高考英语阅读理解分类训练：环境保护类

这是一份高考英语阅读理解分类训练：环境保护类，共25页。试卷主要包含了55, Organibx，60, Feelunique， 细节理解题， 推理判断题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解
The Best Eco-friendly Products for July 2022
You can look out for Mother Earth with these simple lifestyle swaps.
Organibox mixed fruit and veg box:26.55, Organibox. org
This brand is fully organic. Inside the mixed box, you’ll get everything from pears to sweet potatoes. While the produce doesn’t look perfect, it’s really fresh. Although the fruit and veg comes from around the world, it’s never flown, which cuts its carbon footprint. All the packaging comes in cardboard and paper, which can be easily recycled.
Veja venturi gravel natural grey women’s trainers: 120, Veja-store. com
Tread (踩) lightly on the planet in style with these Veja trainers. The Parisian brand is leading the way in terms of sustainable footwear and this pair boasts the label’s distinctive “V” branding and as lightly retro and timeless style. The mesh (网) is made from plastic bottles, and the lining entirely from recycled polyester.
Kind Bag palms : 10, Kindbag. com
This reusable shopper is made from recycled plastic bottles. It is large enough to hold the shopping. And when it’s not in use, it neatly folds down to a small compact size. Best of all, Kind Bag gives one percent of sales to ocean clean-up and preservation initiatives.
Face Halo body: 12.60, Feelunique. com
These reusable gloves will leave your skin smooth and shiny. One side is made of tiny microfibres that work to remove dead skin, while the other softer side is perfect for general cleaning. The Face Halobody arrives in recyclable plastic packaging, but the brand is working towards removing this in order to become plastic-free.
1．What do we know about Organibox ?
A．Its packaging is plastic-free.
B．Its produce is not very fresh.
C．It delivers its boxes by plane.
D．lt features a zero-carbon footprint.
2．Which brand makes charitable donations?
A．Organibox. B．Veja. C．Kind Bag. D．Face Halo.
3．Who will probably be most interested in the text?
A．Product developers. B．Advertisers.
C．Bargain hunters. D．Environmentalists.
Having been born along the shores of Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa, Rahmina Paulette said she has witnessed firsthand the effects of climate change leading to great difficulties like drought and floods.
The 15-year-old Kenyan teenager said East Africa is highly dependent on Lake Victoria, but high pollution has led to poisoning of the water, soil erosion and health problems in people living around the lake.
As Paulette grew older, she realized she was slowly turning from being a witness to a victim of lake degradation. So, she decided to take action and save the lake in her own little way.
“Being an Indigenous person from Lake Victoria, I would like to help restore the ecosystem for my community that has an ancestral connection to the lake and also for the future generations to enjoy the cool breeze, good smells and see the biodiversity within Lake Victoria,” Paulette said.
In her efforts to end pollution in the lake, Paulette started an environmental organization called Kisumu Environmental Champions.
The young environmental champions carry out their activities during the weekends, and the group focuses on environmental conservation, climate change awareness and wildlife conservation.
The group, with about 200 members so far, has taken up the removal of the invasive plant hyacinth from the lake to make eco-friendly products. This project has earned Paulette international recognition. The group has made furniture, paper, cards, folders, document holders, bags and carton boxes from the water hyacinth.
With help from her mother, Paulette is trying to increase activities as she urges all Kenyans to incorporate eco-friendly ways in their day-to-day lives.
Apart from activists like Paulette, other organizations are casting the net wider in their attempt to save the lake. One such group is nonprofit Osienala in western Kenya. The organization has been cooperating with international partners such as those from China to save Lake Victoria.
4．What causes the problems of Lake Victoria?
A．Soil erosion. B．Drought and flood.
C．Poisoning water. D．Climate change and pollution.
5．What does the underlined word “degradation” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Disappearance. B．Expansion. C．Damage. D．Restoration.
6．How does Paulette help save Lake Victoria?
A．By planting more hyacinths. B．By removing the hyacinths with her mother.
C．By building a factory to make products. D．By setting up an organization.
7．What can we know about the Osienala?
A．It casts some nets over the lake. B．It makes money while protecting the lake.
C．It seeks foreign cooperation to save the lake. D．It’s another organization founded by Paulette.
A selection of wildlife sculptures made out of recycled rubbish is being displayed at an exhibition at the Harley Gallery in Glasgow, England. The sculptures have, been created by Glasgow — based artist Michelle Reader, who has been working with recycled materials for over 20 years. The inspiration behind this collection of artwork was the increase in fly-tipping during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Fly-tipping is when people illegally dump rubbish or litter in a public place.
Reader told the BBC, “Glasgow Wildlife Trust showed me some of the materials that were found on their reserves — a washing machine, rusty bike frame, car tyres.” She decided to create wildlife sculptures out of these materials to encourage people to think about the damage fly-tipping can do to the environment and wildlife. Her three-dimensional artworks included recycled items such as skis, a gas mask, and washing machine, parts.
Reader often drew inspiration from the “beauty of the natural world,” and said that the large model of the white-tailed bee was inspired by the many hours she spent on her distribution during the pandemic. Another sculpture, of a bearded eagle, was inspired by the sighting of one such bird in the Peak District in July 2020. This was only the second time it had been spotted in the UK.
Other projects Reader has been involved with have highlighted issues such as the importance of recycling and reducing food waste. In April, the National Space Centre in Leicester, England, launched their Home Planet gallery, which featured an art installation from Reader. Using rubbish found in rivers, such as plastic bottles, tennis balls, footwear, and toys, Reader created a large wave sculpture to highlight the problem of littering.
Reader says that through her sculptures she draws attention to environmental issues in an attractive and humorous way. The exhibition is on at Harley Callery in Glasgow, England, until 24 July.
8．What inspired the exhibition at the Harley Gallery?
A．Recycled materials. B．The covid -19 pandemic.
C．Wildlife sculptures. D．The increasing fly-tipping.
9．Why does Reader create the wildlife sculptures?
A．To be environmentally-friendly. B．To protect wildlife animals.
C．To love the sculpture art. D．To improve creative ability.
10．Where does this passage probably come from?
A．A family survey. B．A health magazine.
C．An environmental magazine. D．A science guide.
11．What may be the best title for the passage?
A．Look at the art from another angle. B．Explore the artistic talents in your life.
C．Wildlife sculptures made from rubbish. D．A new way to live a sustainable life.
Two of the world’s most common species of reef-building corals seem surprisingly able to survive and even cope well with climate change, according to a new study—at least so long as global warming is kept below 2 degrees Celsius, the target set by the Paris Agreement.
The world has so far warmed by 1.1°C．The Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest reef system, is currently in “crisis,” a recently published UN report said. That report warned that some coral reef ecosystems could face irreversible damage if the world warms more than 1.5°C．A 2018 report by the IPCC concluded that at 2ºC or more, 99 percent of all reef-building corals could be lost.
But that’s not what McLachlan and her colleagues observed when they subjected Hawaiian corals to a simulated (模拟) 2ºC world for nearly two years. They found that two common coral species were especially resilient (能复原的) : Two-thirds of those corals survived the simulated future.
To learn more about how both warming and acidification might threat reefs in the future, they collected samples of three common coral species and placed them in tanks where they would be exposed to the same weather as a reef just offshore. They filled a total of 40 tanks with sand, rubble, reef fish, plankton, and other reef features. The idea was to simulate ocean conditions as realistically as possible.
For 22 months, the researchers subjected some corals to 2ºC of warming, some to acidified water, and some to both changes. Overall, of the corals exposed to both conditions, 46 percent of rice coral, 56 percent of lobe coral, and 71 percent of finger coral survived. Many of the corals were even thriving.
“The paper supports what has been observed in Hawaii.” says Ku’ulei Rodgers, a coral expert at the University of Hawaii at Manōa. “However, although it is hopeful that some species will survive this century, unless significant reductions in emissions occur, corals will eventually lose their fight for survival.”
12．What can we know from the passage?
A．It seems some corals can adapt to a warmer world without limits.
B．The Great Barrier Reef will be lost as the world has warmed by 1.1°.
C．Two kinds of reef-building corals seem able to survive be free of global warming.
D．Living coral reefs would disappear from the planet if the world warms 2ºC or more.
13．Why McLachlan and her colleagues did the study?
A．To collect samples of three common coral species.
B．To simulate ocean conditions as realistically as possible.
C．To figure out how both warming and acidification might damage reefs.
D．To warn that reef ecosystems could face significant damage for global warming.
14．What does the last paragraph imply?
A．Ku’ulei Rodgers speaks highly of the paper.
B．It’s hopeful that corals will survive in the future.
C．Corals will eventually lose their fight for survival.
D．Humans should spare no effort to reduce emissions.
15．How did the researchers do the research?
A．By sampling and discussing.
B．By contrasting and observing.
C．By assuming and contrasting.
D．By observing and discussing.
A new study suggests that crop insurance serves as a disincentive （抑制因素） for farmers to adopt climate change relief measures on their croplands.
The study by researchers at North Carolina State University examined the interactions of warmer temperatures, crop yield （产量） risk and crop insurance participation by farmers. For the study, researchers developed models using historical county-level corn and soybean yield data in the United States, with an eye toward understanding the production impacts of rising temperatures.
The researchers found that variation in crop yield due to higher temperatures rose when more farmers had crop insurance. Interestingly, the results showed greater variability effects for corn yields than for soybean yields.
“This could be an unintended consequence of the government’s providing subsidies for crop insurance, which costs a large sum of money,” said Rod M. Rejesus, professor of agricultural and resource economics at NC State and the author of the research study. “The concept of moral crisis could be present here. If insurance will cover crop losses due to various effects like drought or severe weather, a farmer may not want to pay the extra expense for climate change adaptation efforts such as using cover crops to improve soil health, for example.”
The study models indicate that an increase of daily minimum and maximum temperatures of 1 degree Celsius would increase county-level corn yield variability by 8. 6 bushels （1 bushel equals to 35. 24 L） per acre if 80% of farmers in a county have crop insurance. The same temperature rise in a county with 10％ crop insurance participation would increase corn yield variability by just 6.2 bushels per acre.
The researchers bring up possible solutions to this situation for policymakers. They include providing more subsidies to encourage farmers’ use of climate change relief efforts—like soil health practices—and starting high-level policy conversations about how to possibly adjust rules and guidelines that govern crop insurance contracts in order to reduce the disincentive effects.
16．What does the study find about crop insurance?
A．It ensures crop production. B．It leads to unexpected side effects.
C．It results in worse climate change. D．It doesn’t bring any benefits to farmers.
17．What does the underlined word “subsidies” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Market support. B．Verbal support.
C．Technical assistance. D．Financial aid.
18．What might explain the unintended consequence of crop insurance?
A．Moral crisis. B．Law issue.
C．Study models. D．Custom change.
19．How did the author show the effects of crop insurance on corn yield variability?
A．By doing experiments. B．By making a comparison.
C．By listing figures. D．By consulting experts.
It’s a warm June afternoon, and in a group of bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs over a leaf. The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. The forest is one of seven such extremely small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 across the Netherlands. By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, the organization proposing the country’s initiative, there will be 200.
Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the concept has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. It’s a very practical way to do something positive in the light of climate change and loss of biodiversity.
Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said.
Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. Maintenance of the forests occasionally involves removing aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wildflowers that appear, are allowed to grow.
20．What is special about the Muziekplein forest?
A．It is newly planted. B．It sits in an urban area.
C．It grows along a railway. D．It is shaped like a basketball court.
21．What’s the purpose of the Tiny Forest initiative?
A．To make people realize environmental challenges.
B．To make nature more accessible to children.
C．To increase the Netherlands’ biodiversity.
D．To call for action on climate change.
22．What does paragraph 3 focus on?
A．Benefits of mini-forests in cities. B．Ways to keep neighborhoods green.
C．Inspiration for planting forests in cities. D．Importance of being exposed to nature.
23．How does the author state the forests’ effect on biodiversity?
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By doing experiments. D．By making comparisons.
It is a well-known fact that plastic bottles, which take hundreds of years to rot, are harmful to our environment. However, efforts by environmentalists to encourage consumers to switch to alternatives, like water fountains or reusable bottles, have not been very effective. The U.S. alone uses over 50 million plastic bottles annually, 80% of which end up in landfills.
To try to stop that, Rodrigo García González, Pierre Paslier and Guillaume Couche from the Imperial College London have been working on a revolutionary solution — water wrapped inside an eatable container made mostly from seaweed. All the customer has to do to relieve his/her thirst is pop the entire drop into the mouth.
The inventors, who have been working on the Ooho bubble since 2014, use a simple two-step cooking process called spherification (球化) to create the delicate container. They begin by dipping a frozen ball of water or juice into a chemical solution (溶液). This helps form a layer around the liquid. The ball is then absorbed in a solution made from seaweed extract. This creates a second layer, helping strengthen the structure so that the water or juice does not leak. In addition to saving our environment, the biodegradable (可降解的) packaging costs just two cents each, making it cheaper to produce than plastic.
After three years of perfecting the design, the inventors, who recently raised over 1 million USD from a financial activity, are ready to bring the Ooho bubble to local market. However, there are a few challenges that still need to be overcome before the product’s launch. In addition to getting accustomed to the taste of the covering, each eatable container contains just a mouthful of water, requiring consumers to drink multiple bubbles to relieve their thirst. There is also the issue of finding an eco-friendly packaging to transport the bubbles so that they remain clean and do not burst. Hopefully, the inventors will find ways to handle the issues so that we can reduce, or perhaps even remove, plastic bottles.
24．Why was the Ooho bubble created?
A．To test a newly-designed material. B．To change consumers’ drinking habit.
C．To reduce pollution caused by plastic. D．To take a share of drinking water industry.
25．What will the inventors probably do next?
A．Solve some specific problems of the product. B．Collect more money to expand production.
C．Distribute the Ooho bubble to global market. D．Advertise the advantages of the Ooho bubble.
26．What is the author’s attitude towards the Ooho bubble’s launch?
A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Confident. D．Opposed.
27．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A．Scientists Work out a New Kind of Water
B．Plastic Bottles Will Be Replaced by the Ooho Bubble
C．Environmental Pollution is Expected to Be Solved
D．The Ooho Bubble Aims to Remove Plastic Bottles
Wind energy provided 7% of the total electricity in the United States in 2019. Since 2008, the use of coal-fired power plants has declined, as the use of renewable energy and natural gas has increased. Wind energy is an excellent way to reduce carbon emissions (排放物), but what happens when the wind turbine blades (涡轮叶片) wear out? Is there a waste management issue?
The design life of wind turbines is about 20 to 25 years. The longest wind turbine blade to date is 350 feet. Although certain parts of wind turbines can be relatively easily recycled, others are not designed for recyclability. Many spent turbine blades are piling up in landfills. However, researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are making progress in this area.
They developed a blade out of thermoplastic resin (热塑性树脂) that is low-cost, lightweight, and seems to be recyclable. If the new blade also proves to be strong, this will be a game changer for the offshore and onshore wind industry. Lower costs also could help improve wind energy efficiency, reducing the use of fossil fuels. A lightweight blade is easier to transport and uses less fuel. It also seems easier to recycle and uses less energy in the production process. “With the traditional material, it’s almost like when you fry an egg. It’s finished and you can’t undo that,” said Derek Berry, a senior engineer a NREL. “But with a thermoplastic resin system, you can make a blade out of it. You heat it to a certain temperature, and it melts back down. You can get the liquid resin back and reuse that.”
Although the research looks promising, progress will be slow. Most wind farms being constructed today will stop working in a few decades. The benefits of recyclable blades are still decades away at least. The associated environmental impact has largely been a bind spot for the industry. Hopefully, recent progress will help make wind power even greener.
28．What is the disadvantage of the current wind turbine blade?
A．Its vast size.
B．Its short life.
C．Its negative impact on the environment.
D．Its inefficiency in producing electricity.
29．What do Derek’s words mainly show?
A．Why thermoplastic resin is strong.
B．How thermoplastic resin is recycled.
C．The popularity of thermoplastic resin.
D．The production process of thermoplastic resin.
30．What is the author’s attitude to the future of wind energy?
A．Pessimistic. B．Careless. C．Doubtful. D．Optimistic.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．A new way to develop turbine blades.
B．A fresh approach to using wind power.
C．An unknown renewable energy source.
D．The urge to tear down old turbine blades.
Within a few decades, global temperatures are expected to climb to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. And that’s going to be really bad for corals, according to the latest report out from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
So the recent IPCC report says that up to 1.5 we can expect 10 to 30 percent coral survivorship. And above that, it decreases sharply.
Andrea Grottoli is a distinguished professor at the Ohio State University. Amid the doom and gloom of the IPCC report, Grottoli has some rare good news. Corals may be more adaptable to future conditions than we thought.
Her team studied three species of coral from the island of Oahu, in Hawaii. They put them in tanks with either heat stress, more acidic water or both. And what really matters in this study is the one where both increases in temperature and ocean acidification, because that’s exactly what’s happening on reefs now.
Twenty-two months later, they assessed the winners and losers. They found that on average more than half the corals survived. Even after being punished with warmer, more acidic waters — the kind they’d face under two degrees of global warming, the corals survived. Two of the three species were actually physiologically performing normally. They were doing more than surviving. They were coping. They’d adapted. They were doing well.
The results appear in the journal Scientific Reports. Grottoli says the study provides hope. The world’s corals may be more resilient than we thought — especially since one of the Hawaiian species they studied is widespread around the planet.
But will this good news motivate world leaders to control warming? Well, corals may be able to wait just a little longer to find out.
32．What effects does warming have on corals?
A．It helps corals increase. B．It’s beneficial to corals.
C．I helps corals survive. D．It does harm to corals.
33．What does the underlined phrase “doom and gloom” probably mean in paragraph three?
A．Expecting things to go well. B．Feelings of being hopeless and pessimistic.
C．Almost total darkness. D．An idea of what will happen in the future.
34．What can we infer from the study?
A．All the three species were performing normally.
B．The corals could hardly stand the test conditions.
C．The results of the experiment were not significant.
D．Temperature rise and ocean acidification go hand in hand.
35．What is the author’s attitude to the result?
A．Cautious. B．Ambiguous. C．Optimistic. D．Concerned.
In 2002, Huang Hui, a researcher of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, went diving near Xisha. In addition to getting an irremovable suntan (晒黑), she was left with memories of a beautiful experience with clear water and abundant colorful corals (珊瑚). However, much of the breathtaking scenery of this reef has disappeared due to climate change and human activities. All of these factors led to the decline of the coral reef in the near shore waters. “We started to cultivate corals near the Xisha Islands in 2010, and restored more than 200,000 square meters of coral reefs,” Huang said.
In 2004, when Huang was attending the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, she found herself the only representative from the Chinese mainland. She said she felt sad but she made up her mind to strengthen communication with other countries to improve China’s level and status in coral research. She visited top coral research institutes in the US and Australia, establishing long-term cooperation with some of the world’s top coral researchers. By far, Huang has worked on coral research and protection for 22 years. Now, China is in a leading position in terms of technology and coral planting scale.
Huang believes that people’s consciousness of coral protection matters most to the sustainable development of the coral reefs. “I want to call on more people to love nature and look at the ocean in awe,” Huang said.
Partly due to her efforts, Hainan Province released a law in 2017 banning reef exploitation (开发), trading and damaging.
Huang works as a consultant for customs and frontier police on coral protection and promotes coral protection in her local schools. Huang also provides online free training for divers to teach them proper behavior in the sea to protect coral reefs.
“A group of ‘folk scientists’ have also been trained with the hope that more people can gain awareness of the significance of coral reef protection and know how to protect them,” said Huang.
“I am 50, and when I become 60, I hope that not only a coral island will be built but a sustainable development pattern will also be created,” said Huang. “The ideal state is that the coral island should be able to support fishermen and preserve the ecosystem,” she added.
36．What impressed Huang most when going diving near Xisha in 2002?
A．A permanent sunburn on her skin.
B．A large quantity of colorful corals.
C．A sweet memory of her childhood.
D．The sudden disappearance of corals.
37．What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on?
A．China’s advances in coral protection. B．Huang’s devotion to coral protection.
C．Huang’s concern over coral protection. D．People’s ignorance of coral protection.
38．What is the key to protecting corals according to Huang Hui?
A．Introduction of advanced technology.
B．Tough laws banning reef exploitation.
C．Public awareness of coral protection.
D．Communication with foreign countries.
39．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Corals in South China Sea are in danger.
B．Scientist plants corals to save ecosystem.
C．China is taking the lead in planting corals.
D．Measures are to be taken to protect corals.




















参考答案
1．A
2．C
3．D
【解析】
【导语】
本篇为应用文。介绍四个环保产品。
1．
细节理解题。第一个产品为有机果蔬，且从介绍中的最后一句话“All the packaging comes in cardboard and paper, which can be easily recycled.”（所有包装材料是由硬纸板和纸制作……）”可知，Organibox的包装是无塑料的。故选A项。
2．
细节理解题。从第三个产品介绍的最后一句“Kind Bag gives one percent of sales to ocean clean-up and preservation initiatives.”（Kind Bag 品牌将销售额百分之一捐赠给海洋清理和保护计划）可知，该机构会进行慈善捐款。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。从本文标题中“The Best Eco-friendly Products for July 2022”（2022年7月最佳环保产品）以及具体产品介绍，可知四个产品均为环保产品，最感兴趣的应为环境保护主义者，故选D。
4．D
5．A
6．D
7．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了非洲最大湖泊维多利亚湖由于气候变化和污染，正在逐渐消失。Rahmina Paulette想帮助恢复生态，于是建立了环保组织。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Having been born along the shores of Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa, Rahmina Paulette said she has witnessed firsthand the effects of climate change leading to great difficulties like drought and floods.(出生在非洲最大湖泊维多利亚湖畔的Rahmina Paulette说，她亲眼目睹了气候变化导致的干旱和洪水等巨大困难的影响)”以及第二段“The 15-year-old Kenyan teenager said East Africa is highly dependent on Lake Victoria, but high pollution has led to poisoning of the water, soil erosion and health problems in people living around the lake. (这位15岁的肯尼亚少年说，东非高度依赖维多利亚湖，但高污染已经导致湖水中毒，水土流失，以及生活在湖周围的人们的健康问题)”可知，气候变化和污染导致了维多利亚湖的问题。故选D。
5．
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Having been born along the shores of Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa, Rahmina Paulette said she has witnessed firsthand the effects of climate change leading to great difficulties like drought and floods.(出生在非洲最大湖泊维多利亚湖畔的Rahmina Paulette说，她亲眼目睹了气候变化导致的干旱和洪水等巨大困难的影响)”以及第二段内容可知，维多利亚湖遭遇了干旱和污染，目前正在消失，所以Paulette意识到自己正在慢慢地从湖泊消失的目击者变成受害者。故画线词意思是“消失”。故选A。
96．
细节理解题。根据第五段“In her efforts to end pollution in the lake, Paulette started an environmental organization called Kisumu Environmental Champions.(为了努力消除湖中的污染，Paulette创办了一个名为Kisumu环境冠军的环境组织)”可知，Paulettet通过建立一个组织来帮助拯救维多利亚湖。故选D。
7．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One such group is nonprofit Osienala in western Kenya. The organization has been cooperating with international partners such as those from China to save Lake Victoria. (肯尼亚西部的非营利组织Osienala就是这样一个组织。该组织一直与中国等国际伙伴合作拯救维多利亚湖)”可知，Osienala寻求外国合作来拯救湖泊。故选C。
8．D
9．A
10．C
11．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。近日，一组由回收垃圾制成的野生动物雕塑在英国格拉斯哥的哈利画廊展出。文章主要介绍了这次展览背后的灵感以及作者创作这些雕塑的原因。
8．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The inspiration behind this collection of artwork was the increase in fly-tipping during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Fly-tipping is when people illegally dump rubbish or litter in a public place.(这一系列艺术品的灵感来自于2020年和2021年Covid-19大流行期间非法倾倒垃圾的增加。非法倾倒是指人们在公共场所非法倾倒垃圾或乱扔垃圾)”可知，越来越多的非法倾倒垃圾启发了哈雷美术馆的展览。故选D。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“She decided to create wildlife sculptures out of these materials to encourage people to think about the damage fly-tipping can do to the environment and wildlife.(她决定用这些材料创作野生动物雕塑，以鼓励人们思考非法倾倒废物对环境和野生动物造成的破坏)”以及最后一段中“Reader says that through her sculptures she draws attention to environmental issues in an attractive and humorous way.(Reader说，通过她的雕塑作品，她以一种迷人而幽默的方式引起了人们对环境问题的关注)”可知，Reader创作这些野生动物雕塑是为了环保。故选A。
10．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Reader says that through her sculptures she draws attention to environmental issues in an attractive and humorous way.(Reader说，通过她的雕塑作品，她以一种迷人而幽默的方式引起了人们对环境问题的关注)”结合文章说明了近日，一组由回收垃圾制成的野生动物雕塑在英国格拉斯哥的哈利画廊展出。文章主要介绍了这次展览背后的灵感以及作者创作这些雕塑的原因。可推知，文章选自环境杂志。故选C。
11．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A selection of wildlife sculptures made out of recycled rubbish is being displayed at an exhibition at the Harley Gallery in Glasgow, England. The sculptures have, been created by Glasgow — based artist Michelle Reader, who has been working with recycled materials for over 20 years.(一组由回收垃圾制成的野生动物雕塑正在英国格拉斯哥的哈雷画廊展出。这些雕塑是由格拉斯哥的艺术家米歇尔·瑞德创作的，她使用回收材料已经超过20年了)”再结合文章主要介绍了这次展览背后的灵感以及作者创作这些雕塑的原因。可知，C选项“垃圾制作的野生动物雕塑”最符合文章标题。故选C。
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述全球温度的升高对珊瑚的影响。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Two of the world’s most common species of reef-building corals seem surprisingly able to survive and even cope well with climate change, according to a new study—at least so long as global warming is kept below 2 degrees Celsius, the target set by the Paris Agreement.”(一项新的研究显示，世界上最常见的两种造礁珊瑚似乎能够令人惊讶地生存下来，甚至能够很好地应对气候变化——至少在全球变暖保持在《巴黎协定》设定的2摄氏度以下的情况下)和最后一段““The paper supports what has been observed in Hawaii. ” says Ku’ulei Rodgers, a coral expert at the University of Hawaii at Manōa . “However, although it is hopeful that some species will survive this century, unless significant reductions in emissions occur, corals will eventually lose their fight for survival.””(“这篇论文支持了在夏威夷观察到的现象。”夏威夷大学Manōa分校的珊瑚专家库乌莱·罗杰斯说。“然而，尽管某些物种有希望在本世纪存活下来，但除非排放量大幅减少，否则珊瑚最终将输掉生存之战。”)可知，如果全球变暖2摄氏度或更高，活着的珊瑚礁将从地球上消失。故选D。
13．
细节理解题。根据第四段“To learn more about how both warming and acidification might threat reefs in the future, they collected samples of three common coral species and placed them in tanks where they would be exposed to the same weather as a reef just offshore.”(为了进一步了解气候变暖和海水酸化在未来对珊瑚礁的威胁，他们收集了三种常见的珊瑚物种的样本，并把它们放置在与近海珊瑚礁相同天气的水箱中。)可知，McLachlan和她的同事们做这项研究的目的是为了进一步了解气候变暖和海水酸化在未来对珊瑚礁的威胁。故选C。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段““The paper supports what has been observed in Hawaii. ” says Ku’ulei Rodgers, a coral expert at the University of Hawaii at Manōa . “However, although it is hopeful that some species will survive this century, unless significant reductions in emissions occur, corals will eventually lose their fight for survival.””(“这篇论文支持了在夏威夷观察到的现象。”夏威夷大学Manōa分校的珊瑚专家库乌莱·罗杰斯说。“然而，尽管某些物种有希望在本世纪存活下来，但除非排放量大幅减少，否则珊瑚最终将输掉生存之战。”)可知，要想保护珊瑚，人类应该不遗余力地减少排放。故选D。
15．
推理判断题。根据第三段“But that’s not what McLachlan and her colleagues observed when they subjected Hawaiian corals to a simulated (模拟) 2ºC world for nearly two years. They found that two common coral species were especially resilient (能复原的) : Two-thirds of those corals survived the simulated future.”(但是当 McLachlan 和她的同事们将夏威夷珊瑚置于模拟2摄氏度的环境中近两年时，他们观察到的并非如此。他们发现两种常见的珊瑚物种具有特别的适应能力：其中三分之二的珊瑚在模拟的未来中存活了下来。)和第五段“For 22 months, the researchers subjected some corals to 2ºC of warming, some to acidified water, and some to both changes. Overall, of the corals exposed to both conditions, 46 percent of rice coral, 56 percent of lobe coral, and 71 percent of finger coral survived. Many of the corals were even thriving.”(在22个月的时间里，研究人员让一些珊瑚受到2摄氏度的升温，一些受到酸化水的影响，还有一些受到两种变化的影响。总的来说，在暴露于这两种环境中的珊瑚中，46% 的大米珊瑚、56% 的叶珊瑚和71% 的指状珊瑚存活了下来。许多珊瑚甚至茁壮成长。)可知，研究人员们主要通过对比和观察的方法做的这项研究。故选B。
16．B
17．D
18．A
19．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明，农作物保险可能会让农民在农田里不积极采取气候变化缓解措施。
【详解】
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study suggests that crop insurance serves as a disincentive （抑制因素） for farmers to adopt climate change relief measures on their croplands.”（一项新的研究表明，农作物保险阻碍了农民在他们的农田上采取气候变化救济措施。）和第四段“If insurance will cover crop losses due to various effects like drought or severe weather, a farmer may not want to pay the extra expense for climate change adaptation efforts such as using cover crops to improve soil health, for example.”（如果保险将涵盖因干旱或恶劣天气等各种影响而造成的作物损失，农民可能不想为适应气候变化的努力支付额外的费用，例如使用覆盖作物改善土壤健康。）可知，农作物保险带来了一个预料之外的后果：因为有了保险覆盖他们的损失，所以农民不愿意额外花钱采取气候变化缓解措施以应对极端天气。故选B。

2. 词义猜测题。根据“This could be an unintended consequence of the government’s providing subsidies for crop insurance, which costs a large sum of money,” （“这可能是政府为农作物保险提供subsidies的意外后果，这需要花费一大笔钱。”）后面的money可知，此处应该是指政府在经济方面的补助。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段 “The concept of moral crisis could be present here. If insurance will cover crop losses due to various effects like drought or severe weather, a farmer may not want to pay the extra expense for climate change adaptation efforts such as using cover crops to improve soil health, for example.”（道德危机的概念可能会解释这个问题的出现。如果保险将涵盖由于干旱或恶劣天气等各种影响造成的作物损失，农民可能会不想支付额外的费用，例如使用覆盖作物改善土壤健康状况。）可知，道德危机也许能解释农作物保险的意外后果。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据第五段“The study models indicate that an increase of daily minimum and maximum temperatures of 1 degree Celsius would increase county-level corn yield variability by 8. 6 bushels （1 bushel equals to 35. 24 L） per acre if 80% of farmers in a county have crop insurance. The same temperature rise in a county with 10％ crop insurance participation would increase corn yield variability by just 6.2 bushels per acre.”（研究模型表明，如果一个县80%的农民有作物保险，每日最低和最高温度升高1摄氏度将使该县的玉米产量变异性每英亩增加8.6蒲式耳（1蒲式耳等于35.24升）。在一个有10%作物保险参与的县，同样的温度升高只会使玉米产量变异性每英亩增加6.2蒲式耳。）可知，作者列出数据来说明农作物保险对玉米产量变异性的影响。故选C。
20．B
21．B
22．A
23．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。荷兰城市里的微型森林不仅可以帮助城市抵御热浪，提高蓄水能力，还使人们有更多机会接触周围的自然环境。
20．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place.(Muziekplein森林，旁边是一座18层的建筑和一条铁路线，大约有一个篮球场那么大；在2018年种植之前，该地区是一个停车场)”可推知，该森林位于城镇区域。故选B。
21．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges.(Daan Bleichrodt发起了IVN的“小森林”计划，目的是让孩子们更容易进入大自然，与大自然接触。他说，他认为这一计划之所以受欢迎，是因为人们越来越意识到重大的环境挑战)”可知，Daan Bleichrodt 发起的微型森林计划的目的是让孩子们更容易接近大自然。故选 B。
22．
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said.(乌得勒支市绿色规划高级顾问Jeroen Schenkels说，他认为迷你森林是一种以自然为基础的方法，能够帮助城市抵御热浪，提高保水能力。但最大的利益之一是社会利益。Schenkels说：“最重要的事情之一是，它们让人们有机会参与到周围的大自然中。”)”可知，城市里的微型森林不仅可以帮助城市抵御热浪，提高蓄水能力，还使人们有更多机会接触周围的自然环境，故本段主要关注的是城市里的微型森林的益处。故选 A。
23．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots.(2018年至2020年期间，仅在Muziekplein森林就发现了40种不同的植物和动物类群以及121种动物物种。据瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员称，在他们的研究中，志愿者们在11片小森林中观察了636种动物。除了原始种植的植物，他们还确定了298种植物)”可知，作者用了列数字的方法来说明城市里的微型森林对生物多样性的影响。故选A。
24．C
25．A
26．C
27．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新型饮用水Ooho bubble的产生背景、研发过程以及投放市场前所做的准备等情况。
24．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is a well-known fact that plastic bottles, which take hundreds of years to rot, are harmful to our environment.(众所周知，塑料瓶要几百年才能腐烂，对我们的环境有害。)”以及“The U.S. alone uses over 50 million plastic bottles annually, 80% of which end up in landfills.(仅美国每年就使用超过5000万个塑料瓶，其中80%最终被扔进了垃圾填埋场。)”可知，Ooho bubble被研发出来的目的是为了结局塑料造成的污染问题。故选C。
25．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, there are a few challenges that still need to be overcome before the product’s launch. (然而，在产品发布之前还有一些挑战需要克服。)”可知，Ooho bubble研发者在接下来会解决产品存在的具体问题。故选A。
26．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hopefully, the inventors will find ways to handle the issues so that we can reduce, or perhaps even remove, plastic bottles.(希望发明者能找到解决问题的方法，这样我们就能减少，甚至移除塑料瓶。)”可知，作者对Ooho bubble投放市场是充满信心的。故选C。
27．
主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了新型饮用水Ooho bubble的产生背景、研发过程以及投放市场前所做的准备等情况。同时文章也指出，研发这种饮用水的目的是为了解决塑料水瓶带来的污染问题。故D选项“The Ooho Bubble Aims to Remove Plastic Bottles(“Ooho泡泡”旨在去除塑料瓶)”能够概括文章大意。故选D。
28．C
29．B
30．D
31．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文，主要讲的是风力发电对环境有益，但目前许多风力涡轮叶片使用完后都被填埋了，对环境造成了一定危害。为了解决这一难题，研究人员研究出了制作环保叶片的方法。
28．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many spent turbine blades are piling up in landfills.(许多废弃的涡轮机叶片堆积在垃圾填埋场。)”可知，对环境的负面影响是现在涡轮叶片的一个弊端。故选C。
29．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But with a thermoplastic resin system, you can make a blade out of it. You heat it to a certain temperature, and it melts back down. You can get the liquid resin back and reuse that.(但是用热塑性树脂系统，你可以用它做一个叶片。你把它加热到一定的温度，它就会融化。你可以把液体树脂拿回来再利用。)”可知，Derek的话主要说明了热塑性树脂如何回收。故选B。
30．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Although the research looks promising, progress will be slow.(尽管这项研究看起来很有希望，但进展将很缓慢)”和“Hopefully, recent progress will help make wind power even greener.(希望最近的进展将有助于使风力发电更加环保。)”可推知，作者对风能的未来持乐观态度。故选D。
31．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The design life of wind turbines is about 20 to 25 years. The longest wind turbine blade to date is 350 feet. Although certain parts of wind turbines can be relatively easily recycled, others are not designed for recyclability. Many spent turbine blades are piling up in landfills. However, researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are making progress in this area.(风力涡轮机的设计寿命约为20 ~ 25年。迄今为止最长的风力涡轮机叶片是350英尺。虽然风力涡轮机的某些部分可以相对容易地回收，但其他部分不是为可回收性而设计的。许多废弃的涡轮机叶片堆积在垃圾填埋场。然而，来自国家可再生能源实验室的研究人员正在这一领域取得进展。)”，并结合文章首先介绍了美国的风力能源使用情况，接着向读者抛出了两个问题：风力涡轮叶片磨损后如何处理和是否存在垃圾处理问题可知，本文主要介绍制作环保的涡轮机叶片的方法，旨在解决目前的难题。即文章主要讲的是发展涡轮叶片的新途径。故选A。
32．D
33．B
34．D
35．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全球变暖给珊瑚生存带来危害，在未来几十年内，全球气温预计将比工业化前的水平上升1.5摄氏度。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及结果的意义。
32．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Within a few decades, global temperatures are expected to climb to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. And that’s going to be really bad for corals, according to the latest report out from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.(在未来几十年内，全球气温预计将比工业化前的水平上升1.5摄氏度。根据政府间气候变化专门委员会的最新报告，这对珊瑚来说将是非常糟糕的)”可知，气候变暖对珊瑚有害。故选D。
33．
词句猜测题。根据第二段“So the recent IPCC report says that up to 1.5 we can expect 10 to 30 percent coral survivorship. And above that, it decreases sharply.”可知，因此，最近的IPCC报告说，上升1.5，我们可以预期10%到30%的珊瑚存活率，在此之上，它急剧下降。由此可知IPCC的报告充满了绝望和悲观的感觉。故画线词意思是“绝望和悲观的感觉”。故选B。
34．
推理判断题。根据第四段“They put them in tanks with either heat stress, more acidic water or both. And what really matters in this study is the one where both increases in temperature and ocean acidification, because that’s exactly what’s happening on reefs now.(他们把它们放在有高温压力或酸性水的容器中，或者两者都有。在这项研究中，真正重要的是温度上升和海洋酸化，因为这正是现在珊瑚礁上发生的事情)”可推知，研究中，温度上升和海洋酸化是携手并进的。故选D。
35．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Grottoli says the study provides hope. The world’s corals may be more resilient than we thought — especially since one of the Hawaiian species they studied is widespread around the planet.(Grottoli说，这项研究带来了希望。世界上的珊瑚可能比我们想象的更有弹性——尤其是他们研究的一种夏威夷珊瑚在地球上广泛存在)”可推知，作者对结果是乐观态度。故选C。
36．B
37．B
38．C
39．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了研究员黄晖为保护珊瑚礁而做出的努力。
36．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“she was left with memories of a beautiful experience with clear water and abundant colorful corals .(清澈的海水和丰富多彩的珊瑚给她留下了美好的回忆)”可知，大量色彩斑斓的珊瑚给她留下了美好的回忆。故选B。
37．
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In 2004, when Huang was attending the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, she found herself the only representative from the Chinese mainland. She said she felt sad but she made up her mind to strengthen communication with other countries to improve China’s level and status in coral research. She visited top coral research institutes in the US and Australia, establishing long-term cooperation with some of the world’s top coral researchers. By far, Huang has worked on coral research and protection for 22 years. (2004年，当黄晖参加第十届国际珊瑚礁研讨会时，她发现自己是中国大陆唯一的代表。她说她感到悲伤，但她决心加强与其他国家的沟通，以提高中国在珊瑚研究方面的水平和地位。她访问了美国和澳大利亚的顶级珊瑚研究机构，与一些世界顶级珊瑚研究人员建立了长期合作关系。到目前为止，黄晖已经从事珊瑚研究和保护工作22年了)”可知，本段讲述的是黄晖对保护珊瑚礁的全身心投入以及贡献。故选B。
38．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Huang believes that people’s consciousness of coral protection matters most to the sustainable development of the coral reefs.(黄晖认为，人们保护珊瑚的意识对珊瑚礁的可持续发展至关重要)”可知，人们树立保护珊瑚的意识是修复珊瑚礁的关键。故选C。
39．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段““We started to cultivate corals near the Xisha Islands in 2010, and restored more than 200,000 square meters of coral reefs,” Huang said.(黄晖说：“2010年，我们开始在西沙群岛附近培育珊瑚，修复了20多万平方米的珊瑚礁。”)”和最后一段““I am 50, and when I become 60, I hope that not only a coral island will be built but a sustainable development pattern will also be created,” said Huang. “The ideal state is that the coral island should be able to support fishermen and preserve the ecosystem,” she added.(她说：“我今年50岁，当我60岁时，我希望建造的不仅仅是一座珊瑚岛，而是一个可持续发展的模式。”她补充说：“理想状态是珊瑚岛应该能够支持渔民和保护生态系统。”)”以及总览全文，文章讲述的是黄晖培育珊瑚，对保护珊瑚礁的全身心投入，同时希望以此来形成一种可持续的发展模式，保护生态系统。故B选项“Scientist plants corals to save ecosystem.(科学家种植珊瑚以拯救生态系统。)”适合文章的标题。故选B。