江苏高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份江苏高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共27页。
阅读理解
Society tells us we should socialize to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude (独处) Being alone “ doesn’t necessarily mean ” being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care.
Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.
The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted (外向型的) country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socializing with others a as they do being alone.
The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge-that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life revolve(围绕) around community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained (根深蒂固的) as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person.
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．People can benefit more from solitude. B．People tend to socialize more nowadays.
C．Bring alone generally equals being lonely. D．Being alone enables people to be carefree.
2．Which of the following best describes young Americans?
A．Imaginative and wild. B．Sensitive and energetic
C．Outgoing and sociable. D．Optimistic and dutiful.
3．How does the author prove his point?
A．By making a summary. B．By drawing comparisons.
C．By explaining a concept. D．By providing examples.
4．Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together?
A．Because they share a specific culture. B．Because they lack some local customs.
C．Because they possess enough home Space. D．Because they give priority to their own needs.
Heat, cold and touch are crucial for experiencing the world around us and for our own survival. But how our bodies actually do it had been one of the great mysteries (神秘) of biology. Scientists who discovered how our bodies feel the warmth of the sun or the hug of a loved one have won the Nobel Prize.
David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, from the US, share the 2021 prize in Medicine or Physiology for their work on sensing touch and temperature. They explored how our bodies convert physical sensations into electrical messages in the nervous system. Their findings could lead to new ways of treating pain.
Thomas Perlman, from the Nobel Prize Committee, said: “It was a very important and profound discovery.” Prof David Julius’s breakthrough, at the University of Calfornia, San Francisco, came from investigating the burning pain we feel from eating a hot chilli pepper (辣椒) . He experimented with the source of a chilli’s heat and discovered the specific type of receptor (感觉器官) that responded to it. Further tests showed the receptor was responding to heat and kicked in at “painful“ temperatures. This is what happens, for example，if you you’re your hand on a cup of coffee.
This led to a senses of other temperature sensors being discovered. Prof Julius and Prof Ardem Palapoutian found one that could detect cold. Meanwhile, Prof Patapoutian, working at the Scrips Research institute, was also analyzing cells in a dish. Those experiments led to the discovery of a different type of receptor that a was activated (激活)in response to mechanical force or touch. When you walk along a beach and feel the sand under your feet-it is these receptors that are sending signals to the brain.
The first heat sensor is also involved’ in lasting pain and how our body regulates its core temperature. The touch receptor has multiple roles, from urinating to blood pressure. The Prize Committee said their work had “allowed us to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force can initiate the nerve impulses (刺激) that allow us to perceive and adapt to the world around us.
5．What made David and Ardem win the Nobel Prize?
A．Mysterious experiences B．Biological discoveries.
C．Exploration of sun heat. D．Survival in high temperature.
6．What does the underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Translate. B．Persuade.
C．Change. D．Lead.
7．Which contributed to the discovery of different temperature sensors?
A．Burning hands on a coffee cup. B．The chilli pepper experiment.
C．Raising painful temperatures. D．The analysis of cells in a dish.
8．What could the discovery be applied to?
A．Testing blood pressure. B．Promoting beach tourism.
C．Perceiving coffee color. D．Treating some diseases.
When my father, who grew up on Tyneside, moved to the country in the 70s, he rapidly began accepting invitations to blood sports. He enjoyed the company, the sport and the hours spent out in the wild.
From about the age of eight, I was invited to accompany him on these weekend excursions, much like a child being taken to their first football matches. I was fed up with the early starts and standing around in freezing conditions, waiting for birds to be driven into the sky, to their deaths, over a line of booming guns. But I wanted to please my dad.
So years later-aged 27, I accepted an invitation to go deer hunting in Scotland with my father.
The hunting party assembled one Friday in September. The driver was also our ghillie, a tough figure whose job it was to identify elderly or weak deer that were selected for hunting and guide us to them through wind, fog and rain.
“Why are you doing this?” I kept asking myself. “What would have been wrong with a walk? Or a guided wildlife tour?”
And then, suddenly, the ghillie almost pushed me to the ground. He pointed at a cloud of fog about a hundred yards ahead. I was baffled, until the cloud lifted like a curtain to reveal-directly in front of us one of the most magnificent living creatures I have ever seen.
“Now!” the ghillie hissed in my ear. “Now’s your chance. The deer! Remember. You want to kill it, not wound it.”
I adjusted my position, focused down the scope once more and placed my finger on the trigger (扳机). And, of course, I didn’t fire. Another curtain of mist came; when it lifted, seconds later, the stag had disappeared.
But I wasn’t disappointed. I was elated. I had come — via a telescopic sight — face to face with an old but most beautiful, iconic and noble beasts of Britain, roaming free in an empty and deserted land of his kingdom.
It was moment of truth and lasting inspiration. I could never have killed that deer-not in any context, for any reason But I would, a decade Inter, write a story about him Not just one book, but four, about little boy and the stag that persuades him to help save the world’s last remaining animals The encounter with that magnificent stag changed my life And guess what-those stories did please my dad.
9．What is the writer’s inner feeling of blood sports?
A．They involve various risks. B．They will lose popularity.
C．They are simple but pleasing. D．They are unpleasant to deal with.
10．What does the underlined word “baffled” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Disappointed. B．Confused. C．Amazed. D．Reliable.
11．Why didn’t the writer take the shot?
A．He was struck by the elderly deer.
B．His sight was blocked by the mist.
C．The guide found the old deer was injured.
D．The deer ran away before he positioned himself.
12．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．A miracle adventure B．An unforgettable moment
C．Wildlife tours: a way of protection D．Blood sports: an inspiration for stories
Scholars have found music and language seem closely linked But how? Some similarities are obvious. Both can express emotion. And both are highly social. AI a structural level the parallel are striking too. With a limited set of notes or words, and a limited set of rules, a limitless variety of novel melodies or sentences can be created Animal communication, by contrast, is only able to convey a limited number of thoughts.
Aniruddh Patel of Tufts University has argued that music and language, rather than being essentially the same, rely on the same bit of the brain. In an experiment he presented his subjects with a sentence that contained a grammatical trick ("The scientist confirmed the hypothesis was being studied in his lab"), revealing one word at a time. The subjects were to press a button for each word at their own pace. Many pushed at the unexpected “was. "The scientist confirmed the hypothesis" seemed a complete sentence.
They also heard music as they performed this exercise. Some were treated to a new chord (和弦) in a pleasing progression with every word that was revealed. Others herd an annoying chord at the moment they reached the trick word "was". Both groups slowed down but those given the discordant(不和谐的) notes did so much more.
Another striking contrast lies in the range of human talent for each ability. Nearly all children produce complex sentences by the age of three and become fluent speakers just a few years after that. By contrast, only a minority of adults are talented musicians; even fewer are skilled composers of new works.
Victor Wooten, a music teacher, points out, children learn to talk by being constantly surrounded by fluent older speakers who are practicing with them almost from birth. Their awkward efforts are encouraged. On the other. hand, students of music often keep company with other beginners, and are stopped when having a mistake.
It is not that simple, thinks Jay Keyser, a professor of linguistics. For him, music is not like spoken prose, which almost everyone can learn without any difficulties, but instead resembles a specific form of language: poetry, whose rhythm is hard to find.
13．What is the similarity between music and language at the structural level?
A．Both have complicated structures.
B．Both have strict grammatical rules.
C．Both can form unlimited structures.
D．Both can express limited meanings.
14．What can we learn about Aniruddh Patel's experiment?
A．Different music varies greatly in the impact on people's life.
B．Appreciation of music helped them understand the sentence.
C．Understanding of the structure was not affected by the music.
D．The discordant music made the sentence structure more difficult.
15．What leads to the difference according to Victor Wooten?
A．The influence cast by those around them.
B．The age when they start to acquire the abilities.
C．The way their mistakes in learning are handled.
D．The expectations they get from those around them.
16．What does Jay Keyser want to say in the last paragraph?
A．It is difficult to compose music.
B．Language can hardly make life fun.
C．Music is not as easy to learn.
D．Music comes from spoken prose.
Modern zoos aim to promote animal conservation, educate people, and support further wildlife research. Staff are devoted to providing species specific housing and appropriate diets to ensure that the animals’ lives are as natural as possible within captivity (圈养).
In fact, most zoo animals have been born and bred in captivity. They have never experienced “the wild”, which many people assume is a wonderful and safe place, despite destruction of natural habits for palm oil threats from climate change or the increase in poaching.
There are two ways capturing animals helps conserve them. Zoo conservation work can be in-situ (在原处)where money: expertise and sometimes staff are provided to protect animals and their habitats in the wild. Large, charming animals such as pandas, tigers or elephants draw the crowds. These flagship species help to raise the image and funds for in-situ conservation efforts for the not so well known species
“Ex-situ” conservation, meanwhile, takes place outside of the animals’ natural habitats, usually back at the zoo and often involving international captive breeding programs. These studbooks(良种登记册) can outline suitable genetic matches for breeding, to keep a sustainable captive population of a certain species and ensure genetic variation.
In the UK a least, zoos must have a written education strategy and an active education programme.If you have been to an accredited (官方认可的) zoo recently you will have noticed they use games and technology to go way beyond these basic requirements.
Research within zoos often looks at animal behaviour or welfare helping to ensure the animals are well housed and fed. Other research investigates the impact humans have on the zoo animals from the visitor effect to the relationships which can be formed between the animals and their keepers. Research also focuses on biological functioning of animals. Much of this is work that cannot be conducted in the wild if the animals live in remote or inhospitable areas.
Overall, zoos provide opportunities to observe and engage with exotic (外国的) animals, many of which may be threatened with extinction in the wild. Seeing them up close can cause a passion for biology, conservation and the environment.
17．What do people think of “the wild”?
A．It poses a danger to humans.
B．It is perfect for large animals
C．It is an ideal habitat for animals.
D．It guarantees the safety of animals.
18．What highlights “ex-situ” conservation?
A．Saving the conservation cost.
B．Attracting more visitors to zoos.
C．Keeping a species’ population stable.
D．Changing the genes of a certain species.
19．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?
A．How zoo keepers get along with animals.
B．How zoos can contribute to research work.
C．What researchers are expected to do in zoos.
D．Why it is difficult to carry out research in the wild.
20．What is the author’s purpose in wring the text?
A．To show zoos ways to raise animals.
B．To stress modern zoos research value.
C．To defend zoos role in protecting animals.
D．To advise zoos to release animals into the wild.
My name is Destiny, working at a Psychological Counselling Center. In my teens, there was nothing special about me. My older sister, Antia, is beautiful. My younger brother, Tye, is a talent at the age 13. He completely skipped the sixth grade. How do I compete with that?
My mom and I were home alone one day. I went into the room where she was watching television and I blurted out (脱口而出), “Mom, is there anything special about me?”
She thought about it for a moment and then turned down TV. She took a deep breath, took my hand and exhaled (呼气).
“You have the ability to say just the right thing at just the right time.”
“Really? Is that it, words?” I tried to keep my voice steady (稳定的) but I could hear the anger even as I fought to control it.
“It’s more than words, Destiny,” my mom said. I know my mother meant well but I felt worse than ever. I burst into tears.
The next day is when my whole life changed. I went to school earlier than before and noticed Darwin sitting across the room which was strange because no one ever noticed Darwin. Suddenly, Darwin stood up and threw away all his books, shouting loudly. I could hear screaming and crying but the sounds seemed distant as I focused my full attention on Darwin six feet in front of me. I felt the words swell up in me. “Darwin,” I heard myself say with a calm, steady voice. “I have family and friends with so much talent and potential and I have none. There is nothing special about me.” From the corner of my eye, I could see others staring at me in silence. I continued talking. “You are so smart. You can answer questions that the teacher hasn’t even asked yet. Do you know that everyone in this class is envious (嫉妒的) of you?” Hearing my words, he calmed down and gave me a big hug.
Then the teacher came. Learning about what happened, the teacher smiled, “That was a great job you did, young lady. Superman could not have done a better job than you did here today.” I couldn’t believe that she compared me to Super man. I work at Psychological Counselling Center now. There is a cork board over my desk filed with thank-you cards and letters from people who say they owe their lives, careers, or their families to my words. But tome, they are more than words. They are my super power!
21．Why does the author mention her sister and brother?
A．She is envious of them. B．She feels really proud of them.
C．She wants to show family love. D．She considers competing with them.
22．What is the author’s reaction to her mother’s words in Paragraph 6?
A．She said more words to her mother.
B．She could hardly believe her mother.
C．She understood her mother’s white lie.
D．She had doubt about her mother’s love.
23．What do we know about Darwin from the text?
A．He quarreled with his classmates. B．He lacked great talent and potential.
C．He failed again in the examination. D．He suddenly lost control for some reason.
24．Which is a suitable title for the text?
A．A Brave Superman B．The Power of Words
C．A Strange Classmate D．The Future of a Career
When we moved into our home in Maui, Hawaii, 16 years ago, one good thing about this house was the huge avocado tree growing in the backyard.
This tree gave the most delicious avocados I have ever tasted. I lived on these avocados when nursing my first child. Fresh avocado was the very first food for my kids. This tree was so huge that it cast a massive shadow over our backyard. It was truly our magical tree.
Until one day, someone from the Health Department came to tell us that our avocado tree was too large and needed trimming. In New York, you get in trouble if you don’t clear the snow off your sidewalk. Here, it’s when your trees are too high. So along came the trimmer, leaving just the trunk and a few branches. I was sad. The kids were all sad. Some friends who knew it would say, “It’s going to grow back. Your next avocados will be crazy!” Yeah, whatever. The tree is gone, so stop doing that. It just didn’t work.
But a few days later, I noticed some unusual butterflies flying around the yard. And then, the sun came in the kitchen, creating this pleasant warmth once blocked by the huge tree. After about a month, I started to notice some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches, which eventually turned into full-on bright green leaves.
I started to feel like all was going to be fine, kind of like life. Little do we know what seems really difficult is actually life’s way of making us stronger. It’s life’s way of bringing in the butterflies, the sunshine, and the delightful flowers. We all know that saying, “It will be OK in the end. If it’s not, it’s not the end.”
25．What is mainly conveyed in paragraph 2 about the avocado tree?
A．Her kids’ love for it. B．Its fruit’s good taste.
C．Her expectation of it. D．Its benefits for her family.
26．Why did the author’s friends say the words in paragraph 3?
A．To laugh at her. B．To cheer her up.
C．To show their regret. D．To express their excitement.
27．What happened to the avocado tree in the end?
A．It had no branches. B．It blocked the sunshine.
C．It was full of life again. D．It bore more avocados.
28．What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A．You harvest what you sow. B．Luck and Misfortune comes in turn.
C．Success won’t come unless you go to it. D．The important thing in life is to have a dream.
Sara Braden doesn’t have time to lose things. She’s a working mom with a lot more hobbies than her friends, and when she misplaces her keys or leaves her purse at a restaurant, she becomes annoyed and impatient. “It impacts me greatly,” says Braden, 35, a Washington officer.
According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.”
Her anxiety is familiar to anyone whose phone is missing a dozen times a day. Such kind of mistakes might result in a constant fear: Is something wrong with me? Probably not. “It’s common and certainly annoying,” says Professor Arely. “Most of the time, losing things is a breakdown of attention and memory. We’re thinking about something else. We have other concerns occupying our attention, and then we never really add the information to memory about where we’ve put the object.”
The study shows that, sometimes, people with ADHD report that losing things affects their work productivity or relationships. For example, if they can’t find their keys all the time and are late for a dinner party, they could anger their friends. In that case, it’s worth being evaluated by a doctor. Nevertheless, not all cases deserve special attention. Actually, people who have had ADHD since they were teens have nothing much to worry about. For those with ADHD, what really matters is changes from past performance.
When we’re operating on autopilot and not truly focused on our surroundings, we may still lose things even with the strongest intention not to do so, Professor Arely says. But for the most part, he thinks people can overcome the tendency to lose things. Sara Braden has learned to adapt, in part by writing down where she has stored items. She also coaches herself not to panic when an item gets lost.
29．How does the author introduce the topic?
A．By offering an example. B．By quoting a remark.
C．By making a comparison. D．By giving an explanation.
30．What is the possible reason for people’s losing things?
A．Their constant fear. B．Their common weakness.
C．Their absent-mindedness. D．Their emotional breakdown.
31．What should people with ADHD pay special attention to?
A．Improved efficiency at work. B．Occasional delay in meeting friends.
C．Losing things repeatedly since teens. D．Behavioural changes from the past.
32．What is Professor Arely’s attitude to overcoming forgetfulness?
A．Positive. B．Sceptical. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
A satellite is about to demonstrate a new way of capturing space junk with magnets for the first time. With the frequency of space launches dramatically increasing in recent years, the potential for a disastrous collision above Earth is continually growing. Now, Japanese orbital clean-up company Astroscale is testing a potential solution.
The firm’s End-of-Life Services by Astroscale demonstration mission is scheduled to lift off on 20 March aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser to dock with it.
The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. The first test will be the simplest, with the client satellite drifting a short distance away and then being recaptured. In the second test, the servicer satellite will set the client satellite tumbling before catching up with it and matching its motion to grab it.
Finally, if those two tests go well, the chaser will live up to its name by letting the client satellite float a few hundred metres away before finding it and attaching to it. All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion.
“These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before in space - they are very different to, say, an astronaut controlling a robotic arm on the International Space Station,” says Jason Forshaw at Astroscale UK. “This is more of an autonomous mission.” At the end of the tests, both spacecraft will burn up in Earth’s atmosphere.
If companies wanted to use this capability, they would have to attach a magnetic plate to their satellites so they could be captured later. Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. Right now, each chaser can only nab one satellite, but Astroscale is working on a version that could drag three or four out of orbit at once.
33．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “dock with” in Paragraph 2?
A．deal with B．keep up with C．join together D．crash
34．Why many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites?
A．Because of the growing space waste problem.
B．Because the frequency of space launches are dramatically increasing.
C．Because they can earn large profits from it.
D．Because Astroscale has found a new method of capturing the space garbage.
35．What will Astroscale do to solve the space junk problem?
A．An astronaut controls a robotic arm on the International Space to capture the “client” satellite
B．Through a magnetic plate remotely controlled by humans on the ground to catch the “client” satellite
C．Finding the “client” satellite and attaching to it with a magnetic plate automatically
D．Tumbling to match the motion of “client” satellite the drag three or four satellites out of its orbit into atmosphere.
36．What can we infer from the passage?
A．people will burn the space junk up in Earth’s atmosphere in the future
B．Japan and Russia will conduct space debris cleanup experiment together
C．These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before.
D．the demonstration mission will be divided into three phases
A blood test that accurately predicts a patient’s likelihood of dying from heart disease or a stroke (中风) has been developed.
Researchers took samples of blood from 22,949 people and analyzed the levels of about 5,000 proteins within it. They then used machine learning to detect whether there was a link between the proteins that circulate in a person’s bloodstream and their risk of heart disease. The study identified a particular “protein signature” that accurately predicts the chance of suffering a heart attack, stroke or heart failure over a four-year period.
Currently, doctors assess the likelihood of patients suffering heart problems by looking at factors including weight, blood pressure, age and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. However, blood protein analysis can provide more accurate clues to the state of a person’s health. The technology was found to be twice as accurate as existing tools at measuring a patient’s heart risk. The blood test could also provide a faster way of detecting whether patients’ existing medication (药物治疗) is working and helping to reduce their risk. Existing risk assessments struggle to do this.
The blood test was developed by SomaLogic, based in Boulder, Colorado. The company is also working with scientists at Imperial College London to help develop a blood test to detect cancer. Professor Elio Riboli said this could lead to widespread screening for many different types of cancers, which is not possible using existing techniques. His team will work with SomaLogic to analyze 15,000 blood samples from people who had developed cancer, comparing them with 10,000 samples from people who did not. The results will be used to establish whether there are protein markers that could indicate if someone is at risk from the disease.
In 2019, a trial began in Leeds to use SomaLogic’s technology to assess people’s risk of diabetes, and also the effectiveness of lifestyle changes in preventing the condition. Dr Michael Messenger, head of the Leeds Centre for Personalized Medicine and Health, said that it could help tailor treatments to individual patients. “Personalized medicine lets us take a deeper look at each person’s individual biology, so we can better understand what the right advice or treatment, at the right time, might be.”
37．What can be learned from the second paragraph?
A．About 5,000 proteins exist in people’s blood.
B．Different methods were adopted in the research.
C．Altogether 22,949 people volunteered for the study.
D．The “protein signature” in the blood causes heart diseases.
38．How is the third paragraph developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By making classifications.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
39．What can be learned from the passage?
A．Personalized medicine is becoming a tendency.
B．Protein markers will indicate some risks of cancer.
C．SomaLogic’s technology will have a wider application.
D．Blood protein analysis is most advanced in predicting diseases.
40．What is the text mainly about?
A．New approaches to doing blood tests.
B．An easy way to prevent deadly diseases.
C．The advantages of blood protein analysis.
D．A blood test to predict the risk of heart attack death.

























参考答案
1．B
2．C
3．D
4．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了不同文化对独处有不同的看法。
1．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Society tells us we should socialize to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks.（社会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些周围有人的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，无论是面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络，我们几乎总是联系在一起）”可知，从第一段中，我们可学到现在人们更倾向于社交。故选B项。
2．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.（对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到晚餐派对，到游戏之夜，再到酒吧喝酒，等等）”可知，外向，善于交际最能描述年轻的美国人。故选C项。
3．
推理判断题。根据第二段“If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude（如果你在美国生活或待过一段时间，你可能知道美国人往往不喜欢独处）”以及第三段“Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted country（在大西洋的另一边，英国是一个非常外向的国家）”以及第四段中“The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves（最不可能独自生活的国家是印度，大约占人口的4%。中国也非常喜欢多人家庭，只有大约10%的人独自生活）”可知，作者是通过举例子的方式来证明自己的观点。故选D项。
4．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life revolve around community. （中国也非常喜欢多人家庭，只有大约10%的人独自生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都围绕着社区）”可知，大多数中国人更喜欢住在一起的原因是因为因为他们有共同的文化。故选A项。
5．B
6．C
7．B
8．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家们发现了我们的身体如何感受太阳的温暖或爱人的拥抱，以及这个发现的应用。
5．
推理判断题。根据根据第二段中“David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, from the US, share the 2021 prize in Medicine or Physiology for their work on sensing touch and temperature. They explored how our bodies convert physical sensations into electrical messages in the nervous system.（来自美国的大卫·朱利叶斯和阿登·帕塔普提安因他们在触觉和温度感知方面的研究分享了201年的医学或生理学奖。他们探索了我们的身体如何在神经系统中将物理感觉转化为电信号）”可知，是生物发现让David和Ardem获得诺贝尔奖。故选B项。
6．
词句猜测题。选项中A. Translate翻译；B. Persuade说服；C. Change改变；D. Lead引领。根据上文“for their work on sensing touch and temperature”（因为他们在触觉和温度方面的研。可知“他们探索了我们的身体如何在神经系统中将物理感觉转化为电信号”故划线词的意思是改变，change...into“把...变成...”。故选C项。
7．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Prof David Julius’s breakthrough, at the University of Calfornia, San Francisco, came from investigating the burning pain we feel from eating a hot chilli pepper .He experimented with the source of a chilli’s heat and discovered the specific type of receptor   that responded to it（加州大学旧金山分校的大卫·朱利叶斯教授的这项突破来自于对我们吃辣椒时感受到的灼烧感的研究。他对辣椒的辣味来源进行了实验，发现了对辣味做出反应的特定受体类型）”以及第四段第一句“This led to a senses of other temperature sensors being discovered.（这导致了其他温度传感器的发现）”可知，辣椒实验促成了不同温度传感器的发现。故选B项。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Their findings could lead to new ways of treating pain.（他们的发现可能会带来治疗疼痛的新方法）”可知这项发现可以应用于治疗一些疾病。故选D项。
9．D
10．B
11．A
12．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直不理解父亲喜欢血腥运动的原因。直到27岁和父亲一起去苏格兰猎鹿。在这次的经历中，作者体会到了其中的乐趣，见到了不列颠野兽，它在它的王国一片空旷荒芜的土地上自由漫游的情景，甚至给作者带来了创作的灵感。
9．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I was fed up with the early starts and standing around in freezing conditions, waiting for birds to be driven into the sky, to their deaths, over a line of booming guns. (我厌倦了早起，站在冰冷的环境中，等待着鸟儿飞向天空，在一排隆隆的枪声中死去)”可知，作者对血腥运动的内心感受是：它们令人讨厌。故选D项。
10．
词句猜测题。根据文章第六段“And then, suddenly, the ghillie almost pushed me to the ground. He pointed at a cloud of fog about a hundred yards ahead. (然后，突然间，吉利差点把我推倒在地。他指了指前方一百米左右的一团雾气)”以及下文“until the cloud lifted like a curtain to reveal-directly in front of us one of the most magnificent living creatures I have ever seen. (直到乌云像窗帘一样升起，在我们面前展现出我所见过的最壮观的生物之一)”可推知，作者当时突然被人一推，然后被对方指着那团雾气的动作搞得很困惑。由此可知，划线词baffled与confused“困惑的”意思接近。故选B项。
11．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“But I wasn’t disappointed. I was elated. I had come — via a telescopic sight — face to face with an old but most beautiful, iconic and noble beasts of Britain, roaming free in an empty and deserted land of his kingdom. (但我没有失望。我感到欢欣鼓舞。我通过望远镜的瞄准镜来到了这里，与一只古老但最美丽、最具标志性和最高贵的不列颠野兽面对面，它在它的王国的一片空旷荒芜的土地上自由自在地游荡)”可知，作者没有开枪，因为作者被这头年老的鹿所触动。故选A项。
12．
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者一直不理解父亲喜欢血腥运动的原因。直到27岁和父亲一起去苏格兰猎鹿。在这次的经历中，作者体会到了其中的乐趣，见到了不列颠野兽，它在它的王国一片空旷荒芜的土地上自由漫游的情景，甚至给作者带来了创作的灵感，这次经历让作者难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable moment(一个难忘的时刻)适合作本文标题。故选B项。
13．C
14．D
15．A
16．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学者们发现音乐和语言似乎密切相关，并用实验证明它们在本质上还是不同的。
13．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Both can express emotion. And both are highly social. AI a structural level the parallel are striking too. With a limited set of notes or words, and a limited set of rules, a limitless variety of novel melodies or sentences can be created Animal communication, by contrast, is only able to convey a limited number of thoughts. (两者都可以表达情感。两者都是高度社会化的。人工智能在结构层面上的平行也很惊人。通过有限的一组音符或单词，有限的一组规则，可以创造出无限多种新颖的旋律或句子，相比之下，动物的交流只能传达有限数量的思想。)”可知音乐和语言创造出无限多种新颖的旋律或句子，因此它们都可以创造出无限的结构，故选C。
14．
推理判断题。根据第三段“They also heard music as they performed this exercise. Some were treated to a new chord (和弦) in a pleasing progression with every word that was revealed. Others herd an annoying chord at the moment they reached the trick word "was". Both groups slowed down but those given the discordant(不和谐的) notes did so much more. 他们在做这个练习时还听到了音乐。有些人听的是一个新的和弦，每一个词都有一个令人愉快的进展。还有一些人在听到“是”这个有趣的词时发出了恼人的声音。两组人都放慢了速度，但那些听到不和谐音符的人速度要慢得多。” 由此可推断，不和谐的音乐使句子更难。故选D。
15．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Victor Wooten, a music teacher, points out, children learn to talk by being constantly surrounded by fluent older speakers who are practicing with them almost from birth. Their awkward efforts are encouraged. On the other. hand, students of music often keep company with other beginners, and are stopped when having a mistake.(音乐教师维克多·伍腾(Victor Wooten)指出，孩子们学习说话的过程中，经常会被流利的年长演讲者包围，这些人几乎从一出生就在和他们一起练习。他们笨拙的努力受到了鼓励。另一方面，学音乐的学生经常和其他初学者结伴而行，一旦出了差错就会被制止。) ”由此可知，他认为是周围人影响了孩子的语言，造成了差异，故选A。
16．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is not that simple, thinks Jay Keyser, a professor of linguistics. For him, music is not like spoken prose, which almost everyone can learn without any difficulties, but instead resembles a specific form of language: poetry, whose rhythm is hard to find. (语言学教授杰伊·凯瑟认为，事情没那么简单。对他来说，音乐不像口头散文，几乎每个人都可以毫无困难地学习，而是像一种特定的语言形式:诗歌，它的节奏很难找到。)”由此可知，杰伊·凯瑟认为音乐不容易学习，故选C。
17．C
18．C
19．B
20．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了动物园的主旨。动物园提供了观察和接触异国动物的机会，其中许多可能面临着野外灭绝的威胁。在动物园近距离观察它们会引起对生物学、保护和环境的热情。
17．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They have never experienced “the wild”, which many people assume is a wonderful and safe place, despite destruction of natural habits for palm oil threats from climate change or the increase in poaching.(他们从未经历过“荒野”，尽管气候变化或偷猎的增加，威胁到了棕榈油，进而自然习惯遭到破坏，但许多人认为那里是一个美妙而安全的地方)”可知，人们认为荒野是个对于动物来说美妙且安全的地方。故选C项。
18．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Ex-situ” conservation, meanwhile, takes place outside of the animals’ natural habitats, usually back at the zoo and often involving international captive breeding programs. These studbooks(良种登记册) can outline suitable genetic matches for breeding, to keep a sustainable captive population of a certain species and ensure genetic variation.(与此同时，“迁地”保护发生在动物的自然栖息地之外，通常是在动物园内，并且经常涉及国际圈养繁殖计划。这些良种登记册可以勾勒出适合繁殖的遗传匹配，以保持特定物种的可持续圈养种群并确保遗传变异)”可知，迁地保护涉及国际圈养繁殖计划，保持特定物种的可持续圈养种群，也就是保持某一种类的数量的稳定。故选C项。
19．
段落大意题。根据第六段“Research within zoos often looks at animal behaviour or welfare helping to ensure the animals are well housed and fed. Other research investigates the impact humans have on the zoo animals from the visitor effect to the relationships which can be formed between the animals and their keepers. Research also focuses on biological functioning of animals.(动物园内的研究通常着眼于动物行为或福利，以帮助确保动物得到良好的安置和喂养。其他研究调查了人类对动物园动物的影响，从游客效应到动物与其饲养员之间可以形成的关系。研究还侧重于动物的生物学功能)”可知，这段主要讲述了关于动物园的一些研究工作。故选B项。
20．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Overall, zoos provide opportunities to observe and engage with exotic (外国的) animals, many of which may be threatened with extinction in the wild. Seeing them up close can cause a passion for biology, conservation and the environment.(总体而言，动物园提供了观察和接触异国动物的机会，其中许多可能在野外面临灭绝的威胁。 近距离观察它们会引起对生物学、保护和环境的热情)”可知，作者通篇介绍了动物园，最后一段做总结，动物园提供观察动物的机会，以及在动物园近距离观察它们会引起对生物学、保护和环境的热情。推知，作者是认可动物园在保护动物方面的作用。故选C项。
21．A
22．B
23．D
24．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者Destiny在超级有才华的姐姐和弟弟的陪伴下长大倍感压力，觉得自己毫无才华，一无是处，直到她妈妈和老师告诉他，她的话语很有力量，而且她知道在合适的时候说合适的话，当她成为了一名成功的心理咨询师之后，才明白自己的天赋所在。
21．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“In my teens, there was nothing special about me.(十几岁的时候，我没什么特别的)”可知，作者先说自己没有什么特别的，接着下文“My older sister, Antia, is beautiful. My younger brother, Tye, is a talent at the age 13.(我的姐姐Antia很漂亮。我的弟弟Tye 13岁就成了天才)”提到姐姐很漂亮，弟弟是天才，推知作者提到姐姐和弟弟是将一无是处的自己与他们对比，表达羡慕之情。故选A项。
22．
推理判断题。根据第六段中“I know my mother meant well but I felt worse than ever.(我知道我妈妈是好意，但我感觉比以前更糟了)”可知，作者知道妈妈是出于好意说了那些话，但自己知道不能真的相信妈妈说的话，所以感觉更糟糕。故选B项。
23．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Suddenly, Darwin stood up and threw away all his books, shouting loudly.(突然，Darwin站了起来，扔掉了所有的书，大声喊叫)”可知，Darwin突然莫名失控了。故选D项。
24．
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合文章最后两句“But to me, they are more than words. They are my super power!(但对我来说，它们不仅仅是文字。它们是我的超能力！)”可知， 本文主要讲述作者原来觉得自己毫无才能，但妈妈告诉她她的语言很有力量，在通过语言帮助了身边的人后，作者终于认可了自己的才能，因此本文的主题应是“语言的力量”，故选B项。
25．D
26．B
27．C
28．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者夏威夷的家中后院里长着一颗巨大的牛油果树，这棵树给作者一家带来了快乐。直到某天卫生部门的人要求作者修剪了这棵树，作者非常伤心，但是大约一个月后，那棵牛油果树又充满了生机。作者因此感悟到看似困难的事情其实是生活让我们更坚强的方式。
25．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“This tree gave the most delicious avocados I have ever tasted. I lived on these avocados when nursing my first child. Fresh avocado was the very first food for my kids. This tree was so huge that it cast a massive shadow over our backyard. It was truly our magical tree.(这棵树结出了我吃过的最美味的牛油果。我喂养第一个孩子的时候就靠这些牛油果生活。新鲜的牛油果是我孩子们的第一个食物。这棵树太大了，在我们的后院投下了巨大的影子。这真的是我们的魔法树)”可知，第二段主要表达了牛油果树给作者家庭带来的好处。故选D。
26．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“I was sad. The kids were all sad. Some friends who knew it would say, “It’s going to grow back. Your next avocados will be crazy!”(我很伤心。孩子们都很伤心。一些知道它的朋友会说：“它会重新长出来的。你的下一个牛油果会长得很好的！”)”可知，作者的朋友说这些话是为了让作者高兴。故选B。
27．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“After about a month, I started to notice some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches, which eventually turned into full-on bright green leaves.(大约一个月后，我开始注意到一些绿色的小芽从剪下来的树枝上冒出来，最后变成了明亮的绿叶)”可知，那棵牛油果树最后又充满了生机。故选C。
28．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I started to feel like all was going to be fine, kind of like life. Little do we know what seems really difficult is actually life’s way of making us stronger. It’s life’s way of bringing in the butterflies, the sunshine, and the delightful flowers. We all know that saying, “It will be OK in the end. If it’s not, it’s not the end.”(我开始觉得一切都会好起来的，有点像生活。我们不知道，看似困难的事情其实是生活让我们更坚强的方式。这是生活带来蝴蝶、阳光和令人愉快的花朵的方式。我们都知道这句话：“一切都会好起来的。如果不是，那就不是结局。”)”可知，作者通过自家牛油果树被砍，后来又长出来，充满生机的故事，告诉我们，世事无常，有时候看似不幸的事其实是幸运的事，所以B项“祸兮福之所倚 福兮祸之所伏”符合。故选B。
29．A
30．C
31．D
32．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现多动症与丢东西有关，指出人们丢失东西的可能原因是心不在焉。研究表明，有时多动症患者报告说，失去东西会影响他们的工作效率或人际关系。
29．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Sara Braden doesn’t have time to lose things. She’s a working mom with a lot more hobbies than her friends, and when she misplaces her keys or leaves her purse at a restaurant, she becomes annoyed and impatient. “It impacts me greatly,” says Braden, 35, a Washington officer.(Sara Braden可没时间丢东西。她是一个职业妈妈，比她的朋友们有更多的爱好，当她把钥匙放错地方或把钱包落在餐馆时，她会变得恼火和不耐烦。“这对我影响很大，”35岁的华盛顿官员Braden说)”可推知，作者通过举例子来引入主题。故选A。
30．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most of the time, losing things is a breakdown of attention and memory. We’re thinking about something else. We have other concerns occupying our attention, and then we never really add the information to memory about where we’ve put the object.(很多时候，丢失东西是注意力和记忆力的崩溃。我们在想别的事情。我们的注意力被其他的事情占据了，我们从来没有把关于我们把物体放在哪里的信息添加到记忆中)”可知，人们丢失东西的可能原因是心不在焉。故选C。
31．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“For those with ADHD, what really matters is changes from past performance.(对于多动症患者来说，真正重要的是改变过去的表现)”可知，ADHD患者应该特别注意过去的行为变化。故选D。
32．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When we’re operating on autopilot and not truly focused on our surroundings, we may still lose things even with the strongest intention not to do so, Professor Arely says. But for the most part, he thinks people can overcome the tendency to lose things.( Arely教授说，当我们处于自动驾驶状态，没有真正关注周围环境时，我们可能仍然会失去一些东西，即使我们最不想这样做。但在大多数情况下，他认为人们可以克服失去东西的倾向)”可推知，Arely教授认为人们是可以克服失去东西的这种倾向，由此可推知，他对克服健忘的态度是积极的。故选A。
33．C
34．A
35．C
36．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。随着近年来空间发射频率的急剧增加，地球上空发生灾难性碰撞的可能性不断增大。现在，日本轨道清理公司Astroscale正在测试一种解决方案，以期应对日益严重的太空垃圾问题。
33．
词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (它由两个航天器组成:一个较小的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”卫星。较小的卫星装有磁板)”可知，这颗较小的卫星装有一块磁板，可以让“追逐者”与它对接由此可知划线部分“dock with”与“join together”的意思相近，表示“连接在一起”的意思。故选C。
34．
细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. (Forshaw说，由于日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司在卫星燃料耗尽或出现故障时有办法将其带回，因此这可能是一个相当简单的可行计划)”可知，因为日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司带回他们的卫星。故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据第二段后两句“It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser to dock with it. (它由两个航天器组成：一个小型的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”。较小的卫星配备了使追踪器与之对接的板磁力板)”及第三段第一句“The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及释放服务卫星，然后重新捕获客户卫星)”，以及第四段最后一句“All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion. (所有这些测试都将自动执行，一旦启动，几乎不需要人工输入)”可知，Astroscale公司会通过服务卫星找到客户卫星，服务卫星通过客户卫星上的磁力板连接上客户卫星，进而捕获客户卫星，整个过程都是自动执行的。通过这样的过程，就可以捕获太空中的垃圾。故选C。
36．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及服务卫星释放，然后重新捕获客户卫星 )”可知，这个示范任务将会进行三个不同的测试，可以推断出这个任务会被分成三个不同阶段。故选D。
37．B
38．C
39．C
40．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新开发出来的血液测试，能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风的可能性。
37．
推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Researchers took samples of blood from 22,949 people and analyzed the levels of about 5,000 proteins within it. They then used machine learning to detect whether there was a link between the proteins that circulate in a person’s bloodstream and their risk of heart disease.”（研究人员采集了22949个人的血液样本，分析了其中约5000种蛋白质的含量。然后，他们利用机器学习来检测血液中循环的蛋白质与心脏病风险之间是否存在联系。）可知，研究中分别采用了采集血液样本和利用机器检测等方式，由此可知，研究中采用了不同的方法。故选B项。
38．
推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“However, blood protein analysis can provide more accurate clues to the state of a person’s health. The technology was found to be twice as accurate as existing tools at measuring a patient’s heart risk.”（然而，血液蛋白质分析可以为一个人的健康状况提供更准确的线索。研究发现，该技术在测量患者心脏风险方面的准确度是现有工具的两倍。）可知，第三段中将血液检测和现有工具在测量患者心脏风险方面的准确度上进行了对比，血液蛋白质分析能够提供更准确的线索，准确度是现有工具的两倍，由此可知，第三段是通过进行比较展开的。故选C项。
39．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Professor Elio Riboli said this could lead to widespread screening for many different types of cancers, which is not possible using existing techniques. ”（埃利奥·里博利教授说，这可能导致对许多不同类型癌症的广泛筛查，而这是使用现有技术所不可能做到的）可知，由此可知，SomaLogic的技术将有更广泛的应用。故选C项。
40．
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“A blood test that accurately predicts a patient’s likelihood of dying from heart disease or a stroke (中风) has been developed.”（一种能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风可能性的血液测试已经开发出来。）可知，文章主要介绍了一种新开发出来的血液测试，能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风的可能性，由此可知，文章主要讲的是预测心脏病发作死亡风险的血液测试。故选D项。