的是人们对林巧稚的信任。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：林巧稚医生的这些话让我们了解了这位了不起的女性的内心，以及是什么让她经历了艰难的选择。A. old旧的，老的；B. professional职业的；C. amazing了不起的；D. single单身的。根据文章第一句话和后文介绍的林巧稚的突出成就，我们知道她是一个了不起的女性。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. choices选择；B. times时光；C. facts事实；D. businesses生意。根据后文“she chose to study medicine.”和文章的描述可知，此处指林巧稚做出了一些艰难抉择。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个五岁的小女孩，林巧稚深受母亲去世的影响。A. encouraged鼓励；B. touched感动；C. disturbed打扰；D. affected影响。由后文“by her mother’s death.”可知，五岁时，林巧稚的母亲去世了，这对她有很大的影响。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：18岁时，她没有像大多数女孩那样遵循传统的婚姻道路，而是选择了学医。A. regardless of不管，不顾；B. instead of代替；而不是；C. ahead of早于；D. in spite of虽然。由后文“she chose to study medicine.”可知，因为林巧稚学医了，这与大多数女孩那样遵循传统的婚姻道路不一样，所以此处需用instead of。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“为什么女孩子要学那么多？找到一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标！” 想到高昂的学费的弟弟抱怨道。A. doubted怀疑；B. wondered想知道；C. complained抱怨；D. insisted坚持。由后文“thinking of the high tuition fees.”可知，因为学医费用昂贵，所以弟弟对姐姐学医的决定开始抱怨。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她立即成为第一位被聘为北京协和医院（PUMC）住院医师的女性。A. immediately立刻；B. surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. eventually最终；D. suddenly突然。根据前文“Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College with the highest prize.”可知，林巧稚医学院一毕业，就成为了一名北京协和医院（PUMC）住院医师。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她给她的美国同事留下了深刻的印象，他们邀请她留下来。A. envied嫉妒；B. shocked使吃惊；C. appreciated感激，欣赏；D. impressed给……留下印象。由后文“who invited her to stay.”可知，因为她给美国同事留下了深刻的印象，所以美国同事邀请她留下来。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，林巧稚医生拒绝了这一提议。A. disliked不喜欢；B. rejected拒绝；C. withdrew撤退；D. made制作。由转折副词however可知，林巧稚拒绝了美国同事的挽留。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：她想为祖国的妇女和儿童服务。A. in need困难的，有需要的；B. at school在学校；C. in hospital住院；D. at home在家。前文说美国医院想要挽留林巧稚，但她拒绝了。由此可知，此处表示她想回家，为祖国的妇女和儿童服务。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：中华人民共和国成立见证了林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。A. prevented阻止；B. had有；C. saw目睹，见证；D. caught抓住。根据后文“Dr Lin Qiaozhi playinga key role.”可知，中华人民共和国成立见证了林巧稚发挥了更大的作用。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她当选为第一届全国人民代表大会代表，担任过许多重要职务。A. positions职位；B. activities活动；C. meetings会议；D. records记录。由前文“She was elected to be the first National People’s Congress”可知，因为林巧稚当选为第一届全国人民代表大会代表，所以此处表示她担任过很多重要职务。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的心却在别处。A. nowhere没有地方；B. anywhere任何地方；C. everywhere所有地方；D. elsewhere在别处。由后文“She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research and training doctors.”可知，虽然担任很多重要职务，但她更对医学感兴趣，所有此处表示心在别处。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：林巧稚医生直到1983年4月22日去世才退休。A. passed away去世；B. passed by经过；C. passed out昏倒；D. passed off顺利进行。根据后文“Even as she lay dying”和常识可知，林巧稚医生于1983年4月22日去世。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在她弥留之际，她最后的想法还是为别人着想。A. real真实的；B. final最后的；C. positive积极的；D. anxious着急的。由前文“Even as she lay dying”可知，因为在弥留之际，所有此处指的是林巧稚医生最后的想法，此时她想到的还是别人。故选B。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Were you the first or the last child in your family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think ____36____ matters where you were born in your family. But there are different ideas about ____37____ birth order means. Some people say that the oldest children, ____38____ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ____39____(succeed). The reason ____40____ this is simple. Parents have a lot of time for the first child, and give him or her a lot of attention. An only child will succeed for ____41____ same reason. What happens to the other children in the family? ____42____(lose) in the crowd sometimes, middle children don’t get so much attention when a family has many children, so they don’t feel that important. The youngest child, however, often gets special ____43____(treat). Often this child grows up to be funny. But a recent study saw things quite ____44____(difference). The study found that first children believed in family rules. They didn’t take many chances in their lives. They usually ____45____(follow) orders. Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family. They took chances and they often did better in life.
【答案】36. it 37. what
38. who 39. to succeed
40. for 41. the
42. Lost 43. treatment
44. differently
45. followed
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了孩子在家中的排行的影响。
【36题详解】
考查形式主语。句意：有些人认为你出生在家庭的哪个位置很重要。分析句子结构可知，此处句中“matters”是宾语从句谓语，主语从句“where you were born in your family”是真正的宾语从句主语，故空处填需要填写形式主语，故填it。
【37题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：但是关于出生顺序的含义有不同的观点。此句为宾语从句，且宾语从句中缺少宾语，指物，意为“什么”，故填what。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有些人说，年纪最大的孩子既聪明又意志坚强，很有可能成功。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the oldest children，指人，在从句中作主语，故填who。
【39题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：有些人说，年纪最大的孩子既聪明又意志坚强，很有可能成功。be likely to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，该空用动词不定式形式，故填to succeed。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：这原因很简单。the reason for...意为“……的理由”，为固定用法，故填for。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：独生子女也会因为同样的原因而成功。根据空后的“same reason”可知，此空应该填定冠词，the same (相同的)，故填the。
【42题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：当一个家庭有很多孩子的时候，中间的孩子有时会在人群中消失，不会得到太多的关注，所以他们不会觉得自己很重要。be lost in...意为“沉迷于……”，过去分词 lost相当于形容词，表状态，在句中作状语，首字母大写，故填Lost。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，最小的孩子通常会得到特殊的待遇。根据空前的“get special”可知，此处应该填写名词作宾语，故填treatment。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：但最近的一项研究却有不同的看法。分析句子可知，此句缺少状语，故用副词形式修饰动词saw，故填differently。
【45题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们通常服从命令。根据上下文的时态可知，此处应该用一般过去时，故填followed。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华。北京时间2021年6月17日9时22分，神舟十二号载人飞，请你写一封邮件向同为航天爱好者的英国笔友Mike分享这个消息，内容包括：
1. 神舟十二号载人飞船的历史意义（空间站建造阶段的首次载人飞行任务、三名航天员将完成为期三个月的天和核心舱驻留等）；
2. 你的感想。
参考词汇： 神舟十二号飞船 Shenzhou XII spacecraft；
空间站建设阶段 space station construction phase;
天和核心舱 Tianhe core module
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Mike,
As a space enthusiast like you, I really can’t wait to share with you a most stirring news that China’s Shenzhou XII spacecraft was launched into space successfully at 9:22 am.,June 17,2021 Beijing time.
The successful launch of Shenzhou XII spacecraft is without doubt of great historic significance. Not only does it mark the first manned spaceflight during China’s space station construction phase,carrying three astronauts to Tianhe core module,where they are to complete a three-month mission, but it also plays a critical role in testing the technologies and equipment for the construction of the space station.
It is this groundbreaking achievement that makes me realize that China is always undertaking its responsibility in fulfilling the global dream of exploring the space,which is what I am proud of. And I’m eagerly expecting more good news about the Shenzhou XII program.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Mike写封信，与他分享神舟十二号载人飞船的消息。
【详解】1.词汇积累
激动人心的：exciting→stirring
意义：meaning→significance
完成：finish→complete
决定性的：decisive→critical
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The successful launch of Shenzhou XII spacecraft is without doubt of great historic significance.
拓展句：Shenzhou XII spacecraft was lanuched successfully，which is without doubt of great historic significance.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Not only does it mark the first manned spaceflight during China’s space station construction phase,carrying three astronauts to Tianhe core module,where they are to complete a three-month mission, but it also plays a critical role in testing the technologies and equipment for the construction of the space station.（Not only置于句首的倒装句；where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2] It is this groundbreaking achievement that makes me realize that China is always undertaking its responsibility in fulfilling the global dream of exploring the space,which is what I am proud of.（强调句；which引导的定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man called Ben was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. His bed was next to the room's only window. The other man, Leo, had to spend all his time flat on his back.
The men talked for hours on end. They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on vacation.
And every afternoon when Ben could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. Leo began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and lightened by all the activity and color of the world outside.
The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm among flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city could be seen in the distance. As Ben described all this in detail, Leo would close his eyes and imagine the beautiful scene.
One warm afternoon Ben described a parade passing by. Although Leo couldn't hear the band — he could see it in his mind's eye as the gentleman by the window described it with descriptive words. Each time the nurse saw the warm and touching scene, she was always struck by devoted friendship between these two men. Days and weeks passed.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150左右 。
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One morning, the nurse arrived to check the two men, only to find the lifeless body of Ben.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
However, he could see nothing but a blank wall of another building.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Para 1:
One morning, the nurse arrived to check the two men, only to find the lifeless body of Ben. After his death, the room was filled with dead silence. Lying in the bed, Leo couldn’t help staring at the only window, tears pouring down his cheeks. Dying to see the view described by Ben, Leo asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable she left him alone. Painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow and slowly turned to take his first look at the world through the window. He thought he would have the joy of seeing it for himself.
Para 2:
However, he could see nothing but a blank wall of another building. Stunned and paralyzed, Leo couldn’t believe what he thought was a beautiful scene turned out to be just a blank wall. After all, Ben’s descriptions of the outside world were so convincing and vivid. When he asked the nurse what could have forced his deceased roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window, the nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, “Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you.” It was Ben’s devoted love to his dear friend that pictured an everlasting rainbow in Leo’s world.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了两个病重的男人住在同一间病房，一个Ben的人被允许每天下午在床上坐一个小时，帮助排出肺部的液体。他的床紧挨着房间里唯一的窗户。另一个人，Leo不得不整天平躺着。每天Ben都会给Leo描述窗外的世界，Leo听着也很高兴。最后Ben去世了，Leo移到了窗边，才发现窗外只有一堵空墙，护士才告诉他Ben是盲人，甚至连墙都看不见。而正是Ben对他亲爱的朋友的挚爱，才使他的世界里出现了一道永恒的彩虹。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一天早上，护士来检查这两个人，却发现了Ben的尸体。”可知，第一段可描写Ben去世后，Leo申请移到窗边，他想透过窗户看外面的世界。
②由第二段首句内容“然而，他什么也看不见，只看见另一座建筑物的空墙。”可知，第二段可描写Leo看到窗外是墙之后的反应，当他问护士是什么促使他已故的室友描述窗外的美好事物时，护士回答说，Ben是盲人，甚至连墙都看不见。正是Ben对他亲爱的朋友的挚爱，才使他的世界里出现了一道永恒的彩虹。
2.续写线索：Ben去世——Leo移到窗边——Leo看到空墙——护士告知真相——Ben对他亲爱的朋友的挚爱，才使他的世界里出现了一道永恒的彩虹
3.词汇激活
行为类
充满：be filled with / be full of
渴望：die to do sth./ long to do sth.
回答：respond/ reply
情绪类
吃惊：stunned/ shocked
高兴：happy / glad
【点睛】[高分句型1] Stunned and paralyzed, Leo couldn’t believe what he thought was a beautiful scene turned out to be just a blank wall. (运用了what引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] It was Ben’s devoted love to his dear friend that pictured an everlasting rainbow in Leo’s world. (运用了强调句)