河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共23页。
There are tw kinds f elephants in Africa: savanna elephants, which were cunted by Allen’s census, and frest elephants, which the census culdn’t accunt fr because that elephant lives in thick rainfrest. In the frest, Wrege says, lsing a frest elephant is easy t d. “Smetimes yu see them, let’s say, 15 meters away frm yu and then they mve 5 meters int the frest and yu can’t see them,” he said. “Smehw they just disappear.”
Wrege’s use f artificial intelligence in the rainfrest has been less remarkable, but n less imprtant. The netwrks n which his frest elephant cunt depends are still training, s he desn’t have a precise frest elephant cunt yet. He has fund that trying t cunt frest elephants depends n varius factrs. But the AI has uncvered sme unexpected things. Fr example, it appears that elephants dn’t g t sme parts f the frest during specific times f the year. That’s imprtant t knw because it can infrm the way cnservatin park managers psitin their frces. “Yu can say,” Wrege said. “OK, we knw that elephants are nt using this huge part f this park fr these seven mnths. N pachers are ging t find an elephant anyway. S we dn’t need t send any anti-paching teams there.”
1．What des the underlined part “that trend” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The use f Al in the frest.B．The dependence n Micrsft.
C．The decrease f elephant ppulatin.D．The prgress f the cnservatin wrld.
2．Why is it hard t cunt frest elephants?
A．The thick frest affects the nrmal use f AI.
B．It’s easy fr them t disappear int the frest.
C．Cnservatin wrkers ften get lst in the frest.
D．They mve t different frests in different seasns.
3．What can be learned abut the AI?
A．It is taken advantage f by pachers.B．It will be used t cunt ther animals.
C．It has already made sme useful discveries.D．It can cunt the exact number f frest animals.
4．In what way can frest elephants benefit frm AI nw?
A．They’re safe in all parts f the frest.
B．Pachers can be recgnized by netwrks.
C．Prtecting frce can be better psitined in the park.
D．Park managers are training them t adapt t new cnditins.
The simple wrd “fun” nly has ne syllable（音节）, s yu'd think yu'd add “er” r “est” n it t create cmparatives r superlatives. But if yu were t say “I think Magic Kingdm is a funner park than Epct.” r “Fantasy Wrld was the funnest vacatin ever!” , yu might get sme strange lks. It sunds like smething cute-because-it's-wrng that a little kid wuld say. Yu might begin t dubt the existence f such a wrd as “funner”. But. . . why? “Fun” has ne syllable. S why d we chse t use “mre fun” as the cmparative—especially cnsidering that the similar wrd “funny”, which has mre syllables than “fun”, uses the suffixes（后缀）with n prblem?
Well, the cnfusin cmes frm the fact that the wrd “fun” was nt riginally an adjective（形容词）. Until the early 19th century, it was mstly just a nun, and it gained its meaning as “amusement” in the 18th century. But as early as the 1800s, peple began using it as an adjective, the way we'd describe “a fun time” r “a fun place” tday.
And, as they usually d when peple use wrds wrng, grammar experts blamed this usage, ne prfessr saying that hearing the adjective versin f “fun” caused severe sickness" in him. But bviusly, that didn't stp peple frm using “fun” as an adjective, which brught up the questin f its cmparative and superlative frms.
Grammarians have mstly cme arund t the use f “fun” as an adjective thugh sme dictinaries still call it infrmal, but the cmparative and superlative frms are a bit mre wishy-washy. There was and remains a mentality f “Fine, yu can use ‘fun’ as an adjective. . . but, like, it's nt a real ne, s it can't fllw the rules f real adjectives”. Mst dictinaries agree that the answer t “is funner a wrd?” is yes. But this desn't mean that "mre fun" and "mst fun" are incrrect. In fact, in frmal writing, yu'll prbably still want t use thse instead f “funner” and “funnest”.
5．Hw is the text develped?
A．By cmparing tw different usages.
B．By explring the answer t a questin.
C．By prviding evidence fr an argument.
D．By lking at different aspects f a prblem.
6．What happened t the wrd “fun” in the early 19th century?
A．It began t be used as an adjective.
B．It was taken in by dictinaries.
C．It gets the meaning”amusement”.
D．It appeared in frmal writing.
7．What was grammarians' attitude twards using “fun”as an adjective?
A．They tried t stp peple using it.
B．They were unwilling t accept it.
C．They were cnfused as t what t d.
D．They blamed each ther fr the mistake.
8．What's the best title fr the text?
A．Is Funner a Wrd?B．Are Grammarians Crrect?
C．Can All Rules be Fllwed?D．Will the Cnfusin Cntinue?
Given the crwds f visitrs and many attractins at the Disney parks, it's easy t get lst. Thankfully, yu will always find a wrker t pint yu in the right directin. When yu d, yu just might start t ntice smething unique abut their bdy language—and it's just ne f the many secrets Disney emplyees wn't tell yu.
Cast members, as park emplyees are called, are taught in their training t always pint with tw fingers instead f ne. The first reasn fr this is that pinting with just the ne index finger(食指), as mst Americans d, is cnsidered implite in sme cultures and cuntries. The Disney parks have always attracted many internatinal visitrs, s the friendlier tw-finger gesture became the nrm amng emplyees, in an effrt t be sensitive and welcming t every persn. Emplyees have even affectinately named it "the Disney pint”. Michaela Paris, a frmer Disney emplyee, said the Disney pint is a sign f respect.
"Disney receives plenty f freign travelers t their parks. The typical single finger pint is a symbl f disrespect and has a negative(负面的) meaning in many cultures. Therefre, Disney created 'the Disney pint' t accmmdate all f their guests, " Paris said.
Other surces say this way f pinting is related t Disney himself. Accrding t the Huffingtn Pst, it's actually hw Walt Disney himself used t pint things ut t visitrs, because he usually had a cigarette balanced between the tw fingers. Yu wn't find cast members tday smking a cigarette—there's n smking allwed fr anyne, emplyees r guests, nce yu are inside the entrances at Disney parks—but the traditin f pinting with tw fingers still stands.
Keep an eye ut fr the statue f Walt and Mickey ding "the Disney pint" next time yu're at Disney Wrld. Meanwhile dn't miss ther such rules that all Disney emplyees must fllw.
9．When will a visitr prbably ntice "the Disney pint"?
A．When asking the way.B．When entering the park.
C．When greeting freigners.D．When smking a cigarette.
10．What des “the Disney pint” refer t?
A．A gesture.B．An emplyee.C．A park.D．A statue.
11．What des the underlined wrd "accmmdate" in paragraph 3 mean?
A．ffer space t.B．put up.C．prvide fd fr.D．adapt t.
12．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Rules t fllw in the park.
B．The life stry f Walt Disney.
C．Sme attractins at Disney Wrld.
D．A pssible rigin f “the Disney pint”.
Lnely? Yu’re hardly alne. Lneliness was becming a grwing prblem fr teens, especially girls thrughut industrial natins acrss the glbe. That’s the finding f a new study.
The new study linked rising lneliness t a greater use f smartphnes and the Internet ver the same years. Jean Twenge and her team shared their new findings in the July 20 Jurnal f Adlescence. Twenge, a psychlgist wrking at San Dieg State University in Califrnia, and her team have fund since 2012, U. S. teens have been spending less time tgether face-t-face. “Smartphnes can help keep us cnnected with friends,” says Twenge. “But they can als make peple feel excluded.” Girls, especially, may feel this way. Studies have shwn that girls may feel like an utcast if the phts and selfies they pst dn’t get a lt f “likes”.
And then there’s “phubbing”, a mixture f “phne” and “snubbing”. It’s a mment in which a friend r family member takes ut a phne and stares at it, ignring everybdy else, including yu. Phubbing is ne way tech can affect yu, even when yu’re nt the ne using it.
The fact that s many mre were reprting lneliness is a wrrisme trend. Culd technlgy really be behind that? “In general, I tend t think f technlgy as ne piece f a brader puzzle cntributing t lneliness,” says Amanda Lenhart, a researcher wh studies hw technlgy affects peple’s lives at the Data & Sciety Research Institute.
If technlgy leads t lneliness, shuld we stp using it? “N, nt at all,” argues Twenge. “Everybdy f all ages is trying t figure ut hw we can best use these technlgies and stay mentally healthy.” Her favrite bit f advice is t “use yur smartphne fr what it’s gd fr. Then put it away”. That includes putting it away vernight—ideally in anther rm.
13．What des the underlined wrd “excluded” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Left ut.B．Cntent.C．Taken in.D．Cnfident.
14．What kind f persn des “phubbing” refer t?
A．Being abused n the Internet.B．Being affected by technlgy.
C．Mixing wrds t create new nes.D．Ignring smene in favr f a phne.
15．What advice des Twenge give abut the use f the telephne?
A．Reducing its use.B．Banning it thrughly.
C．Using it apprpriately.D．Never using it vernight.
16．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A persnal diary.B．A questinnaire survey.
C．A science magazine.D．A science fictin.
Cmmn-cld Sense
Yu can’t beat it, but yu dn’t have t jin it. Maybe it gt the name “cmmn cld” because it’s mre cmmn in winter. The fact is, thugh, being cld desn’t have anything t d with getting ne. Clds are caused by the spread f rhinviruses(鼻病毒), and, at least s far, medical science is better at telling yu hw t avid getting ne than hw t get rid f ne.
Children are the mst cmmn way cld viruses are spread t adults, because they have mre clds than adults—an average f abut eight per year. Why d kids seem s much mre easily t get clds than their parents? Simple. They haven’t had the pprtunity t becme immune t many cld viruses. There are mre than 150 different cld viruses, and yu never have the same ne twice. Being infected by ne makes yu immune(免疫的)t it –but nly it.
Clds are usually spread by direct cntact, nt sneezing r cughing. Frm anther persn’s hand t yur hand and then t yur nse r eyes is the mst cmmn rute. The highest cncentratin f cld viruses anywhere is fund under the thumbnails(拇指甲)f a by, althugh the viruses can survive fr hurs n skin r ther smth surfaces.
Hygiene is yur best defense. Wash yur hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant(消毒剂) sap, especially when children in yur husehld have clds.
But even careful hygiene wn’t ward ff every cld. S, what wrks when a cughing, sneezing, runny nse strikes?
The ld prescriptin(处方)f tw aspirins, lts f water, and bed rest is a gd place t start. But yu’ll als find sme f the flk remedies wrth trying. Ht mixtures f sugar (r hney), lemn, and water have real benefits.
17．Accrding t the passage, yu may have a cld because f ________ .
A．cld weather
B．the spread f rhinviruses
C．anther persn’s cughing
D．washing hands t ften
18．What des the underlined part “ward ff” in paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．T take part in
B．T be related t
C．T prevent frm happening.
D．T have the chance f
19．Accrding t the passage, when yu are having a cld, ________.
A．yu can get better nly by drinking lts f water
B．yu must get the cld frm thers’ sneezing r cughing
C．it is always the same kind f cld that yu had last time
D．it is certainly nt the same kind f cld that yu had last time
20．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T sell sme medicine
B．T talk abut “cmmn cld”
C．T intrduce ways t cure cld
D．T teach peple t keep clean
Mst peple can’t live t 100.Thse wh d live s lng can hardly walk, let alne take part in any activities. A few peple, hwever, take part in dangerus activities even thugh they are mre than 100 years ld﹣They keep ging and ging! There is a great grandmther wh likes challenging herself althugh she is 101 years ld this year.
Mary Hardisn believes that peple shuld always be cheerful and mre imprtantly, take n all kinds f adventures while they physically still can. S, instead f celebrating her 101st birthday with a bring party, she decided t g paragliding(滑翔跳伞)﹣an idea she gt frm her 75﹣year﹣ld sn wh recently tk it up as a hbby.
S n her birthday, cheered n by her big family, she tied herself up tgether with expert instructr Kevin Hintze, and jumped dwn fearlessly frm the sky near her hme in Ogden, Utah. And, it was nt just a simple jump either. Accrding t Kevin Hintze, the grandmther encuraged him t turn arund, as they made their way dwn.
This is nt the first time that Mary has dne smething “wild” and “crazy”. Fr her 90th birthday she rde all the adult rides at Disneyland. And, she is nt dne yet﹣Fr her 102nd birthday she hpes t g dwn the 3,000 feet Alpine Slide at Utah’s Park City Muntain Resrt!
Nt surprisingly, this great actin has made Mary Hardisn very famus and als earned her a place in the Guinness Wrld Recrds where she brke a 2007 recrd set by a 100﹣year﹣ld British wman. What an amazing lady!
21．What d we knw abut Mary Hardisn？
A．She tk up paragliding as her hbby at the age f 75.
B．She is the ldest wman in the Guinness Wrld Recrds.
C．She was recrded in the Guinness Wrld Recrds in 2007.
D．She is a 101﹣year﹣ld lady wh likes challenging herself.
22．Frm whm did Mary get the idea f ging paragliding？
A．A 100﹣year﹣ld British wman.B．Her 75﹣year﹣ld sn.
C．Her grandsn.D．Kevin Hintze.
23．Hw des the authr feel abut Mary’s actin？
A．Dubtful.B．Supprtive.C．Amazed.D．Wrried.
24．What can be a suitable title fr the passage?
A．A 101-year-ld lady’s Life Stry
B．Paragliding Is Ht
C．Hw t Learn Paragliding
D．Never t Old t Learn Smething New
Frm the age f 6, Samirah Hrtn was bullied (欺凌) by her classmates fr the things that made her different — her size and her sharp vice. Rather than giving up, Hrtn decided t pick up a micrphne and make sure ther children knew they weren’t alne. “I didn’t want ther kids t g thrugh that experience,” says Hrtn, “especially at a very yung age.” Nw, alngside attending eighth grade classes, she’s als building an anti-bullying platfrm t reach students acrss the cuntry.
Fr as lng as Hrtn remembers, she's felt a special cnnectin t music. She remembers her mther always having the radi n, and her father teaching her hw t deejay (主持) . Music gives her unlimited pwer t d the duty. “It’s music that fuels my missin, allwing me t spread this imprtant message,”she says. Nw as the Kid DJ fr her hmetwn team, yu can hear anything frm the hip-hp classics t sngs f her wn, including the anti-bullying sng “N Yu Wn’t Bully Me”.
Her message has reached beynd the DJ set. At 8. Hrtn turned ne f her sngs int a 26-page picture bk, which has reached thusands f peple acrss America. In the bk, she references the ver 160,000 students wh miss schl daily fr fear f being bullied.
Hrtn isn’t sure exactly what the future hlds, but fr nw, she’s psitive abut leading her schl’s student gvernment. “I dn’t knw exactly what I’ll be ding, but I knw I’ll be making a psitive influence n the wrld,” she says. She’s already n her way, but her biggest achievement in her wn eyes is persuading thers nt t dubt themselves alng the way. “Dn’t care what anybdy tells yu,” she says. “Yu are never t yung t make a change.”
25．Why was Hrtn bullied?
A．Because f her age.B．Because f her weight.
C．Because f her grades.D．Because f her hbby.
26．What des the underlined wrd “missin” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Task.B．Anger.C．Skill.D．Curisity.
27．What can we learn frm Hrtn’s stry?
A．Fear invites danger.B．N vice is t small.
C．Success is peace f mind.D．Imperfectins are beauty.
28．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．A Picture-Bk Writer
B．A Hip-Hp Music Lver
C．An Envirnmental Activist
D．An Anti-Bullying Advcate
A little kid is lking at a new picture bk. Suddenly it pints t a picture and shuts “chair”. The kid makes the right call, but that des nt seem particularly interesting t us. We recgnize all kinds f chairs as “chair” withut any difficulty. Fr a kid, hwever, this is a huge learning prcess. It must assciate the chair pictured in the bk with the chairs it already knws — even thugh they may have different shapes r clrs. Hw des the child d that?
The answer is categrizatin. Every time a child meets a chair, it stres the experience. Based n similarities between the chairs, the child’s brain will abstract the characteristics and functins f chairs by frming the categry “chair”. This allws the child t later quickly link new chairs t the categry and the knwledge it cntains.
Our brain categrizes cntinuusly. “Withut categrizatin, we wuld nt be able t interact with ur envirnment as efficiently as we d,” Picter Gltstein, a senir prfessr says. In ther wrds: We wuld have t learn fr every new chair we meet that we can sit n it. “But the general prcesses f categrizatin in the brain are largely unknwn,” he added.
Sme scientists tested whether mice categrize in a way similar t us. T d s, they shwed mice different pictures f different patterns and gave them a srting rule. The mice were able t learn the rule and reliably srted the given patterns int the crrect categry. They even put patterns they had nt seen befre int the crrect categries. Therefre, the study demnstrates fr the first time hw well mice categrize and apprach ur ability fr abstractin.
The researchers fund that certain neurns (神经元) in a brain area became active when the mice srted the patterns. Interestingly, different grups f neurns reacted selectively t individual categries. After bserving the activity f such neurns frm the beginning t the end f categry learning, the researchers fund that the neurns didn’t acquire their selectivity immediately, but nly develped it little by little during the learning prcess.
29．What des the first paragraph tell us?
A．Learning shuld happen with jy.B．Chairs are easy t recgnize fr kids.
C．Kids can grup things f similar nature.D．Picture bks are attractive t little kids.
30．Why is Picter Gltstein mentined?
A．T explain hw t interact effectively.
B．T tell the way the brain wrk efficiently
C．T shw hw t recgnize different things.
D．T stress the imprtance f categrizatin.
31．Hw can we describe the mice’s perfrmance?
A．Rather bad.B．As expected.
C．Surprisingly gd.D．Better than human’s.
32．What can we learn frm the mice experiment?
A．The rules f selectivity are fund.
B．Peple can say when t categrize.
C．Categrizatin develps ver time.
D．All the neurns respnd at the same time.
The Gvernment’s sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖). It is believed that tday’s children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make £520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate £240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers’ effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
33．Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A．T cllect mney fr schls.B．T imprve the quality f drinks.
C．T prtect children’s health.D．T encurage research in educatin.
34．Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A．They turned t verseas markets.B．They raised the prices f their prducts.
C．They cut dwn n their prductin.D．They reduced their prducts’ sugar cntent.
35．Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A．Mst alchlic drinks.B．Milk-based drinks.C．Fruit juices.D．Classic Cke.
36．What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A．It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B．It is a success stry.
C．It benefits manufacturers.D．It upsets custmers.
He was the last persn wh shuld have run int a burning building—he had lung disease. But that didn’t stp him. Michael Surrell and his wife was parking when they gt a call frm their daughter: “The huse next dr is n fire!” He went t investigate.
Thugh the fire department had been called, Surrell ran inside. The thick smke burned his eyes and made it impssible t breathe. The cnditins were life-threatening fr Surrell.
After a few minutes, he went utside t catch his breath. Taking a deep breath, he went in again. The huse was similar t his, s he made it t the secnd flr. He culdn’t see anything. Then a sft man (呻吟声) came. Still unable t see, Surrell crawled (爬行) tward the sund, feeling arund fr any sign f the trapped.
Finally, he tuched smething. He pulled the kid tward him and held her int his arms and std. He fught thrugh the smke and ran int the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the frnt dr, then utside. Surrell put Tiara dwn n the prch. He started CPR. Sn a cugh came frm Tiara’s thrat. Surrell gave five mre breaths. She cughed again, pened her eyes and tk a breath n her wn.
Surrell wke up in the hspital days later, having suffered severe burns t his lungs. He spent a week in the hspital. The fire wrsened Surrell’s cnditin, and he feels the effects even tw years later. “It’s a small price t pay,” he says. “I’d d it again withut a secnd thught.”
37．What was Surrell ding when he gt t knw the fire?
A．He was parking.B．He was walking with his wife.
C．He was washing his car.D．He was talking with his daughter.
38．What can we learn frm the text?
A．Surrell saved Tiara at his first attempt.
B．Surrell never regret carrying ut his deed.
C．Surrell called the fire department befre running inside.
D．Surrell saw Tiara n the secnd flr and carried her utside.
39．Which wrds can best describe Surrell?
A．Kind and devted.B．Brave and devted.C．Generus and kind.D．Cnsiderate and devted.
40．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A Big Fire Brke utB．A Man Carried ut CPR t Save a Girl
C．The Last Man Saved Anther PersnD．Surrell Suffered Severe Burns t His Lungs
参考答案
1．C
2．B
3．C
4．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了拯救大象，研究人员开始采用人工智能技术，来检测大象的生活。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“In the seven years between 2007 and 2014, Africa’s savanna elephant ppulatin decreased by abut a third and was n track t disappear cmpletely frm sme African cuntries in as few as 10 years.(在2007年至2014年的七年间，非洲大草原大象的数量减少了约三分之一，而且在短短10年内就可能从一些非洲国家完全消失)”以及第二段中““AI can prcess huge amunts f infrmatin t tell us where the elephants are, hw many there are,” said Crnell University researcher Peter Wrege. “And pssibly tell us what they are ding.”(康奈尔大学研究员彼得·瑞格说：“人工智能可以处理大量信息，告诉我们大象在哪里，有多少头。也许还能告诉我们他们在做什么。”)”可知，为了改变大象数量的减少的趋势，研究人员发明了人工智能来检测它们。故画线词指的是“大象数量的减少”。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中““Smetimes yu see them, let’s say, 15 meters away frm yu and then they mve 5 meters int the frest and yu can’t see them,” he said. “Smehw they just disappear.”(他说：“有时候你在离你15米远的地方看到它们，然后它们移动到5米远的森林里，你就看不到它们了。不知怎么的，他们就消失了。”)”可知，数森林象困难是因为它们很容易消失在森林里。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the AI has uncvered sme unexpected things. Fr example, it appears that elephants dn’t g t sme parts f the frest during specific times f the year.(但人工智能也发现了一些意想不到的事情。例如，大象似乎不会在一年中特定的时间去森林的某些地方)”可知，人工智能已经有了一些有用的发现。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“That’s imprtant t knw because it can infrm the way cnservatin park managers psitin their frces.(了解这一点很重要，因为它可以告知保护公园管理者如何部署他们的力量)”可知，人工智能中可以让保护力量可以更好地部署在公园里，从而让森林大象受益。故选C。
5．B
6．A
7．B
8．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了fun这个词是如何被用作形容词的以及它的比较级的形式问题。
5．推理判断题。作者在第一段最后提出一个问题“S why d we chse t use “mre fun” as the cmparative—especially cnsidering that the similar wrd “funny”, which has mre syllables than “fun”, uses the suffixes with n prblem?（那么，为什么我们选择“mre fun”作为比较——特别是考虑到类似的单词“funny”，它比“fun”有更多的音节，使用后缀都没有问题? ）”，文章以下内容就是围绕这个问题展开，并回答这一问题。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“But as early as the 1800s, peple began using it as an adjective, the way we'd describe “a fun time” r “a fun place” tday.（但早在19世纪，人们就开始把它用作形容词，就像我们今天描述“一个有趣的时间”或“一个有趣的地方”一样。）”可知，19世纪时人们开始把fun用作形容词。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“And, as they usually d when peple use wrds wrng, grammar experts blamed this usage, ne prfessr saying that hearing the adjective versin f “fun” caused severe sickness" in him.（而且，就像人们通常使用错误的单词一样，语法专家指责这种用法。一位教授说，听到“fun”的形容词版本让他“严重不适”。）”可知，语法专家不愿意接受“fun”用作形容词。故选B项。
8．主旨大意题。文章主要解释了fun这个词是如何被用作形容词的以及它的比较级的形式问题；特别是最后一段的句子“Mst dictinaries agree that the answer t “is funner a wrd?” is yes.(大部分词典对于funner是一个单词吗这一问题的回答都是肯定的)”正好点明主题。故选A项。
9．A
10．A
11．D
12．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了迪士尼公园独特的指路手势“the Disney pint”的由来。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Given the crwds f visitrs and many attractins at the Disney parks, it's easy t get lst. Thankfully, yu will always find a wrker t pint yu in the right directin. When yu d, yu just might start t ntice smething unique abut their bdy language(鉴于迪士尼公园的游客和许多景点，很容易迷路。值得庆幸的是，你总会找到一位为你指明方向的员工。当你这样做的时候，你可能会开始注意到他们肢体语言的一些独特之处)”可知，当游客迷路的时候，迪士尼员工就会用他们独特的手势来指路，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段“When yu d, yu just might start t ntice smething unique abut their bdy language—and it's just ne f the many secrets Disney emplyees wn't tell yu.(当你这样做的时候，你可能会开始注意到他们身体语言的一些独特之处——这只是迪士尼员工不会告诉你的众多秘密之一。)”和第二段 “Cast members, as park emplyees are called, are taught in their training t always pint with tw fingers instead f ne.( 被称为公园员工的演艺人员在培训中被教导永远用两根手指而不是一根手指指路。)”可知，"the Disney pint”指的是当游客迷路的时候，迪士尼员工一种独特的用来指路的手势，故选A。
11．词句猜测题。根据第三段 “Disney receives plenty f freign travelers t their parks. The typical single finger pint is a symbl f disrespect and has a negative(负面的) meaning in many cultures.( 迪士尼乐园接待了很多外国游客。典型的单指在许多文化中是不尊重的象征，具有负面意义。)”可知，因此，迪士尼创造了“the Disney pint”来“迎合”所有的客人。选项D . adapt t(迎合)符合语境，故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Accrding t the Huffingtn Pst, it's actually hw Walt Disney himself used t pint things ut t visitrs, because he usually had a cigarette balanced between the tw fingers.(据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，这实际上是沃尔特·迪士尼自己过去向游客指路的方式，因为他总是用两根手指来让香烟在两指之间保持平衡”)和“there's n smking allwed fr anyne, emplyees r guests, nce yu are inside the entrances at Disney parks—but the traditin f pinting with tw fingers still stands.(一旦进入迪士尼乐园的入口，无论员工还是游客，都不允许吸烟，但用两只手指指路的传统依然存在。)”可知，本段主要讲述了“the Disney pint”这一指路手势的另一种可能的由来，故选D。
13．A
14．D
15．C
16．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，研究表明手机和网络的过度使用使青少年更加孤独。
13．
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Smartphnes can help keep us cnnected with friends”可知，智能手机能够帮助人们与朋友保持联系。画线词上文But表示转折，并结合本段最后两句“Girls, especially, may feel this way. Studies have shwn that girls may feel like an utcast if the phts and selfies they pst dn’t get a lt f “likes”.(尤其是女孩子，可能会有这种感觉。 研究表明，如果女生上传的照片和自拍没有得到很多“赞”，她们可能会觉得自己被排斥)”可推知，画线词所在句表示智能手机也会使人们感到被排除在外。所以excluded应意为“受排斥，不被包括”，与A项意思相近。故选A。
14．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s a mment in which a friend r family member takes ut a phne and stares at it, ignring everybdy else, including yu.(这是一个朋友或家人拿出手机盯着它看的时刻，忽略了其他人，包括你自己)”可知，phubbing指的是一个朋友或家庭成员拿出手机，然后紧盯屏幕，忽视包括你在内的每一个人的时刻。由此可推知，phubbing指的是沉迷玩手机而忽视他人的一类人。故选D。
15．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Her favrite bit f advice is t “use yur smartphne fr what it’s gd fr. Then put it away”.(她最喜欢的一条建议是“用你的智能手机做它该做的事。然后把它放到一边。”)”可推知，Twenge的建议我们合理使用手机。故选C。
106．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Lnely? Yu’re hardly alne. Lneliness was becming a grwing prblem fr teens, especially girls thrughut industrial natins acrss the glbe. That’s the finding f a new study.(孤独吗？你不孤单。孤独正在成为青少年的一个日益严重的问题，尤其是在全球工业国家的女孩。这是一项新研究的发现)”且通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，研究表明手机和网络的过度使用会对青少年的心理健康产生负面影响。由此可推知，文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选C。
107．B
108．C
109．D
110．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了普通感冒的传播及几种预防方法。
107．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Clds are caused by the spread f rhinviruses(感冒是由鼻病毒的传播引起的)”可知，人们感冒的原因是因为感染了鼻病毒。故选B。
108．
词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句句首的But可知，此句属于承上启下的过渡句，因此划线单词的含义推断可根据第五段内容，根据第五段“Hygiene is yur best defense. Wash yur hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant(消毒剂) sap, especially when children in yur husehld have clds.(卫生是你最好的防御。经常洗手,最好是用消毒肥皂,尤其是当孩子在家里感冒时)”可知，第五段介绍了预防感冒的方法，划线句通过but转折表明，即使再注意卫生，也不能预防每一种感冒，因此可以推断划单词的含义是“预防”。故选C。
109．
推理判断题。根据第二段“There are mre than 150 different cld viruses, and yu never have the same ne twice.(世界上有超过150种不同的感冒病毒，同一种病毒永远不会出现两次)”可知，同一种病毒不会出现两次，因此每次感冒时感染的病毒与上一次是不同的。故选D。
110．
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Cmmn-cld Sense(普通感冒)”可知，本文主要是向读者介绍普通感冒的相关信息。故选B。
111．D
112．B
113．C
114．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了101岁的Mary Hardisn在她很多生日的时候都尝试挑战自我，做一些极限运动。
111．
细节理解题。根据第一段“There is a great grandmther wh likes challenging herself althugh she is 101 years ld this year.(有一位伟大的曾祖母，虽然今年已经101岁,她还是喜欢挑战自我。)”可知,Mary Hardisn101岁，喜欢挑战自我。故选D。
112．
细节理解题。根据第二段“S, instead f celebrating her 101st birthday with a bring party, she decided t g paragliding(滑翔跳伞)﹣an idea she gt frm her 75﹣year﹣ld sn wh recently tk it up as a hbby.(因此,她决定去玩滑翔伞，而不是开一个无聊的派对来庆祝她的101岁生日。这是她75岁的儿子的主意，最近他把滑翔伞当成了一种爱好。)”可知，她从自己75岁大的儿子那里有了进行滑翔伞的想法。故选B。
113．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nt surprisingly, this great actin has made Mary Hardisn very famus and als earned her a place in the Guinness Wrld Recrds where she brke a 2007 recrd set by a 100﹣year﹣ld British wman. What an amazing lady! (不出意料，这个伟大的举动让Mary Hardisn非常出名，也为她赢得了吉尼斯世界纪录的一席之地，她打破了2007年由一位100岁的英国女人创造的纪录。多么了不起的女士!)”可知，作者认为她令人惊叹。故选C。
114．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Mary Hardisn虽然已经101岁，却从未停止她不断挑战自我的脚步。根据文章倒数第二段“This is nt the first time that Mary has dne smething “wild” and “crazy”. Fr her 90th birthday she rde all the adult rides at Disneyland. And, she is nt dne yet﹣Fr her 102nd birthday she hpes t g dwn the 3,000 feet Alpine Slide at Utah’s Park City Muntain Resrt! (这不是玛丽第一次做“狂野”和“疯狂”的事情了。在她90岁生日的时候，她玩遍了迪士尼乐园所有的成人游乐设施。而且，她还没有完成——在她102岁生日的时候，她希望从犹他州帕克城山度假村3000英尺高的高山滑梯上滑下来!)”可知，Mary Hardisn希望自己继续挑战下去。这正印证了活到老学到老。故选D。
115．B
116．A
117．B
118．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。Hrtn是一个在校被欺凌的女同学，她没有因为被欺凌而让生活暗淡，反而她还建立了一个反欺凌平台，覆盖全国各地的学生，帮助和她一样被欺凌的同学，Hrtn觉得一路走来，无论未来会发生什么，都不要因为自己的力量微小而不去做出改变。
115．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Frm the age f 6, Samirah Hrtn was bullied（欺凌）by her classmates fr the things that made her different—her size and her sharp vice. (从6岁开始，Samirah Hrtn就因为一些让她与众不同的东西——她的身材和她尖锐的声音——被同学欺负。)”可知，Hrtn因为她的体重（身材）被同学欺负。故选B。
116．
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Music gives her unlimited pwer t d the duty. (音乐给了她无限的力量去履行职责。)”可知是音乐给了她力量去履行职责，完成任务，所以她所说的话表述的是“音乐推动了她的使命，她的责任”，即反对欺凌，结合选项可知missin意识是“任务，职责”，故选A。
117．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，Hrtn是一个在校被欺凌的女同学，她没有因为被欺凌而让生活暗淡，反而她还建立了一个反欺凌平台，覆盖全国各地的学生，帮助和她一样被欺凌的同学，结合最后一段“She’s already n her way, but her biggest achievement in her wn eyes is persuading thers nt t dubt themselves alng the way. “Dn’t care what anybdy tells yu,”she says. “Yu are never t yung t make a change.” (她已经在路上了，但在她自己看来，她最大的成就是说服别人在路上不要怀疑自己。她说:“不要在意别人对你说什么。“你永远不会因为太年轻而不能做出改变。”)”可知，Hrtn认为在做出改变的过程中不需要在意别人的想法，也不要因为自己的力量微小而觉得无法做出改变，所以从Hrtn的故事我们可以知道：没有声音是微不足道的，要勇敢发声。故选B。
118．
主旨大意题。读全文可知，文章讲述的是一个在校被欺凌的女同学Hrtn，她没有因为被欺凌而让生活暗淡，结合第二段“Nw, alngside attending eighth grade classes, she's als building an anti-bullying platfrm t reach students acrss the cuntry.(现在，除了参加八年级的课程，她还建立了一个反欺凌平台，覆盖全国各地的学生。)”可知她还建立了一个反欺凌平台，帮助和她一样被欺凌的同学，结合选项可知，D项“一个反欺凌倡导者”符合本文中心主旨，适合作为本文的标题。故选D。
119．C
120．D
121．C
122．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对大脑分类能力的研究，指出分类对我们高效地与环境互动非常重要，并且这种能力是在学习过程中逐渐发展的。
119．
主旨大意题。根据第一段的主要内容，尤其“It must assciate the chair pictured in the bk with the chairs it already knws — even thugh they may have different shapes r clrs. Hw des the child d that? (它必须将书中描绘的椅子与它已经知道的椅子联系起来——即使它们可能有不同的形状或颜色。孩子是怎么做到的？)”和第二段的“The answer is categrizatin. (答案是分类)”可知，第一段主要介绍孩子可以把性质相似的东西进行归类。故选C。
120．
推理判断题。根据第三段的““Withut categrizatin, we wuld nt be able t interact with ur envirnment as efficiently as we d,” Picter Gltstein, a senir prfessr says. (“如果不进行分类，我们就无法像我们这样高效地与环境互动，”资深教授Picter Gltstein表示)”推知，提到Picter Gltstein是为了强调分类的重要性。故选D。
121．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The mice were able t learn the rule and reliably srted the given patterns int the crrect categry. They even put patterns they had nt seen befre int the crrect categries. (老鼠能够学习规则，并可靠地将给定的模式归入正确的类别。它们甚至把它们以前没见过的图案分类)”推知，老鼠在实验中的表现非常好。故选C。
122．
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“After bserving the activity f such neurns frm the beginning t the end f categry learning, the researchers fund that the neurns didn’t acquire their selectivity immediately, but nly develped it little by little during the learning prcess. (在观察了这类神经元从类别学习开始到结束的活动后，研究人员发现神经元并不是立即获得选择性的，而是在学习过程中逐渐发展起来的)”可知，分类是在学习过程中逐渐发展的。故选C。
123．C
124．D
125．D
126．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
123．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。
124．
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers s they can avid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
125．
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
126．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可知，糖税政策带来了积极影响。由此推知，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
【点睛】
127．A
128．B
129．B
130．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是患有肺部疾病的索雷尔火中救人的英勇事迹。
127．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Michael Surrell and his wife was parking when they gt a call frm their daughter: “The huse next dr is n fire!” He went t investigate.(迈克尔·索雷尔和他的妻子正在停车时，接到了女儿的电话:“隔壁的房子着火了！”他去调查。)”可知，索雷尔知道火灾时正在停车，故选A。
128．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ “It’s a small price t pay,” he says. “I’d d it again withut a secnd thught.”(“这是一个很小的代价，”他说。“我会毫不犹豫地再做一次。”)”可知，虽然索雷尔有肺部疾病，从他没有犹豫他救火的行为和坚定的态度中可以推知，索雷尔从不后悔自己的行为。故选B。
129．
推理判断题。根据第一段“He was the last persn wh shuld have run int a burning building—he had lung disease. (他是最不应该冲进着火的大楼的人——他有肺病。)”结合全文内容可知，索雷尔患有肺病，但在需要的时候他不顾病体和个人安危从火海中奋力救出小女孩，这体现了他是一个勇敢且具有奉献精神的人，故选B。
130．
标题判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“He was the last persn wh shuld have run int a burning building—he had lung disease. (他是最不应该冲进着火的大楼的人——他有肺病。)”可知，本文主要介绍了索雷尔在火海中救人的英勇事迹，索雷尔患有肺病，但在需要的时候他不顾病体和个人安危从火海中奋力救出小女孩，由此可知，C项“最不应该的一个人救了另一个人”，the last man指的是索雷尔，C项符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文标题。故选C。