（2020-2022）三年全国中考英语真题和模拟题精选分项训练专题11 阅读理解说明文

这是一份（2020-2022）三年全国中考英语真题和模拟题精选分项训练专题11 阅读理解说明文，共80页。试卷主要包含了考查微技能，段落大意， 词义猜测，推理判断等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题11 阅读理解说明文
---三年（2020-2022 ）中考英语真题和模拟题精选分类训练（全国通用 ）

考查点：
1.考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的综合评估能力等。
2.考查微技能：细节理解、推理判断、词(组)义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳、数字计算、写作意图等。

说明文体裁特点：
说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，传授知识的文体。它通过对实体事物(如产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如原理、定律)的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解；或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。
说明文实用性强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词、科学小品等。
解题技能：
说明文题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。如:介绍科学领域的最新成果、产品工艺流程或使用说明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因和解决办法、人文地理知识等。
1.细节理解：通过题干的关键词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比（尤其是同义词转换 ），找到正确答案。
2.句意理解：长难句或复杂句型是关键。首先找到句子主干，然后分析重要词语意义（特别是过渡词 ），最后整体理解句子。
3.段落大意：考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意；一般不出现绝对概念。
4. 词义猜测: 考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等猜测词义。
5.推理判断：在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层含义，推断出作者没有直接表达出来的态度和观点。



2022年
(一) （2022-广东·中考真题 ）
Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure（探险 ）in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples（样本 ）from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach——only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme（极端的 ）conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.
1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．Jerry’s friends. B．Jerry’s achievements.
C．High mountains. D．A geography magazine.
2．What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Patient. D．Worried.
3．Why did Jerry set a team of top adventures?
A．To make friends. B．To help scientists.
C．To study plants. D．To train scientists.
4．Jerry’s and his friends’ adventures had changed ________.
A．their hobbies B．their friendship
C．their understanding of life D．their living conditions
5．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Dangerous Mountains Climbing. B．Important Scientific Discoveries.
C．Plants Found on High Mountains. D．Adventures Turned into Something Greater.
(二) （2022-辽宁辽宁·中考真题 ）
This is the word “family" written in Chinese “家”. It’s a pictographic character (象形文字). The “宀” looks like the roof (屋顶) of a house, and the “豖” is a pictographic character for “pig”, which is developed from a picture like this:

The word “家” with a pig under the roof of a house may show the importance of domestic animals (家畜) to traditional Chinese families.
There is a strong feeling between parents, children and other family members. The father is usually very strict with their children. Parents work very hard to set a good example for their children, while children study hard. Brothers and sisters in the family are very friendly and helpful to each other. All the family members make an effort to live a happy life.
Our ancestors (祖先) will be part of our life and a warm memory forever. ________
We remember our ancestors, not for any advantages for ourselves but to make our feelings more active. Whenever we think of them, they make us stronger inside.
Everyone values the idea of “making all the members of the family happy”. We should all have this same idea as the great “China dream”. There are thousands of families in China, just because every family goes well, China is getting better and better.
6．The word “家” may show us _________are important to traditional Chinese families.
A．houses' roofs B．domestic animals C．more children D．hard-working fathers
7．All the family members try their best to_________.
A．live a happy life B．become very strict
C．help other families D．set a good example
8．Which of the following sentences may be put in_________?
A．Every family has their own warm houses.
B．We would like to live and study in the past.
C．People always get together to celebrate the day.
D．They connect all the family members together.
9．From the passage we can learn China’s _________depends on every family.
A．memories B．advantages C．value D．development
10．The best title of the passage is “_________”.
A．Important pigs B．Traditional ideas C．Strong feelings D．Chinese families

(三) （2022-吉林·中考真题 ）

There is a traditional toy called taiping nijiaojiao. It is a clay toy and also a whistle (哨子) in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. It has a history of over 1,000 years.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mud from the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, and the key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toy into anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult part to make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. While coloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) that carry good meanings. It’s hard to make taiping nijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
Zhou Baokang, a lover of folk art, learned how to make the clay toy from local artists about 20 years ago. He wants more people to know about it, so he has opened a museum to introduce the clay toy. He teaches kids how to make the clay toy, too.
There are many traditional art forms in China, but some of them have been lost. Luckily, the traditional clay toy taiping nijiaojiao is kept to this day.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
11．What is taiping nijiaojiao?
A．A toy. B．An animal. C．A plant. D．A museum.
12．What does the underlined word “mud” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Soft silk. B．Clean water. C．Wet earth. D．Dead wood.
13．What is the key step when you make taiping nijiaojiao?
A．Choosing the elements. B．Kneading the clay toy.
C．Making the blowhole. D．Coloring the clay toy.
14．Who does Zhou Baokang teach to make taiping nijiaojiao?
A．Artists. B．Kids. C．Masters. D．Teachers.
15．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Shapes of the Clay Toy B．A Lover of Folk Art
C．Ways of Making a Clay Toy D．A Traditional Clay Toy

(四) （2022-黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题 ）
The Science Museum is the most friendly museum in London. As is known to all, shouting and running are not allowed in most museums, and touching the exhibits(展品) is also forbidden. But the Science Museum in London is different. It is noisy!
People talk about what they can see and do here, and there are some very noisy machines, too. If you want answers to any of your questions about science, this is the right place. On the second and third floors, you can learn some knowledge about communications, the environment, chemistry and so on. For example, you can understand how people dig coal(煤) from the ground and use it to create energy.
The Launchpad on the third floor is the most popular room because you can experience lots of physics experiments (实验) in it. For example, if you want to fill a bag with sand, you have to control a kind of truck on wheels and move it into the correct place. You can also find out how people travel into space and back again by spaceships. On its fourth and fifth floors, you can learn about what medicine was like in the past. Comparing the medicine of the past with today, you will feel very lucky to see a doctor in the modern hospitals!
People of all ages can visit the Science Museum in London for free. It’s very interesting. You can always find something new to you and have a wonderful time here. The museum is open daily from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., so you can enjoy yourself here for either a few minutes or a few hours.
If you go to London, don’t miss the chance to visit the Science Museum.
Choose the best choice from A, B or C according to the passage.
16．The underlined word “forbidden” means “________” in Chinese.
A．禁止 B．允许 C．欢迎
17．The visitors can’t _________ in the Science Museum in London.
A．travel by spaceship B．shout or run C．touch the exhibits
18．Where can you experience a lot of physics experiments?
A．On the second floor.
B．From the ground.
C．The Launchpad on the third floor.
19．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．There is no need to buy tickets to enter the Science Museum in London.
B．You can see a doctor in the Science Museum in London.
C．You can’t have a visit to the Science Museum in London on weekends.
20．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the history of the Science Museum in London
B．the introduction of the Science Museum in London
C．the development of the Science Museum in London



(五) （2022-福建·中考真题 ）

On the afternoon of March 23, 2022, Chinese astronauts on board China’s Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013? Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.
While watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20, 2013, Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing, was drawing a colorful rocket with crayons in his classroom. “Moon…stars…a rocket to the sky,” Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time, he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping, who talked about movements in micro-gravity（微重力 ）environments. “Zero gravity!” Qian Shaohong, another student at the school, shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the school.
The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the “roof (屋脊) of the world”. “I was most interested in the presentation of the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free environment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Doje, a high school student in Lhasa, Tibet. Describing himself as a lover of physics, Doje said the lesson helped him stay true to his dream of becoming a physicist.
The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the mysterious world of outer space to their hometown.
21．The space lesson in 2013 was for ________.
A．Chinese astronauts B．Chinese teachers
C．school children in China D．scientists all over China
22．Which picture shows Nie Haisheng’s body movement according to the text?
A． B． C． D．
23．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Wang Yaping’s talk on micro-gravity environments.
B．The influence of the space lesson on the disabled students.
C．The efforts of the disabled students in a special school.
D．A 10-year-old student’s dream of sending a rocket to the sky.
24．What do we know about Rigzin Jigme Doje?
A．He liked drawing stars. B．He talked a lot about his work.
C．He was a primary school student. D．He was fond of physics.
25．After watching the space lesson, the Tibetan students ________.
A．had a new view of their high schools
B．got an amazing “water ball” in space
C．increased an understanding of the roof of the world
D．developed a deep interest in the world of outer space

(六) （2022-海南·中考真题 ）

Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort(分类) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.
Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles(角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,” said one of the students who built the AI system.
The idea of the smart bin was born two years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution.
“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.”
The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online.
“Our bin is now in its third generation(代). Before graduation, we hope it can be widely used in the city.” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.”
26．According to the first paragraph we know the ________ of Waste Collection Point.
A．price B．size C．use
27．The underlined words “rate of accuracy” mean “________” in Chinese.
A．精准度 B．参与度 C．知名度
28．This chart shows why Waste Collection Point was developed. Which is the missing part?

A．the hit of the COVID-19 B．villagers’ encouragement C．picking up rubbish around
29．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．four young inventors B．a new invention C．the rubbish problem
30．How is this passage organized(组织)? (P=Paragraph)
A． B． C．

(七) （2022-河北·中考真题 ）
Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure（失败 ）. This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.
We must not be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb（灯泡 ）. When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times.
Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.
We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. Some win, while some lose. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations（祝贺 ）to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.
In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples to us, and most importantly, they finally win.
31．What can we learn from every failure according to the text?
A．A way of life. B．A valuable thing.
C．A general rule. D．A secret of success.
32．In the writer’s eyes, why did Edison achieve success?
A．He got help from others. B．He happened to make it.
C．He avoided possible mistakes. D．He saw the bright side of losing.
33．What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean?
A．Bad. B．Personal. C．Dangerous. D．Interesting.
34．What does the writer advise the losers to do in a competition?
A．Express the regrets. B．Forget the failure.
C．Share in the winners’ enjoyment. D．Join in another competition.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Ideas about How to Avoid Mistakes B．Experience in Dealing with Problems
C．Advice on How to Be a Good Loser D．Advantages of both Success and Failure


(八) （2022-重庆·中考真题 ）
①On January 4, the China National Traditional Orchestra(中央民族乐团) played some well-known traditional music in their concert. Audiences(观众) enjoyed the beautiful sounds guzheng, the powerful tunes of suona, the tearful notes of erhu and so on. Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story.
②“I’ve fallen in love with the sounds of traditional instruments, especially pipa, a four-stringed(弦) instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years. It can produce different sounds, such as the sounds of falling snow and raindrops. Every time I listen to a pipa tune, I have a strong feeling of peace,” said Yang Tian, an audience of the concert.
③However, a recent report suggests. ________ To wake up people’s love for traditional music, something creative has been done.
④In some traditional music concerts, VR(虚拟现实) technology is used to bring the star sky or the beautiful sandy view of Dunhuang to the music hall. It makes the experience like watching a 3D movie.
⑤Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk(民间) singing, opera and Chinese instruments through technology. People are surprised at his works and they love them!
⑥Some musicians try to add something new to traditional music. They bring modern music like pop and rap into traditional music. When the east meets the west, the new form of music wins the hearts of both the old and the young.
⑦Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.
40．Which of the following can be put in the ________?
A．pipa can not produce the sound of falling snow
B．traditional music is much better than modern music
C．the number of traditional music listeners is dropping
D．more young people show interest in traditional music
41．To wake up people’s love for traditional music, Li Xiao bing ________.
A．tells many tearful stories B．makes good 3D movies
C．mixes traditional music D．sings pop and rap songs
42．The structure(结构) of the passage is ________.
A． B．
C． D．
43．According to the passage, the writer believes ________.
A．traditional music should only be played in concerts
B．the ways to play traditional music must be changed
C．traditional music must remain unchanged all the time
D．traditional music with creativity will be more popular


(九) （2022-江苏徐州·中考真题 ）
Flying cars: flying high and reaching for the sky!
Traffic jam is almost every driver’s headache. So it’s not surprising to see why the idea of turning cars into flying machines has been popular for years. The flying cars can be seen in a lot of science fiction novels and films. Now the idea may become a reality in the near future.
Basic information
● A flying car provides transport by both land and air.
● A few models of flying cars have already completed test flights.
Advantages
● Reducing road traffic jams.
● Travelling across greater distances much faster than common cars.
● Saving space on the ground for parks and other public spaces.
▲
● Building an engine that is powerful enough to lift and fly the car for a long time.
● Creating a strong lightweight body so that the flying car can be used in any weather.
● Designing sky “roads” to manage the flow of traffic in the air.
● Making new traffic rules in the sky.
44．How many advantages does the material tell us about flying cars?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
45．Which word is the most suitable for ▲ ?
A．Disadvantages. B．Possibilities. C．Contributions. D．Challenges.
46．What do we learn from the material?
A．People may drive flying cars in the near future.
B．So far no flying cars have completed test flights.
C．There are some rules against the use of flying cars.
D．Flying cars can be used on land, in water and in the air.
47．What’s the main purpose of the material?
A．To explain how to make flying cars. B．To introduce flying cars.
C．To show the importance of flying cars. D．To advertise for flying cars.

(十) （2022-江苏镇江·中考真题 ）
Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips(芯片).
The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption. They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now, several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and bike companies record user speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded.
In fact, years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services. After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas. The latest chips which are popular with bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types.
Since 2000, a total of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 2020, the system was completed and started providing global services. Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan, a 16.3-percent increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14.000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.
48．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A．The history of shared bikes.
B．The qualities of shared bikes.
C．The advantages of Beidou-based chips.
D．The producers of Beidou-based chips.
49．What does the underlined word “installing” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．putting away B．putting off C．putting through D．putting in
50．How does the writer prove the value of satellite navigation and positioning services in Paragraph 5?
A．By explaining reasons B．By listing numbers.
C．By comparing conditions. D．By introducing backgrounds.
51．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Technology Shapes the Future of the Products
B．Users Needs Drive the Growth of the Products
C．Competition Lifts the Quality of the Products
D．Service Increases the Sales of the Products

(十一) （2022-广东广州·中考真题 ）
When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.
The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.
The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships.
52．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To discuss why people help each other. B．To describe the problems of giving help.
C．To introduce the advantages of giving help. D．To explain how we can help others properly.
53．What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Require. B．Discover. C．Suggest. D．Remember.
54．What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A．Act as a good listener to your friends. B．Learn how to give advice to your friends.
C．Pay attention to your friends’ unusual acts. D．Build good relationships with your friends.
55．According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don’t follow your advice on their serious problems?
A．Keep their problems as secrets. B．Let them make their own decisions.
C．Find out the causes of their problems. D．Get help from their trusted teachers.

2021年
(一) （2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题 ）
TECH& LIFE
MEMORY HELPER
A talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app (应用软件) for people with dementia (痴呆). And they won the final at the 2020 competition, standing out among 5,400 students from 62 countries, Mars Times reported.
Last year, Laura, Aaron and Vicky put their heads together for Technovation Kids(TK), an international competition that encourages teenagers to create an app that solves a community problem.
The inspiration for their project came from their teacher's mother, who had dementia and died earlier this year.
To complete their project, the three designed an app to support both people with dementia and their caregivers. The app solves some common problems connected with dementia like loss(失去) of memory.
“We hope that our app can reach millions of people who have dementia and just make their lives kind of easier, ” Laura said.

1.The app Memory Helper ______.
A．is used worldwide B．is designed for the old
C．helps deal with dementia D．connects people's brains
2．Where was the idea of creating Memory Helper from?______
A．The illness of a woman B．The advice of some students.
C．A scientific problem D．An international competition.
3．The small program Memory Game in the photo is probably to ______.
A．kill time B．practice the brain
C．store memories D．find back lost things
4．From the material above, we can know that ______.
A．the photo was provided by Laura
B．Technovation Kids took place in Ireland on June 21
C．Wuhan Daily reported the news before Mars Times
D．the news Memory Helper comes from TECH& LIFE section
5．The passage mainly tells us ______.
A．international competitions are important
B．a teacher helped three kids win the final
C．three teenagers have made something useful
D．everyone can realize their technology dream

(二) （2021·四川眉山市·中考真题 ）
Have you ever imagined the life in space? The following will show you the astronauts’ daily life.
● Eating in space
If you go camping for more than a week with some friends, you will make sure you have plenty of foods and keep them properly. At the end of your camping trip, you would deal with your rubbish properly before the ride home.
Astronauts almost do the same thing when they go to space. Preparation changes with the food type. Some foods can be eaten in their natural forms, such as chocolate cakes and fruits. Other foods require adding water, such as cheese. Of course, an oven is provided at the space station to heat the food. But there are no fridges, so space food must be kept properly.
● Sleeping in space
After a long day at work, nothing is better than a good night’s sleep! Just like on the earth, in space astronauts go to bed at a certain time, then get up and prepare for work again. When going to sleep, they have to attach themselves, so they don’t float (漂浮) around or hit their bodies against something. They usually use sleeping bags located in small crew cabins (乘员舱). Each crew cabin is just big enough for one person. Generally, astronauts have an eight-hour sleep each day when they finish their task.
● Doing sports in space
Exercise is an important part of every astronaut’s daily life to prevent muscle loss (肌肉萎缩). Usually, astronauts exercise two hours every day. Lifting 200 pounds on the earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much easier. That means the things for exercise need to be specially designed, so astronauts can receive the exercise needed.
Living in space is not just all work and no play. Astronauts have fun, too. They like to look out the window and play with their food. Fun plays an important role in the quality of their life.
6．The writer starts to explain eating in space by ______.
A．telling a story B．asking a question C．giving an example D．comparing two facts
7．What does the underlined word “attach” in Paragraph 4 mean?______
A．Tie. B．Hide. C．Catch. D．Carry.
8．It is much easier for people ______ in space than on the earth.
A．to fall asleep B．to lift heavy things C．to prevent muscle loss D．to eat cold food
9．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?______
A．CULTURE. B．SOCIETY. C．SCIENCE. D．HISTORY.

(三) （2021·四川眉山市·中考真题 ）
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are turning to paper products as a choice. Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic. However, it, too, is harmful to the environment.
Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, can reduce (减少) carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels in the atmosphere. They can slow down climate (气候) change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more acts of cutting down trees.
Secondly, products made from paper require more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a brand new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Thirdly, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more oil to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a large amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.
The most environment-friendly solution is to avoid single-use products altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. Through increasing the use of these products, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our Earth a greener place!
10．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to?______
A．Plastic products. B．Trees. C．Paper products. D．Businesses.
11．Compared with transporting two million plastic bags, transporting two million paper bags requires ______.
A．fewer trucks B．six more trucks C．twice as many trucks D．the same number of trucks
12．The writer compared the price of a paper straw and that of a plastic straw to show that ______.
A．paper products are not a good choice for businesses
B．it is difficult for all businesses to turn to paper products
C．most people believe paper products are better than plastic ones
D．paper products are as harmful to the environment as plastic ones
13．By writing this article, the writer mainly wanted to ______.
① compare plastic products with paper ones
② correct people’s wrong ideas about paper products
③ suggest people use reusable products like steel straws
④ list the advantages and disadvantages of using paper products
A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③


(四)
The Youth Climate Summit (气候峰会) a week-long festival of climate action for primary and middle schools in the UK, starts on 9 November. It aims to create a fairer, more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet. Climate change is the long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns that are mostly caused by human activity. “Unlike world leaders,” say the summit’s organizers, “young people are refusing to let it drop off the plan.”
Each day has a topic, which includes food and fashion, looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet. Organizations are leading some on line activities. For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.
The summit will finish on 13 November, when youth ambassadors (大使) wants schools to stop paper waste. Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature. As part of the summit, hundreds of schools across the country are signing up to the Let’s Go Zero activity, aiming to become carbon-zero (零碳的) by 2030.
Carbon-zero schools are ones that promise to stop emitting carbon in seven areas, including where they get their food and how they use water and recycle their waste. The activity is run by Ashden, a charity working towards climate solutions. Ashden hopes that schools will be able to help each other by sharing ideas and methods. It is also calling on the Government to back the promise. Head over to transform-our-world.org where you can find out more.
14．The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by ______.
A．telling stories B．comparing facts C．giving examples D．listing numbers
15．Max advises schools to ______.
A．recycle and reuse old clothes
B．prevent students from wasting paper
C．have meetings on saving endangered sea fish
D．provide more chances for students to enjoy the nature
16．The underlined word "emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to “______”.
A．using up B．taking in C．sending out D．cutting down
17．The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______.
A．explain the problems with climate change
B．develop children’s ability to solve social problems
C．introduce the environmental organizations to schools
D．encourage young people to care more about climate change

(五) （2021·浙江台州市·中考真题 ）
If we want to grow as people, we can’t just depend on our own evaluation (评价) of how we’re doing. We also need to know what other people think about our performance. Receiving feedback (反馈) from others can help us see the larger picture and show us a way forward to success. However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you deal with this?
First things first—if you notice a situation in which some feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can. If you wait until the matter disappears from the person’s mind, they might not understand what you’re trying to tell them. Take the person to a safe, comfortable place and offer your advice in private.
When you’re giving feedback, it’s important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told they’re doing a bad job. Make sure you give an equal (相等的) amount of good feedback to balance out (平衡) anything bad. Like the saying goes, “A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.”
All good feedback shares something in common. First, it should help achieve a goal. It’s less useful to tell your friends that their dish tastes “interesting” than it is to suggest adding a little salt. Feedback should also look toward the future. You can’t change what’s already happened, but you can prevent it from happening again. Tell your friends they should take more notes in class instead of talking about how they should have studied harder for the big history exam they failed.
Finally, don’t think your suggestion is the only correct way to deal with a situation. You might even end up with some feedback on your feedback. Don’t take it personally — it can only help you give better advice next time
18．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?______
A．Seeing the picture. B．Giving feedback
C．Receiving feedback. D．Showing a way to success
19．Why is it important to give feedback in time according to Paragraph 2?______
A．You might forget to tell the person later on.
B．Perhaps the person wants the feedback right away.
C．Maybe the person needs time to understand your advice.
D．If you wait too long, the person might forget what’s happened.
20．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined saying in Paragraph 3?______
A．It’s helpful to keep on giving bad feedback.
B．It’s difficult to do a good job all the time.
C．It’s better to balance good and bad feedback.
D．It’s important to think twice before giving feedback.
21．The passage is mainly about ______.
A．what characters good feedback includes
B．how people should give feedback properly
C．the differences between good and bad feedback
D．the importance of giving and receiving feedback

2020年
(一) 【2020 •山东日照】

Mobile phones are one of the most useful inventions of the last 50 years, but not everything that is said about them is good. Mobiles are often believed to be the cause of a number of things from poor eyesight and headaches to house fires. There's even one theory that mobile phones should be responsible for the disappearance of bees!
The theory is that the radiation (辐射) given off by mobile phones does great harm to bees' navigation systems (导航系统). Bees have built-in system a bit like GPS and this helps them find their way back to their hives. But recently, thousands of bees have failed to find their way home. It is believed they are dying far from their hives.
The problem was first noticed by beekeepers in America and is a lot more serious than it at first seems. The important thing about bees is that most of the crops in many countries of the world are pollinated by them. Without bees, the crops can't continue to grow. Many beekeepers in Europe have reported losing between 50 and 70 percent of their bees. Jim Piper, London beekeeper, said to the reporter, "My business is becoming worse. Twenty-nine of my forty hives are now empty."
Nobody knows for sure whether the theory is true or not, but it's a fact that bees are disappearing in very large numbers. And we can't manage without them. Einstein said that if all our bees disappeared, man would only live for four more years! If the mobile phone theory is correct, we need to do something about it right now—before it's too late.
1. What might be caused by mobiles according to Paragraph 1?
A. Poor listening. B. The forest fires. C. The disappearance of bees. D. Terrible toothache.
2. What does the theory in the passage say?
A. Bees have GPS inside their bodies. B. Mobiles have an influence on bees' hives.
C. The radiation makes bees unable to fly. D. The radiation makes bees lose their way home.
3. The underlined word "pollinate" probably means "________" in Chinese.
A. 授粉 B. 污染 C. 啃食 D. 催熟
4. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. Crops will stop growing. B. Beekeepers' business is getting worse.
C. Bees' disappearing is a serious problem. D. Beekeepers in Europe found the problem first.
5. The author wrote this passage to ________.
A. call on people to help beekeepers B. show how a bee's built-in system works
C. ask people to stop using mobiles right away D. warn people of the possible harm mobiles do to bees



(二)
Lively music, singing and the sound of beating drums fill the room. As an orchestra（管弦乐队 ）plays, performers dressed in colorful costumes move across the stage（舞台 ）. Welcome to Chinese opera.
Chinese opera is an important element（元素 ）of Chinese culture. Most operas are based on stories from long ago. The amazing stage performances are often set against grand backgrounds. Beautiful paintings, hand movements and martial arts（武术 ）help tell these famous stories.
There are more than 300 forms of Chinese opera, including Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Yu Opera, Ge Zai Xi and many other forms. Of all of them, Beijing Opera is the most famous. Beijing Opera combines（合并 ）singing, dancing and acrobatics. Instruments such as drums, bells and cymbals accompany（伴奏 ）the performances.

Facial design
Traditionally, performers used masks（面具 ）for their facial design. Today, however, performers use makeup. They paint colorful designs on their faces. These colors and designs help to create each character. For example, a brave character has a red face, while a black face means bold. A yellow and white face represents（代表 ）someone who is dishonest.
Costumes

Costumes give clues（线索 ）to the performers’ characters and roles. Audiences（观众 ）that are familiar with opera will get to know a story by the masks and costumes. Costumes usually have many designs and colors. The same costume can be used in different shows, however, it will represent a different character.
Promoting the arts
Many colleges and schools in China desire（渴望 ）to keep the art of Chinese opera alive. They provide an education system for talented students. Applicants（应试者 ）must pass a written test, an audition（试镜 ）and an interview and only the most promising students are accepted to study at these colleges and schools. Once accepted into the program, students begin a seven-to-twelve-year journey through the school. After graduation, many go on to work as professional actors on stage or in the movies.
6. Of all forms of Chinese opera, which is the most famous?
A. Beijing Opera B. Ge Zai Xi C. Yu Opera
7. The character with a yellow and white face is________.
A. brave B. dishonest C. bold
8. What does the word promising mean in the passage?
A. 诚信的 B. 热情的 C. 有前途的
9. Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Anyone who likes Chinese opera can be accepted into the program.
B. If a person knows opera well， masks and costumes will help know the story.
C. Once in the program, you have to study for 7 to 12 year at school.
10. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. Chinese culture B. Beijing Opera C. Costumes and facial design

(三)
Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts warn of even greater results to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.
According to the data from the WMO, temperatures on the Antarctica (南极洲) just hit 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.59℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic or a hiking trip, this is the Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place. In fact, the average temperature of the continent’s central area is -57℃.
Besides, many places are experiencing the extreme weather this summer. Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving bushfires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China.
“Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”
11. What doesn’t bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage?
A. Hunting. B. Climate change. C. The sea ice loss. D. The Arctic ice melting.
12. What can you get out of this passage?
A. The Antarctica is pleasant for a hiking trip.
B. Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe.
C. Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases.
D. The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March, 2015.
13. What does the underlined word “inhospitable" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. comfortable to live B. friendly to live C. unhealthy to live D. unfit to live
14. Which place didn’t experience drought this year?
A. Europe. B. Australia. C. America. D. China.
15. What is the main idea for this passage?
A. The whole planet is drier and drier.
B. The Antarctica is warmer and warmer.
C. Climate change is getting worse and worse.
D. The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.


(四) 【2020 •广东省深圳市】
When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is best﹣known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea.
Lu was born in Jingling in 733 A．D．As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi. Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his knowledge on tea and herbs (草药).
Lu Yu often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In 752 A．D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Cui, with his rich experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
16．What is Lu famous for?
A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers.
C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture.
17．What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control
18．Why did Lu and Cui become good friends?
A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place.
C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences.
19．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage?
①Lu Yu wrote The Classic of Tea.
②Lu Yu became a student of Zou Fuzi.
③Lu Yu made friends with Cui Guofu.
④Lu Yu found water quality was important.
A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．④①③② D．④②③①

(五)
When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is best﹣known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea.
Lu was born in Jingling in 733 A．D．As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi. Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his knowledge on tea and herbs (草药).
Lu Yu often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In 752 A．D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Cui, with his rich experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
20．What is Lu famous for?
A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers.
C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture.
21．What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control
22．Why did Lu and Cui become good friends?
A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place.
C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences.
23．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage?
①Lu Yu wrote The Classic of Tea.
②Lu Yu became a student of Zou Fuzi.
③Lu Yu made friends with Cui Guofu.
④Lu Yu found water quality was important.
A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．④①③② D．④②③①


(模拟题)
（2022-江苏常州·一模 ）
Spider monkeys have long, thin arms with hooklike hands that allow them to swing through the trees. They do not have opposable thumbs（对生拇指 ）.
The brown-headed spider monkey has a prehensile（缠绕性的 ）tail, which means it can grasp and can be used like a fifth leg to grab trees. During the day, the spider monkey searches for fruits, which make up the main part of its diet. They will also eat flowers, seeds, leaves, and small insects during the dry season when fruits aren’t available. They spend most of the daylight hours climbing and swinging through the high branches of trees.
The brown-headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about 20 to 100 male and female monkeys. They split into smaller groups for feeding. Females usually give birth to only a single baby each year or two. Young monkeys are carried on their mothers’ stomachs until about 16 weeks old. Then they are strong enough to ride on their mothers’ backs. All brown-headed spider monkey babies are born with a pink face and ears.
Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories. They were named spider monkeys because they look like spiders as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging. Their genus（属 ）name is Ateles, which means “imperfect”. This refers to the fact that they don’t have thumbs.
Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.
1．Spider monkeys live mostly on ________.
A．insects B．fruits C．flowers D．leaves
2．What can we learn about spider monkeys?
A．They have five legs. B．They live in small groups.
C．Their tails can take their weight. D．Their genus is the same as spiders’.
3．Where do newly-born spider monkeys stay?
A．In a large community. B．In trees with high branches.
C．On their mothers’ backs. D．On their mothers’ stomachs.
4．What does the underlined word “barred” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Permitted. B．Prevented. C．Encouraged. D．Ignored.

（2022-河南焦作·一模 ）
Succulents（多肉植物 ）can usually stay wet in hot and dry days. They are easy to plant as well.
Get the pots（盆 ）ready. Make sure that you are not using either too large or too small a pot. There should be three or more holes at the bottom of the pot. Clay pots are the best for planting succulents. Fill one third of the pot with small stones.
Fill the pots with potting mix. Hold the plant carefully at the center of the pot and place the potting mix around the plant until it covers them up.
Provide good sunlight. Succulents prefer bright light. So place the pots in an area where there is plenty of sunlight. The best sun time will be from morning to noon during the summer.
Water your plant. The first watering will be done on the third day of planting. Watering at a later time will depend on the growth of the plant. A good rule is that the potting mix should be allowed to dry up before the next watering. It is suggested to water twice a week during the summer, every two weeks during early and late winter and once a month during the coldest weather.
Fertilize（施肥 ）it. Do it during the summer growing season, as you would with other houseplants. Stop fertilizing completely during the winter. The nitrogen content（含氮量 ）of the fertilizer should always be very low.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
5．How should you prepare a pot for a succulent?
A．Try to avoid using a clay pot.
B．Fill half of the pot with small stones.
C．Use a pot that is much larger than the plant.
D．Use a pot with at least 3 holes at the bottom.
6．In summer, when is the best time to provide a succulent with sunshine?
A．From 9 a.m to 11 a.m. B．From 12 a.m to 2 p.m.
C．From 2 p.m to 4 p.m. D．From 4 p.m to 6 p.m.
7．How often should you water a succulent during early winter?
A．Twice a week. B．Every two weeks.
C．Once a month. D．Every two months.
8．What should you do when you fertilize a succulent?
A．Don’t fertilize it during winter.
B．Don’t fertilize it like other houseplants.
C．Use a fertilizer that is high in nitrogen.
D．Fertilize it on the third day after planting.
9．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A．Succulents are easy to plant.
B．You should choose a right pot.
C．Succulents do not like any light.
D．You first water the plant on the third day of planting.

（2022-江苏扬州·一模 ）
Does the endless messages and the thought of replying to unopened texts make you stressed? Texting stress is a real thing, and more common than you’d think.
In the last 25 years, texting has already changed the way we communicate. From QQ to WeChat, likes, shares and group chats join traditional forms of communication like email and texting. Many find themselves tired out from the endless notices and group conversations.
The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. On average, each person will have 47 unread text messages and 1,602 unopened emails. Yet the average phone screen time is more than ever before, at 4.2 hours per day.
Leah Aguirre, a psychotherapist explains that text conversations are usually a cause of stress as they come with a lot of uncertainty. “We don’t know how someone will reply, if they will reply, or how quickly they will reply. We can’t control other people’s actions or behaviour or how they think, and for people that are more likely to be stressed this can be hard to deal with.”
Text stress can influence your relationships with friends and loved ones. A 2018 study found that friendships are far more successful when you and the other person have a similar texting style. If both of you reply to texts quickly, the relationship is less likely to hit the rocks. Similarly, if everyone is happy to go hours, days, even weeks with replying to texts, then the relationship is better.
Aguirre suggests limiting the time you are on your phone will help you feel relaxed. “You can tell yourself that you have no control over another person’s reaction or behaviour. Remind yourself that this is just a phone or a text message and that you are okay and will be okay,” she said.
Now, time to get to all those unanswered texts.
10．The writer listed the data (数据) in Paragraph 3 to tell us ________.
A．texting has taken up too much of our time
B．technology has developed fast over the years
C．cellphone has become a useful tool in daily lives
D．people would like to communicate through messages
11．What can we learn from the passage?
A．It may be impolite not to reply all the text messages.
B．People don’t get stressed if they have similar texting styles.
C．Group conversations are more likely to make people stressed.
D．Whether people get stressed depends on how someone replies.
12．According to Aguirre, we can reduce texting stress by ________.
①spending less time on the phone
②paying no attention to messages
③communicating in another way
④reminding ourselves to relax
A．①③ B．②④ C．②③ D．①④
13．Which part of the newspaper is the passage probably from?
A．Education. B．Science. C．Society. D．Culture.

（2022-江苏扬州·一模 ）

The moment they are picked up from kindergarten each day, Tan Xinyan and her friends rushed into a playground with new swings, climbing frames and slides.
“I’m surprised that such a small change can bring the children so much joy,” says Tan’s mother Hu Yufeng while talking about the playground in her community.
The appearance in old neighborhoods of well-equipped children’s playgrounds shows that China is taking steps to create better conditions for raising a child.
The country with the largest population is preparing for the low fertility of rates(生育率), at a low level of 1.3 in 2020.
In 2015, China began to allow all couples to have a second child. In 2021, this was ▲ to three children for each family. It was followed by a series of supportive actions. The country’s new population and family planning law was also made to build a more birth-friendly society.
Even so, most of the couples don’t want to a second or a third child mainly because of the heavy stress of bearing, raising and educating children. As a result, support from local government includes longer paternity leave(产假), extra parental leave and better public services.
Having grown up as the only child in her family, the 35-year-old mother always envied those who had siblings to play with and offer support. However, she doubted whether to have a second child in the beginning, worrying that her parents and parents-in-law are already in their late 60s, and she and her husband both have busy careers.
“If we could not offer the children the attention and care they need for a happy and healthy childhood, we wouldn’t have a second child” Hu says.
As it turns out, she found more happiness with two children. “What doubled is not the workload, but the joy and good memories they created,” Hu says.
With supportive actions being taken, more mothers-to-be aiming for two or three children are expected to feel the same way.
In general, children are the creators of our future, and it’s the job of us grown-ups to create an environment to make this come true.
14．What’s the purpose of the first three paragraphs?
A．To express opinions. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To show feelings. D．To draw a conclusion.
15．Which of the following words can be put in the blank ▲ ?
A．Returned. B．Included. C．Reduced. D．Increased.
16．What’s the main reason why most couples don’t want a second or a third child?
A．Their parents and parents-in-law are already in their late 60s.
B．Most couples have busy careers and only care about themselves.
C．The stress of bearing, raising and educating children is heavy.
D．They can not offer the children the attention and care they need.
17．The underlined word “siblings” means ________.
A．relatives and friends B．father and mother
C．teachers and students D．brothers and sisters




（2022-北京西城·一模 ）

Some people are worried that wearing masks will have a bad effect on children’s ability to learn language and socialize. Even parents often worry about how a school year without smiles might negatively(消极地) influence their children.
These worries are understandable, but according to Dr. Danovitch, a research psychologist, who studies the cognitive(认知的) and social development of children, wearing a mask at school could improve certain social and cognitive skills, helping to strengthen abilities like self-control and attention. Take language learning as an example. It’s true that masks cover our mouths and that seeing mouth shape and movement helps babies learn language. But learning how to communicate involves a lot more than mouths. Looking at eyes is at least as important as looking at mouths to understand the people you are looking at and what they are trying to express. Children also make use of other signs to figure out what new words mean and what other people are thinking. A classroom full of people wearing masks is a great chance for children to practice paying attention to those signs, such as a classmate’s tone of voice or a teacher’s body language.
Wearing a mask can also help teach children to pay more attention to their own bodies and physical behaviors. Keeping a mask on over the course of a school day involves the kind of self-control that many children find challenging. Needless to say, children will not always be perfect at keeping their masks on, but they have to be mindful of when their masks are slipping down or when it is OK to take them off. The research on self-control suggests that children who master the skills needed to keep their masks on will grow up to be better at achieving their long-term goals.
Perhaps most importantly, wearing masks during a pandemic(流行病) is a chance for children to practice caring for their community. A recent study shows that children understand the spread of illness better than ever. Wearing a mask gives young children the ability to do something to help protect other people. For older children, mask-wearing is a way to teach them about duty and sacrifice(牺牲). They believe that it feels good to make sacrifices for people in need. Stressing that the discomfort and inconvenience of mask-wearing are forms of caring and public service might encourage children to address other social problems in their lives.
In fact, how children feel about wearing masks at school, and how much they benefit from wearing them, are going to depend on how the parents, teachers and caregivers around them present the topic. Masks are hopefully not here to stay, but while they are still necessary, we should make the most of them.
18．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．A teacher uses body language to teach what new words mean.
B．Wearing masks gives children a chance to practice paying attention.
C．Dr. Danovitch helps children with their cognitive and social development.
D．Looking at the mouth matters more than looking at the eyes when people talk.
19．What can we learn from the passage?
A．It is unknown if mask-wearing helps children improve social skills.
B．Children believe that the discomfort of mask-wearing is acceptable.
C．People’s thoughts and emotions are hidden when they are wearing masks.
D．Children who know when to keep their masks on will probably be successful.
20．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Help Children Develop Skills
B．How to Be Perfect at Keeping Masks On
C．Wearing Masks Can Help Children Learn
D．Wearing Masks Can Solve Social Problems




2022年
(一) （2022-广东·中考真题 ）
Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure（探险 ）in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples（样本 ）from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach——only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme（极端的 ）conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.
1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．Jerry’s friends. B．Jerry’s achievements.
C．High mountains. D．A geography magazine.
2．What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Patient. D．Worried.
3．Why did Jerry set a team of top adventures?
A．To make friends. B．To help scientists.
C．To study plants. D．To train scientists.
4．Jerry’s and his friends’ adventures had changed ________.
A．their hobbies B．their friendship
C．their understanding of life D．their living conditions
5．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Dangerous Mountains Climbing. B．Important Scientific Discoveries.
C．Plants Found on High Mountains. D．Adventures Turned into Something Greater.
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D
【解析】
本文介绍杰里是世界著名的登山运动员，他想把自己的冒险变成对世界有帮助的事情，他和团队帮助科学家们了解了植物如何在极端条件下生存，在冒险的同时做了更伟大的事。
1．段落大意题。分析第一段内容可知，本段主要介绍杰里的一些成就，故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled.”以及“Is it enough to climb the highest mountains? Am I doing something helpful? How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world?”可知，虽然杰里已经获得了巨大的成功，但是他没有感到满足，此处fulfilled的意思是“满足，满意”，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists.”可知，他组建了一支顶级探险团队，为科学家们收集样本。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“Such adventures had made us see life in a different way.”可知，这样的冒险让我们以不同的方式看待生活。故选C。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍杰里是世界著名的登山运动员，他想把自己的冒险变成对世界有帮助的事情，他和团队帮助科学家们了解了植物如何在极端条件下生存，在冒险的同时做了更伟大的事，选项D“冒险变成了更伟大的事情”符合主题，故选D。

(二) （2022-辽宁辽宁·中考真题 ）
This is the word “family" written in Chinese “家”. It’s a pictographic character (象形文字). The “宀” looks like the roof (屋顶) of a house, and the “豖” is a pictographic character for “pig”, which is developed from a picture like this:

The word “家” with a pig under the roof of a house may show the importance of domestic animals (家畜) to traditional Chinese families.
There is a strong feeling between parents, children and other family members. The father is usually very strict with their children. Parents work very hard to set a good example for their children, while children study hard. Brothers and sisters in the family are very friendly and helpful to each other. All the family members make an effort to live a happy life.
Our ancestors (祖先) will be part of our life and a warm memory forever. ________
We remember our ancestors, not for any advantages for ourselves but to make our feelings more active. Whenever we think of them, they make us stronger inside.
Everyone values the idea of “making all the members of the family happy”. We should all have this same idea as the great “China dream”. There are thousands of families in China, just because every family goes well, China is getting better and better.
6．The word “家” may show us _________are important to traditional Chinese families.
A．houses' roofs B．domestic animals C．more children D．hard-working fathers
7．All the family members try their best to_________.
A．live a happy life B．become very strict
C．help other families D．set a good example
8．Which of the following sentences may be put in_________?
A．Every family has their own warm houses.
B．We would like to live and study in the past.
C．People always get together to celebrate the day.
D．They connect all the family members together.
9．From the passage we can learn China’s _________depends on every family.
A．memories B．advantages C．value D．development
10．The best title of the passage is “_________”.
A．Important pigs B．Traditional ideas C．Strong feelings D．Chinese families
【答案】
6．B 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．D
【解析】
本文讲述“家”这个汉字的演变，及其所体现的中国的家庭观。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“The word ‘家’ with a pig under the roof of a house may show the importance of domestic animals to traditional Chinese families”，可知，“家”显示了在传统中国家庭中家畜的重要性。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“All the family members make an effort to live a happy life”，可知，所有的家人努力幸福的生活。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据第四段“Our ancestors will be part of our life and a warm memory forever”祖先是生活的一部分，有永久的温暖的回忆，可推断D选项“他们把所有的家人连接在一起”符合。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are thousands of families in China, just because every family goes well, China is getting better and better”，可知中国有上千的家庭，每个家庭都幸福美满，所以中国才会越来越好；由此推知，中国的价值观取决于每个家庭。故选D。
10．最佳标题题。文章讲述的是“家”这个汉字的演变，及其所体现的中国的家庭观，最佳标题为“Chinese families”。故选D。
(三) （2022-吉林·中考真题 ）

There is a traditional toy called taiping nijiaojiao. It is a clay toy and also a whistle (哨子) in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. It has a history of over 1,000 years.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mud from the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, and the key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toy into anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult part to make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. While coloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) that carry good meanings. It’s hard to make taiping nijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
Zhou Baokang, a lover of folk art, learned how to make the clay toy from local artists about 20 years ago. He wants more people to know about it, so he has opened a museum to introduce the clay toy. He teaches kids how to make the clay toy, too.
There are many traditional art forms in China, but some of them have been lost. Luckily, the traditional clay toy taiping nijiaojiao is kept to this day.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
11．What is taiping nijiaojiao?
A．A toy. B．An animal. C．A plant. D．A museum.
12．What does the underlined word “mud” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Soft silk. B．Clean water. C．Wet earth. D．Dead wood.
13．What is the key step when you make taiping nijiaojiao?
A．Choosing the elements. B．Kneading the clay toy.
C．Making the blowhole. D．Coloring the clay toy.
14．Who does Zhou Baokang teach to make taiping nijiaojiao?
A．Artists. B．Kids. C．Masters. D．Teachers.
15．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Shapes of the Clay Toy B．A Lover of Folk Art
C．Ways of Making a Clay Toy D．A Traditional Clay Toy
【答案】
11．A 12．C 13．B 14．B 15．D
【解析】
本文主要介绍了太平泥叫叫这种文化艺术，介绍了它的制作过程，并呼吁人们要将中国文化传承下去。
11．细节理解题。根据“There is a traditional toy called taiping nijiaojiao”可知，这是一个传统玩具，故选A。
12．词义猜测题。根据“from the local mountain”及“and the key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands”可知，由来自山区的泥土制成，这样才能用手来捏它，所以mud与wet earth同义，故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, and the key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands”可知，最关键的一步是用手揉捏，故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据“He teaches kids how to make the clay toy, too”可知，他教孩子们如何制作粘土玩具，故选B。
15．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了太平泥叫叫这种文化艺术，所以最适合本文的标题是“传统黏土玩具”，故选D。

(四) （2022-黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题 ）
The Science Museum is the most friendly museum in London. As is known to all, shouting and running are not allowed in most museums, and touching the exhibits(展品) is also forbidden. But the Science Museum in London is different. It is noisy!
People talk about what they can see and do here, and there are some very noisy machines, too. If you want answers to any of your questions about science, this is the right place. On the second and third floors, you can learn some knowledge about communications, the environment, chemistry and so on. For example, you can understand how people dig coal(煤) from the ground and use it to create energy.
The Launchpad on the third floor is the most popular room because you can experience lots of physics experiments (实验) in it. For example, if you want to fill a bag with sand, you have to control a kind of truck on wheels and move it into the correct place. You can also find out how people travel into space and back again by spaceships. On its fourth and fifth floors, you can learn about what medicine was like in the past. Comparing the medicine of the past with today, you will feel very lucky to see a doctor in the modern hospitals!
People of all ages can visit the Science Museum in London for free. It’s very interesting. You can always find something new to you and have a wonderful time here. The museum is open daily from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., so you can enjoy yourself here for either a few minutes or a few hours.
If you go to London, don’t miss the chance to visit the Science Museum.
Choose the best choice from A, B or C according to the passage.
16．The underlined word “forbidden” means “________” in Chinese.
A．禁止 B．允许 C．欢迎
17．The visitors can’t _________ in the Science Museum in London.
A．travel by spaceship B．shout or run C．touch the exhibits
18．Where can you experience a lot of physics experiments?
A．On the second floor.
B．From the ground.
C．The Launchpad on the third floor.
19．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．There is no need to buy tickets to enter the Science Museum in London.
B．You can see a doctor in the Science Museum in London.
C．You can’t have a visit to the Science Museum in London on weekends.
20．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the history of the Science Museum in London
B．the introduction of the Science Museum in London
C．the development of the Science Museum in London
【答案】
16．A 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了伦敦的科学博物馆。
16．词义猜测题。根据第一段“As is known to all, shouting and running are not allowed in most museums, and touching the exhibits(展品) is also forbidden.”以及结合常识可知，大喊大叫以及触摸展品在大多数博物馆是禁止的。可见“forbidden”是“禁止”的意思。故选A。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“As is known to all, shouting and running are not allowed in most museums, and touching the exhibits(展品) is also forbidden. But the Science Museum in London is different. It is noisy!”可知，大多数博物馆都不允许大喊大叫和奔跑，触摸展品也是禁止的。但伦敦的科学博物馆不同。可推知在科学博物馆可以喊、叫、也可以触摸展品。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Launchpad on the third floor is the most popular room because you can experience lots of physics experiments (实验) in it.”可知，三楼的发射台是最受欢迎的房间，因为你可以在里面体验很多物理实验。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段“People of all ages can visit the Science Museum in London for free.”各个年龄段的人都可以免费参观伦敦科学博物馆。可推知去伦敦科学博物馆是不需要买票的。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据“If you go to London, don’t miss the chance to visit the Science Museum.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了伦敦的科学博物馆。故选B。


(五) （2022-福建·中考真题 ）

On the afternoon of March 23, 2022, Chinese astronauts on board China’s Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013? Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.
While watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20, 2013, Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing, was drawing a colorful rocket with crayons in his classroom. “Moon…stars…a rocket to the sky,” Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time, he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping, who talked about movements in micro-gravity（微重力 ）environments. “Zero gravity!” Qian Shaohong, another student at the school, shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air. “Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world,” said Zhang Yini, a teacher at the school.
The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the “roof (屋脊) of the world”. “I was most interested in the presentation of the ‘water ball’ in a gravity-free environment. It’s really amazing,” said Rigzin Jigme Doje, a high school student in Lhasa, Tibet. Describing himself as a lover of physics, Doje said the lesson helped him stay true to his dream of becoming a physicist.
The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the mysterious world of outer space to their hometown.
21．The space lesson in 2013 was for ________.
A．Chinese astronauts B．Chinese teachers
C．school children in China D．scientists all over China
22．Which picture shows Nie Haisheng’s body movement according to the text?
A． B． C． D．
23．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Wang Yaping’s talk on micro-gravity environments.
B．The influence of the space lesson on the disabled students.
C．The efforts of the disabled students in a special school.
D．A 10-year-old student’s dream of sending a rocket to the sky.
24．What do we know about Rigzin Jigme Doje?
A．He liked drawing stars. B．He talked a lot about his work.
C．He was a primary school student. D．He was fond of physics.
25．After watching the space lesson, the Tibetan students ________.
A．had a new view of their high schools
B．got an amazing “water ball” in space
C．increased an understanding of the roof of the world
D．developed a deep interest in the world of outer space
【答案】
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．D
【解析】
本文讲述太空课堂对残疾儿童及西藏的学生的积极影响。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013? Helped by the other two astronauts, she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country.”可知，2013年太空课堂是开给中国的学校的学生的。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段“astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air”，可知聂海胜在半空展示了交叉腿。A选项图片符合。故选A。
23．段落大意题。根据“Wang Lutian, a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing…he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson”及“Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world”可知，第二段主要讲述的是太空课对残疾孩子的影响。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Describing himself as a lover of physics, Doje said the lesson helped him stay true to his dream of becoming a physicist”可知，Rigzin Jigme Doje喜欢物理。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the ‘roof of the world’”及最后一段“The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the mysterious world of outer space to their hometown”可知，看了太空课之后，西藏的学生增长了对太空科学的兴趣，把家乡和外太空联系起来了，可推断发展了对于外太空的浓厚兴趣。故选D。




(六) （2022-海南·中考真题 ）

Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort(分类) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.
Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles(角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,” said one of the students who built the AI system.
The idea of the smart bin was born two years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution.
“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.”
The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online.
“Our bin is now in its third generation(代). Before graduation, we hope it can be widely used in the city.” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.”
26．According to the first paragraph we know the ________ of Waste Collection Point.
A．price B．size C．use
27．The underlined words “rate of accuracy” mean “________” in Chinese.
A．精准度 B．参与度 C．知名度
28．This chart shows why Waste Collection Point was developed. Which is the missing part?

A．the hit of the COVID-19 B．villagers’ encouragement C．picking up rubbish around
29．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．four young inventors B．a new invention C．the rubbish problem
30．How is this passage organized(组织)? (P=Paragraph)
A． B． C．
【答案】
26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．B
【解析】
本文主要介绍了一项新的发明——智能垃圾箱。
26．细节理解题。根据“smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort(分类) the waste.”可知它使用人工智能对垃圾进行分类，所以根据第一段我们可以知道它的使用，故选C。
27．词义猜测题。根据“To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles”可知从不同的角度拍摄许多照片，是为了让人工智能的准确度更高，故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据““All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.””可知所有的垃圾箱都满了，山上甚至还有垃圾，每个周末，他们都要和村民一起捡垃圾，所以此处应该是捡垃圾，故选C。
29．主旨大意题。根据“ four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.”以及通读全文可知本文主要介绍了一项新的发明——智能垃圾箱。故选B。
30．篇章结构题。第一段是整体介绍智能垃圾箱，点名主题；第二段介绍垃圾箱的使用；第三、四、五段介绍是如何产生智能垃圾箱的想法；第六段介绍垃圾箱的升级以及四名高中生的期望。故选B。

(七) （2022-河北·中考真题 ）
Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure（失败 ）. This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.
We must not be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb（灯泡 ）. When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times.
Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.
We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. Some win, while some lose. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations（祝贺 ）to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.
In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples to us, and most importantly, they finally win.
31．What can we learn from every failure according to the text?
A．A way of life. B．A valuable thing.
C．A general rule. D．A secret of success.
32．In the writer’s eyes, why did Edison achieve success?
A．He got help from others. B．He happened to make it.
C．He avoided possible mistakes. D．He saw the bright side of losing.
33．What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean?
A．Bad. B．Personal. C．Dangerous. D．Interesting.
34．What does the writer advise the losers to do in a competition?
A．Express the regrets. B．Forget the failure.
C．Share in the winners’ enjoyment. D．Join in another competition.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Ideas about How to Avoid Mistakes B．Experience in Dealing with Problems
C．Advice on How to Be a Good Loser D．Advantages of both Success and Failure
【答案】
31．B 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．C
【解析】
本文主要讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。
31．细节理解题。根据“However, we can learn something valuable from every failure（失败 ）.”可知，然而，我们可以从每一次失败中学到一些有价值的东西。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据“When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. ”可知，当我们失败的时候，微笑着接受它，看到它光明的一面。爱迪生成功是因为他看到了失败的光明的一面。故选D。
33．词句猜测题。根据“Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it.”可知，失败不是很丢脸。我们必须接受失败，并学会利用它。disgraceful与Bad意思相近。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据“ If we offer our congratulations（祝贺 ）to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.”可知，如果我们向获奖者表示祝贺并分享他们的快乐，我们不会为我们的失败感到遗憾。故选C。
35．最佳标题题。根据“So we must know how to be a good loser.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。C选项“关于如何成为一个好失败者的建议”符合题意。故选C。



(八) （2022-重庆·中考真题 ）
①On January 4, the China National Traditional Orchestra(中央民族乐团) played some well-known traditional music in their concert. Audiences(观众) enjoyed the beautiful sounds guzheng, the powerful tunes of suona, the tearful notes of erhu and so on. Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story.
②“I’ve fallen in love with the sounds of traditional instruments, especially pipa, a four-stringed(弦) instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years. It can produce different sounds, such as the sounds of falling snow and raindrops. Every time I listen to a pipa tune, I have a strong feeling of peace,” said Yang Tian, an audience of the concert.
③However, a recent report suggests. ________ To wake up people’s love for traditional music, something creative has been done.
④In some traditional music concerts, VR(虚拟现实) technology is used to bring the star sky or the beautiful sandy view of Dunhuang to the music hall. It makes the experience like watching a 3D movie.
⑤Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk(民间) singing, opera and Chinese instruments through technology. People are surprised at his works and they love them!
⑥Some musicians try to add something new to traditional music. They bring modern music like pop and rap into traditional music. When the east meets the west, the new form of music wins the hearts of both the old and the young.
⑦Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.
40．Which of the following can be put in the ________?
A．pipa can not produce the sound of falling snow
B．traditional music is much better than modern music
C．the number of traditional music listeners is dropping
D．more young people show interest in traditional music
41．To wake up people’s love for traditional music, Li Xiao bing ________.
A．tells many tearful stories B．makes good 3D movies
C．mixes traditional music D．sings pop and rap songs
42．The structure(结构) of the passage is ________.
A． B．
C． D．
43．According to the passage, the writer believes ________.
A．traditional music should only be played in concerts
B．the ways to play traditional music must be changed
C．traditional music must remain unchanged all the time
D．traditional music with creativity will be more popular
【答案】
40．C 41．C 42．B 43．D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国传统音乐的美。
40．推理判断题。根据“However, a recent report suggests.”可知，此处应介绍研究的结果，结合后句“To wake up people’s love for traditional music, something creative has been done.”可知，为了唤醒人们对传统音乐的热爱，人们做了一些创造性的事情，所以空处应表示人们对于传统音乐的关注和喜爱程度有所下降，选项C“传统音乐听众的数量正在下降”符合语境，故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据“Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk singing, opera and Chinese instruments through technology.”可知，来自北京的音乐教师Li Xiaobing通过技术将传统民歌、戏曲和中国乐器融合在一起。故选C。
42．篇章结构题。第一、二段介绍中国传统音乐的美以及一位喜欢传统音乐的人的评价；第三、四、五、六段介绍为了唤醒人们对传统音乐的热爱，人们做了哪些创造性的事情；第七段收尾。故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据“Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.”可知，传统音乐展示了我们文化的美，再加一些创造力，伟大的事情发生了。推测作者认为有创意的传统音乐会更受欢迎，故选D。


(九) （2022-江苏徐州·中考真题 ）
Flying cars: flying high and reaching for the sky!
Traffic jam is almost every driver’s headache. So it’s not surprising to see why the idea of turning cars into flying machines has been popular for years. The flying cars can be seen in a lot of science fiction novels and films. Now the idea may become a reality in the near future.
Basic information
● A flying car provides transport by both land and air.
● A few models of flying cars have already completed test flights.
Advantages
● Reducing road traffic jams.
● Travelling across greater distances much faster than common cars.
● Saving space on the ground for parks and other public spaces.
▲
● Building an engine that is powerful enough to lift and fly the car for a long time.
● Creating a strong lightweight body so that the flying car can be used in any weather.
● Designing sky “roads” to manage the flow of traffic in the air.
● Making new traffic rules in the sky.
44．How many advantages does the material tell us about flying cars?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
45．Which word is the most suitable for ▲ ?
A．Disadvantages. B．Possibilities. C．Contributions. D．Challenges.
46．What do we learn from the material?
A．People may drive flying cars in the near future.
B．So far no flying cars have completed test flights.
C．There are some rules against the use of flying cars.
D．Flying cars can be used on land, in water and in the air.
47．What’s the main purpose of the material?
A．To explain how to make flying cars. B．To introduce flying cars.
C．To show the importance of flying cars. D．To advertise for flying cars.
【答案】
44．B 45．D 46．A 47．B
【解析】
本文主要介绍了飞行汽车的相关信息。
44．细节理解题。根据“●Reducing road traffic jams ●Travelling across greater distances much faster than common cars ●Saving space on the ground for parks and other public spaces”可知有三个优点，故选B。
45．推理判断题。根据“●Building an engine that is powerful enough to lift and fly the car for a long time；●Creating a strong lightweight body so that the flying car can be used in any weather；●Designing sky “roads” to manage the flow of traffic in the air；●Making new traffic rules in the sky”（制造一个足够强大的发动机，可以长时间提升和驾驶汽车、打造结实轻盈的车身，让飞车可以在任何天气下使用、设计空中“道路”以管理空中交通流、制定空中新交通规则 ）可推知这些都是挑战，故选D。
46．细节理解题。根据“The flying cars can be seen in a lot of science fiction novels and films. Now the idea may become a reality in the near future.”可知飞行汽车可以在很多科幻小说和电影中看到。现在这个想法可能在不久的将来成为现实。所以A选项“在不久的将来，人们可能会驾驶飞行汽车。”符合文意，故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据“A flying car provides transport by both land and air.”以及通读全文可知，文章主要是介绍了飞行汽车的相关信息，故选B。

(十) （2022-江苏镇江·中考真题 ）
Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips(芯片).
The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly. They feature low power consumption. They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now, several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will help users and bike companies record user speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded.
In fact, years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services. After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas. The latest chips which are popular with bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types.
Since 2000, a total of 59 Beidou satellites have been lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 2020, the system was completed and started providing global services. Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan, a 16.3-percent increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14.000 China’s companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.
48．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A．The history of shared bikes.
B．The qualities of shared bikes.
C．The advantages of Beidou-based chips.
D．The producers of Beidou-based chips.
49．What does the underlined word “installing” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．putting away B．putting off C．putting through D．putting in
50．How does the writer prove the value of satellite navigation and positioning services in Paragraph 5?
A．By explaining reasons B．By listing numbers.
C．By comparing conditions. D．By introducing backgrounds.
51．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Technology Shapes the Future of the Products
B．Users Needs Drive the Growth of the Products
C．Competition Lifts the Quality of the Products
D．Service Increases the Sales of the Products
【答案】
48．C 49．D 50．B 51．A
【解析】
本文主要讲述了北斗卫星导航系统的优势，以及它的应用。
48．段落大意题。根据“The chips have high qualities.”以及整段内容可知，本段主要是关于北斗芯片的优势。故选C。
49．词句猜测题。根据“After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas.”可知北斗系统全面投入使用后，共享自行车公司开始在更多地区的更多自行车上安装基于北斗的芯片。只有D选项的putting in表示“安装”，故选D。
50．细节理解题。根据“positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan, a 16.3-percent increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14.000 China’s companies”可知在第5段中，作者是通过列数字来证明卫星导航和定位服务的价值，故选B。
51．最佳标题题。根据“Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips(芯片).”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了北斗卫星导航系统的优势，以及它的应用，选项A“技术塑造产品的未来”符合，故选A。

(十一) （2022-广东广州·中考真题 ）
When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.
The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.
The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships.
52．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To discuss why people help each other. B．To describe the problems of giving help.
C．To introduce the advantages of giving help. D．To explain how we can help others properly.
53．What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Require. B．Discover. C．Suggest. D．Remember.
54．What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A．Act as a good listener to your friends. B．Learn how to give advice to your friends.
C．Pay attention to your friends’ unusual acts. D．Build good relationships with your friends.
55．According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don’t follow your advice on their serious problems?
A．Keep their problems as secrets. B．Let them make their own decisions.
C．Find out the causes of their problems. D．Get help from their trusted teachers.
【答案】
52．D 53．B 54．A 55．C
【解析】
本文讲述用正确的方式帮助朋友的建议。
52．推理判断题。根据第一段“This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways”可知，文章主要为了讲述帮助朋友意味着什么，怎样以正确的方式帮助朋友。故选D。
53．词义猜测题。根据第二段“It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well”可知，确认什么时候帮助朋友是重要的，“identify”表达“识别，确认”，相当于“discover”。故选B。
54．段落大意题。根据“The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life”可知，第三段讲述帮助朋友接下来的一步是做一个好的聆听者。故选A。
55．推理判断题。根据第三段“As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives”可知，如果在很严重的问题上朋友不听取你的建议，你应该努力弄懂朋友的感受和经历，努力从他们的角度看问题。可知需要弄清楚问题的原因。故选C。













2021年
(一) （2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题 ）
TECH& LIFE
MEMORY HELPER
A talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app (应用软件) for people with dementia (痴呆). And they won the final at the 2020 competition, standing out among 5,400 students from 62 countries, Mars Times reported.
Last year, Laura, Aaron and Vicky put their heads together for Technovation Kids(TK), an international competition that encourages teenagers to create an app that solves a community problem.
The inspiration for their project came from their teacher's mother, who had dementia and died earlier this year.
To complete their project, the three designed an app to support both people with dementia and their caregivers. The app solves some common problems connected with dementia like loss(失去) of memory.
“We hope that our app can reach millions of people who have dementia and just make their lives kind of easier, ” Laura said.


1．The app Memory Helper ______.
A．is used worldwide B．is designed for the old
C．helps deal with dementia D．connects people's brains
2．Where was the idea of creating Memory Helper from?______
A．The illness of a woman B．The advice of some students.
C．A scientific problem D．An international competition.
3．The small program Memory Game in the photo is probably to ______.
A．kill time B．practice the brain
C．store memories D．find back lost things
4．From the material above, we can know that ______.
A．the photo was provided by Laura
B．Technovation Kids took place in Ireland on June 21
C．Wuhan Daily reported the news before Mars Times
D．the news Memory Helper comes from TECH& LIFE section
5．The passage mainly tells us ______.
A．international competitions are important
B．a teacher helped three kids win the final
C．three teenagers have made something useful
D．everyone can realize their technology dream
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C
【分析】
本文介绍了一款应用软件——Memory Helper，它可以帮助痴呆患者，使他们的生活更容易。
1．细节理解题。根据“A talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app (应用软件) for people with dementia (痴呆).”可知Memory Helper为了痴呆的人开发的软件。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“The inspiration for their project came from their teacher's mother, who had dementia and died earlier this year.”可知项目的灵感来自他们老师的母亲。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“The app solves some common problems connected with dementia like loss(失去) of memory.”可知应用软件能够帮助痴呆患者减缓记忆力下降，因此可推测“记忆游戏”应该是锻炼大脑的。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据左上角的“TECH& LIFE”可知这篇材料应该出现在报纸上的科技与生活版块。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。根据“A talented young team from Ireland, the creators of Memory Helper, developed this support app (应用软件) for people with dementia (痴呆). ”可知本文主要介绍三个年轻人为痴呆人群开发的应用软件，他们做了有意义的事。故选C。

(二) （2021·四川眉山市·中考真题 ）
Have you ever imagined the life in space? The following will show you the astronauts’ daily life.
● Eating in space
If you go camping for more than a week with some friends, you will make sure you have plenty of foods and keep them properly. At the end of your camping trip, you would deal with your rubbish properly before the ride home.
Astronauts almost do the same thing when they go to space. Preparation changes with the food type. Some foods can be eaten in their natural forms, such as chocolate cakes and fruits. Other foods require adding water, such as cheese. Of course, an oven is provided at the space station to heat the food. But there are no fridges, so space food must be kept properly.
● Sleeping in space
After a long day at work, nothing is better than a good night’s sleep! Just like on the earth, in space astronauts go to bed at a certain time, then get up and prepare for work again. When going to sleep, they have to attach themselves, so they don’t float (漂浮) around or hit their bodies against something. They usually use sleeping bags located in small crew cabins (乘员舱). Each crew cabin is just big enough for one person. Generally, astronauts have an eight-hour sleep each day when they finish their task.
● Doing sports in space
Exercise is an important part of every astronaut’s daily life to prevent muscle loss (肌肉萎缩). Usually, astronauts exercise two hours every day. Lifting 200 pounds on the earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much easier. That means the things for exercise need to be specially designed, so astronauts can receive the exercise needed.
Living in space is not just all work and no play. Astronauts have fun, too. They like to look out the window and play with their food. Fun plays an important role in the quality of their life.
6．The writer starts to explain eating in space by ______.
A．telling a story B．asking a question C．giving an example D．comparing two facts
7．What does the underlined word “attach” in Paragraph 4 mean?______
A．Tie. B．Hide. C．Catch. D．Carry.
8．It is much easier for people ______ in space than on the earth.
A．to fall asleep B．to lift heavy things C．to prevent muscle loss D．to eat cold food
9．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?______
A．CULTURE. B．SOCIETY. C．SCIENCE. D．HISTORY.
【答案】
6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C
【分析】
文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活。
6．篇章结构题。根据“If you go camping for more than a week with some friends, you will make sure you have plenty of foods and keep them properly.”可知作者通过一个例子来解释在太空吃东西。故选C。
7．词义猜测题。根据“so they don’t float around or hit their bodies against something”可知为了不到处漂浮或撞倒东西，睡觉时应该把自己系在某些地方，attach意为“系上”。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据“Lifting 200 pounds on the earth may be a lot of work. But lifting that same object in space would be much easier.”可知人们在太空中举起重物比在地球上容易得多。故选B。
9．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的日常生活。我们能在报纸的科学栏读到这篇文章。故选C。

(三) （2021·四川眉山市·中考真题 ）
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are turning to paper products as a choice. Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic. However, it, too, is harmful to the environment.
Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, can reduce (减少) carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels in the atmosphere. They can slow down climate (气候) change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more acts of cutting down trees.
Secondly, products made from paper require more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a brand new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Thirdly, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more oil to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a large amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.
The most environment-friendly solution is to avoid single-use products altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. Through increasing the use of these products, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our Earth a greener place!
10．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to?______
A．Plastic products. B．Trees. C．Paper products. D．Businesses.
11．Compared with transporting two million plastic bags, transporting two million paper bags requires ______.
A．fewer trucks B．six more trucks C．twice as many trucks D．the same number of trucks
12．The writer compared the price of a paper straw and that of a plastic straw to show that ______.
A．paper products are not a good choice for businesses
B．it is difficult for all businesses to turn to paper products
C．most people believe paper products are better than plastic ones
D．paper products are as harmful to the environment as plastic ones
13．By writing this article, the writer mainly wanted to ______.
① compare plastic products with paper ones
② correct people’s wrong ideas about paper products
③ suggest people use reusable products like steel straws
④ list the advantages and disadvantages of using paper products
A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③

【答案】
10．B 11．B 12．A 13．D
【分析】
作者通过一些事实来证明纸制品并不是环保的，最环保的解决方案是完全避免使用一次性物品。
10．代词指代题。根据“Trees, as you know, can reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. They can slow down climate change.”可知此处讲树能减缓气候变化，“They”指代上文出现过的“trees”。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据“Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags.”可知运送200万个纸袋需要7两卡车，而运送同样的塑料袋需要1辆卡车，相比之下运输200万个纸袋需要多用6辆卡车。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.”可知作者比较了纸质吸管和塑料吸管的价格，表明纸质产品不是企业的好选择。故选A。
13．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者主要通过一些事实来证明纸制品并不是环保的，最环保的解决方案是完全避免使用一次性物品，写这篇文章主要是为了纠正人们对纸制品的错误观念并建议人们使用可重复使用的产品，如钢吸管。故选D。

(四) （2021·浙江台州市·中考真题 ）
The Youth Climate Summit (气候峰会) a week-long festival of climate action for primary and middle schools in the UK, starts on 9 November. It aims to create a fairer, more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet. Climate change is the long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns that are mostly caused by human activity. “Unlike world leaders,” say the summit’s organizers, “young people are refusing to let it drop off the plan.”
Each day has a topic, which includes food and fashion, looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet. Organizations are leading some on line activities. For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.
The summit will finish on 13 November, when youth ambassadors (大使) wants schools to stop paper waste. Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature. As part of the summit, hundreds of schools across the country are signing up to the Let’s Go Zero activity, aiming to become carbon-zero (零碳的) by 2030.
Carbon-zero schools are ones that promise to stop emitting carbon in seven areas, including where they get their food and how they use water and recycle their waste. The activity is run by Ashden, a charity working towards climate solutions. Ashden hopes that schools will be able to help each other by sharing ideas and methods. It is also calling on the Government to back the promise. Head over to transform-our-world.org where you can find out more.
14．The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by ______.
A．telling stories B．comparing facts C．giving examples D．listing numbers
15．Max advises schools to ______.
A．recycle and reuse old clothes
B．prevent students from wasting paper
C．have meetings on saving endangered sea fish
D．provide more chances for students to enjoy the nature
16．The underlined word "emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to “______”.
A．using up B．taking in C．sending out D．cutting down
17．The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______.
A．explain the problems with climate change
B．develop children’s ability to solve social problems
C．introduce the environmental organizations to schools
D．encourage young people to care more about climate change
【答案】
14．C 15．D 16．C 17．D
【分析】
文章主要讲了气候变化问题及各组织所举办的相关活动和发出的建议，以此来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化问题。
14．细节理解题。根据“For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.”列举了Marine Conservation Society和Greenpeace两个组织的具体行动，表明作者是通过列举具体示例来说明第一句的。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据“Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature.”可知Max建议学校多组织一些户外的短途旅行和活动等，以此来帮助学生体验大自然的美，故选D。
16．词义猜测题。根据“Carbon-zero schools”以及全文都提及气候变化，可推测出"零碳学校"倡导的是停止碳的“排放"。emitting与“sending out”意思相近。故选C。
17．主旨大意题。根据文中的第一段提及的气候变化和环境问题以及后文介绍了不同组织所举办的各项活动和所发出的各项倡议，可知作者的意图是通过文章来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化的问题。故选D。

(五) （2021·浙江台州市·中考真题 ）
If we want to grow as people, we can’t just depend on our own evaluation (评价) of how we’re doing. We also need to know what other people think about our performance. Receiving feedback (反馈) from others can help us see the larger picture and show us a way forward to success. However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you deal with this?
First things first—if you notice a situation in which some feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can. If you wait until the matter disappears from the person’s mind, they might not understand what you’re trying to tell them. Take the person to a safe, comfortable place and offer your advice in private.
When you’re giving feedback, it’s important to keep in mind that no one likes to be told they’re doing a bad job. Make sure you give an equal (相等的) amount of good feedback to balance out (平衡) anything bad. Like the saying goes, “A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.”
All good feedback shares something in common. First, it should help achieve a goal. It’s less useful to tell your friends that their dish tastes “interesting” than it is to suggest adding a little salt. Feedback should also look toward the future. You can’t change what’s already happened, but you can prevent it from happening again. Tell your friends they should take more notes in class instead of talking about how they should have studied harder for the big history exam they failed.
Finally, don’t think your suggestion is the only correct way to deal with a situation. You might even end up with some feedback on your feedback. Don’t take it personally — it can only help you give better advice next time
18．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?______
A．Seeing the picture. B．Giving feedback
C．Receiving feedback. D．Showing a way to success
19．Why is it important to give feedback in time according to Paragraph 2?______
A．You might forget to tell the person later on.
B．Perhaps the person wants the feedback right away.
C．Maybe the person needs time to understand your advice.
D．If you wait too long, the person might forget what’s happened.
20．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined saying in Paragraph 3?______
A．It’s helpful to keep on giving bad feedback.
B．It’s difficult to do a good job all the time.
C．It’s better to balance good and bad feedback.
D．It’s important to think twice before giving feedback.
21．The passage is mainly about ______.
A．what characters good feedback includes
B．how people should give feedback properly
C．the differences between good and bad feedback
D．the importance of giving and receiving feedback
【答案】
18．B 19．D 20．C 21．B
【分析】
文章主要讲人们应该如何恰当地给予反馈。
18．代词指代题。根据“However, someone has to give that feedback, and sometimes, that someone will be you. How should you deal with this?”可知此处问该如何处理反馈，this指代上文中出现过的“feedback”。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据“First things first—if you notice a situation in which some feedback would be helpful, give it as soon as you can. If you wait until the matter disappears from the person’s mind, they might not understand what you’re trying to tell them.”可知及时给予反馈很重要是因为如果你等得太久，对方可能会忘记发生了什么。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句提及没有人喜欢被告知自己做的不好。第二句中又提到“Make sure you give an equal amount of good feedback to balance out anything bad.”可知，在给出反馈的时候需要平衡好的反馈和坏的反馈。故选C。
21．主旨大意题。根据文章的结构，第一段总起人的成长不仅仅需要自我的评价，还要接受他人的反馈，更要懂得如何给予他人反馈。后文第二段讲反馈要及时；第三段讲述平衡好的和不好的反馈等都是在叙述如何合适的给予反馈。故选B。

2020年
(一) 【2020 •山东日照】


Mobile phones are one of the most useful inventions of the last 50 years, but not everything that is said about them is good. Mobiles are often believed to be the cause of a number of things from poor eyesight and headaches to house fires. There's even one theory that mobile phones should be responsible for the disappearance of bees!
The theory is that the radiation (辐射) given off by mobile phones does great harm to bees' navigation systems (导航系统). Bees have built-in system a bit like GPS and this helps them find their way back to their hives. But recently, thousands of bees have failed to find their way home. It is believed they are dying far from their hives.
The problem was first noticed by beekeepers in America and is a lot more serious than it at first seems. The important thing about bees is that most of the crops in many countries of the world are pollinated by them. Without bees, the crops can't continue to grow. Many beekeepers in Europe have reported losing between 50 and 70 percent of their bees. Jim Piper, London beekeeper, said to the reporter, "My business is becoming worse. Twenty-nine of my forty hives are now empty."
Nobody knows for sure whether the theory is true or not, but it's a fact that bees are disappearing in very large numbers. And we can't manage without them. Einstein said that if all our bees disappeared, man would only live for four more years! If the mobile phone theory is correct, we need to do something about it right now—before it's too late.
1. What might be caused by mobiles according to Paragraph 1?
A. Poor listening. B. The forest fires. C. The disappearance of bees. D. Terrible toothache.
2. What does the theory in the passage say?
A. Bees have GPS inside their bodies. B. Mobiles have an influence on bees' hives.
C. The radiation makes bees unable to fly. D. The radiation makes bees lose their way home.
3. The underlined word "pollinate" probably means "________" in Chinese.
A. 授粉 B. 污染 C. 啃食 D. 催熟
4. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. Crops will stop growing. B. Beekeepers' business is getting worse.
C. Bees' disappearing is a serious problem. D. Beekeepers in Europe found the problem first.
5. The author wrote this passage to ________.
A. call on people to help beekeepers B. show how a bee's built-in system works
C. ask people to stop using mobiles right away D. warn people of the possible harm mobiles do to bees
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D
本文介绍了由于手机的辐射对蜜蜂的导航系统有害，导致很多蜜蜂找不到回家的路。
1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“There's even one theory that mobile phones should be responsible for the disappearance of bees!”可知，蜜蜂的消失可能是由手机导致的，故选C。
2.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“The theory is that the radiation (辐射) given off by mobile phones does great harm to bees' navigation systems (导航系统). ”和“ But recently, thousands of bees have failed to find their way home.”可知，这个理论说手机的辐射让蜜蜂找不到回家的路，故选D。
3.A【解析】词义猜测题。pollinate授粉，pollute污染 ，gnaw啃食，ripen催熟。根据“Without bees, the crops can't continue to grow.”可知，没有蜜蜂，庄稼无法继续生长，因此蜜蜂帮助庄稼授粉，故选A。
4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据“The problem was first noticed by beekeepers in America and is a lot more serious than it at first seems. ”可知，第三段主要告诉我们，蜜蜂的消失是一个严重的问题，故选B。
5.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“There's even one theory that mobile phones should be responsible for the disappearance of bees!”可知，本文警告人们手机对蜜蜂可能造成的伤害，故选D。

(二)
【2020 •威海市】
Lively music, singing and the sound of beating drums fill the room. As an orchestra（管弦乐队 ）plays, performers dressed in colorful costumes move across the stage（舞台 ）. Welcome to Chinese opera.
Chinese opera is an important element（元素 ）of Chinese culture. Most operas are based on stories from long ago. The amazing stage performances are often set against grand backgrounds. Beautiful paintings, hand movements and martial arts（武术 ）help tell these famous stories.
There are more than 300 forms of Chinese opera, including Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Yu Opera, Ge Zai Xi and many other forms. Of all of them, Beijing Opera is the most famous. Beijing Opera combines（合并 ）singing, dancing and acrobatics. Instruments such as drums, bells and cymbals accompany（伴奏 ）the performances.

Facial design
Traditionally, performers used masks（面具 ）for their facial design. Today, however, performers use makeup. They paint colorful designs on their faces. These colors and designs help to create each character. For example, a brave character has a red face, while a black face means bold. A yellow and white face represents（代表 ）someone who is dishonest.
Costumes

Costumes give clues（线索 ）to the performers’ characters and roles. Audiences（观众 ）that are familiar with opera will get to know a story by the masks and costumes. Costumes usually have many designs and colors. The same costume can be used in different shows, however, it will represent a different character.
Promoting the arts
Many colleges and schools in China desire（渴望 ）to keep the art of Chinese opera alive. They provide an education system for talented students. Applicants（应试者 ）must pass a written test, an audition（试镜 ）and an interview and only the most promising students are accepted to study at these colleges and schools. Once accepted into the program, students begin a seven-to-twelve-year journey through the school. After graduation, many go on to work as professional actors on stage or in the movies.
6. Of all forms of Chinese opera, which is the most famous?
A. Beijing Opera B. Ge Zai Xi C. Yu Opera
7. The character with a yellow and white face is________.
A. brave B. dishonest C. bold
8. What does the word promising mean in the passage?
A. 诚信的 B. 热情的 C. 有前途的
9. Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Anyone who likes Chinese opera can be accepted into the program.
B. If a person knows opera well， masks and costumes will help know the story.
C. Once in the program, you have to study for 7 to 12 year at school.
10. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. Chinese culture B. Beijing Opera C. Costumes and facial design
【答案】
6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B
中国戏曲是中国文化的重要元素，而京剧是所有戏剧中最著名的，本文讲述了与京剧有关的服装、脸谱等内容。
6.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Of all of them, Beijing Opera is the most famous.”可知，在所有中国戏曲中，京剧是最著名的。故选A。
7.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“A yellow and white face represents someone who is dishonest.”可知，黄白相间的脸代表不诚实。故选B。
8.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“students are accepted to study at these colleges and schools”可知，应试者要通过笔试、试镜和面试选拔，并且最有前途的学生才会被录取到这些学校学习，所以此处划线部分单词promising的意思是“有前途的”。故选C。
9.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“…and only the most promising students are accepted to study at these colleges and schools.”可知，只有最有前途的学生才被接受到这些学校学习，而不是任何喜欢戏曲的人都可以被录取，所以A项错误；根据第五段中“Audiences（观众 ）that are familiar with opera will get to know a story by the masks and costumes.”可知，熟悉歌剧的观众将通过面具和服装了解一个故事，所以B项正确；根据最后一段中“Once accepted into the program, students begin a seven-to-twelve-year journey through the school.”可知，一旦被录取，学生们将开始7到12年的学校之旅，所以C项正确。故选A。
10.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，中国戏曲是中国文化的重要元素，而京剧是所有戏剧中最著名的，文章讲述了与京剧有关的脸谱、服装等内容，所以文章主要内容与京剧有关。故选B。
(三)
【2020 •绵阳市】
Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts warn of even greater results to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.
According to the data from the WMO, temperatures on the Antarctica (南极洲) just hit 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.59℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic or a hiking trip, this is the Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place. In fact, the average temperature of the continent’s central area is -57℃.
Besides, many places are experiencing the extreme weather this summer. Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving bushfires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China.
“Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”
11. What doesn’t bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage?
A. Hunting. B. Climate change. C. The sea ice loss. D. The Arctic ice melting.
12. What can you get out of this passage?
A. The Antarctica is pleasant for a hiking trip.
B. Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe.
C. Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases.
D. The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March, 2015.
13. What does the underlined word “inhospitable" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. comfortable to live B. friendly to live C. unhealthy to live D. unfit to live
14. Which place didn’t experience drought this year?
A. Europe. B. Australia. C. America. D. China.
15. What is the main idea for this passage?
A. The whole planet is drier and drier.
B. The Antarctica is warmer and warmer.
C. Climate change is getting worse and worse.
D. The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.
【答案】
11.A 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.C
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了气候变化对世界各地以及人类造成的危害。
11.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.”可知，气候变化造成海上浮冰和北极冰川融化，而北极熊是靠海冰捕食海豹的，所以造成北极熊数量减少的原因不包括捕食，故选A。
12.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”可知，气候变化将导致更多的空气污染，疾病和水的缺乏等等，故选C。
13.D【解析】词义猜测题。comfortable to live舒适的生活；friendly to live友好的生活；unhealthy to live不健康的生活；unfit to live不适合生活。根据“ because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place”（因为它应该是一个非常寒冷的地方 ）可推断，inhospitable在这里的意思是：不适宜居住的，结合选项，故选D。
14.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段全段可知，澳大利亚、欧洲以及美国的西德克萨斯州都遭受了严重的干旱，而中国的东部和南部遭受了洪水，故选D。
15.C【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是气候变化对世界各地以及人类造成的危害，结合选项，故选C。

(四) 【2020 •广东省深圳市】
When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is best﹣known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea.
Lu was born in Jingling in 733 A．D．As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi. Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his knowledge on tea and herbs (草药).
Lu Yu often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In 752 A．D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Cui, with his rich experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
16．What is Lu famous for?
A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers.
C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture.
17．What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control
18．Why did Lu and Cui become good friends?
A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place.
C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences.
19．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage?
①Lu Yu wrote The Classic of Tea.
②Lu Yu became a student of Zou Fuzi.
③Lu Yu made friends with Cui Guofu.
④Lu Yu found water quality was important.
A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．④①③② D．④②③①
【答案】
16．D 17．A 18．A 19．B
本文主要讲了茶圣陆羽的生平经历及其著作《茶经》。
16．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history﹣Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea " for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture.”可知陆羽之所以出名是因为他在中国茶文化方面的重大影响。故选D。
17．A【解析】词义猜测题。A帮助；B压力；C保护；D控制，根据第二段中“Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot.”多亏了他老师的_____，他学习了很多，结合选项推断出guidance意思为“帮助”。故选A。
18．A【解析】细节理解题。根据上文“Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature and poetry. They soon became good friends.”可知陆羽和崔国辅因为有共同的爱好而成为好朋友，故选A。
19．B【解析】推理判断题。根据上文“As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi.”可知陆羽在孩童时期成为邹夫子的学生，所以②排第一，排除CD；根据第三段中“From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.”可知陆羽意识到了沏茶时水质的重要性，所以④排第二，排除A，故选B。

(五)
【2020 •广东省深圳市】
When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history-Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea (茶圣)" for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is best﹣known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea.
Lu was born in Jingling in 733 A．D．As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi. Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students' health using his knowledge on tea and herbs (草药).
Lu Yu often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made tea with this spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.
In 752 A．D, Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then, the two spent much time travelling, drinking tea and writing poems together.
This period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Cui, with his rich experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary help with Lu's writing. It was during this time that Lu finally wrote the amazing work, The Classic of Tea.
20．What is Lu famous for?
A．Having wisdom. B．Respecting teachers.
C．Caring for friends. D．Influencing tea culture.
21．What does the underlined word "guidance" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Help B．Stress C．Protection D．Control
22．Why did Lu and Cui become good friends?
A．They had the same hobbies. B．They lived in the same place.
C．They spent much time together. D．They had the same experiences.
23．Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage?
①Lu Yu wrote The Classic of Tea.
②Lu Yu became a student of Zou Fuzi.
③Lu Yu made friends with Cui Guofu.
④Lu Yu found water quality was important.
A．②③①④ B．②④③① C．④①③② D．④②③①
【答案】
20．D 21．A 22．A 23．B
本文主要讲了茶圣陆羽的生平经历及其著作《茶经》。
20．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won't miss an important person in Chinese history﹣Lu Yu, respected as a "Sage of Tea " for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture.”可知陆羽之所以出名是因为他在中国茶文化方面的重大影响。故选D。
21．A【解析】词义猜测题。A帮助；B压力；C保护；D控制，根据第二段中“Thanks to his teacher's guidance, he learnt a lot.”多亏了他老师的_____，他学习了很多，结合选项推断出guidance意思为“帮助”。故选A。
22．A【解析】细节理解题。根据上文“Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature and poetry. They soon became good friends.”可知陆羽和崔国辅因为有共同的爱好而成为好朋友，故选A。
23．B【解析】推理判断题。根据上文“As a child, he became a student of Zou Fuzi.”可知陆羽在孩童时期成为邹夫子的学生，所以②排第一，排除CD；根据第三段中“From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea.”可知陆羽意识到了沏茶时水质的重要性，所以④排第二，排除A，故选B。

(模拟题)
（2022-江苏常州·一模 ）
Spider monkeys have long, thin arms with hooklike hands that allow them to swing through the trees. They do not have opposable thumbs（对生拇指 ）.
The brown-headed spider monkey has a prehensile（缠绕性的 ）tail, which means it can grasp and can be used like a fifth leg to grab trees. During the day, the spider monkey searches for fruits, which make up the main part of its diet. They will also eat flowers, seeds, leaves, and small insects during the dry season when fruits aren’t available. They spend most of the daylight hours climbing and swinging through the high branches of trees.
The brown-headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about 20 to 100 male and female monkeys. They split into smaller groups for feeding. Females usually give birth to only a single baby each year or two. Young monkeys are carried on their mothers’ stomachs until about 16 weeks old. Then they are strong enough to ride on their mothers’ backs. All brown-headed spider monkey babies are born with a pink face and ears.
Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories. They were named spider monkeys because they look like spiders as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging. Their genus（属 ）name is Ateles, which means “imperfect”. This refers to the fact that they don’t have thumbs.
Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.
1．Spider monkeys live mostly on ________.
A．insects B．fruits C．flowers D．leaves
2．What can we learn about spider monkeys?
A．They have five legs. B．They live in small groups.
C．Their tails can take their weight. D．Their genus is the same as spiders’.
3．Where do newly-born spider monkeys stay?
A．In a large community. B．In trees with high branches.
C．On their mothers’ backs. D．On their mothers’ stomachs.
4．What does the underlined word “barred” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Permitted. B．Prevented. C．Encouraged. D．Ignored.
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种濒危动物蜘蛛猴的相关情况。
1．细节理解题。根据“…the spider monkey searches for fruits, which make up the main part of its diet.”可知，蜘蛛猴主要以水果为生。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“... as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging.”可知，蜘蛛猴可以把尾巴缠在树上，身体倒挂。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Young monkeys are carried on their mothers’ stomachs until about 16 weeks old.”可知，新生蜘蛛猴待在妈妈的怀里。故选D。
4．词义猜测题。根据“Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuado…but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.”可知，此处指捕杀褐头蛛猴是“被禁止的”，Prevented“被阻止的”符合题意。故选B。

（2022-河南焦作·一模 ）
Succulents（多肉植物 ）can usually stay wet in hot and dry days. They are easy to plant as well.
Get the pots（盆 ）ready. Make sure that you are not using either too large or too small a pot. There should be three or more holes at the bottom of the pot. Clay pots are the best for planting succulents. Fill one third of the pot with small stones.
Fill the pots with potting mix. Hold the plant carefully at the center of the pot and place the potting mix around the plant until it covers them up.
Provide good sunlight. Succulents prefer bright light. So place the pots in an area where there is plenty of sunlight. The best sun time will be from morning to noon during the summer.
Water your plant. The first watering will be done on the third day of planting. Watering at a later time will depend on the growth of the plant. A good rule is that the potting mix should be allowed to dry up before the next watering. It is suggested to water twice a week during the summer, every two weeks during early and late winter and once a month during the coldest weather.
Fertilize（施肥 ）it. Do it during the summer growing season, as you would with other houseplants. Stop fertilizing completely during the winter. The nitrogen content（含氮量 ）of the fertilizer should always be very low.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
5．How should you prepare a pot for a succulent?
A．Try to avoid using a clay pot.
B．Fill half of the pot with small stones.
C．Use a pot that is much larger than the plant.
D．Use a pot with at least 3 holes at the bottom.
6．In summer, when is the best time to provide a succulent with sunshine?
A．From 9 a.m to 11 a.m. B．From 12 a.m to 2 p.m.
C．From 2 p.m to 4 p.m. D．From 4 p.m to 6 p.m.
7．How often should you water a succulent during early winter?
A．Twice a week. B．Every two weeks.
C．Once a month. D．Every two months.
8．What should you do when you fertilize a succulent?
A．Don’t fertilize it during winter.
B．Don’t fertilize it like other houseplants.
C．Use a fertilizer that is high in nitrogen.
D．Fertilize it on the third day after planting.
9．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A．Succulents are easy to plant.
B．You should choose a right pot.
C．Succulents do not like any light.
D．You first water the plant on the third day of planting.
【答案】
5．D 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C
【解析】本文主要讲述了种植多肉植物需要注意的事项。
5．细节理解题。根据“There should be three or more holes at the bottom of the pot”可知锅底应有三个或三个以上的孔。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据“The best sun time will be from morning to noon during the summer”可知夏季最好的日照时间是从早上到中午，故上午9点到11点是最好的日照时间。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据“It is suggested to water twice a week during the summer, every two weeks during early and late winter”可知初冬每两周浇一次水。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“Stop fertilizing completely during the winter”可知冬天的时候要完全停止施肥。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据“Succulents prefer bright light”可知多肉植物喜欢明亮的光线，选项C描述错误。故选C。
（2022-江苏扬州·一模 ）
Does the endless messages and the thought of replying to unopened texts make you stressed? Texting stress is a real thing, and more common than you’d think.
In the last 25 years, texting has already changed the way we communicate. From QQ to WeChat, likes, shares and group chats join traditional forms of communication like email and texting. Many find themselves tired out from the endless notices and group conversations.
The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. On average, each person will have 47 unread text messages and 1,602 unopened emails. Yet the average phone screen time is more than ever before, at 4.2 hours per day.
Leah Aguirre, a psychotherapist explains that text conversations are usually a cause of stress as they come with a lot of uncertainty. “We don’t know how someone will reply, if they will reply, or how quickly they will reply. We can’t control other people’s actions or behaviour or how they think, and for people that are more likely to be stressed this can be hard to deal with.”
Text stress can influence your relationships with friends and loved ones. A 2018 study found that friendships are far more successful when you and the other person have a similar texting style. If both of you reply to texts quickly, the relationship is less likely to hit the rocks. Similarly, if everyone is happy to go hours, days, even weeks with replying to texts, then the relationship is better.
Aguirre suggests limiting the time you are on your phone will help you feel relaxed. “You can tell yourself that you have no control over another person’s reaction or behaviour. Remind yourself that this is just a phone or a text message and that you are okay and will be okay,” she said.
Now, time to get to all those unanswered texts.
10．The writer listed the data (数据) in Paragraph 3 to tell us ________.
A．texting has taken up too much of our time
B．technology has developed fast over the years
C．cellphone has become a useful tool in daily lives
D．people would like to communicate through messages
11．What can we learn from the passage?
A．It may be impolite not to reply all the text messages.
B．People don’t get stressed if they have similar texting styles.
C．Group conversations are more likely to make people stressed.
D．Whether people get stressed depends on how someone replies.
12．According to Aguirre, we can reduce texting stress by ________.
①spending less time on the phone
②paying no attention to messages
③communicating in another way
④reminding ourselves to relax
A．①③ B．②④ C．②③ D．①④
13．Which part of the newspaper is the passage probably from?
A．Education. B．Science. C．Society. D．Culture.
【答案】
10．A 11．C 12．D 13．C
【解析】本文主要介绍了短信造成的压力及其应对方法。
10．推理判断题。根据“The average person in 2022 checks their phone 262 times a day, up from a daily average of 80 in 2016. On average, each person will have 47 unread text messages and 1,602 unopened emails. Yet the average phone screen time is more than ever before, at 4.2 hours per day.”可知，人们花费在看手机、收发短信上的时间在不断增长，第三段列这些数据是为了告诉我们“发短信占用了我们太多的时间”。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据“Many find themselves tired out from the endless notices and group conversations.”可知，许多人发现自己被没完没了的通知和群组对话弄得筋疲力尽。由此推出群组对话更容易让人感到压力。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据“Aguirre suggests limiting the time you are on your phone will help you feel relaxed.”可知，Aguirre建议花费更少时间在手机上，再由“Remind yourself that this is just a phone or a text message and that you are okay and will be okay”可知，要提醒自己放松。故选D。
13．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了短信造成的压力及其应对方法，这最可能出现在“社会”栏。故选C。

（2022-江苏扬州·一模 ）

The moment they are picked up from kindergarten each day, Tan Xinyan and her friends rushed into a playground with new swings, climbing frames and slides.
“I’m surprised that such a small change can bring the children so much joy,” says Tan’s mother Hu Yufeng while talking about the playground in her community.
The appearance in old neighborhoods of well-equipped children’s playgrounds shows that China is taking steps to create better conditions for raising a child.
The country with the largest population is preparing for the low fertility of rates(生育率), at a low level of 1.3 in 2020.
In 2015, China began to allow all couples to have a second child. In 2021, this was ▲ to three children for each family. It was followed by a series of supportive actions. The country’s new population and family planning law was also made to build a more birth-friendly society.
Even so, most of the couples don’t want to a second or a third child mainly because of the heavy stress of bearing, raising and educating children. As a result, support from local government includes longer paternity leave(产假), extra parental leave and better public services.
Having grown up as the only child in her family, the 35-year-old mother always envied those who had siblings to play with and offer support. However, she doubted whether to have a second child in the beginning, worrying that her parents and parents-in-law are already in their late 60s, and she and her husband both have busy careers.
“If we could not offer the children the attention and care they need for a happy and healthy childhood, we wouldn’t have a second child” Hu says.
As it turns out, she found more happiness with two children. “What doubled is not the workload, but the joy and good memories they created,” Hu says.
With supportive actions being taken, more mothers-to-be aiming for two or three children are expected to feel the same way.
In general, children are the creators of our future, and it’s the job of us grown-ups to create an environment to make this come true.
14．What’s the purpose of the first three paragraphs?
A．To express opinions. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To show feelings. D．To draw a conclusion.
15．Which of the following words can be put in the blank ▲ ?
A．Returned. B．Included. C．Reduced. D．Increased.
16．What’s the main reason why most couples don’t want a second or a third child?
A．Their parents and parents-in-law are already in their late 60s.
B．Most couples have busy careers and only care about themselves.
C．The stress of bearing, raising and educating children is heavy.
D．They can not offer the children the attention and care they need.
17．The underlined word “siblings” means ________.
A．relatives and friends B．father and mother
C．teachers and students D．brothers and sisters
【答案】
14．B 15．D 16．C 17．D
【解析】本文主要介绍了国家为了鼓励多孩政策所创造的一些便利条件，同时介绍了家长对二胎或三胎的不同看法和担忧。
14．段落大意题。根据前三段的内容可知，从社区一些娱乐项目的改变引出现在政府为了提高生育率所创造的一些便利条件这个主题，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据“In 2015, China began to allow all couples to have a second child. In 2021, this was … to three children for each family”可知，2015年开始开放二胎，2021年增加到三胎，故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据“Even so, most of the couples don’t want to a second or a third child mainly because of the heavy stress of bearing, raising and educating children.”可知，主要是因为生育、抚养和教育孩子的巨大压力，故选C。
17．词义猜测题。根据“Having grown up as the only child in her family, the 35-year-old mother always envied those who had siblings to play with and offer support.”可知，作为独生女总是会羡慕别人有兄弟姐妹可以一起玩耍和互相支持，所以siblings表示“brothers and sisters”，故选D。
（2022-北京西城·一模 ）

Some people are worried that wearing masks will have a bad effect on children’s ability to learn language and socialize. Even parents often worry about how a school year without smiles might negatively(消极地) influence their children.
These worries are understandable, but according to Dr. Danovitch, a research psychologist, who studies the cognitive(认知的) and social development of children, wearing a mask at school could improve certain social and cognitive skills, helping to strengthen abilities like self-control and attention. Take language learning as an example. It’s true that masks cover our mouths and that seeing mouth shape and movement helps babies learn language. But learning how to communicate involves a lot more than mouths. Looking at eyes is at least as important as looking at mouths to understand the people you are looking at and what they are trying to express. Children also make use of other signs to figure out what new words mean and what other people are thinking. A classroom full of people wearing masks is a great chance for children to practice paying attention to those signs, such as a classmate’s tone of voice or a teacher’s body language.
Wearing a mask can also help teach children to pay more attention to their own bodies and physical behaviors. Keeping a mask on over the course of a school day involves the kind of self-control that many children find challenging. Needless to say, children will not always be perfect at keeping their masks on, but they have to be mindful of when their masks are slipping down or when it is OK to take them off. The research on self-control suggests that children who master the skills needed to keep their masks on will grow up to be better at achieving their long-term goals.
Perhaps most importantly, wearing masks during a pandemic(流行病) is a chance for children to practice caring for their community. A recent study shows that children understand the spread of illness better than ever. Wearing a mask gives young children the ability to do something to help protect other people. For older children, mask-wearing is a way to teach them about duty and sacrifice(牺牲). They believe that it feels good to make sacrifices for people in need. Stressing that the discomfort and inconvenience of mask-wearing are forms of caring and public service might encourage children to address other social problems in their lives.
In fact, how children feel about wearing masks at school, and how much they benefit from wearing them, are going to depend on how the parents, teachers and caregivers around them present the topic. Masks are hopefully not here to stay, but while they are still necessary, we should make the most of them.
18．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．A teacher uses body language to teach what new words mean.
B．Wearing masks gives children a chance to practice paying attention.
C．Dr. Danovitch helps children with their cognitive and social development.
D．Looking at the mouth matters more than looking at the eyes when people talk.
19．What can we learn from the passage?
A．It is unknown if mask-wearing helps children improve social skills.
B．Children believe that the discomfort of mask-wearing is acceptable.
C．People’s thoughts and emotions are hidden when they are wearing masks.
D．Children who know when to keep their masks on will probably be successful.
20．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Help Children Develop Skills
B．How to Be Perfect at Keeping Masks On
C．Wearing Masks Can Help Children Learn
D．Wearing Masks Can Solve Social Problems
【答案】
18．B 19．D 20．C
【解析】本文主要介绍一些人担心学生们戴着口罩上学会影响孩子们学习语言和社交的能力，本文就此疑惑进行了解释，其实戴着口罩反而会驱使孩子们改善认知能力，还可以帮助孩子们更多地关注自己的身体行为等等。
18．推理判断题。根据“wearing a mask at school could improve certain social and cognitive skills, helping to strengthen abilities like self-control and attention”可知，通过第二段我们可以得知，戴口罩给孩子们一个练习集中注意力的机会，故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据“Needless to say, children will not always be perfect at keeping their masks on, but they have to be mindful of when their masks are slipping down or when it is OK to take them off. The research on self-control suggests that children who master the skills needed to keep their masks on will grow up to be better at achieving their long-term goals”可知，能注意到什么时候要戴上口罩，口罩什么时候会滑掉的孩子是有自我控制力的，这样的孩子通常长大后会更好地实现他们的长期目标，也就是可能更容易成功，故选D。
20．最佳标题题。本文主要通过一些人担心学生们戴着口罩上学会影响孩子们学习语言和社交的能力来告诉我们，其实戴口罩对培养孩子们的一些能力有帮助，所以C选项“戴口罩可以帮助孩子学习”符合本文标题，故选C。