英语八年级上册Unit 5 Educational exchanges示范课课件ppt

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Learning bjectives
1.Knwledge bjectives:①Students shuld master the basic structure and usage f the present perfect tense.②Understand and master the adverbs "already, yet, ever, never" ften used with the present perfect tense, and knw their usage.4. Be able t find the language rules f the present perfect tense and use them bjectives:Students can master the three basic sentence patterns f the present perfect tense.
3.Emtinal bjectives:Be able t find the language rules f the present perfect tense and use them capacity：Analysis, reasning, judgment, ratinal expressin, multiple thinking in English and ther activities.
D yu knw what the present perfect tense is?
Presentatin
I've learnt t use chpsticks, and they're teaching me a little Chinese.2. It's been a fantastic experience s far.3. We've already learnt a lt abut Chinese culture and histry.4. The teachers have intrduced us t Chinese painting as well.5. We've als tried t paint sme pictures urselves.6. I haven't had much success yet, but I'll keep trying.7. I've made many new friends.
Lk fr the sentences that represent the present perfect tense in the text yu have learned befre.
现在完成时的定义及构成：现在完成时表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响或过去的动作持续到现在。肯定结构为:have/has + 动词的过去分词。否定形式:haven’t/hasn’t + 动词的过去分词。疑问形式:Have/Has+主语+ 动词的过去分词(+其他)? 回答为: Yes, I have./N, I haven’t.
规则动词的过去分词形式与动词的过去式形式相同，如：finished, stayed, planned, arrived, studied等；不规则动词的过去分词需要参照附录中的去加以记忆。但大多数不规则动词的过去分词与过去式的形式相同。
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。五点变化规则：(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed ”。wrk---wrked,visit---visited(2)以不发音的“e、ue”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“-d ”。live---lived(3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”。study—studied,cry—cried,try—tried(4)“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母（w、y、x除外），辅音字母前只有一个元音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。stp—stpped,plan—planned
特例：有两类动词本身应该直接加“-ed”，但由于历史习惯，依旧要双写最后一个字母，再加“-ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“-ed”。例如cancel→cancelled，dial→dialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“-ed”。例如：kidnap → kidnapped，wrship→wrshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“-ed”。(5)以c结尾的动词，要变c为ck，再加“-ed”。picnic→picnicked，traffic→trafficked(6)以及一些不规则变化动词see—seen hear—heard find—fund g—gne eat—eaten beat—beat
现在完成时表示的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。它常与already, ever, just, never, yet, recently等副词连用。也可以与in the last few days/weeks/years/, these days / weeks/years/, s far等时间状语连用。在这些副词中，already与yet是相对应的，already用于肯定句中，yet用于否定句中。
—Have yu finished reading the nvel yet?—I have already finished reading the bk.(我已经读完了这本书。)—I haven't finished reading the bk yet.(我还没有读完这本书。)
I have lived here fr three years.我在这儿住了三年了。(从3年前开始，持续到现在还住在那里。)I have lived here since 2000.(从2000年开始到现在一直住在这儿。)
Observe what the fllwing tw sentences mean respectively?
现在完成时的标志:过去开始的动作持续到现在，它往往和fr, since构成的时间状语连用。fr用于一段时间之前(fr+时间段)，而since用于某一特定的时刻之前(since+时间段+ag；since+一般过去时的句子。)
A:Has he/ she ever read Tm Sawyer?B: Yes, He/she has./ N, He/she hasn't.A: What des he/she think f it?B: It's
Lk at the picture and use the present perfect tense t have a cnversatin.
A:Have yu ever seen Ntre Dame (巴黎圣母院)in Paris?B:Yes, I have./ N, I haven't.
We use the present perfect tense t talk abut things that happened in the past but have a cnnectin t the present in sme way.
A The present perfect tense
We frm the present perfect tense with ____r ________+ the past participle f the main verb.
Wrk ut the rule
●I/Yu/We/They have = I've / Yu've / We've/ They'veHe/She/It has = He's/She's/lt'shave nt - haven'thas nt - hasn't●The past participle f a regular verb is usually the same as its past tense. Yu can find the past participles f sme irregular verbs n pages 141 and 142.
Things t remember
Eric has been in Beijing fr a week. Cmplete his email t his mther with the present perfect tense f the verbs in brackets.TO:MumFrm:EricDear Mum,I've been in Beijing fr a week nw. I (1)_________ (meet) my hst family. They're really friendly. My hst brther Wei and(2)___________ (play) a lt f ftball at a park near his hme. We bth enjy ftball very much. Mrs Li, my hst mther,(3)_________ (ck) me delicius Chinese fd.
have played
I (4) ____________ (study) Chinese with my British classmates.We (5)__________ (see) sme places f interest in Beijing t.Hwever, I (6)____________ (nt, visit) the Great wall yet, and I (7)_____________(nt, d) any shpping either. I'll d these things next week.Lve,Eric
have studied
haven't visited
haven't dne
We can use already, yet, ever and never with the present perfect tense.Sarah has already seen many places f interest in Beijing.Have yu seen the Great Wall yet?N, I have nt seen the Great Wall yet.Have yu ever visited the Summer Palace?N. I have never visited the Summer Palace.
B The present perfect tense with already, yet, ever and never
●We can use the adverbs already, ever and never (befre/after)have/has and (befre/after) the main verb.●We ften use yet at the (beginning/end) f a questin r a negativesentence.
already、yet、ever 和never的用法1.already位于have和has之后，行为动词之前;有时也可位于句末。意为“已经”，强调前不久完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常用于现在完成时的肯定中 。He has already gt her help.他已经得到了她的帮助。My uncle has written ten bks already.我叔叔已经写了十本书了。
Already、yet、 ever 和never的用法2.yet通常位于句末，用于现在完成时的否定句中，意为“仍未;尚末”，表示某事在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生。I haven't gt a letter frm him yet.我还没有收到他的来信。Have they said srry t yu yet?
用于现在完成时的疑问句中，意为“已经”，用来询问某事是否已发生。
Already、yet、ever 和never的用法3.ever位于have和has之后，行为动词之前;意为“在任何时候;从来;曾经”，常用于现在完成时的疑问句或含有形容词最高级的肯定句中。Have yu ever sung this English sng?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗?He is the tallest persn I have ever seen.他是我所见过的个子最高的人。
Already、 yet、ever和never的用法4.never位于have和has之后，行为动词之前;有时也可位于句首。意为“从不;未曾”，主要用于否定句。I have never been t Beijing.我从来没有去过北京。He has never eaten this kind f fruit.他从来没有吃过这种水果。Never have I read this bk.我从来没有读过这本书。
B1 Sarah wants t knw whether the students frm Beijing have visited any places in Lndn befre. Ask and answer questins in pairs. Fllw the example.
Grup activities
S1: Has Alice ever seen Big Ben?S2:N, she hasn't. She's never seen Big Ben.S1:Has she ever visited Twer Bridge?S2:Yes, she has. She visited it tw years ag.
S1: Has Gerge ever seen Big Ben?S2: Yes, he has. He saw it ne and a half years ag.S1: Has he ever visited Twer Bridge?S2: N, he hasn’t. He’s never visited Twer Bridge.S1: Has he ever tured arund Buckingham Palace?S2: N, he hasn’t. He’s never tured arund Buckingham Palace.
S1: Has Alice ever tured arund Buckingham Palace?S2:N,she hasn't.She's never tured arund Buckingham Palace.
S1:Has Gerge ever seen Big Ben?S2:Yes,she has.She visited it tw years ag.
B2 Later Sarah is asking the students frm Beijing abut what they have and have nt dne in Lndn. Ask and answer questins in pairs. Fllw the example.
S1:Have yu dne any shpping yet, Alice?S2:N, I haven't dne any shpping yet.S1:Have yu seen Big Ben yet?S2: Yes, I've already seen it.
S1:Have yu dne any shpping yet,Alice?S2:Yes,I've already dne sme shpping.S1:Have yu seen Big Ben yet? S2:N,I haven't seen it yet.S1:Have yu dne any shpping yet,Rbin?S2:Yes,I've already dne sme shpping.S1:Have yu seen Big Ben yet? S2:Yes,I've already seen it.
1.全班分成四个大组。2.根据以下图片和文本提示，使用现在完成时态补充句子。3.哪个小组先答出来得一分，总分五分。
Team racing
他们乘公共汽车去了香港迪斯尼乐园。 ___________________________________________.
They have gne t Hng Kng Disneyland by bus
你曾经游览过北京故宫吗？ ______________________________________________________?
Have yu ever been t Beijing t see the Palace Museum
你曾经游览过天坛吗？___________________________________________
Have yu ever visited the Temple f Heaven?
你曾经游览过长城吗？_________________________________________
Have yu ever visited the Great Wall?
你曾经游览过武侯祠吗？___________________________________________
Have yu ever visited the temple f Marquis Wu？
你曾经游览过北海公园吗？_________________________________________________
Have yu ever visited Beihai Park?
1. t 和 as well 多用于口语中，语气较轻，通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句，且通常放在句末。t 有时也紧跟在主语后(注：as well 不这样用)，此用法较正式。2. als 比 t 和 as well 正式，一般也不用于否定句，它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,即放在行为动词之前，特殊动词之后。有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见)。3. either(也)通常只用于否定句，且要放在句末。
Hwever, I haven't visited the Great wall yet, and I haven't dne any shpping either. I'll d these things next week.然而，我还没有参观长城，也没有购物。我下周要做这些事。
Language pint
注：有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句，可能用 t，als。如：He came, but she didn’t als came. 他来了，但她没有也一起来。He went t Washingtn, but nt t New Yrk t. 他去了华盛顿，但并不是也去了纽约。比较：He didn’t buy a cmputer, and she didn’t either. 他没有买电脑，她也没有买。He bught a cmputer, but she didn’t t. 他买了台电脑，但她没有也买台电脑。
1、Bth his parents lk sad . Maybe they ____what's happened t him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have knwn Ｃ. must knw Ｄ.will knw 2、He has _______ been t Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have yu met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ag Ｃ.befre Ｄ. a mment ag 4、The famus writer _____ ne new bk in the past tw year . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrte Ｄ.has written 5、—Our cuntry ______ a lt s far . —Yes . I hpe it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; gd Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better