高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit教案设计
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit教案设计,共5页。
直接引语:使用引号引出别人的原话。
间接引语:用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。
直接引语和间接引语的转换
直接引语变间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。
人称变化
口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,ur,urs)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(yu,yur,yurs)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。
一随主:
He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)
与主语一致
二随宾:
He said, “Yu tld me this stry.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。”
→He said that I had tld him that stry.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(本句中宾语是me,所以Yu改为I, me改为him, tld改为had tld)
She said t Mary ,”Hw d yu ?”g t wrk everyday?”
→She asked Mary hw she went t wrk everyday.
与宾语一致
第三人称不更新:
He said t me, “She’s left her bk in yur rm”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”
He tld me that she had left her bk in my rm. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。(She’s→she had, her不变,yur→my)
时态变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,若引述动词是一般过去时,时态需要做相应的调整。即当主句为过去时态,间接引语的时态相应的向前推一个时态。
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说:“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
注意:直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is rund. ”老师说:“地球是圆的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is rund.老师说地球是圆的。
句式变化
接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus wuld arrive in five minutes.
接引语如果是反意疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。选择疑问句必须用whether…r…
如:He said, "Can yu swim, Jhn?"
→He asked Jhn if he culd swim.
"Yu have finished the hmewrk, haven‘t yu?" my mther asked.
→My mther asked me whether I had finished the hmewrk.
"D yu g t schl by bus r by bike?"
→He asked me whether I went t schl by bus r by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
She asked me, "When d they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask, rder, beg等) sb.(nt) t d sth."句型。
如:"Dn’t make any nise," she said t the children.
→She tld (rdered) the children nt t make any nise.
"Bring me a cup f tea, please," said she.
→She asked him t bring her a cup f tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)。”如:
He said, " Let’s g t the film."
→He suggested ging t the film.或He suggested that they shuld g t see the film.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化
指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
Jhn said,” this is my cellphne”.
Jhn said (that)that was his cellphne.
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般将来进行时
过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时
过去将来完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时
直接引语
间接引用
指示代词
this
that
these
thse
时间状语
nw
then
tday
that day
tnight
that night
last night
the night befre
yesterday
the day befre/the previus day
tw weeks ag
tw weeks befre
tmrrw
the next/fllwing day
next week
the next week
地点状语
here
there
方向性动词
bring
take
cme
g
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