动词时态语态考点讲解及真题演练

动词的时态语态考点解读 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。例句：He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.【考点分析】考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided.例如：If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 例如：So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。例如：The harder you study, the better results you will get.【真题演练】1. —What does your mother do to keep healthy, Tim?— She usually ________.A. swim B. swims C. is swimming D. to swim【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：——Tim, 你母亲做什么来保持健康？——她通常游泳。根据句意和副词usually 可知本题应用一般现在时，故选B。2. —Will you please tell her about the news?—Sure, I’ll tell her about it as soon as she_______ back.A. come B. will come C. came D. comes【答案】D【解析】考查动词的时态。根据主将从现原则，as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。例句：We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble.考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。　Look out when you are crossing the street.Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。Marry is leaving on Friday.【真题演练】1. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：考点一：for + 时间段;since + 时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,Has it stopped raining yet ?考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that” 后面跟现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.【真题演练】1.China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。4.一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise【真题演练】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。2. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you call B. Have you calledC. Will you call D. Were you calling【答案】A试题分析：句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you called me.【真题演练】1.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意: Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Suan辞即发生在她当志度者之前, had quit是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是过去的过去”,且结合时间状语 when I visited her last vear可知, Susan做走愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故应用过去进行时态。B选项正确I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。根据固定句型: was were doing sth-when( suddenly)did.句意:正在做某事,就在这时(那时)突然,根据句意,故选A6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主谓倒装)考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I was too busy.【真题演练】1. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trappedC. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救人员冒看生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“w血on the mountains for two days是定语从句,修饰 two tourists, two tourists和ma之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由 risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在人员救了他们之,即过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。2. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been inventedC. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented【答案】D试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态7. 一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.(主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.【真题演练】1. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewardedC. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D【解析】试题分析:题目考查时态和语态。句意:学生们一直在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力(将来)定会得到回报。根据句意可知,回报是将来要发生的事情,应该用将来时; efforts和 reward是被动关系,应该使用被动语态,故选D。8、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.【真题演练】1. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. have developed B. had developedC. will have developed D. developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。10. 动词的语态一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation.考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备);ride (乘坐); write ( 写 );Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…， It is expected…, It is estimated…,这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说：It was believed…, It was thought【真题演练】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.A. had been carried out B. would be carried outC. is being carried out D. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。2.--Did you enjoy the party?--Yes,we___by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated【答案】A【解析】试題分析:句意:——你喜欢这个聚会吗?——是的,我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的dd可知用一般过去时;且we和 treated是动宾关系,用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选A