北京中考英语阅读理解专项训练

阅读理解

Mrs. Thompson was a primary school teacher. As she stood in front of 5th grade class on the very first day of school, she told her students that she loved them all the same.

But that was impossible because Teddy Stoddard sat in the front row. Mrs. Thompson saw the little boy at school the year before. She noticed that he didn’t play well with other children. His clothes were always messy and he needed a bath. Teddy could be unpleasant.

So, she was surprised when she read Teddy’s first grade teacher’s record, “Teddy is a bright child with a cheerful laugh.” His second grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is an excellent student. He is troubled because his mother is sick. Life at home may be hard.” His third grade teacher wrote, “His mother’s death has been hard on him.” Teddy’s fourth grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is lonely and doesn’t show much interest in school.”

By now, Mrs. Thompson saw the problem and felt bad for judging Teddy. That day, she didn’t teach reading, writing or math. Instead she started teaching her students how to be kind to each other.

Over the school year, Mrs. Thompson paid lots of attention to Teddy. His mind seemed to come alive and his grades improved. By the end of the year, Teddy was doing better in school. He also had more friends than before.

Years later, Teddy wrote to Mrs. Thompson. “Thank you for believing in me. Thank you for making me feel important and showing me that I could make a difference.”

Mrs. Thompson, with tears in her eyes, replied, “Teddy, you have it all wrong. You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach until I met you.”

1．What surprised Mrs. Thompson when she read Teddy’s first record?

A．Teddy grew up without parents. B．Teddy was slowly making progress.

C．Teddy was once a bright and cheerful boy. D．Teddy had no friends when he was younger.

2．What was Teddy like at the end of 5th grade year?

A．He was dirty and naughty. B．He was an improved student.

C．He was lonely and unpleasant. D．He was the most popular student.

3．What happened to Mrs. Thompson after meeting Teddy?

A．She didn’t like her job as a teacher. B．She became strict with her students.

C．She worked harder than ever before. D．She learned how to be a better teacher.

Every week, Liu Fang, a 38-year-old media worker in Beijing, goes to a store which sells near-expired (将要过期的) food in Sanlitun and returns with a bag of snacks or drinks.

“The price tags on these goods have caught my eye. They are often sold at 10% to 30% of the market price,” Liu said. “More importantly, most of them are from big brands(品牌). Why wouldn’t I love them?”

Liu is among the increasing number of Chinese people who enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices. According to the latest report by iiMedia Research, the near-expired food industry had a market size of over 30 billion yuan in 2020. 47.8% of the consumers (消费者) are aged between 26 and 35.

Unlike the traditional thinking that buying such goods makes them feel shy, more and more young people consider it as a kind of sustainable consumption (可持续消费) that can help reduce food waste.

“I don’t care much about the date as long as I can eat it before its expiry. It meets my needs while saving resources and protecting the environment, which is a good thing,” Wu Lin, a 19-year-old college student and a fan of near-expired food, told Xinhua.

Actually, food waste is a great challenge for China and other countries. According to a 2020 report from the National People’s Congress, about 18 billion kilograms of food is wasted every year in China’s urban catering industry (城镇餐饮业).

“As more Chinese people choose to buy near-expired food, the food waste will be reduced,” said Liu.

According to CGTN, China had the tradition of saving food leading to the 1990s.

As people’s lives improved greatly, many began to make or order more food than could be consumed, CGTN reported. But the trend (趋势) of buying near-expired food may suggest that the Chinese virtue (美德) of frugality (节约) is coming back.

“I’ve been very frugal all my life. Living through a serious famine (饥荒), I’m used to saving every grain and every penny,” a woman born in the 1950s, told CGTN. “I’m happy to see more young people joining our group.”

4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Old consumers don’t like near-expired snacks or drinks.

B．Most of food from big brands is at cheaper prices in Sanlitun.

C．Liu Fang goes to Sanlitun to sell near-expired food every week.

D．More Chinese people enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices now.

5．What is the influence of buying near-expired food in China according to CGTN?

A．Young people won’t buy expensive things.

B．People don’t like caring about the production date.

C．More and more people won’t buy food at right prices.

D．The Chinese virtue of frugality may return to our daily life.

6．What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．The Chinese traditional virtue of frugality.

B．The success of the near-expired food business.

C．A new shopping trend among young consumers.

D．Different opinions about buying near-expired food.

Visit a middle or large size of company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff (全体职工) members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said. At times, the best way to focus in this type of office is to reach for one’s headphones and listen to music.

The open office idea is not new. It was created by a team of consultants (顾问) from Hamburg, Germany, in the 1950s. Called the office landscape (景观) plan, the idea was created to improve communication and the exchange of ideas. The design also encouraged managers and their teams to work near each other, making it easier for managers to guide projects. Now, the open office idea is often used as an excuse for companies to save money on building costs, paying no attention to the effect on working performance.

Many start-ups have a great interest in the open office idea. Take Chartbeat for example, the company’s 50-plus staff members get to choose their desk and chair styles, and everyone shares an open space with the CEO sitting in the middle. The office space has both single workstations and informal meeting areas where workers can relax themselves on sofas. While this design may be perfect for workers in start-ups, it may not be convenient for workers who have a great need of personal space.

In 2011 Matthew Davis, an organizational psychologist (心理学家), checked over a hundred studies about office environments. He found that, to staff in open offices, it was harder to stay focused and more likely to get higher stress than those working in traditional offices. What’s worse, a study in Denmark found that workers in open offices took more sick days than those working in traditional offices.

Even though open office plans present hidden problems on worker health and personal needs, businesses probably won’t return to traditional offices. Modern office workers tend (倾向) to need both time to focus and time to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.

7．What is mainly discussed about the open office in paragraph 1?

A．The benefit. B．The problem. C．The history. D．The management.

8．What was the purpose of the office landscape plan at the beginning?

A．To save space. B．To reduce cost.

C．To improve working conditions. D．To encourage communication.

9．What does the underlined phrase “account for” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Include. B．Record. C．Forget. D．Translate.

10．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Working in open offices can reduce higher stress.

B．The writer suggests working in traditional offices.

C．Staff members like wearing headphones to listen to music in the open offices.

D．The open offices are good for managers to guide projects and work with the staff.

It was a cold, rainy day. My mother and I drove to the mountains. It was dangerous to make the two-hour journey along the highway in such weather. I didn’t want to take the risk. But my mother suggested that we go to see something at the top of the mountain.

After ten minutes’ driving, we stopped the car and got out. Walking along a path, we turned at a corner. Gradually, the peace and silence of the place began to fill my mind. From the top of the mountain, I saw several fields full of flowers, shining like a carpet before us. It looked as if the sun spilled (播洒) gold down the mountain.

A lot of questions came to my mind. Who created such beauty? Why? How?

As we moved on, we saw a sign that read, “Answers to the Questions I Know You Are Asking.”

The first answer was, “One Woman-Two Hands, Two Feet, and Very Little Brain.” The second was, “One at a Time. ” The third, “Started in 1971.”

On our way home, I was so shocked by what we had seen. “She changed the world. One bulb (一株) at a time. She started almost 50 years ago. It was probably just the beginning of an idea, but she kept at it.” I said, “Imagine, if I had a dream and worked at it, just a little bit every day, what might I have achieved?”

My mother looked at me, smiling. “Start tomorrow.” She said, “Better yet, start today.”

11．The writer didn’t want to go to the mountains because ________.

A．she was tired of driving B．their car was running out of gas

C．it was getting dark D．it was not safe to drive in such weather

12．The underlined word “path” shares a similar meaning with ________.

A．beach B．road C．bank D．village

13．The passage mainly tells us that ________.

A．beauty always lies on the top of the mountain B．even common people have great wisdom

C．sticking to a dream will bring a big change D．we should enjoy every moment in life

Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.

The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes (塞万提斯), and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). And the story brings an interesting question: why do some people find new energy and creativity to the end of their days, but others go to seed long before?

We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have taken in the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.

Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.

The things we learn in maturity (成熟) seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.

With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我) , whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.

Many of us regard “commitment” with such “caring” jobs as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck or running a store make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.

14．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.

A．age isn’t a block to achieving one’s goal B．loss of freedom brings out one’s creativity

C．misfortune inspires a man to fight against his fate D．disability cannot stop a man fighting for success

15．What does the underlined part “run out of steam” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．end one’s struggle for freedom B．lose the interest in continuing learning

C．waste one’s energy taking risks D．miss the opportunity to succeed

16．What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 5?

A．A strong-willed man can bear suffering. B．A wise man can live without self-pity.

C．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. D．A man should try to satisfy people around him.

17．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A．To suggest a way of going after excellence in our lifelong career. B．To state the importance of having desire for learning.

C．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. D．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.

It is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we’re thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the year? Gratitude (感恩) is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.

Gratitude builds empathy. We often take for granted the simple things in life. Those who recognize the goodness in life, no matter how simple or automatic, are more likely to be sensitive to the needs of others and to help whenever they can. Being empathetic to others’ opinions, experiences and backgrounds will make you a better professional, no matter your career.

Through his research, Emmons, a leading researcher, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren’t. In the workplace, well-being is a very important topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and encouraging engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated are more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Offering fitness classes or carrying out flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.

Working in a developing, fast-paced industry, we are often surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving (奋斗) for more and better. Gratitude makes us more self-aware. It challenges us to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what’s going on in our life, and that true self-awareness is a key factor to being successful in our career.

Gratitude is a powerful tool for making relationships stronger, both at work and in our personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create relatively long-lasting connections.

During my month-long vacation, I made it a point to be reflective during the time I had without disturbances or deadlines. Part of that was making a mental list of the people, things and experiences I was grateful for in my life. I decided to reach out to my fifth-grade teacher and thank her for being a positive instructor and a strong influence on my life.

The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. Taking the time to thank people for their work, kindness or empathy-whether it was today, last month or many years ago-makes you happier, healthier and more self-aware. And that’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.

18．What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Wise employers should raise the employees’ sense of well-being. B．Grateful people will live a much longer life than ungrateful people.

C．People who have self-awareness can succeed without effort. D．Gratitude can ensure the relationship between people is unbreakable.

19．Why does the author mention his own experience in Paragraph 6?

A．To encourage people to contact with teachers. B．To show it’s never too late to express gratitude.

C．To order people to keep loug-lasting connection. D．To present that his teacher greatly influenced him.

20．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．The Way to Show Thanks B．The Season for Gratitude C．Being Grateful Year-Round              D．The Special Holiday of Gratitude

For as long as we can remember, one of the most popular ways parents use to punish their children has been the “time out”.

It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect on what he has done. Then, when the time is up, he will apologize and learn from the mistake.

However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do. In fact, very often, children don’t sit nicely and think about what they’ve done. Instead, they need to be told a few (or many) times to go back to their places and stay quiet. They’re not reflecting on why they are in the “time out” at all. More likely than not, they’re probably just really angry, and so are the parents. In the end, both the parents and the children make each other unhappy, or even angry.

What can parents do to change this situation? You may have already heard of things like peaceful parenting and gentle parenting. These focus on the relationship between parent and child through building trust and love. So, instead of starting a “time out”, try something called “time in”. A “time in” needs both parent and child to stay close until both get calm. After that, the parent and child can discuss what happened and solve the problem together. If the child can make changes, everyone can then move on.

As we all know, punishment and violence seldom work and will never teach the children what the right way to act is. A “time in” can be the great time for the children to learn through mistakes. Kids learn how to build their emotional and social skills through difficult situations. So, instead of punishing them for acting their age, we can use chances to teach and guide them to a place of learning.

A “time in” may take more time, but it does work.

21．During a “time out”, a child is told to ________.

A．stay outside B．sit alone and reflect

C．make a promise D．return to school

22．In the writer’s opinion, a “time out” ________.

A．doesn’t always work B．is becoming more popular

C．should be parents’ first choice D．takes too much time

23．When a child has done something wrong, the writer suggests that ________.

A．both teachers and parents discuss how to solve the problem B．the child stays at home and reflects until he never makes mistakes

C．the child says sorry to his or her parents and learns from mistakes D．parents try something called “time in”instead of “time out”

24．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A．“Time out” or “time in”? B．Learn from mistakes!

C．Why not “time in”? D．No violence at home!

Background knowledge is the knowledge a person has about the world when he or she starts to read a text. It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading. Put simply, the more you know about a topic, the easier it is for you to read a text, understand it, and remember the information.

To understand this, here are two points. First, background knowledge enables readers to choose between different meanings of words. For example, if you read the word “operation” in a sports article, you might think about a sportsperson with a serious injury（伤）. But if you read the word in a math text, you’d think about a mathematical process. Second, understanding a text requires readers to fill missing information and make inferences. To do this, readers need to have some basic knowledge about the topic.

Students get background knowledge both through personal experiences and by learning in the classroom. Then how can teachers help students build background knowledge? Here are some suggestions.

Begin by teaching words in categories（类别）. For example, teachers can try something as simple as this: “Apples, bananas, strawberries, mangoes. They are a type of...（fruit）. Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.

________. Reading builds knowledge, but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics. Teachers can try a different way: encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.

Use multimedia（多媒体）. Direct experiences are the most effective ways to build knowledge. There is nothing more exciting for students than learning through direct experiences, such as field trips and other activities. Although multimedia cannot replace real-life experiences, it can often provide a lot of information that we could only wish to experience firsthand. It can also introduce children to important words and concepts.

Background knowledge is important in a student’s ability to fully understand a text. Teachers’ efforts can help students become stronger thinkers and life-long readers and learners.

25．The writer talks about the word “operation” in Paragraph 2 to explain________.

A．what background knowledge is

B．why background knowledge is important

C．when people need background knowledge

D．how people develop background knowledge

26．Which of the following would be the best topic sentence for Paragraph 5?

A．Make wide reading interesting.

B．Introduce different topics to students.

C．Encourage topic-centered wide reading.

D．Help students find their favourite books.

27．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Vocabulary is the greatest difficulty in understanding a text.

B．Making inferences has little connection with background knowledge.

C．Multimedia is more useful than direct experiences in building knowledge.

D．Developing vocabulary and concepts can help build background knowledge.

参考答案

1．C

2．B

3．D

【解析】

【导语】

本文讲述小学老师Mrs. Thompson通过帮助学生Teddy，学会了如何影响学生，如何用心去帮助那些需要帮助的人的事。

1．

细节理解题。根据“she was surprised when she read Teddy’s first grade teacher’s record, “Teddy is a bright child with a cheerful laugh.””可知，当她读到Teddy一年级老师给他的寄语时，她因Teddy曾经是一个聪明开朗的男孩而惊讶。故选C。

2．

细节理解题。根据“By the end of the year, Teddy was doing better in school. He also had more friends than before.”可知，到了学期末他成为了一个进步的学生。故选B。

3．

细节理解题。根据“You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach until I met you.”可知，遇见Teddy后，她学会了如何成为一名更好的老师。故选D。

4．D

5．D

6．C

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要讲述了越来越多的年轻人认为购买过期食品是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。

4．

细节理解题。根据“Liu is among the increasing number of Chinese people who enjoy buying near-expired food at much cheaper prices.”可知，现在越来越多的中国人喜欢以更便宜的价格购买临近过期的食品。故选D。

5．

细节理解题。根据“But the trend (趋势) of buying near-expired food may suggest that the Chinese virtue (美德) of frugality (节约) is coming back.”可知，据中国国际电视台报道，在中国购买临近过期的食品可能会使中国人节俭的美德回归到日常生活中。故选D。

6．

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了越来越多的年轻人认为购买过期食品是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。故选项C“年轻消费者的新购物潮流。”符合题意。故选C。

7．B

8．D

9．A

10．D

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要讨论了在开放的办公环境下工作的利与弊。

7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Visit a middle or large size of company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff (全体职工) members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said.（如今，访问一家大中型公司，你很有可能会发现员工共享一个大的、开放空间。大多数员工坐在半开着的小隔间里，而不是有门和墙的私人办公室。每当员工打电话时，附近的其他员工不能简单地关门。事实上，有时他们会情不自禁地听到他们所说的一切）”可知，第一段主要讲述了开放工作环境的问题。故选B。

8．细节理解题。根据“Called the office landscape plan, the idea was created to improve communication and the exchange of ideas.”可知办公室景观计划的初衷是促进人们的交流和交换想法。故选D。

9．词义猜测题。根据“ Modern office workers tend to need both time to focus and time to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.”可知现代办公室工人更倾向于需要既能集中注意力，又能有时间和别人一起工作，所以推测设计办公室最好的方法是包含两种需要。故“account for”在此表示“包含，包括”，故选A。

10．细节理解题。根据“ The design also encouraged managers and their teams to work near each other, making it easier for managers to guide projects.”可知开放式办公室鼓励经理和他们的团队工作在一起，便于经营者指导项目。故选D。

11．D

12．B

13．C

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要讲述了作者和母亲在一个下雨天去山顶上看风景，在到达山顶后，被眼前的美景所折服，由一个标牌而引发了作者的感慨，那就是坚持一个梦想会带来巨大的改变。

11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was dangerous to make the two-hour journey along the highway in such weather”可知，因为作者认为在这样糟糕的天气里驾驶是很危险的，故选D。

12．词义猜测题。根据“Walking along a path, we turned at a corner”可知，作者和母亲一直沿着小路走，然后在一个地方拐弯，所以path与road同义，故选B。

13．主旨大意题。根据“Imagine, if I had a dream and worked at it, just a little bit every day, what might I have achieved”及全文的描述可知，作者想通过自己所看到的告诉读者坚持一个梦想会带来巨大的改变，故选C。

14．A

15．B

16．C

17．D

【解析】

【导语】

本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，我们就可能取得成功。

14．

推理判断题。根据“and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). And the story brings an interesting question: why do some people find new energy and creativity to the end of their days, but others go to seed long before?”可知，这个故事表明塞万提斯年龄这么大了，还是有这样的成就，说明年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选A。

15．

词句猜测题。根据“I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.”以及“I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing”可知，划线词所说的人是“采取了多年来经常出现的固定态度和观点而停止学习成长的人”，所以指的是“停止学习的人”，和B选项“失去继续学习的兴趣”表述一致。故选B。

16．

推理判断题。根据“The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.”（我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜。无论我们多么努力地取悦别人，有些人永远不会爱我们，而这个想法一开始会让人烦恼，但最终我们会释怀。）可知，作者想告诉我们应该学会适应。故选C。

17．

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，我们就可能取得成功。可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们要过一种有意义的生活。故选D。

18．A

19．B

20．C

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要讲述感恩的重要性，花点时间感谢人们的工作、善良或同情，无论是今天、上个月还是多年前，这都会让你更快乐、更健康、更有自我意识。表达感激永远不嫌晚。

18．

推理判断题，根据“In the workplace, well-being is a very important topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and encouraging engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated are more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do.”幸福可以防止员工倦怠，鼓励员工参与，而且被赏识的员工工作效率会提高50%，关心员工的健康是一件正确的事情。可推知明智的雇主应该提高员工的幸福感。故选A。

19．

细节理解题，根据“During my month-long vacation, … I decided to reach out to my fifth-grade teacher and thank her for being a positive instructor and a strong influence on my life.”和“The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude.”，作者在工作后，去感谢五年级的老师，可知是为了证明表达感激永远不嫌晚，故选B。

20．

最佳标题题，根据“Taking the time to thank people for their work, kindness or empathy-whether it was today, last month or many years ago-makes you happier, healthier and more self-aware. And that’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.” 花点时间感谢人们的工作、善良或同情——无论是今天、上个月还是多年前——会让你更快乐、更健康、更有自我意识。这是一份值得一年365天庆祝的礼物。 可知本文主要围绕每一天都要感恩来进行阐述，选项C“全年都要感恩”符合语境，故选C。

21．B

22．A

23．D

24．C

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章中主要阐述了父母在孩子做错事时采取“暂停独自反思”的方法不总是有作用，作者建议在孩子犯错误时更应该和孩子在一起直到父母和孩子都恢复平静。

21．细节理解题。根据“It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect on what he has done.”可知在“暂停时间”，孩子们独自坐着去反省他做的事。故选B。

22．细节理解题。根据“However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do. In fact, very often, children don’t sit nicely and think about what they’ve done.”可知作者认为这个被做了多年的方法未必就是对的，事实上，孩子们并不能好好地坐着并考虑他们的所为。所以“暂停时间”并不会总是起到作用。故选A。

23．细节理解题。根据“So, instead of starting a ‘time out’, try something called ‘time in’”可知作者建议用“继续时间”代替“暂停时间”。故选D。

24．标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了孩子们饭错误时父母采取的两种方式——“暂停时间”和“继续时间”，作者觉得“暂停时间”不总是有效的，建议采用“继续时间”的方法。故选C。

25．B

26．C

27．D

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要讲述了背景知识在阅读中起着重要的作用，并针对“教师如何帮助学生建立背景知识”这一问题提出了几点建议。

25．推理判断题。根据“It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading.”及第二段“To understand this, here are two points. ”可知，第二段主要是在解释为什么背景知识很重要，所以作者举这个例子是为了说明这一点。故选B。

26．推理判断题。根据“but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics..... encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.”可知，本段主要是介绍鼓励孩子尽可能多地阅读自己感兴趣的同一主题的书籍，C项“鼓励以主题为中心的广泛阅读”最适合作为主题句。故选C。

27．细节理解题。根据“Begin by teaching words in categories”和“Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.”可知，增加词汇量，发展概念可以帮助建立背景知识。故选D。