2022晋城陵川县高级实验中学高二上学期开学检测英语试题含解析

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陵川县高级实验中学高二年级开学考试英语试卷注意事项：本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAs humanity has got richer, animal’s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures -- such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions -- have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?1. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before.2. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays.B. Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.C. Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping.D. Pet’s roles as both working staff and companions.3. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Changing Roles of Animals B. The Urge for Pet-keepingC. Who Owns Whom D. Love Me, Love My DogBA few months ago, Jason asked his parents to buy him a computer. All his friends already had one, so his mom and dad agreed. During the first few weeks, Jason spent a lot of time in front of his computer because he had to learn how it worked. He was really interested in learning all about it and he even started writing computer programs himself.One day Jason found a website where he could play chess either against the computer or against other people from all over the world. From then on, Jason seemed to have just one interest in life, his computer. Whenever his parents told him that he was spending too much time with his computer, Jason went into denial. He did not think that he had a problem at all.Then the unthinkable happened: Jason's computer broke down. But his parents decided not to buy him a new one. Jason said that he needed a computer for school, and he promised that he'd spend less time with it. But his parents refused to give in. Finally, Jason felt so hopeless that he took the only way out and killed himself.Robert Johnson, a psychologist (心理学家) on the subject, says, "Computer addiction is an illness that can influence anyone of us. Nowadays, increasing numbers of people are spending more and more time working with computers. While this isn't a problem for most users, some people, especially teenagers, often use the computer to get away from the real world. This is especially true of shy people. For them, meeting people online is a way of hiding their true selves. In cyberspace (网络空间), they can be whoever they want to be and create their own virtual (虚拟的) world. But what happens when they can no longer enter their virtual world?"5. Why did Jason want to buy a computer according to Paragraph 1?A. To play chess. B. To make friendsC. To avoid being an outsider(外人). D. To write computer programs.6. By saying "Jason went into denial", the author means________.A. Jason enjoyed himself B. Jason would not listenC. Jason would turn it off D. Jason changed his mind7. What was Jason's relationship with his parents like when his computer broke down?A. Fine B. Terrible C. So so. D. Unknown.8. In Robert Johnson's opinion, ________.A. it is impossible to beat computer addiction B. teenagers should stay away from computersC. shy people get addicted to computers easily D. computers are getting us into serious troubleCThere is such a group of singers in the western musical circle at present, who enter the business as online celebrities (名人)and then become top idols and giant stars globally. They become popular for their videos online and then they are discovered by talent agents and gradually cause huge storms in the musical circle. Troye Sivan, a singer who is nicknamed “chuoye”, became popular on YouTube from an early age.As a popular video sharing website, YouTube has given rise to plenty of stars, creating a new celebrity culture. Providing a platform where anyone can post videos, YouTube presents the opportunity for anyone to achieve fame by simply uploading a short video. Sivan has been making YouTube videos since he was 12 to show his singing talent. In the digital age, Sivan has already developed large devoted audience online and his touching video blogs have earned him extreme popularity.A survey has showed that US teenagers are more attracted to YouTube stars, which is a surprising result. YouTube stars are judged to be more attractive, outstanding and related than traditional stars. Looking at the survey comments and feedback, teens enjoy a close and real experience with YouTube celebrities, who aren't carefully directed by design. Teens also say they appreciate YouTube stars, sense of humor and risk-taking spirit, which are often limited by Hollywood stars. As a result, singers who make their first show in the traditional way no longer have a complete advantage in front of the audience. Online platforms open up a lot of doors for people. They become the best place to be discovered.9. Why is Troye Sivan mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. To give an example for the topic.B. To uncover the secret of success online.C. To add more background information.D. To introduce the topic of the passage.10. What made Troye Sivan a success according to the author?A. Learning to sing at an early age.B. Developing lots of fans online.C. Sharing his family stories online.D. Starting a different music style.11. Why are YouTube stars so attractive in the digital age?A. They are more firmly connected with teens.B. They are more hardworking than traditional stars.C. They are often carefully designed.D. They are discovered in a traditional way.12. What is the author's attitude towards online platforms like YouTube?A. Worried. B. Regretful. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.DThe mirror self-recognition test was dreamed up in the 1960’s by Gordon Gallup, Jr., a scientist now with the State University of New York. Back then, he was a graduate student taking a course in psychology, and the students were asked to come up with an idea for an experiment.“I was washing my face in front of a mirror one day, says Grallup. It occurred to me wouldn’t it be interesting to see if other animals could recognize themselves in mirrors?”Still looking at the mirror, he realized he could test an animal by secretly marking its face with some kind of red dye (染料), to see if it could use the mirror to access these strange red marks.No such test had been done before even though people had long observed animals looking into mirrors. Most species tend to treat a mirror image as a stranger to be courted (献殷勤) or attacked. Some scientists thought that primates (灵长类) might do better. Charles Darwin once watched with interest as an orangutan (红毛猩猩) named Jenny made faces at a mirror.When Gallup started doing experiments with chimps (黑猩猩) a few years after he came up with his test, he found that at first the chimps acted as if the mirror image were another animal. But then, after a couple of days they began using the mirror to examine parts of their bodies like their teeth.When Gallup put red dye on their faces, the chimps later woke up and reacted to the unexpected mirror image as if they understood that the marks were on their own faces.In Gallup’s view, only three species have mirror self-recognition: chimps, orangutans, and humans. Others, though, think the list is long. Diana Reiss, a scientist at Hunter College, has tested both dolphins and elephants and beeves that both show signs of recognizing themselves in mirrors.13. Who first came up with the idea of the mirror self-recognition test?A. A university student. B. A zoo keeper in New York.C. A teacher in Hunter College. D. A scientist in a research organization.14. What did Gordon Gallup intend the red dye for?A. Marking his image in the mirror.B. Marking his own face before washing.C. Marking the face of the animal to be tested.D. Marking an animal without self-recognition ability.15. How did chimps react to their image in the mirror?A. They showed no interest in it.B. They examined that image carefully.C. They took it as another animal at first.D. They immediately recognized what it was.第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It is a war without guns, bombs, or smoke. A new coronavirus (新冠肺炎), a deadly disease, breaks out all over the world. More than 2.7 million present confirmed cases are reported recently, WHO says, adding that the cases have resulted in more than 325 thousand deaths. What should you do to keep yourself from this virus? ____16____1. Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.It is quite necessary to clean your hands with soap and water completely for at least 20 seconds before you have meals and after using the toilet, especially after you return home. If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal with animal wastes, you’d better wash your hands with alcohol-based rub. ____17____, so this is very important.2 ____18____When it comes to human to human transmission (传播) of the viruses, it often happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person’s secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (小水滴，飞沫) in a cough. Therefore, when you cough or sneeze, you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering with your hand directly.3. Wear masks.Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected. Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin. ____19____ if you are not feeling well or have symptoms of fever.4. Take exercise regularly.____20____ It can strengthen your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body. Besides, it can also improve you immune system, to some degree making it helpful to get away from the viruses and illnesses. Come on! Move your body, and you will become stronger and stronger.All in all, if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection, you must seek immediate medical attention.A. A mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.B. Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus.C Here are some suggestions you can follow in your daily life.D. If you want to take exercise, you should get up early.E. Animals are very dangerous.F. Viruses can spread from human contact with animals.G. Cover nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My three-year-old son Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle. Although I warned him it’d be____21____, he insisted on building it in the path of every single wave that would___22___on the shore.I sighed, figuring the only way to make him___23___was to do as he liked and let him see what would happen. I only hoped he wouldn’t be too____24____when that first wave destroyed his_____25_____But when the water came and washed away his castle, he jumped up and down and clapped his hands. “That’s great! Let’s do it again!” I didn’t know how he could___26___ seeing his fruit of labor ruined. “Is it really fun when the waves wash away the_____27_____?”“Yes, “ he said.Looking at him, I thought about my______28______at home. Nothing I did there ever seemed to____29____. I prepared dinners, which ten minutes after i placed them on the table were completely consumed. I mopped floors only to see someone______30______them on their first trip in from the back yard. My life was just one never-ending to-do list.Just like the sand castles Nathan built , all my_____31_____were washed away by a giant wave called Family Life. Nothing I did lasted beyond the moment.Because of this, I often struggled feeling______32______. I wondered if the things I did counted. And if nothing I did mattered, that meant that I didn’t matter.But as I watched my child______33______in the sand happily, I realized that I’m building something_______34_______. Something that will last forever.I’m______35______a family.21. A. Taken apart B. washed away C. cleared up D. dug out22. A. crash B. dance C. float D. appear23. A. understand B. regret C. refuse D. struggle24. A. angry B. frightened C. surprised D. upset25. A. future B. creation C. world D. gift26. A. imagine B. stand C. avoid D. gift27. A. tools B. clothes C. shoes D. castles28. A. pet B. item C. life D. plan29. A. last B. happen C. help D. exist30. A. empty B. dirty C. narrow D. dry31. A. tears B. worries C. feelings D. efforts32. A. confused B. fancy C. competitive D. unfair33. A. lying B. digging C. rolling D. sleeping34. A. actual B. slight C. important D. formal35 A. protecting B. designing C. building D. creating第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___36___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___37___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___38___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___39___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ___40___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___41___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it ___42___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___43___ (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___44___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____45____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）46. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!第二节：书面表达（满分25分）47. 你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：1. 分析优势与不足；2. 提出学习建议。注意：1. 词数100左右;2. 题目和首句已为你写好。