人教版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价4 必修第一册 UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS含答案

课时质量评价(四)

必修第一册　UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

(2021·全国重点中学模拟)Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest 1. ________ (get) at least 150 minutes of moderate (适度的) physical activity every week.

Many people exercise 2. ________ a few minutes every day or every other day. So, getting those 150 minutes every week 3. ________ (be) easier. But what about those times 4. ________ you are sick? If you do not feel well, should you keep following 5. ________ (you) exercise routine? Will physical activity help you to feel better more 6. ________ (quick) or will it delay the healing process?

Health experts answer these and other 7. ________ (question) on the Mayo Clinic website. This clinic is a non­profit medical centre in the United States. Edward R. Laskowski is a doctor at 8. ________ clinic. He notes that mild to moderate physical activity is usually OK if you have a common cold. “It is usually fine 9. ________ (exercise)，” he explains, “if your symptoms (症状) are all above the neck, such as a runny nose, sneezing etc.”

In fact, Laskowski 10. ________ (add) that exercise may make you feel better by “opening your nasal passages”. This may temporarily relieve nasal congestion (鼻塞) and help you to breathe more easily.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。每天坚持运动可以强健体魄，但是如果你感觉不舒服，你是否应该继续坚持锻炼？本文给出了一些建议。

1. getting　考查非谓语动词。句意：美国心脏协会的医生建议每周至少要进行150分钟的适度的身体锻炼。suggest doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”，故填getting。

2. for　考查介词。句意：许多人每天或每隔一天会做几分钟的运动。“for＋一段时间”表示动作或情况持续的时间，故填for。

3. is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，要达到一周150分钟的运动量是比较容易的。此处是动名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数，且根据上下文语境可知，时态应用一般现在时，故填is。

4. when　考查定语从句。 句意：但是你生病的时候怎么办？分析句子结构可知，设空处是定语从句的关系词，先行词为those times，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。

5. your　考查代词。句意：如果你感觉不舒服，你是否应该继续坚持你的常规锻炼？设空后是名词，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填your。

6. quickly　考查副词。句意：锻炼身体能帮助你康复得更快还是会延迟康复过程？分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词feel，应用副词，故填quickly。

7. questions　考查名词单复数。句意：健康专家在梅奥医学中心网站上回答这些问题以及其他相关问题。设空前有these and other 限定，因此要用名词的复数形式，故填questions。

8. the　考查冠词。句意：爱德华·R·拉斯科夫斯基是这个医学中心的一名医生。此处特指前一句中提及的医学中心，故填the。

9. to exercise　考查非谓语动词。 句意：“如果你的症状都在脖子以上，例如流鼻涕、打喷嚏等，锻炼通常是有好处的。”他解释说。It is＋adj. ＋to do sth.是一个固定句型，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式后的内容，故填to exercise。

10. adds　考查时态。句意：拉斯科夫斯基补充说，实际上运动可以通过“打开你的鼻腔”让你感觉更舒服。分析句子成分可知，Laskowski作主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，再根据上下文时态可知，此处要用一般现在时，故填adds。

B

We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through 1. ________(leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea 2. ________ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called “Biophilia”， 3. ________(mean) “love of life and the living world”. Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas 4. ________(grow) sharply. By 2050, it is estimated that a shocking sixty­eight percent of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places — full of 5. ________(excite), innovation and energy. 6. ________ living in a city can be stressful. And the more we live in them, 7. ________ more stress we have, leading to increases in mental illnesses 8. ________ depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature on the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organisations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us 9. ________(step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a 10.  ________ (rapid) changing world.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大自然会让人感觉很好。

1. leaves　考查名词单复数。leaf是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词，所以要用其复数形式。故填leaves。

2. that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是idea的同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，所以使用无实义、只起连接作用的连接词that引导。故填that。

3. meaning　考查非谓语动词。句意：人类有与自然连接的生理需要，这个观点被称为Biophilia，意为对生活和生存的世界的爱。句子的谓语是has been called，所以此处要用非谓语动词形式，与 Biophilia是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。

4. has grown　考查时态。句中有时间标志so far，要用现在完成时，the number作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。

5. excitement 　考查名词。设空前of 是介词，后面接名词。故填excitement。

6. But　考查连词。句意：但是住在城市里是有压力的。上一句和下一句是转折关系，又在句首。故填But。

7. the　考查定冠词。句意：而且我们在城市里住得越多，我们就会有越多的压力，会导致像抑郁和孤独这样的心理疾病的增加。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，就越……”。故填the。

8. like　考查介词。like作介词时意为“像”。故填like。

9. to step　考查固定搭配。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to step。

10. rapidly　考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空白处应填副词，用来修饰changing, rapid的副词是rapidly。故填rapidly。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 一旦你开始学习英语， 你就应该把它学好。(once)

Once_you_begin_to_learn_English,you should learn it well.

2. 只有我们知道日常生活做什么，并且过一种低碳生活，我们才能有所不同。(make a difference)

Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low­carbon life can_we_ make_a_difference.

3. 当老师进入教室时，那个偷懒的男孩假装正在读英语单词。(pretend)

The lazy boy pretended_to_be_reading English words when the teacher entered the classroom.

4. 我们坚信他会参加2022年北京冬奥会的比赛。(compete)

We hold the firm belief that he_will_compete_in_the_Winter_Olympics in Beijing in 2022.

5. 我宁愿向朋友借钱来帮你也不愿拒绝你。(rather than)

I prefer to borrow money from my friends to help you rather_than_refuse_you.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ.  阅读理解

A

Keeping fit often means sharing a busy pathway with cyclists, runners and walkers, but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears.

Newly formed group Achilles Brisbane pairs vision­and hearing­impaired(视觉和听觉受损的) athletes with people who would like to guide them.

Jane Britt, president of Achilles Brisbane, who is vision­and hearing­impaired, said, “When we go out, it's much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us what's there.”

Ms Cullen and Ms Britt meet up most Saturday mornings to take part in the free five­kilometre park run. Their partnership is built on trust, but Ms Britt said that it took time to develop.

Ms Britt said it took an unexpected storm for her to trust Ms Cullen completely.“There was violent rain, my glasses were broken and we were walking together. I suddenly had to tell her I couldn't see anything, and I was going to have to completely trust her. From that time I knew it was going to work because she was so good about dealing with the special situation we both found ourselves in，” she said.

Isabella Allen and her seeing eye dog Tatum are two new additions to the Achilles Brisbane. Ms Allen kept active by rowing, running and cycling but found it difficult to keep going as her vision became worse. After nearly giving up completely, she worked up the courage to ask Achilles Brisbane to find someone to share a boat with her.

Ms Allen said the fear of not finding anyone to row with almost stopped her from reaching out to Achilles Brisbane.“But, they found people and matched me to them，” she said. “It's the best thing I've ever done.”

1. What does Paragraph 1 try to show?

A. The danger of walking on a busy road.

B. The difficulty the disabled athletes face.

C. The exercise people do to keep fit.

D. The necessity of building roads for the blind.

2. How does Jane Britt feel about going out alone?

A. Relaxed. B. Excited.

C. Worried. D. Bored.

3. What happened in the heavy rain according to Ms Britt?

A. She developed a strong sense of teamwork.

B. She led Ms Cullen forward on the road.

C. She began to rely on Ms Cullen as her guide.

D. She fell down on the ground.

4. What was the best thing Ms Allen has done?

A. Asking Achilles Brisbane for help.

B. Working in Achilles Brisbane.

C. Exercising non­stop.

D. Meeting Tatum.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。残疾人参加体育锻炼与正常人是不同的，他们常常面临各种挑战，为此一个锻炼帮扶组织应运而生。文章讲述了该组织帮扶的两个具体事例。

1. B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“... but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face，unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears.”可知，对于视觉和听觉受损的运动员来说，参加锻炼是一项挑战，除非有人做他们的耳朵和眼睛；由此可推知，第一段旨在说明残疾人运动员所面临的困难，故B项正确。

2. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When we go out, it's much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us what's there.”可知，Jane Britt认为，他们出去的时候，如果身旁有听力正常的人为他们去听并告诉他们那里有什么，那就没有那么可怕了。由此可推知，Jane Britt对独自外出感到担忧。故C项正确。

3. C　细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“I suddenly had to tell her I couldn't see anything，and I was going to have to completely trust her.”可知，Britt的眼镜在大雨中碎了，她看不到东西，完全依靠Cullen女士帮她指路。故C项正确。

4. A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“‘But，they found people and matched me to them，’she said. ‘It's the best thing I've ever done.’”可知，Allen女士认为她做的最好的事情是向Achilles Brisbane求助，故A项正确。

B

(2020·山东济南外国语学校测试)A 2018 report found that food waste would increase by a third to 2.1 billion tons by 2030. Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown­away food generates a gas that contributes to climate change.

Home delivery meal kits can reduce food waste by more than two­thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally­ friendly.

Tailor­made meal kits cut waste by providing people with precise amounts of fresh ingredients (原料) for chosen recipes，meaning leftovers are minimised. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same food ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single­use packaging. The good news is that if people have meals that are tailored for consumption, they won't overbuy and have less food waste. They fine­tune the amount of food to what they will actually eat.

Meal kits can reduce transport emissions (排放物) if people go to the supermarket less frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper, they may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals for a lot of people in the neighbourhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.

However, studies found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth.The packaging is a killer if it's single­use and thrown away, which can make all the environmental benefits lost. But if the packaging can be reused, if it's the glass bottle, like in the old days, we can get some benefits.

5. What can we learn about home delivery meal kits?

A. They can cut down on daily expenses.

B. They will totally solve the problem of food waste.

C. They can keep energy consumption to a minimum.

D. They will benefit the environment with reusable packaging.

6. What does the underlined word “fine­tune” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Attach. B. Adjust.

C. Raise. D. Compare.

7. Carrying meals with a delivery truck can ________.

A. reduce transport emissions

B. save more food

C. make people shop only in the supermarket

D. shorten car trip distances

8. What's the author's attitude to meal kits?

A. Supportive. B. Unfavourable.

C. Objective. D. Indifferent.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。家庭送餐盒可以减少超过三分之二的食物浪费，但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装，使其更加环保。

5. D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知选D。

6. B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The good news is that if people have meals that are tailored for consumption, they won't overbuy and have less food waste.”及画线词所在句可知，人们可以根据实际要吃多少来调整食物数量。故选B。

7. A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Meal kits can reduce transport emissions (排放物) if people go to the supermarket less frequently.”和“So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.”可知选A。

8. C　观点态度题。文章介绍了餐盒的利与弊，由此可推知，作者对餐盒的使用持客观的态度。故选C。

Ⅱ. 读后续写

(2020·山东九校期末检测)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was the hottest time of the year in southern California. Steve, a star basketball player at the University of California, with his cousin Zach, had planned a camping trip in the forest for their summer vacation.

The boys gathered clothes and supplies, and began their great adventure with their dog Brady early in the morning. Upon arrival, Steve pulled over to the side of the road along the bank of the river. “A wonderful place for fishing，” Steve exclaimed in delight. Zach nodded in agreement.

At high noon, the sun was scorching hot (骄阳似火). With a good harvest of fish, the boys marched into the forest with Brady following them. After a long walk, they found a clearing (林中空地) that was ideal for campground. The camp was set up immediately as Steve knew all the tricks of an experienced wilderness camper.

An afternoon nap was absolutely a special treat in midsummer. However, the boys were woken up by the fierce barks of Brady. Outside, heavy smoke filled the air and  wind­blown flame was skipping from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer turned the forest into a tinderbox (引火盒). In a little while, Steve and Zach were inside their tent packing their belongings.

“Let's go! We can make it back to the river！” They headed down against the fire­wind in the direction of the river. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. Steve was uneasy for it was hard to find a safe way to escape in the heavy smoke.

Brady lifted his head and snuffed (嗅) the smoke­laden wind. The next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared down a sharp slope (坡). The boys shouted at him, but he didn't come back. Steve couldn't blame Brady for fleeing in panic. He himself wanted to run even though he didn't have a clue as to which way.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark. _____________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Brady pulled again, in spite of the boy's disbelief, urgently. _________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark. Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope. But Steve didn't get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy's jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle's life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this?

Brady pulled again, in spite of the boy's disbelief, urgently. “OK, big boy，” seeing the fire was touching underbrush nearby, Steve made up his mind. Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed directions to find the right way. The boys were so tired but the dog forced both boys to go on. Steve was almost numb when he heard it — the wonderful sound of rushing water! They made it back to the river.