高三英语完形填空分类训练：时事热点

这是一份高三英语完形填空分类训练：时事热点，共49页。
完形填空
Artificial intelligence (AI) has amazing potential to change the world, and we’ve only just begun to scratch the surface. As AI matures and people move further away from distinct programming and monitoring of systems, unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause ___1___ harm for individuals and society. This bias might ___2___ input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.
All too often, data sets are incomplete and the sample represented in the data set does not ___3___the population that the AI model is making predictions about—this is known as coverage bias. Some other types of bias related to input data include sampling bias, where data is not collected randomly from the target group, and participation bias, where users from certain groups ___4___ surveys at different rates than users from other groups. Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong ___5___ belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives. This could lead one to more strongly ___6___ data that confirms a preexisting belief.
Bias resulting from AI algorithms themselves, or algorithmic bias, is equally ___7___. One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias, where data scientists ___8___ make associations or assumptions based on their mental models and memories that affect data modeling decisions. Implicit bias can ___9___ how data is collected and classified, or how systems are designed and developed. As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people. Ethical (道德的) AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods to ___10___ mistakes and inaccuracies.
To create ethical AI, companies need to put the ___11___ of the individual at the center of data innovation. This means thinking about ___12___ rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.
Having ___13___ data practices for AI means having good AI governance. This governance not only focuses on data and analytics but also understands the impacts of any given analysis and makes sure it’s ___14___ and accurate. Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency (透明性).
None of this will be easy, but true innovation never is. By coming together and working on the problem of bias now, before it becomes a(n) ___15___ force, businesses can help bring out the best AI has to offer the world.
1．A．theoretical B．psychological C．disproportionate D．unintended
2．A．arise from B．contribute to C．take over D．make up
3．A．inspire B．match C．protect D．restrict
4．A．quit B．administer C．compare D．analyze
5．A．distinct B．predictable C．original D．widespread
6．A．restore B．imply C．miss D．favor
7．A．embarrassing B．dangerous C．relevant D．ridiculous
8．A．intentionally B．temporarily C．automatically D．appropriately
9．A．influence B．help C．attract D．predict
10．A．admit B．define C．address D．publicize
11．A．belongings B．expressions C．characteristics D．needs
12．A．civil B．digital C．legal D．natural
13．A．frequent B．responsible C．peculiar D．graceful
14．A．fair B．quick C．appealing D．adequate
15．A．leading B．innovative C．cultural D．destructive
TikTok, a social media app dedicated to short-form videos, has emerged as a major firer of food trends — from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread and feta pasta. But another trend, the #whatieatinaday trend, is dominating TikTok, which is nearing 9 billion ____16____.
Even though #whatieatinaday posts may be ____17____ to serve as healthy inspiration for others, there’s a growing feeling that these video diaries of daily eats will likely do more harm than good — especially among young girls or people with a history of disordered eating.
The ____18____ message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them. Yet what someone else eats in a day doesn’t mean it’s right for you, since these “____19____” videos are not a completely accurate representation of what someone typically eats.
Often the overly stylized (程式化) meals do not____20____ a nutritionally adequate diet. The posts are ____21____the illusion (幻想) of an ideal day of eating, along with an ideal body size.
Younger audiences, especially girls and young women, internalize the message that they must eat like these creators to achieve and maintain not only health, but also social ____22____. The biggest harm with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or ____23____ eating behaviors. This could prevent someone struggling with an eating disorder from ____24____ support or treatment.
Even if the #whatieatinaday posts are displaying a _____25_____ day of eating, the subtext message of “eat like me, and you will look like me” is harmful because people will not necessarily achieve the same body size as the _____26_____ even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.
_____27_____, what might be a healthy, adequate day of satisfying meals for one person may be inadequate and unsatisfying to another. Even worse, someone looking at these posts may conclude that they need to be eating half as much to _____28_____.
People making these videos are overwhelmingly thin, young, able-bodied and white. There is a complete lack of body _____29_____. And this encourages harmful comparisons to unrealistic body standards that are _____30_____ to the vast majority of people. Therefore, those of us from marginalized communities are once again unable to see positive representations of our varying bodies, foods and cultural representation in these harmful posts.”
16．A．views B．statements C．analyses D．identities
17．A．emphasized B．simplified C．requested D．intended
18．A．moral B．scientific C．potential D．instant
19．A．modern B．staged C．educational D．labelled
20．A．prioritize B．commercialize C．recognize D．exchange
21．A．promoting B．representing C．spoiling D．perfecting
22．A．welfare B．equality C．desirability D．justice
23．A．individual B．instinctive C．restrictive D．changeable
24．A．attracting B．seeking C．losing D．offering
25．A．fixed B．balanced C．relaxing D．demanding
26．A．reader B．advertiser C．browser D．poster
27．A．Therefore B．Finally C．Additionally D．Meanwhile
28．A．lose weight B．share interests C．assume burden D．make contributions
29．A．language B．diversity C．warmth D．response
30．A．available B．predictable C．inadequate D．unachievable
Osley Cook, a music teacher, has worked in education for 27 years and he knows how to help his students learn. He used to ____31____ the emails for digital teaching tools that appeared in his inbox. However, the coronavirus pandemic ____32____ Cook to adapt, adopting some of those same digital tools in order to facilitate remote and hybrid learning(混合式学习). And even after ____33____ to in-person instruction, he’s welcoming new technology, like a smart classroom camera system.
“When I’m teaching a mixed class, if I walk over to percussion(打击乐), then the camera ____34____ me, meaning whoever is watching on the digital side can see the entire lesson going on.” Cook says. Actually when it comes to change, Cook isn’t ___35___. Education is changing in many ways.
Parents Are Becoming “Co-teachers”
____36____ redefined traditional borders between school and home. Educators had to cooperate with parents like never before, creating a “co-teacher system.” Research shows that parents can have a positive influence on academic achievement by supporting learning at home, especially ____37____ low-income students. “This year, it felt more like a team. Parents were more ____38____ to listen to what you have to say. And several were much more vocal with helping me to help their child.” says Melissa, an elementary-school teacher.
Education Is Becoming More ____39____
Consisting of more than 14,000 school districts across 50 states, the American primary-education system is extensive, diverse, and decentralized. In normal times, all of that works against rapid _____40_____. But the pandemic proved that educators can act quickly and creatively when _____41_____ to do so.
At Rolling Hills Elementary School, principal Cherish Pip organized an event in which roughly 120 students and their families drove through the school’s parking lot to collect books and take-home activities. “Our high-school band came to play. We had our mascot (吉祥物)there. It was just _____42_____” he says.
Educators now see an opportunity to release the “enormous _____43_____ for innovation that is inactive in many education systems.” That means addressing the socioeconomic inequalities that _____44_____ affect academic and social outcomes; repairing aging buildings and facilities; offering more services to students in need.
For many educators, education is changing. They can’t go back, for that’s just not a(n) _____45_____.
31．A．answer B．ignore C．receive D．forward
32．A．cautioned B．forced C．tempted D．guided
33．A．responding B．opposing C．returning D．sticking
34．A．freezes B．transmits C．removes D．follows
35．A．alone B．apart C．alike D．away
36．A．Exposures B．Locations C．Closures D．Expansions
37．A．in the light of B．in the hope of C．in the case of D．in combination with
38．A．careful B．optimistic C．reluctant D．willing
39．A．Temporary B．Flexible C．Compulsory D．Predictable
40．A．campaign B．change C．assembly D．resistance
41．A．authorized B．reminded C．forbidden D．guaranteed
42．A．festive B．normal C．noisy D．dizzy
43．A．appeal B．demand C．potential D．evidence
44．A．positively B．mechanically C．subjectively D．negatively
45．A．parallel B．option C．initiative D．reference
Farmers around the world face serious challenges in growing food more effectively. Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi (真菌), and bacteria. So to manage the threat, farms are turning to artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and computer vision to target pests more ____46____.
In 2019 the United Nations reported on the pest ____47____ causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year. Damage from plant diseases, it said, costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually, and invasive insects around $70 billion.
Smart farming is one way to combat the problem, using AI and robotics to kill bugs and reduce reliance on pesticides while ____48____ skilled worker shortages and adapting to climate change. Technologies include soil and crop sensors, satellite and drone monitoring, plus computer vision and AI data analysis to reduce the number of affected plants and increase crop ____49____.
Insect monitoring services like the UK’s Spotta offer ____50____ real-time data on invasive species. The company uses internet-connected dry traps to catch red palm weevils (象鼻虫) that attack date palms, causing more than $1 billion of losses in the Middle East, Africa, and North America each year.
Traps alert plantation workers to trees infested (寄生)with weevils so they can eliminate them before they cause any real damage. And this targeted approach means less pesticide is used, ____51____ the impact on other species.
____52____, the Californian agriculture technology startup FarmSense uses visual sensors and machine learning algorithms (算法) trained to find and track insects in real-time. With non-native invasive insect species ____53____ to increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050, these technologies could give farmers a huge advantage in eco-friendly pest control and food growing.
Precision spot spraying linked to AI is another valuable add-on that aims to ____54____ pesticide and herbicide use. Spraying entire crops can harm insect pollinators (传花粉者)like bees and becomes part of agricultural run-off when it is washed out of soil. But targeting weeds or insects using cameras and directed sprays can vastly reduce ____55____ use.
In the Czech Republic, scientists at Mendel University in Brno have built a sample robot that patrols greenhouses and can identify the different ____56____ of insect growth. It then ____57____ just enough insecticide to kill individual pests, working 24 hours a day to keep things under control.
Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the future of farming. In the case of 80 Acres, its pesticide-free indoor farms are ____58____ by AI every step of the way. Robots do a lot of the work and computer vision lets them know if crops need more nutrients or if pests are causing ____59____.
Their efforts are part of what analysts say will be a $2.6 billion AI-farming market by 2025. Reimagining how farming operates will be crucial says the World Bank – reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss. And technology will play its part in helping farmers improve their all-around crop ____60____.
46．A．effectively B．temporarily C．desperately D．enthusiastically
47．A．mystery B．burden C．control D．challenge
48．A．conducting B．strengthening C．employing D．addressing
49．A．fields B．diseases C．yields D．sensors
50．A．targeted B．enlarged C．analysed D．downloaded
51．A．increasing B．having C．reducing D．measuring
52．A．Generally B．Similarly C．Hopefully D．Unfortunately
53．A．forecast B．growth C．cultivation D．migration
54．A．make B．direct C．instruct D．minimize
55．A．valuable B．physical C．chemical D．scientific
56．A．stages B．types C．species D．options
57．A．submits B．applies C．reduces D．produces
58．A．constructed B．demonstrated C．monitored D．managed
59．A．threat B．treatment C．evolution D．damage
60．A．association B．cultivation C．measurement D．management
Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics. But she is ____61____ as the first women’s luge (无舵雪橇) Olympian from Ireland. She was the 26th to ____62____ the line in the first run of the women’s race on Monday night, ____63____ than any of the other athletes, which did not ____64____ her. She celebrated with a large smile on her face.
Although she did not win in Beijing, she has already won some ____65____. She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start ____66____ at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) ____67____ job with competing in a sport. The biggest difficulty simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization. So, she ____68____ one herself; she had to ____69____.
And now, ____70____, she is a luge Olympian. “I’m a doctor in general surgery, I have all these really visible challenges, but I think everyone has worked as ____71____ as they can to be here.” She has delayed parts of her job to compete in the Olympics, but her ____72____ gave her the time off. And her co-workers are becoming big luge fans, extremely proud of her.
Desmond has ____73____ two demanding jobs: sliding a few months out of the year and living a life in medicine. There was a(n) ____74____ last season when she had to take important medical examinations in hotels in Germany where other sliders were staying. “I had to ____75____ signs on my door saying ‘Do not disturb, exam in ____76____’ in about six different languages.”
Desmond got the ____77____ of representing her country in Beijing, and being one of two people ____78____ Ireland’s flag during the opening ceremony on Friday. “I don’t think I can ____79____ words how excited I was to lead out the team. I really hope that I can make my country ____80____.”
61．A．visiting B．studying C．leading D．competing
62．A．break B．cross C．follow D．draw
63．A．slower B．tougher C．faster D．easier
64．A．upset B．mean C．threaten D．matter
65．A．diseases B．challenges C．operations D．companions
66．A．swimming. B．sliding C．sailing D．running
67．A．financial B．athletic C．medical D．educational
68．A．started B．stopped C．continued D．joined
69．A．self-respect B．self-discipline C．self-fund D．self-save
70．A．privately B．traditionally C．similarly D．officially
71．A．hard B．apart C．steadily D．quietly
72．A．family B．country C．team D．hospital
73．A．completed B．escaped C．balanced D．refused
74．A．injury B．time C．responsibility D．chance
75．A．stick B．nail C．translate D．prepare
76．A．peace B．need C．progress D．public
77．A．permission B．passion C．inspiration D．honor
78．A．holding B．raising C．preparing D．storing
79．A．put down B．put into C．get in D．get by
80．A．stable B．sacred C．strong D．proud
There are two stories about “One for all, all for one” in Shanghai.
More and more foreigners not only come to Shanghai for a visit, but also live in the communities as a part of Chinese stories fighting ____81____ the COVID-19.
Early in the morning, Andrew, an American resident of Pudong community starts to work as a community ____82____ to help the guards ____83____ the people who enter and write down their ____84____. Sometimes he helps ____85____ parcels to the neighbors who are under self-isolation.
“I am learning so much from this ____86____ and from the kindness that the Chinese people have shown me. I urge everyone to help your community to fight the ____87____ if you have a chance. We are going to get through these ____88____ times together and become ____89____ than we have ever been.”
In the meanwhile, Catherine, another social worker from the same _____90_____ begins her second task as an _____91_____ for the doctors, providing medical _____92_____ for a family who just flew back from France. Usually, the whole _____93_____ takes just over half an hour, with countless 3-way back and forth _____94_____ in two different languages and also, a lot of paperwork to read. Interpreting is no _____95_____ task. On top of that, she has to stand there while wearing uncomfortable _____96_____ clothing. But in the end, knowing she is making a _____97_____ for her fellow foreigners gets her through the day.
At the regular neighborhood committee meeting in Pudong community, a social worker _____98_____ a thank-you video from a South Korean who just _____99_____ his14-day quarantine(隔离期). It is moments like this that make them feel all the hard work is _____100_____.
81．A．about B．over C．against D．for
82．A．officer B．volunteer C．guard D．friend
83．A．take temperatures of B．take advantage of C．take an interest in D．take pride in
84．A．determination B．information C．advice D．plans
85．A．sell B．offer C．apply D．deliver
86．A．experience B．visit C．affair D．progress
87．A．regulation B．virus C．conflict D．isolation
88．A．exciting B．interesting C．tough D．simple
89．A．healthier B．happier C．stronger D．cleverer
90．A．school B．family C．supermarket D．community
91．A．inspector B．accountant C．interpreter D．actress
92．A．consultation B．websites C．fare D．books
93．A．treatment B．process C．discussion D．invitation
94．A．deals B．presentation C．exchanges D．influence
95．A．popular B．hard C．boring D．easy
96．A．protective B．casual C．old D．traditional
97．A．choice B．difference C．decision D．promise
98．A．shoots B．recognizes C．shares D．enjoys
99．A．started B．declared C．continued D．finished
100．A．worthwhile B．attractive C．valueless D．competitive
The fourth-graders walk up to a mirror — one after another — at a school in southwest Atlanta.
“I’m a good person!” a boy ___101___ a face mask adds.
Another boy follows, “I’m strong and ___102___,” before hurriedly walking away. In the background, their teacher, Acker, holds up the mirror in front of the kids and ___103___ them on. “Yes! Louder! Love it!” she calls out.
Acker teaches science at Gideons Elementary School, and she’s on a ___104___ to boost her students’ confidence and ___105___. The kids returned to school this month after a year of virtual learning, and said their ___106___ words every morning before class starts.
Acker ___107___ this with her 5-year-old daughter since she developed verbal language skills, and loved how they both felt ___108___. “The best part about doing the affirmations is the feeling after I say them,” Acker says. “And the feeling I see my students feel or that they ___109___ after they do it. Their attitude is better, their self-confidence is ____110____ and we have a better day.”
Mental health issues are ____111____ among children nationwide as they struggle with ____112____, uncertainty and pandemic. Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health. For kids, some experts say, it has become a(n) ____113____.
And more so this year, kids “need all of the kindness and compassion we can ____114____,” says Dr. Marcuetta, a psychologist.
Children develop their ____115____ based on how grown-ups speak to them, making teachers a key influence and positive affirmation a crucial first step, she adds.
101．A．playing B．wearing C．making D．finding
102．A．mean B．indifferent C．independent D．common
103．A．keeps B．fixes C．calls D．cheers
104．A．promise B．mission C．way D．permission
105．A．self-love B．sympathy C．self-discipline D．wisdom
106．A．surprising B．positive C．unique D．unreliable
107．A．denied B．shared C．practiced D．concluded
108．A．afterward B．forward C．eventually D．initially
109．A．express B．reply C．create D．question
110．A．suspected B．checked C．lifted D．separated
111．A．rising B．improving C．moving D．leading
112．A．personality B．imagination C．curiosity D．anxiety
113．A．opportunity B．success C．choice D．crisis
114．A．think B．offer C．rid D．hide
115．A．languages B．arguments C．doubts D．beliefs
Winter plunged Eastern Canada into a deep freeze. We sat at home, waiting for the COVID-19 cases to decrease and for the weather to ____116____. We all dreamed of what we would do when we could ____117____ go outside.
Each of us looked forward to something to keep us ____118____ the isolation: seeing friends, eating in restaurants, watching a movie at a cinema… My hope has quietly been gathering ____119____ in the garage since November. She is getting old, with more replacement parts than originals. But with all bike stores being low on new models, she is all I have.
On my bike, I’m ____120____, free from gas tanks or batteries; as long as I’m ____121____ and eating, I can ____122____ to the ends of Earth if I want. No obstacle is impassable. ____123____ roads mean nothing: there is a(n) ____124____ to weave between cars in traffic. This _____125_____ of freedom means even more to me with the experience of lockdown.
Every few years I _____126_____ a new ache or pain. I am starting to get _____127_____. I can’t cycle as fast as I used to. But every time I encounter a hill, I don’t give up. I never want to _____128_____ this sense of freedom. I’m waiting for that first warm day when the pandemic walls _____129_____. I want to put on my _____130_____ and for one brief, beautiful moment, be free again.
116．A．hold B．improve C．continue D．break
117．A．secretly B．recently C．finally D．hurriedly
118．A．going through B．bringing in C．turning to D．getting across
119．A．strength B．fun C．speed D．dust
120．A．restricted B．limitless C．mindless D．frozen
121．A．strong B．satisfied C．alive D．wealthy
122．A．cycle B．run C．walk D．drive
123．A．Crowded B．Remote C．Narrow D．Deserted
124．A．difficulty B．excitement C．shock D．adjustment
125．A．permission B．application C．absence D．memory
126．A．save B．add C．offer D．set
127．A．grateful B．ready C．old D．casual
128．A．lose B．feel C．find D．test
129．A．rise B．appear C．collapse D．stand
130．A．suit B．trousers C．slippers D．helmet
Beijing normally doesn’t have much snow in winter, so artificial snow is being used at venues for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, with the quality of the white snow drawing ____131____ from many athletes, and even officials. Artificial snow gives the courses a better and more ____132____ quality.
“This is by far the best man-made snow I’ve ever ____133____ on,” American freestyle skier Ashley Caldwell said at a ____134____ conference. After receiving ____135____ from many athletes through the training period and first days of ____136____, Kit McConnell, sports director of the International Olympic Committee, said the participants ____137____ the artificial snow is outstanding. “The focus is on doing this in a sustainable way, and also ____138____ the athletes have an outstanding field of play on which to ____139____ at the Olympic level,” McConnell said.
Russi, chairman of the International Ski Federation’s alpine committee, also a former Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer and one of the course _____140_____ of the Yanqing National Alpine Skiing Center in Beijing, told China Central Television: “I think for the skiers the course we designed is just like paradise.” “Although sometimes _____141_____ with natural snow, artificial snow has _____142_____ been used in competitions in the past five to 10 years,” he added.
On November 7, during the _____143_____ for the Games, Chongli District in Zhangjiakou _____144_____ its first snowfall this winter. But the 20-centimeter-thick snow was _____145_____ up, because it would be more _____146_____ to use natural snow as it _____147_____ more easily and brings safety risks.
However, there are _____148_____ regarding the environmental hazards of using so much water for snow-making. The snow machines at Beijing 2022 have _____149_____ used renewable energy since the beginning of snow production. “For water from melted snow, we have a reservoir and two lakes which can _____150_____ it so that it can then be used for agriculture, irrigation, tourism and landscaping.”
131．A．attention B．praise C．response D．effort
132．A．active B．possible C．stable D．valuable
133．A．played B．skied C．worked D．stood
134．A．press B．term C．firm D．office
135．A．news B．letter C．feedback D．argument
136．A．stay B．break C．attempt D．competition
137．A．complain B．predict C．guess D．believe
138．A．ensuring B．refusing C．leading D．forcing
139．A．finish B．compete C．fetch D．advance
140．A．leader B．director C．athlete D．designer
141．A．mixed B．compared C．finished D．helped
142．A．exactly B．mostly C．partly D．rarely
143．A．ending B．beginning C．preparation D．admission
144．A．gave B．raised C．rose D．saw
145．A．bought B．made C．cleaned D．used
146．A．dangerous B．proper C．secure D．beautiful
147．A．cheers up B．turns down C．falls off D．keeps back
148．A．points B．concerns C．senses D．doubts
149．A．completely B．extremely C．slightly D．fairly
150．A．dry B．clean C．feed D．store
When an infectious disease broke out and supermarket shelves were ____151____, Daniel and Nancy decided they no longer wanted to ____152____ others for food. The couple decided to start a year-long ____153____ where they wouldn’t buy a single thing to eat. ____154____, they would grow, raise or catch everything.
Daniel said, “It is something that we have wanted to do. When the disease ____155____, it gave us that extra ____156____. At that time we were both ____157____, and that gave us even more motivation to see if we could ____158____ ourselves.” The pair built a house for chickens and ducks and studied online about where they would get all the things they needed. Daniel adds, “We had to learn so many new things like how to grow mushrooms and ____159____ salt from the ocean.”
Now after five months, they both feel well but Daniel _____160_____ the first few weeks were difficult as their bodies adjusted to _____161_____ coffee, wine and sugar all on the same day,” he says. “After three weeks our energy levels balanced out and our wishes _____162_____ and now we feel great.” Now February has come to a(n) _____163_____. As they survive winter, they feel _____164_____ about continuing with this way of living, with their challenge _____165_____ ending in August.
151．A．dusty B．empty C．firm D．full
152．A．look for B．come across C．run after D．rely on
153．A．charity B．challenge C．construction D．research
154．A．However B．Instead C．Therefore D．Besides
155．A．hit B．dropped C．failed D．went
156．A．burden B．faith C．push D．excuse
157．A．confused B．unconcerned C．occupied D．unemployed
158．A．teach B．protect C．feed D．control
159．A．supply B．save C．invent D．harvest
160．A．admits B．argues C．doubts D．denies
161．A．demanding B．quitting C．changing D．consuming
162．A．reduced B．returned C．existed D．doubled
163．A．head B．stop C．end D．point
164．A．positive B．worried C．regretful D．bored
165．A．usually B．bitterly C．merely D．Officially















参考答案：
1．D
2．A
3．B
4．A
5．C
6．D
7．B
8．C
9．A
10．C
11．D
12．B
13．B
14．A
15．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在发展人工智能中可能会出现的各种偏见。
1．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的成熟，人们越来越远离对系统的独特编程和监控，未知的偏见可能会让决策持续很长时间，对个人和社会造成意想不到的伤害。A. theoretical理论上的；B. psychological心理的；C. disproportionate不成比例的；D. unintended非计划的。根据前文“ unidentified bias might make decisions continue for a long time”可推断未知的偏见可能引起意想不到的伤害。故选D项。
2．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种偏见可能来自输入数据，甚至是算法本身。A. arise from产生于；B. contribute to贡献；C. take over接管；D. make up和解。根据前文“ unidentified bias might make decisions continue for a long time”以及后文“input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.”可知，上文提到未知的偏见，本句应该是讨论偏见可能产生的原因。故选A项。
3．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，数据集是不完整的，数据集中所代表的样本与人工智能模型所预测的人群不匹配——这被称为覆盖偏见。A. inspire激励；B. match相配；C. protect保护；D. restrict妨碍。根据后文“this is known as coverage bias”可知是有偏差的，可推断数据是不匹配的才产生偏差。故选B项。
4．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与输入数据相关的其他一些类型的偏见包括抽样偏见，其中数据不是随机从目标群体收集的，以及参与偏见，其中某些群体的用户退出调查的比例不同于其他群体的用户。A. quit退出；B. administer管理；C. compare比较；D. analyze分析。根据后文“at different rates than users from other groups”可知和其他组的比率不同，可推知有人退出了调查，导致比率不同。故选A项。
5．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，另一个更具挑战性的偏见是确认偏见，它发生在决策者或分析师有一个强大的原始信念或经验，影响他们考虑替代方案的能力。A. distinct不同的；B. predictable可预测的；C. original原来的；D. widespread普遍的。根据后文“This could lead one to more strongly 　 6　　data that confirms a preexisting belief.”可知这可能会导致一个已经存在的信念，可推知本句应该是有强大的原始信念。故选C项。
6．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能会导致一个人更倾向于确认一个已经存在的信念的数据。A. restore修复；B. imply意味着；C. miss错过；D. favor喜爱。根据前文“Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong 　　5　　belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives.” 可知决策者或分析师一个强大的原始信念，会使他们倾向于最喜爱的数据。故选D项。
7．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人工智能算法本身产生的偏见，或算法偏见，同样危险。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. dangerous危险的；C. relevant相关的；D. ridiculous荒唐的。根据前文“unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause 　　　1　　　 harm for individuals and society”可知，偏见会引起伤害，这是危险的。故选B项。
8．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：算法偏见的一个例子是内隐偏见或无意识偏见，数据科学家根据影响数据建模决策的心理模型和记忆无意识地做出关联或假设。A. intentionally有意地；B. temporarily暂时；C. automatically无意识地；D. appropriately适当地。根据前文“One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias”可知后文是在解释unconscious bias，所以应该是科学家无意识地关联和假设。故选C项。
9．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：内隐偏见会影响数据收集和分类的方式，也会影响系统的设计和开发。A. influence影响；B. help帮助；C. attract吸引；D. predict预测。根据后文“As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people.”可知算法本身的偏见是会产生影响的。故选A项。
10．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有道德的人工智能必须了解这些影响，并创建治理和测试方法，以解决错误和不准确性。A. admit承认；B. define定义；C. address设法解决；D. publicize宣传。根据前文“Ethical AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods”可根据句意推知，应是找到方法解决错误。故选C项。
11．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了创造合乎道德的人工智能，公司需要把个人的需求放在数据创新的中心。A. belongings财物；B. expressions表情；C. characteristics特征；D. needs需要。根据后文“This means thinking about 　　12　　rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.”可知需要考虑到我们怎么使用AI，所以应该把个人需要放在数据创新的中心。故选D项。
12．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要将数字权利视为人权，并开发一种全面的数据方法，包括我们如何使用人工智能。A. civil公民的；B. digital数字的；C. legal合法的；D. natural自然的。根据前文“To create ethical AI”可知，此处讲的是AI，所以应该是将数字权利视为人权。故选B项。
13．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为AI提供负责任的数据实践意味着拥有良好的AI治理。A. frequent频繁的；B. responsible负责的；C. peculiar特有的；D. graceful优雅的。根据后文“Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency”可知良好的人工智能治理包括数据责任，所以应该是负责任的数据。故选B项。
14．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种治理不仅关注数据和分析，还了解任何给定分析的影响，并确保其公平和准确。A. fair公平的；B. quick快的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. adequate充足的。根据后文“Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency”可知良好的人工智能治理包括对透明度的承诺，所以应该是公平的。故选A项。
15．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在偏见成为破坏性力量之前，通过团结起来，现在就着手解决这个问题，企业可以帮助发掘出人工智能为世界提供的最好的东西。A. leading主要的；B. innovative革新的；C. cultural文化的；D. destructive破坏(或毁灭)性的。根据前文“unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause 　　　1　　　 harm for individuals and society”可知偏见对人和社会都有害，所以是成为破坏性的力量。故选D项。
16．A
17．D
18．C
19．B
20．A
21．A
22．C
23．C
24．B
25．B
26．D
27．C
28．A
29．B
30．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抖音段视频“每天吃什么”的流行和它引发的问题。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但另一个趋势——“每天吃什么”——正在主导抖音，其浏览量已接近90亿次。A. views观点，观看；B. statements声明；C. analyses分析；D. identities身份。根据上文“TikTok”和“But another trend”可知，本段讲的是抖音段视频上的新趋势，结合“nearing 9 billion”可推知，这里说的是浏览量，观看量。故选A项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管“每天吃什么”发布的内容可能旨在为其他人提供健康的启发，但越来越多的人认为，这些记录日常饮食的视频日记可能弊大于利，尤其是在年轻女孩或有饮食失调史的人当中。A. emphasized强调；B. simplified简化；C. requested要求；D. intended打算，想要。根据“to serve as healthy inspiration for others”和“will likely do more harm than good”可知，为其他人提供健康的启发是最初的目的或打算，但事与愿违，结果与打算不一样。故选D项。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些发布内容传递的潜在信息是，如果你像他们一样吃东西，那么你最终会像他们一样。A. moral有道德的；B. scientific科学的；C. potential潜在的；D. instant立刻的。根据上文可知，“每天吃什么”发布的是记录日常饮食的视频，结合句中“message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them.”可知，这些视频会让人们认为“你像他们一样吃东西，那么你最终会像他们一样”，这是这些发布内容传递的潜在信息。故选C项。
19．考查形容词义辨析。句意：然而，别人一天吃什么并不意味着它就适合你，因为这些“筹划的”的视频并不能完全准确地反映一个人通常吃什么。A. modern现代的；B. staged组织的，筹划的；C. educational教育的；D. labelled贴上标签的。结合常识和句中“not a completely accurate representation of what someone typically eats.”可知，抖音上发布视频是经过筹划的，并不能真实准确地反应真实情况。故选B项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，过于程式化的饮食并没有优先考虑营养充足的饮食。A. prioritize优先考虑；B. commercialize使商业化；C. recognize认识；D. exchange交换。结合选项和“overly stylized (程式化) meals”可推知，过于程式化的饮食不会首先考虑营养问题。故选A项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发布内容在宣扬理想的饮食和理想的身材。A. promoting推销，促进；B. representing代表；C. spoiling损坏；D. perfecting完美，完善。根据句中“illusion (幻想) of an ideal day of eating”和“ideal body size”可推知，“每天吃什么”发布的内容是在推销它关于饮食和身材的理想概念。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更年轻的观众，尤其是女孩和年轻女性，内化了这样的信息：她们必须像这些创作者一样吃，以实现和保持健康，以及社会吸引力。A. welfare幸福；B. equality平等；C. desirability吸引力，欲求；D. justice公平。根据上文“The posts are 　　6　　the illusion (幻想) of an ideal day of eating, along with an ideal body size.”可知，“每天吃什么”发布的内容是在推销它关于饮食和身材的理想概念，所以年青女孩会认为这样做不仅可以保持健康，还可以保持好身材，提升社会吸引力。故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种趋势最大的危害是它使紊乱的或限制性的饮食行为正常化。A. individual单独的；B. instinctive本能的；C. restrictive限制(性)的；D. changeable可改变的。根据“normalizes”可知，下文所说饮食行为是非正常的，与“disordered”是同一类别，结合选项，应选择使用“restrictive”作定语，表示将限制性的饮食行为正常化。故选C项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可以防碍患有饮食失调症的人寻求支持或治疗。A. attracting吸引；B. seeking寻找；C. losing失去；D. offering提供。根据“someone struggling with an eating disorder”和“support or treatment”可知，患有饮食失调症的人会寻求支持或治疗。故选B项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的发布内容展示的是均衡的饮食，但“像我一样吃，你就会像我一样”的潜台词是有害的，因为人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，即使他们完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物。A. fixed固定的；B. balanced平衡的；C. relaxing令人轻松的；D. demanding苛刻的。根据上文“Even though #whatieatinaday posts may be 　　2　　to serve as healthy inspiration for others”可知，“每天吃什么”的发布内容能为人们提供健康的启发，所以它展示的是均衡的饮食。故选B项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的发布内容展示的是均衡的饮食，但“像我一样吃，你就会像我一样”的潜台词是有害的，因为人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，即使他们完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物。A. reader读者；B. advertiser广告商；C. browser浏览器；D. poster海报，发帖人。根据下文“even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite”可知，这里说的拥有好身材的“每天吃什么”上的视频发布人。故选D项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，对一个人来说，健康、充足的一日三餐对另一个人来说可能是不充分和不满足的。A. Therefore因此；B. Finally终于；C. Additionally另外；D. Meanwhile与此同时。上文讲即使完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物，人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，下文“what might be a healthy, adequate day of satisfying meals for one person may be inadequate and unsatisfying to another.”讲到食物因人而异，适合别人的不一定适合你，上下文都是讲模仿“每天吃什么”的发布内容的不妥之处，是并列关系，用副词additionally。故选C项。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，看到这些发布内容的人可能会得出这样的结论：他们需要吃一半的量才能减肥。A. lose weight减肥；B. share interests利益共享；C. assume burden承担负担；D. make contributions做出贡献。根据句中“eating half”可推知，少吃是为了减肥。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：身体完全缺乏多样性。A. language语言；B. diversity多样性；C. warmth温暖；D. response反应。根据上文“People making these videos are overwhelmingly thin, young, able-bodied and white.”可知，制作视频的人都一个标准，身体缺乏多样性。故选B项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这助长了对不切实际的身体标准进行有害的比较，这对绝大多数人来说是无法达到的。A. available可用的；B. predictable可预测的；C. inadequate不充分的；D. unachievable不可实现的。根据“unrealistic body standards”可推知，这样的身体标准是不切实际的，对大多数人来说是不可实现的。故选D项。
31．B
32．B
33．C
34．D
35．A
36．C
37．C
38．D
39．B
40．B
41．A
42．A
43．C
44．D
45．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍疫情给教育带来的巨大变化，促使家长更多地参与教育也使得教育更加灵活。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他过去常常忽略收件箱里出现的电子教学工具的邮件。A. answer回复；B. ignore忽视；C. receive接收；D. forward发送。根据下文“However, the coronavirus pandemic ____2____ Cook to adapt, adopting some of those same digital tools in order to facilitate remote and hybrid learning(混合式学习).”可知，他以前根本不理会这些邮件。故选B。
32．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，冠状病毒大流行迫使库克适应，采用了一些相同的数字工具，以促进远程和混合式学习。A. cautioned注意；B. forced强迫；C. tempted怂恿；D. guided指导。根据空前的“the coronavirus pandemic”可知，是疫情迫使库克不得不适应。故选B。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在回归到面对面教学之后，他也很欢迎新技术，比如智能教室摄像系统。A. responding回复；B. opposing反对；C. returning返回；D. sticking刺入。根据上文可知，库克是在疫情期间选择远程教学，而空后的“in-person instruction”是原本的教学方式，所以是回归原本的教学方式。故选C。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我教一个男女混合的班级时，如果我走过去教打击乐，摄像机就会跟着我，这意味着通过数字设备观看的人可以看到整个课程。”库克说。A. freezes结冰；B. transmits传输；C. removes去除；D. follows跟随。根据下文的“meaning whoever is watching on the digital side can see the entire lesson going on.”可知，摄像机是跟着他，这样别人才能看到整个课程。故选D。
35．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，说到改变，库克并不孤单。A. alone独自；B. apart分开；C. alike相像；D. away远离。根据下文“Education is changing in many ways.”可知，有很多事物都在变化，所以说变化的不仅仅是库克，也就是他并不孤单。故选A。
36．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：封锁重新定义了学校和家庭之间的传统界限。A. Exposures暴露；B. Locations位置；C. Closures关闭、封锁；D. Expansions扩大。根据下文“Research shows that parents can have a positive influence on academic achievement by supporting learning at home”以及上文的疫情，可知这里指的是由于疫情被封锁在家。故选C。
37．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：研究表明，父母可以通过支持在家学习对学业成绩产生积极影响，尤其是对低收入家庭的学生来说。A. in the light of由于；B. in the hope of希望；C. in the case of至于、对……来说；D. in combination with与……结合。根据上文的“Research shows that parents can have a positive influence on academic achievement by supporting learning at home”可知，低收入家庭的孩子会尤其受益。故选C。
38．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“今年，我感觉更像一个团队。父母更愿意听你说什么。“还有一些人更愿意帮助我帮助他们的孩子。”小学老师梅丽莎说。A. careful仔细的；B. optimistic乐观；C. reluctant不情愿；D. willing乐意的。根据下文“And several were much more vocal with helping me to help their child.” says Melissa, an elementary-school teacher.”可知，父母乐意参与教育。故选D。
39．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教育变得更加灵活。A. Temporary暂时的；B. Flexible灵活的；C. Compulsory义务的、强制的；D. Predictable可预测的。根据下文“Consisting of more than 14,000 school districts across 50 states, the American primary-education system is extensive, diverse, and decentralized.”可知，教育方式更加灵活。故选B。
40．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在正常时期，所有这些都不利于快速变化。A. campaign活动；B. change改变；C. assembly集合；D. resistance抵制。根据上文“But the pandemic proved that educators can act quickly and creatively”可知，在疫情期间，美国初等教育的分散不利于快速变化。故选B。
41．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但疫情证明，教育工作者在得到授权后可以迅速和创造性地采取行动。A. authorized批准；B. reminded提醒；C. forbidden禁止；D. guaranteed保证 。根据上文可知，由于美国初等教育分散广布，所以不利于其发生快速变化，但是疫情期间，只要有授权，教育者就可以迅速行动。故选A。
42．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们高中的乐队来演出了。我们的吉祥物在那里。这就是节日气氛。”他说。A. festive喜庆的；B. normal正常的；C. noisy吵杂的；D. dizzy眩晕的。根据上文“Our high-school band came to play. We had our mascot (吉祥物)there.”可知，有了乐队和吉祥物，就有了节日的气氛。故选A。
43．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：教育工作者现在看到了一个机会，可以释放“在许多教育系统中缺乏的巨大创新潜力”。A. appeal吸引、呼吁；B. demand要求；C. potential可能性、潜力；D. evidence证据。根据下文“That means addressing the socioeconomic inequalities that ____14____ affect academic and social outcomes; repairing aging buildings and facilities; offering more services to students in need”可知，这都是解决一些问题的可能性。故选C。
44．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要解决对学术和社会结果产生负面影响的社会经济不平等问题；修复老化的建筑物和设施；为有需要的学生提供更多服务。A. positively积极地；B. mechanically机械地；C. subjectively主观地；D. negatively消极地、负面。根据上文“the socioeconomic inequalities”可知，社会经济不平等应该是产生负面影响。故选D。
45．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于许多教育工作者来说，教育正在发生变化。他们不能回去，因为那不是一个选择。A. parallel平行；B. option选择；C. initiative主动权；D. reference参考。根据上文“They can’t go back”可知，回去不是教育者的选择。故选B。
46．A
47．B
48．D
49．C
50．A
51．C
52．B
53．A
54．D
55．C
56．A
57．B
58．C
59．D
60．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地的农民在更有效地种植粮食方面面临严峻挑战，气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计算机视觉来更有效地清理害虫。
46．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计算机视觉来更有效地瞄准害虫。A.   effectively有效地；B.   temporarily暂时地；C. desperately绝望地；D. enthusiastically热情地。根据前文的“Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi, and bacteria. （气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。）”和第一句中的“effectively（有效地）”可知，农场想要更加有效地应对害虫带来的威胁。故选A项。
47．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019 年，联合国报告了每年造成全球产量 20% 至 40% 的作物损失的害虫负担。A. mystery神秘；B. burden负担；C. control控制；D.   challenge挑战。根据后文的“causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year...costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually（每年造成全球产量的 20%至40% 的作物损失，每年给世界经济造成的损失估计为2200亿美元）”可知，害虫为农业生产带来了巨大的负担。故选B项。
48．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：智能农业是解决这一问题的一种方法，它使用人工智能和机器人技术来杀死虫子并减少对杀虫剂的依赖，同时解决技术工人短缺和适应气候变化的问题。A. conducting实施；B. strengthening增强；C. employing雇佣；D. addressing解决。根据前文的“combat the problem（解决问题）”可知，while后面表达的也是解决问题之意。故选D项。
49．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：技术包括了土壤和作物传感器、卫星和无人机监测，以及计算机视觉和人工智能数据分析，以减少受影响植物的数量并提高作物产量。 A. fields田地；B. diseases疾病；C. yields收益，产量；D. sensors感受器。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫导致作物产量降低，采取新技术手段是为了增加作物的产量。故选C项。
50．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国的 Spotta 等昆虫监测服务公司提供有针对性的入侵物种实时数据。 A. targeted有针对性的；B. enlarged扩大的；C. analysed分析的； D. downloaded下载的。根据下文的“this targeted approach means less pesticide is used（这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药）”可知，新方法能够有针对性地提供入侵物种的实时数据。故选A项。
51．
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 而这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药，减少对其他物种的影响。A. increasing增加；B. having拥有；C. reducing减少；D.   measuring测量。根据前文的“less pesticide is used（使用更少的农药）”可知，其他物种受到的影响会减少。故选C项。
52．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：类似地，加利福尼亚农业技术初创公司 FarmSense 使用经过训练的视觉传感器和机器学习算法来实时发现和跟踪昆虫。 A. Generally大体上；B. Similarly类似地；C. Hopefully充满希望地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据第5题的分析和后文的“find and track insects in real-time（实时查找和跟踪昆虫）”可知，两家公司都是采用新技术来应对害虫带来的威胁。故选B项。
53．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过预测，到 2050年全球非本地入侵昆虫物种将增加36%，这些技术可以为农民提供生态友好型害虫防治和粮食种植方面的巨大优势。A. forecast预测；B. growth生长；C. cultivation培养；D. migration移民。根据后文的“increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050（到2050年全球增长 36%）”可知，这是对非本地入侵昆虫物种的一种预测。故选A项。
54．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与人工智能相关的精确点喷是另一个有价值的附加功能，旨在最大限度地减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用。 A. make制作；B. direct指导；C. instruct命令；D. minimize减少。根据后文的“vastly reduce... use（大大减少……的使用）”可知，此处应该填入reduce的同义词。故选D项。
55．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是使用摄像头和定向喷雾瞄准杂草或昆虫可以大大减少化学品的使用。 A. valuable有价值的；B.   physical身体的；C. chemical化学的；D. scientific科学的。根据前文的“reduce pesticide and herbicide use（减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用）”可知，杀虫剂和除草剂都是化学药品。故选C项。
56．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在捷克共和国，布尔诺孟德尔大学的科学家们建造了一个样本机器人，它可以在温室中巡逻，并可以识别昆虫生长的不同阶段。A.   stages阶段；B. types种类；C.   species物种；D. options选择。根据后文的“insect growth（昆虫生长）”可知，这是一个过程，它自然分为不同的阶段。故选A项。
57．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，它使用足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫，每天 24 小时工作以控制昆虫的乘长。 A. submits提交；B. applies申请，使用，应用；C. reduces减少；D. produces生产。根据后文的“enough insecticide to kill individual pests（足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫）”可知，机器人使用杀虫剂杀死害虫。故选B项。
58．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：以 80 英亩为例，其无农药室内农场的每一步都有 AI 监控。A. constructed建设；B. demonstrated示范；C. monitored监测；D. managed设法做成。根据前文的“Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the future of farming. （Root AI 和 80 Acres Farms 等公司将室内种植和人工智能控制系统视为农业的未来。）”可知，这些公司使用人工智能技术来监控农业生产。故选C项。
59．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：机器人做了很多工作，计算机视觉让它们知道农作物是否需要更多的营养，或者害虫是否正在造成损害。 A. threat威胁； B. treatment对待；C. evolution演化；D. damage损害。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫带来的是损害。故选D项。
60．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技将发挥作用，帮助农民全面提高作物管理水平。A. association联系；B. cultivation培养；C. measurement测量；D. management经营，管理。根据前文的“reimagining how farming operates（重新构想农业的运作方式）”可知，这是与农场的经营管理有关的。故选D项。
61．D
62．B
63．A
64．A
65．B
66．B
67．C
68．A
69．C
70．D
71．A
72．D
73．C
74．B
75．A
76．C
77．D
78．A
79．B
80．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了爱尔兰的一名普外科医生Elsa Desmond以爱尔兰的第一名无舵雪橇奥运女选手的身份参加了北京冬奥会，尽管在第一场角逐中就已经排在第26位，但是她并没有灰心，依旧满心欢喜。因为在此之前，她已经克服了种种困难，如平衡医生工作和滑雪、创办自筹经费滑雪组织等，最终才能参加冬奥会。在北京冬奥会的开幕式上，她作为国家的旗手代表祖国入场，让祖国为她感到骄傲。
61．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她作为第一位来自爱尔兰的女子无舵雪橇奥运选手参加了北京冬奥会。A. visiting拜访，游览；B. studying学习 ；C. leading领导；D. competing参赛。根据上文“Elsa Desmond knows she is not going to win a medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics.”(艾尔莎·德斯蒙德知道她不会在北京冬奥会上获得奖牌。)可知，她是作为第一位来自爱尔兰的女子无舵雪橇奥运选手来参加冬奥会。故选D.
62．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在周一晚上的第一轮女子比赛中，她是第26个冲过终点线的运动员，比其他任何运动员都慢。A. break打破；B. cross越过；C. follow眼随；D. draw吸引。根据“the line in the first run of the women’s race”可知，Elsa参加比赛，尽管落后于任何其他选手，但是冲过终点线，排名第26。故选B项。
63．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. slower更慢的；B. more difficult更困难的；C. faster更快的；D. easier更简单的。根据她的名次可知，她比别的选手滑得慢，故选A项。
64．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在周一晚上的第一轮女子比赛中，她是第26个冲过终点线的运动员，尽管比其他任何运动员都慢，但是这并没有让她感到失落。A. upset失落；B. mean意味着；C. threaten威胁；D. matter起作用，要紧。下文“She celebrated with a large smile on her face.”(她满怀喜悦地庆祝。)可知，尽管比赛成绩不如别人，她还是满怀喜悦地庆祝，可知第26的名次并没有让她感到失落。故选A项。
65．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她不会在北京获胜，但她已经战胜了一些挑战。A. diseases疾病；B. challenges挑战；C. operation操作，手术；D. companions同伴。根据下文的“She had been given many reasons why she could not compete: she is too short, she did not start 　　6　　 at a young age, and she could not balance a(n) 　　7　　 job with competing in a sport.”（人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的由：她太矮了，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的，她无法在医疗工作和参加体育比赛之间取得平衡，最大的困难可能是爱尔兰没有雪橇组织）可知，她在此之前，面临并且克服了很多的困难挑战，才得以最终参加冬奥会。故选B项。
66．
查动词词义辨析。句意：人们给了她许多不能参加比赛的理由：她太矮了，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的，她无法在医疗工作和参加体育比赛之间取得平衡。A. swimming游泳；B. sliding滑；C. sailing航行；D. running跑步。从上文可知，Elsa Desmond参加的奥运项是无舵滑雪可知，她不是从小就开始滑雪橇的。故选B项。
67．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. financial经济的；B. athletic运动的；C. medical医疗的；D. educational教育的。根据下一段第二句“I’m a doctor in general surgery.”（我是一名普通外科医生）可知，她是从事医学方面的工作。故选C项。
68．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，她自己创办了一家（雪橇组织），她不得不自筹资金。A. started创立；B. stopped停止；C. continued继续；D. joined加入。上文中“The biggest difficulty simply might have been that Ireland did not have a luge organization.”(最大的困难可能是爱尔兰没有无舵雪橇组织。)可知，因为爱尔兰没有此类组织，只能她自己创办。故选A。
69．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. self-respect自尊；B. self-discipline自律；C. self-fund个人出资，自筹资金；D. self-save自救。根据语境可知，既然她自己创办了这个组织，她就得自筹资金，故选C项。
70．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，她正式地成为奥运会无舵雪橇选手。A. privately私下地；B. traditionally传统上地；C. similarly相似地；D. officially正式地，官方地。根据下文“Desmond got the 　　17　　 of representing her country in Beijing,”(她获得了代表爱尔兰参加北京奥运会的荣誉。）可知，她在北京代表她的国家，因此她就是爱尔兰的正式的奥运选手，故选D。
71．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我是一名普通外科医生，我有所有这些显而易见的挑战，但我认为每个人都尽了最大努力才来到这里。A. hard努力地；B. apart分开地；C. steadily稳步地；D. quietly安静地。根据语境，尽管有各种可见的挑战，但是为了来到北京参加冬奥会，每个人都竭尽了全力。故选A。
72．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了参加奥运会，她已经推迟了部分工作，但她的医院允许她休假。A. family家庭；B. country国家；C. team小组；D. hospital医院。根据语境，她为了参加奥运会比赛推迟了部分医务工作可知，医院给了她休假的机会，才使她可以去参加冬奥会。故选D。
73．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Desmond要平衡两份要求很高的工作，一年中花几个月的时间滑雪橇，同时以行医为生。A．completed完成；B. escaped逃脱；C．balanced平衡；D．refused拒绝。根据下文中“There was a(n) 　　14　　 last season when she had to take important medical examinations”可知，在滑雪的时候还要兼顾工作，参加重要的医学考试。故选C。
74．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：上个赛季，曾几何时，她不得不在德国的酒店接受重要的考试，其他滑冰者都住在那里。A. injury伤；B. time时间，次数；C. responsibility责任；D. chance机会。There was a time when…意为“曾几何时”，符合句意。故选B。
75．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不在门上贴上大约六种语言的牌子，上面写着：请勿打扰，考试正在进行中。A. stick粘贴；B. nail钉住；C. translate翻译；D. prepare准备。根据signs on my door表明宾馆门上贴着牌子。故选A。
76．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. peace和平；B. need需要；C. progress进展；D. public公众。根据“Do not disturb”可知，考试在进行中，请不要打扰。in progress意为“进行中”。故选C。
77．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Desmond获得了代表爱尔兰参加北京奥运会的荣誉，并成为周五开幕式上两名持爱尔兰国旗的人之一。A. permission许可；B. passion热情；C. inspiration灵感；D. honor荣誉。根据常识可知，代表国家在开幕式当旗手领队，这是荣誉。故选D。
78．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. holding握住，持有；B. raising提升；C. preparing准备；D. storing储存。根据“Ireland’s flag during the opening ceremony”可知，旗手是握着旗杆，高举旗帜进入会场。故选A。
79．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想我无法用语言来表达我带领团队的兴奋之情。A. put down放下，写下；B. put into用......表达；C. get in进入；D. get through通过。根据语境，Desmond在开幕式时是爱尔兰的国旗手，所以很激动，无法用言语来描述。短语put...into words，意为：用语言表达.....，符合题意。.故选B。
80．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的希望我能让我的国家感到骄傲。A. disappointed失望的；B. sacred神圣的；C. ashamed感到羞愧的；D. proud自豪的。第一次参加冬运会的Desmond作为国家的旗手，应该是使整个国家为之自豪的。故选D。
81．C
82．B
83．A
84．B
85．D
86．A
87．B
88．C
89．C
90．D
91．C
92．A
93．B
94．C
95．D
96．A
97．B
98．C
99．D
100．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了上海两个“我为人人，人人为我”的故事。
81．考查介词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的外国人不仅来上海参观，也来到上海的社区生活，谱写中国抗击新冠肺炎的故事。A. about关于；B. over悬在……上面；C. against反对；D. for为了。fight against“与……作斗争”是固定搭配，符合句意。故选C项。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一大清早，居住在浦东社区的美国人Andrew就开始了社区志愿者的工作，他帮助保安测量进入的人的体温，并记录他们的信息。A. officer官员；B. volunteer志愿者；C. guard卫兵；D. friend朋友。根据语境和后文“to help the guards 　　3　　 the people who enter and write down their 　　4　　”和“Sometimes he helps 　　5　　 parcels to the neighbors who are under self-isolation.”可知，Andrew开始做志愿者。故选B项。
83．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一大清早，居住在浦东社区的美国人Andrew就开始了社区志愿者的工作，他帮助保安测量进入的人的体温，并记录他们的信息。A. take temperatures of测量体温；B. take advantage of利用；C. take an interest in对……感兴趣；D. take pride in以……自豪。根据抗疫常识及后文“the people who enter”可知，他帮助保安给进来的人测量体温。故选A项。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一大清早，居住在浦东社区的美国人Andrew就开始了社区志愿者的工作，他帮助保安测量进入的人的体温，并记录他们的信息。A. determination决心；B. information信息；C. advice建议；D. plans计划。根据抗疫常识和前文“write down”可知，他帮忙记录个人信息。故选B项。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时他还会帮处于自我隔离状态的邻居送包裹。A. sell出售；B. offer提供；C. apply申请，应用；D. deliver递送。根据语境和后文“parcels to the neighbors who are under self-isolation”可知，他帮忙递送包裹。故选D项。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从这次经历中学到了很多，从中国人民对我的友善中学到了很多。A. experience经验，经历；B. visit参观；C. affair事务；D. progress进步。基于前文的分析可知，Andrew做了一段社区志愿者的工作，根据前文“I am learning so much”可知，此处指Andrew的这段经历。故选A项。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我敦促每个人，如果有机会，都要帮助你的社区抗击病毒。A. regulation规章制度；B. virus病毒；C. conflict冲突；D. isolation隔离。根据前文“fighting 　　1　　 the COVID-19”可知，Andrew号召每个人都帮助抗击病毒。故选B项。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们将一起度过这些艰难的时刻，变得比以往任何时候都更强大。A. exciting激动人心的；B. interesting有趣的；C. tough艰难的；D. simple简单的。根据常识和前文“fighting 　　1　　 the COVID-19”可知，抗击新冠肺炎病毒的过程是艰难的。故选C项。
89．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我们将一起度过这些艰难的时刻，变得比以往任何时候都更强大。A. healthier更健康；B. happier更快乐；C. stronger更强壮；D. cleverer更聪明。基于前文分析和前文“We are going to get through these 　　8　　 times together”可知，大家在积极抗击病毒，Andrew表示，我们战胜了病毒，度过艰难时刻，就会变得更加强大。故选C项。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，来自同一社区的另一名社会工作者Catherine开始了她的第二项任务，作为医生的翻译，为一个刚从法国飞回来的家庭提供医疗咨询。A. school学校；B. family家庭；C. supermarket超市；D. community社区。根据第二段中“Andrew, an American resident of Pudong community”以及前文“Catherine, another social worker from the same”可知，此处指她来自同一社区。故选D项。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，来自同一社区的另一名社会工作者Catherine开始了她的第二项任务，作为医生的翻译，为一个刚从法国飞回来的家庭提供医疗咨询。A. inspector检查员；B. accountant会计；C. interpreter口译译员；D. actress女演员。根据后文“Interpreting is no 　　15　　 task.”可知她是个翻译，口译译员。故选C项。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，来自同一社区的另一名社会工作者Catherine开始了她的第二项任务，作为医生的翻译，为一个刚从法国飞回来的家庭提供医疗咨询。A. consultation咨询；B. websites网站；C. fare票价；D. books书籍。根据前文“providing medical”和后文“the whole 　　13　　 takes just over half an hour, with countless 3-way back and forth 　　14　　 in two different languages and also, a lot of paperwork to read”可知，她提供医疗咨询。故选A项。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，整个过程只需要半个多小时，需要用两种不同的语言进行无数次的三方交流，还有很多需要阅读的文件。A. treatment治疗，对待；B. process过程；C. discussion讨论；D. invitation邀请。根据后文“takes just over half an hour”可知，此处指提供医疗咨询的过程。故选B项。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，整个过程只需要半个多小时，需要用两种不同的语言进行无数次的三方交流，还有很多需要阅读的文件。A. deals交易，协议；B. presentation演示；C. exchanges交换，交流；D. influence影响。根据前文“with countless 3-way back and forth”和后文“in two different languages”可知，需要用两种不同的语言进行三方交流。故选C项。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：口译不是一件容易的事。A. popular受欢迎的；B. hard艰难的；C. boring令人厌烦的；D. easy容易的。根据常识及后文“On top of that, she has to stand there while wearing uncomfortable 　　16　　 clothing.”可知，此处描述Catherine工作的不容易，口译不是容易的事。故选D项。
96．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，她必须穿着不舒服的防护服站在那里。A. protective防护的；B. casual随便的；C. old旧的，老的；D. traditional传统的。根据防疫常识和前文“wearing uncomfortable”及后文“clothing”可知，她穿着防护服。故选A项。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最终，知道自己正在为她的外国同胞做出贡献，让她自豪地度过了这一天。A. choice选择；B. difference区别；C. decision决定；D. promise承诺。make a difference“有影响，起（重要作用）”是固定短语，符合句意，她在防疫工作中起了重要作用。故选B项。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在浦东社区的居民委员会例会上，一名社工分享了一名刚结束14天隔离的韩国人的感谢视频。A. shoots射击；B. recognizes辨认出；C. shares分享；D. enjoys喜欢。根据后文“a thank-you video”可知，有人在网上分享了感谢视频。故选C项。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在浦东社区的居民委员会例会上，一名社工分享了一名刚结束14天隔离的韩国人的感谢视频。A. started开始；B. declared声明；C. continued继续；D. finished完成。根据常识和后文“his 14-day quarantine”可知，他结束了14天隔离。故选D项。
100．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是这样的时刻让他们觉得所有的努力都是值得的。A. worthwhile值得的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. valueless无价值的；D. competitive有竞争力的。根据前文“At the regular neighborhood committee meeting in Pudong community, a social worker 　　18　　 a thank-you video from a South Korean who just 　　19　　 his 14-day quarantine”可知，他们的志愿工作得到人们的认可，所以感觉努力是值得的。故选A项。
101．B
102．C
103．D
104．B
105．A
106．B
107．C
108．A
109．A
110．C
111．A
112．D
113．D
114．B
115．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gideons小学的科学老师Acker每天早上上课之前都让学生对着镜子做自我肯定，这样能增加学生的自信和自爱。专家认为，现在疫情原因，孩子们的身心健康受到很大影响，孩子们更加需要我们大人多给他们一些善意和同情。
101．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我是个好人！”一个戴着口罩的男孩补充道。A. playing玩；B. wearing穿；戴着；C. making制作；D. finding找到。由下文“a mask”和第六空前面“The kids returned to school this month after a year of virtual learning”可知，受疫情影响，学生线上上课近一年后返校，所以此处指男孩戴着口罩，故选B。
102．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个男孩跟着说: “我很强壮，也很独立。”然后匆匆走开了。A. mean吝啬的；B. indifferent漠不关心的；C. independent独立的；D. common共同的；普通的。由上文“I’m strong”可知，此处是小男孩在说自己的优点，很强壮，也很独立，故选C。
103．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在后面，他们的老师Aker在孩子们面前举起镜子，为他们加油。A. keeps保持；B. fixes固定；修理；C. calls打电话；D. cheers欢呼；喝彩。由下文““Yes! Louder! Love it!” she calls out.”可知，老师让孩子们大声说，并对孩子的做法作出肯定，这是老师在给孩子们加油，故选D。
104．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Acker在Gideons小学教科学，她的职责是提高学生的自信和自爱。A. promise承诺；B. mission职责；使命；C. way方法；D. permission允许。由下文“to boost her students’ confidence”可知，提高学生的自信，是Acker老师的职责，故选B。
105．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Acker在Gideons小学教科学，她的职责是提高学生的自信和自爱。A. self-love自爱；自恋；B. sympathy同情心；C. self-discipline自律；D. wisdom智慧。由上文“to boost her students’ confidence and”和第一段提到的孩子们对着镜子说的话“I’m a good person!”，“I’m strong”可知，孩子们对着镜子说“我是个好人，我很强壮”这些话，能让孩子增加自信，也能让孩子更加爱自己，故选A。
106．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在线上学习了一年之后，这些孩子们这个月回到了学校，每天早上上课前都会说一些积极的话。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. positive积极的；C. unique独一无二的；D. unreliable不可靠的。由上文提到的孩子们对着镜子说的话“I’m a good person!”，“I’m strong”可知，这些都是积极的话，说这些积极向上的话是为了增加孩子的自信，故选B。
107．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从她5岁的女儿掌握了语言技能后，Acker就和她一起练习这个，并且她和女儿喜欢这之后他们所产生的感受。A. denied否认；B. shared分享；C. practiced练习；D. concluded总结。由下文“this with her 5-year-old daughter since she developed verbal language skills”可知，Acker在她5岁的女儿掌握了语言技能后，Acker就和她一起练习在镜子面前说一些肯定自己的话，故选C。
108．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自从她5岁的女儿掌握了语言技能后，Acker就和她一起练习这个，并且她和女儿喜欢这之后他们所产生的感受。A. afterward后来；以后；B. forward向前；C. eventually最终；D. initially最初。由下文““The best part about doing the affirmations is the feeling after I say them,””可知，Acker很喜欢做自我肯定之后给自己带来的感觉，故选A。
109．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：（做自我肯定之后最好的部分就是）我看到我的学生们有这种感觉，或者他们做完之后把这种感觉表现出来。A. express表达；表现；B. reply回复；C. create创造；D. question质询。由下文“Their attitude is better”可知，做自我肯定后孩子们的态度更好，这是他们做自我肯定后所表现出来的，故选A。
110．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的态度更好了，他们的自信心提高了，我们的日子更好了。”A. suspected怀疑；B. checked检查；C. lifted提高；增加；D. separated使分离；分隔。由上文“Their attitude is better, their self-confidence is”和下文“we have a better day”可知，通过做自我肯定，学生们的自信心提高了，故选C。
111．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：全国儿童的心理健康问题正在上升，因为他们正在与焦虑、不确定性和疫情作斗争。A. rising升起；B. improving提高；改善；C. moving移动；D. leading引领。由下文“Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health.”可知，疫情对孩子的心里健康造成影响，所以说全国儿童的心理健康问题正在上升，故选A。
112．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：全国儿童的心理健康问题正在上升，因为他们正在与焦虑、不确定性和疫情作斗争。A. personality个性；B. imagination想象力；C. curiosity好奇心；D. anxiety焦虑。由下文“Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health.”可知，疫情对孩子的心里健康造成影响，所以说孩子们正在与焦虑，不确定性和疫情作斗争，故选D。
113．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些专家说，对于孩子这已经成为一种危机。A. opportunity机会；B. success成功；C. choice选择；D. crisis危机。由上文“Many adults report that the pandemic has been hard on their mental health. For kids, some experts say, it has become a(n)”可知，疫情对孩子心里造成影响，这对于孩子来说是一种危机，故选D。
114．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年更是如此，心理学家Marcuetta博士说，孩子们“需要我们所能提供的所有善意和同情”。A. think想；认为；B. offer提供；C. rid使摆脱；D. hide隐藏。由上文“kids “need all of the kindness and compassion we can”可知，孩子需要我们提供给他们一些善意和同情，故选B。
115．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，孩子们根据大人们对他们说话的方式来发展他们的信念，这就使得教师成为关键影响力和积极肯定的第一步。A. languages语言；B. arguments争论；C. doubts怀疑；D. beliefs信念。由下文“based on how grown-ups speak to them”可知，孩子们信念的养成是基于大人们对他们的说话方式。故选D。
116．B
117．C
118．A
119．D
120．B
121．C
122．A
123．A
124．B
125．D
126．B
127．C
128．A
129．C
130．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者希望疫情隔离结束，重拾自行车骑行。
116．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们坐在家里，等待新冠肺炎病例减少和天气好转。A. hold举行；B. improve（天气）好转；C. continue继续；D. break打破。前文提到加拿大进入了寒冬，所以此处指希望气候的好转，这也对应前面希望疫情病例减少，一切向着美好的方向发展。故选B项。
117．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们都想着我们最终能够出去后会做些什么。A. secretly秘密地；B. recently近来；C. finally最后；D. hurriedly匆忙地。结合文意，因为疫情不能到处走动，作者一家就在想象他们最终能够出去的时候最想做什么。故选C项。
118．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们每个人都期望着什么，从而能够让我们渡过隔离时期。A. go through渡过；B. bring in引入；C. turn to求助于；D. get across理解。根据前文“We all dreamed of what we would do when we could   ____2____   go outside.”可知作者一家通过心怀期待这种方式来渡过这段隔离时期。故选A项。
119．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的希望早在十一月便已在车间布满尘灰。A. strength优点；B. fun乐趣；C. speed速度；D. dust灰尘。根据下文的“garage”和“bike”可知，作者想做的事情是去骑自行车，但是因为疫情，这辆自行车已经在车库里面布满了灰尘。故选D项。
120．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：骑着自行车车时，我感觉自己无拘无束，无需加油，无需充电。A. restricted受限的；B. limitless不受限的；C. mindless无心的；D. frozen冷冻的。根据设空处后的“free from gas tanks or batteries”可知作者在自行车上感到无拘无束，不受油量和电量这些问题的困扰。故选B项。
121．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只要我活着，有口饭吃，我就能一直骑到世界的尽头，如果我想这么做的话。A. strong强大的；B. satisfied满意的；C. alive活着的；D. wealthy富有的。结合文意，此处指作者觉得只要自己活着，有得吃，就可以一直骑行下去。故选C项。
122．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要我活着，有口饭吃，我就能一直骑到世界的尽头，如果我想这么做的话。A. cycle骑自行车；B. run奔跑；C. walk走；D. drive驾驶。根据前文的“On my bike”可知此处作者是指骑自行车。故选A项。
123．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：道路拥挤不算什么：穿梭在堵车的车辆之间让我感到无比的兴奋。A. Crowded拥挤的；B. Remote遥远的；C. Narrow狭窄的；D. Deserted空寂无人的。根据前文“No obstacle is impassable.”可知，没有什么阻碍是跨越不过的，当别的车辆拥堵的时候，自行车反而可以穿梭其中。故选A项。
124．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：道路拥挤不算什么：穿梭在堵车的车辆之间让我感到无比的兴奋。A. difficulty困难；B. excitement兴奋；C. shock冲击；D. adjustment调整。车辆拥堵难以通行时，作者骑自行车能够自由穿梭其中，所以这能够令其感到无比兴奋。故选B项。
125．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经历了封锁，那段自由的回忆对我来说更加重要。A. permission允许；B. application应用；C. absence缺席；D. memory回忆。结合文意，此处指在隔离期间作者可以用之前骑行的回忆来缓解不好的情绪。故选D项。
126．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每隔几年，我都会有新伤。A. save拯救；B. add添加；C. offer提供；D. set设置。由后文“I can’t cycle as fast as I used to.”可知，作者骑车骑得不如以前快了，据此推测作者每隔几年都会有新伤影响骑车速度。故选B项。
127．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始变老了。A. grateful感激的；B. ready准备好的；C. old老的；D. casual随意的。由后文“I can’t cycle as fast as I used to.”可知，作者骑车骑得不如以前快了，由此推测年岁增长也会影响作者骑车速度。故选C项。
128．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不想失去自由的感觉。A. lose失去；B. feel感觉；C. find找到；D. test检测。根据前文“But every time I encounter a hill, I don’t give up.”可知，作者遇到小山坡时不想放弃，坚持骑车，所以作者是不想失去骑车所带来的这种自由的感觉。故选A项。
129．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直等候疫情之墙倒塌时第一个暖日。A. rise上升；B. appear出现；C. collapse倒塌；D. stand站立。此处将疫情比作墙，将疫情过去比作墙倒，呼应第一段的等待气候好转，疫情过去，不再隔离。故选C项。
130．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想要戴上头盔，在这简单而美好的时刻，重获自由。A. suit西装；B. trousers裤子；C. slippers拖鞋；D. helmet头盔。由前文“On my bike, I’m   ____5____ , free from gas tanks or batteries”可知，此处“be free”是骑自行车所带来的自由，而骑自行车需要戴的物品是头盔。故选D项。
131．B
132．C
133．B
134．A
135．C
136．D
137．D
138．A
139．B
140．D
141．A
142．B
143．C
144．D
145．C
146．A
147．C
148．B
149．A
150．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是议论文。文章主要讲述人们对2022年北京冬奥会上使用的人造雪的态度。
131．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：北京冬天通常不会下很多雪，所以北京2022年冬季奥运会的场馆里正在使用人造雪，白雪的质量得到了许多运动员甚至官员的赞扬。A. attention关注；B. praise表扬；C. response回应；D. effort努力。根据下文“This is by far the best man-made snow I’ve ever 　　3　　 on”可知，人造雪的质量得到了许多运动员甚至官员的赞扬。故选B。
132．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人造雪赋予了赛道更好更稳定的质量。A. active积极的；B. possible可能的；C. stable稳定的；D. valuable有价值的。根据下文“But the 20-centimeter-thick snow was 　　15　　 up, because it would be more 　　16　　 to use natural snow as it 　　17　　 more easily and brings safety risks.”可知，自然雪很危险，所以反之，人造雪相对来说是比较安全的，即使得赛道有更好更稳定的质量。故选C。
133．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是至今为止我曾经滑过的最好的人造雪赛道。A. played玩耍；B. skied滑雪；C. worked工作；D. stood站立。根据下文“American freestyle skier”可知，说这句话的人是一名滑雪运动员，所以他在人造雪赛道上滑雪。故选B。
134．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国自由滑雪运动员Ashley Caldwell在新闻发布会上说。A. press新闻；B. term学期；C. firm公司；D. office办公室。根据下文“conference”可知，上文是他在新闻发布会上说的话。press conference“新闻发布会”的意思。故选A。
135．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在获得了许多运动员在训练期间和头几天的比赛的反馈之后，国际奥委会体育总监基特·麦康奈尔说，参加的人都相信人造雪非常出色。A. news新闻；B. letter信；C. feedback反馈；D. argument争论。根据下文“from many athletes through the training period and first days of 　　6　　”可知，运动员使用了之后做出的评价和意见属于反馈。故选C。
136．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第5题详解。A. stay待；B. break打破；C. attempt试图；D. competition比赛，竞争。根据上文“the training period and first days of”可知，运动员们经过了训练之后就是比赛了。故选D。
137．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第5题详解。A. complain抱怨；B. predict预测；C. guess猜测；D. believe相信。根据下文“the artificial snow is outstanding.”可知，这是他们做出的高度的评价，所以是他们相信人造雪是非常出色的。故选D。
138．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：重点是以可持续的方式做到这一点，同时确保运动员拥有一个优秀的比赛场地，在这个场地上进行奥林匹克级别的比赛。A. ensuring确保；B. refusing拒绝；C. leading领导；D. forcing逼迫。根据下文“the athletes have an outstanding field of play on which to 　　9　　 at the Olympic level”可知，人造雪的作用是要保障运动员拥有一个优秀的比赛场地。故选A。
139．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. finish完成；B. compete比赛，竞争；C. fetch去取回；D. advance推进。根据上文“athletes”可知，这个场地是运动员要在上面比赛的地方。故选B。
140．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：国际滑雪联合会高山滑雪委员会主席，前瑞士世界杯高山滑雪赛手，北京延庆国家高山滑雪中心的赛道的设计师之一Russi，告诉中国中央电视台，“我认为我们设计的赛道就像是滑雪者的天堂。”A. leader领导者；B. director导演；C. athlete运动员；D. designer设计师。根据下文“I think for the skiers the course we designed is just like paradise.”可知，Russi是一名设计师。故选D。
141．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有时候人造雪会跟天然雪混合，但是在过去的5到10年里，人造雪已经被用在了大部分的比赛中。A. mixed混合；B. compared比较；C. finished完成；D. helped帮助。根据下文“with natural snow, artificial snow has 　　12　　 been used in competitions in the past five to 10 years”可知，人造雪是和天然的雪混合在一起使用的。故选A。
142．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A. exactly准确的说；B. mostly大部分；C. partly部分；D. rarely几乎不。根据上文“Although”可知，2个小分句之间是转折的关系，所以是虽然混合在一起，但是人造雪已经被用在了大部分的比赛中。故选B。
143．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月7日，在为比赛的准备期间，张家口的崇礼县看到了今年冬天的第一场雪。A. ending结尾；B. beginning开始；C. preparation准备；D. admission允许。根据下文“But the 20-centimeter-thick snow was 　　15　　 up”可知，下的天然雪被铲掉了，说明还没有到比赛时间，应该是比赛前的准备期间。故选C。
144．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第13题详解。A. gave给；B. raised提升；C. rose升起；D. saw看见。根据下文“But the 20-centimeter-thick snow was 　　15　　 up”可知，那里下了20厘米厚的自然雪。故选D。
145．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是20厘米厚的雪被清理干净了，因为使用天然雪会更危险，因为它更容易掉落，并带来安全风险。A. bought买；B. made做；C. cleaned打扫干净；D. used使用。根据下文“because it would be more 　　16　　 to use natural snow as it 　　17　　 more easily and brings safety risks.”可知，天然雪更危险，所以被打扫干净了。故选C。
146．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第15题详解。A. dangerous危险的；B. proper恰当的；C. secure安全的；D. beautiful美丽的。根据下文“brings safety risks.”可知，天然雪更危险。故选A。
147．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第15题详解。A. cheers up欢呼；B. turns down关小，拒绝；C. falls off掉落；D. keeps back退后。根据下文“brings safety risks.”可知，天然雪危险的原因是它容易掉落。故选C。
148．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有人担心造雪用水过多会对环境造成危害。A. points点，意义；B. concerns担心；C. senses感觉；D. doubts怀疑。根据下文“environmental hazards”可知，有环境危害，所以人们会有担心。故选B。
149．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：北京2022年的造雪机从造雪开始就完全使用可再生能源。A. completely完全地；B. extremely极其；C. slightly稍微；D. fairly相当。根据下文“For water from melted snow, we have a reservoir and two lakes which can 　　20　　 it so that it can then be used for agriculture, irrigation, tourism and landscaping.”可知，造雪机从造雪开始就完全使用可再生能源。故选A。
150．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于从融雪中提取的水，我们有一个水库和两个湖，可以储存水，这样水就可以用于农业、灌溉、旅游和园林绿化。A. dry烘干；B. clean打扫干净；C. feed喂养；D. store储存。根据下文“so that it can then be used for agriculture, irrigation, tourism and landscaping.”可知，这些水被储存起来，用于农业、灌溉、旅游和园林绿化。故选D。
151．B
152．D
153．B
154．B
155．A
156．C
157．D
158．C
159．D
160．A
161．B
162．A
163．C
164．A
165．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是当面对在超市无法购买到食物的困境时，Daniel和Nancy这对夫妇决定独立制作食物，挑战一年不购买东西吃。
151．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一场传染病爆发，超市货架都空了，这时丹尼尔和南希决定不再依靠别人来获取食物。A. dusty布满灰尘的；B. empty空的；C. firm坚固的；D. full满的。由上文的“When an infectious disease broke out”及常识可知，传染病爆发时超市的食物被抢购一空，故选B。
152．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一场传染病爆发，超市货架都空了，这时丹尼尔和南希决定不再依靠别人来获取食物。A. look for寻找；B. come across偶遇；C. run after追赶；D. rely on依靠。由后文的“they wouldn’t buy a single thing to eat”可知，他们决定不再依靠别人来获取食物，故选D。
153．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇决定开始一项为期一年的挑战，他们不买任何东西吃。A. charity慈善；B. challenge挑战；C. construction建设；D. research研究。由后文的“where they wouldn’t buy a single thing to eat”可知，不买任何东西吃，这对他们来说当然是一种挑战，故选B。
154．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们会种植、饲养或捕捉一切。A. However然而；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. Besides另外。根据上文“The couple decided to start a year-long ____3____ where they wouldn’t buy a single thing to eat.”和下文“they would grow, raise or catch everything.”可知，上下文是对比的关系。故选B。
155．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当疾病来袭时，它又给了我们额外的动力。A. hit袭击；B. dropped下降；C. failed失败；D. went去。根据第一段的“When an infectious disease broke out”可知，此处表示疾病来袭，空格处是“袭击”，故选A。
156．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当疾病来袭时，它又给了我们额外的动力。A. burden负担；B. faith信念；C. push推动力；D. excuse借口。由后文的“gave us even more motivation”可知，疾病来袭给了他们额外的动力，故选C。
157．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时候我们都失业了，这给了我们更多的动力去看看我们是否能养活自己。A. confused困惑的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. occupied忙于……的；D. unemployed失业的。根据第一段的“When an infectious disease broke out”可知，传染病爆发，他们俩失业，故选D。
158．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时候我们都失业了，这给了我们更多的动力去看看我们是否能养活自己。A. teach教；B. protect保护；C. feed喂养；养活；D. control控制。由上文的“they wouldn’t buy a single thing to eat. ____4____ , they would grow, raise or catch everything”可知，他们失业了，他们想看看自己是否能养活自己，故选C。
159．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须学习很多新东西，比如如何种植蘑菇和从海洋中收集盐。A. supply供应；B. save救；C. invent发明；D. harvest收集；收获。由后文的“salt from the ocean”可知，是从海里收集盐，故选D。
160．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：五个月后，他们都感觉很好，但丹尼尔承认最初几周很困难，因为他们的身体适应了在同一天戒掉咖啡、葡萄酒和糖。A. admits承认；B. argues争论；C. doubts怀疑；D. denies否认。由后文的“the first few weeks were difficult”可知，丹尼尔承认最初几周很困难，故选A。
161．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：五个月后，他们都感觉很好，但丹尼尔承认最初几周很困难，因为他们的身体适应了在同一天戒掉咖啡、葡萄酒和糖。A. demanding要求；B. quitting戒除；C. changing改变；D. consuming消耗。由后文的“coffee, wine and sugar”可知，这些东西是他们生产不出来的，所以得戒掉，故选B。
162．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三周后，我们的精力平衡了，我们的愿望减少了，现在我们感觉很好。A. reduced减少；B. returned回来；C. existed存在；D. doubled加倍。由上文的“their bodies adjusted to ____11____ coffee, wine and sugar”可知，他们要习惯戒掉咖啡、葡萄酒和糖，由此可知，他们的愿望减少了，故选A。
163．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在二月已经结束了。A. head头；B. stop停止；C. end结束；D. point点。由后文的“they survive winter”可知，二月已经结束了，come to an end意为“结束”，故选C。
164．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着他们度过了冬天，他们对继续这种生活方式感到乐观，他们的挑战将在8月正式结束。A. positive积极的；乐观的；B. worried担心的；C. regretful后悔的；D. bored无聊的。由上文的“they survive winter”和后文的“about continuing with this way of living”可知，他们度过了冬天，所以就对继续这种生活方式持乐观态度，故选A。
165．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着他们度过了冬天，他们对继续这种生活方式感到乐观，他们的挑战将在8月正式结束。A. usually通常；B. bitterly痛苦地；C. merely仅仅；D. officially正式地。由“ending in August”可知，挑战将在8月正式结束。故选D。