人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品同步练习题

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4.2 Discvering Useful Structures
一、基础巩固
1.单句语法填空
1．These ld peple have experienced all kinds f (suffer) in their difficult times．
2．They treat me as if I (be) a stranger．
3． (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a psitive attitude．
4．I’m (shck) at his determined attitude twards this matter．
5．It rained fr tw weeks n end, cmpletely (ruin) ur hliday．
6．Arund 540 millin peple (affect) by secnd­hand smke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year．
7． (bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened．
8．Thugh (suffer) such a heavy lss，the bss didn’t lse the curage t g n with his business．
9．The earthquake was s big that mst f the huses in the small village were cmpletely (destry)．
10．When it was my turn t express my pinin, I was nervus t say a wrd．
答案：1.sufferings 2.were 3.Trapped 4.shcked 5.ruining
6.are_affected 7.Buried 8.suffering 9.destryed 10.t
= 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II.完成句子
1．我建议你应该待在这儿，好像什么事也没有发生过。
I suggest that yu shuld stay here ．
2．这男孩太小了，还不会自己穿衣服
The by is ．
3．可怕的地震使整个城市在15秒内变成废墟。
The terrible earthquake_ in 15 secnds．
4．面对灾难，我们应该保持积极的心态，为更美好的未来重建家园。
In times f disaster, we shuld ．
5．我很感激，你把我从困境中解救了出来。
I’m grateful that yu the difficult situatin．
6．有这么多工作要做，我不能和你一起出去看电影。
,_I can’t g ut t see a film with yu．
答案：1.as if nthing had happened
T yung t dress himself
left the whle city in ruins
Stay psitive and rebuild fr a brighter future
Have rescued me frm
With s much wrk t d
= 3 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT III.根据语境填入适当的关系代词和关系副词。
Trnades are strng winds 1._____________ can cause great damage. It is nt easy t knw where they will g, s it can be difficult t warn peple 2.______________ might be affected. In rder t learn mre abut hw trnades frm and mve, sme brave researchers 3.______________ jb is t explre the causes f trnades. They chase strms in rder t cllect mre detailed infrmatin firsthand. Of curse, the researchers have special equipment 4.__________________ can recrd detailed infrmatin, but they need t get clse enugh t use it and still keep safe frm the danger.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是winds， 定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词that/which。
【答案】wh/that
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是peple， 定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词wh/that。
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是sme brave researchers， 定语从句缺少一个定语，而whse在定语从句中做定语，用关系代词whse。
【答案】which/that。
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是special equipment，定语从句缺少主语，用which/that.
= 4 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT IV.Translatin.
一倒进去滚开水，这个玻璃杯就会破裂。(crack)
The glass will crack if yu pur biled water int it .
你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。(crack)
Yu may crack these nuts with a hammer.
她跑得飞快好像魔鬼在追她似的。(as if)
She ran as if a mnster were after her.
4. 雨后玉米苗像变魔术一般的长起来了。(as if)
After the rain the crn sht up as if by magic.
5. 士兵们进行了一场斗殴并毁坏了酒吧间。(ruin)
Sldiers gt in a fight and ruined the bar.
6. 百分之二十的产品外销。(percent)
Twenty percent f the prducts are exprted.
我百分之百同意你的看法。
I am a hundred percent in agreement with yu.
她丈夫是个砌砖匠。(brick)
Her husband is a brick layer.
木头漂在水面上,而金属却下沉。(metal)
Wd flats n the water but metal sinks.
听说我的病很严重，我吃了一惊。(shck)
It gave me quite a shck t be tld I was seriusly ill.
= 5 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT V.语篇语法填空（共10小题）
The Natinal Weather Service (NWS) reprted that the Tittabawassee River was at least ten 1． (ft) abve fld level, and still rising. Under the grwing pressure f the water, the Edenville dam and the Sanfrd dam brke n 19, May, 2020.
The flding has cvered many rads and bridges in Midland Cunty. Fr 2． ( safe) , s far the Michigan Natinal Guard 3． ( help) in mving arund 11,000 peple in the nearby twns f Edenville, Sanfrd, and Midland frm their hmes.
Midland is hme t the Dw Chemical Cmpany, 4． raises ther wrries. The cmpany has large chemical tanks in Midland which, if 5． (fld),culd release(释放)dangerus chemicals int the river.
Fr decades, Dw released dangerus chemical pllutin int the Tittabawassee River.6． a result, there is an area farther dwnstream that is7． (heavy) plluted. The chemicals there have settled int the mud n the river bttm and in the areas alng the river. The area was suppsed 8． (clean) up next year. Nw there are cncerns that the strng fld waters culd make the 9． (harm) chemicals cme ut and release them back int the river. This culd cause serius prblems, and wuld make any cleanup far 10． difficult.
【答案与解析】
考查名词的数。此处ft意为“英尺”为可数名词，由ten判断用复数形式，故填feet。
考查名词。此处应用名词作为介词fr的宾语，故填safety。
考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，根据s far判断为现在完成时，主语the Michigan Natinal Guard是第三人称单数，故填has helped。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
考查状语从句的省略。分析句子可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，完整的句子是The cmpany has large chemical tanks in Midland which, if the cmpany was flded, culd release dangerus chemicals int the river. 因主从句的主语一致，且从句有was，故省略了从句的the cmpany was，故填flded。
考查介词。此处考查固定短语as a result“因此”，故填As。
考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词plluted，故填heavily。
考查非谓语动词。此处是固定短语be suppsed t d sth.“应该做某事”，又逻辑主语area和clean之间是被动关系，故应用不定式的被动形式t be dne，故填t be cleaned。
考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词chemicals，故填harmful。
考查形容词比较级。句意：这会导致严重的问题，同时也会让任何清理变得更困难。根据句意和far判断此处应用形容词比较级，又difficult的比较级是mre difficult，故填mre。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
二、拓展提升
1.阅读理解
A
Jack Frst has paid anther visit t the Midwest. Fr the secnd time this week, a majr winter strm has left peple frm Oklahma t the Great Lakes struggling t stay safe and warm. Heavy, wet snw has shut dwn majr highways, put ff flights and left hundreds f thusands f Midwesterners withut pwer. "It's just snw. That's all we can see," said Shannn Wickware f Wdward, Ohi.
The strm began in Texas n Sunday and rapidly traveled nrth. A gust f wind pushed the strm up twards Oklahma, bringing fifteen inches f snw t parts f Oklahma. It then mved east and hvered ver Chicag, drpping fur inches f wet snw n tp f the city and its suburbs. Airlines canceled (取消) nearly 500 flights at Chicag's O'Hare and Midway airprts. Later, the strm swept Ohi, causing a lt f prblems fr the lcal peple. Taking int accunt the safety f their students in the strm, many schls in the affected areas either put ff pening r did nt pen at all.
In Kansas City, Missuri, up t ten inches f snw had fallen befre midday n Tuesday. The city's mayr, Sly James, declared a state f emergency. Mst gvernment and ffice buildings were shut dwn. Sme hspitals were frced t clse urgent-care clinics.
While heavy snwfall is nt usual fr this part f the cuntry at this time f year, it is the amunt f misture (湿气) in the snw that makes cnditins extra "treacherus". When snw is especially wet, it weighs dwn trees and brings dwn pwer lines. Rfs can cave in under the pressure and rads can becme very icy. The pwer lines have cut ff electricity t mre than 100,000 hmes and businesses in the Midwest.
As snw falls and the temperature cntinues t drp, peple are preparing the best they can t stay dry and safe. The bad weather is making travel difficult fr even snwplws (扫雪机) and repair vehicles.
What's the CORRECT rder f the places that the snwstrm passed?
a. Chicag b. Oklahma c. Texas d. Ohi
d-c-a-b B. b-c-a-d C. a-d-b-c D. c-b-a-d
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的The strm began in Texas n Oklahma, bringing fifteen inches f snw t parts f Oklahma. It then mved east and hvered ver Chicag…Later, the strm swept Ohi…可知答案。
What can be inferred abut Kansas City, Missuri?
It was seriusly affected by the snwstrm.
It had never experienced such a big strm befre.
It was hit wrse than any ther city by the strm.
It wasn't hit as badly as expected by the strm.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段的…up t ten inches f snw had fallen befre midday n Tuesday ... Mst gvernment and ffice buildings were shut dwn. Sme hspitals were frced t clse urgent-care clinics.可知这场暴风雪对这座城市的影响很大。
What des the underlined wrd "treacherus" in Paragraph 4 mean?
Pleasant. B. Dangerus. C. Natural. D. Amazing.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的When snw is especially wet, it weighs dwn trees and brings dwn pwer lines. Rfs can cave in under the pressure and rads can becme very icy.可知treacherus意为“危险的”。
What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
The Midwest was hit by snwstrms twice.
Schls in America have been clsed because f a strm.
America has very severe weather this winter.
Anther majr winter strm swept thrugh the Midwest.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻，主要报道了美国的中西部遭受了新一轮的暴风雪袭击。
B
Maggie, a girl f thirteen years ld, lived n the west cast f the United States. She had never experienced an earthquake befre; she nly prepared fr it. As lng as she culd remember, preparing fr an earthquake was cmmn at her schl. Her family had made plans as well in case f a natural disaster.
One day, Maggie arrived hme frm schl at the usual time. Hwever, it was nt the same as usual. She was hme alne. Her mm wuld be driving hme n the busy freeway and her dad was t arrive at the airprt. He was cming hme frm a tw-week business trip.
After finishing her hmewrk, Maggie felt a little hungry, s she went t the kitchen t find smething t eat. Just then she felt a shake, then the vilent shaking. Maggie quickly ran under the large table in the dining rm. The sunds f breaking glass and the crashing f many things were deafening, and Maggie hugged herself in fear.
After what seemed like a very lng time, the earthquake appeared t be ver. Maggie culd hear the sund f water rushing belw her in the basement. And there was the smell f natural gas in the air. Maggie knew where the main water valve (阀门) was and hw t turn it ff. Dad had shwn her befre.
Slwly and carefully she came ut frm under the table. The nce tidy hme was then almst unrecgnizable. Walls had fallen dwn and many things in the rm were in a mess. As Maggie apprached the pen basement dr, she culd see the steps. Carefully she made her way dwn int the dark basement.
While placing her feet firmly n the flr, Maggie felt a sudden pain as a large wd hit her head and shulder. She fell uncnscius nt a pile f bxes. An hur later, she wke up and fund her parents beside her. She was happy that she was still alive!
What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
Earthquakes are the main natural disasters in the US.
Maggie's parents taught her hw t survive in an earthquake.
Earthquakes ccur ften in the west f the US.
Maggie has sme self-help awareness in earthquakes.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段As lng as she culd remember, preparing fr an earthquake was cmmn at her schl.可推知，Maggie有在地震中自救的意识。
What des the underlined wrd "deafening" in Paragraph 3 mean?
Very lud. B. Quite familiar. C. Very distant. D. Quite strange.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中Maggie hugged herself in fear.可知，玻璃破碎的声音和许多东西的碰撞声让Maggie感到很害怕，故可知deafening意为“震耳欲聋的”，由此可知答案。
What can we knw abut Maggie?
She was the nly child in her family.
She was nt afraid at all during the earthquake.
She was hurt when turning ff the water valve.
She had experienced an earthquake befre.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第四段Maggie culd hear the sund f water rushing belw her in the basement.和第五段最后一句及第六段第一句可知，Maggie在关水阀的时候被木头砸伤了。
What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A stry f a girl in an earthquake.
The imprtance f preparing fr an earthquake.
The ways t escape frm an earthquake.
The danger f an earthquake.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了一个居住在美国西海岸的小女孩 Maggie在地震中的经历，由此可知答案。
C
During an earthquake, yu shuld knw what t d. If the earthquake strikes while yu're inside a huse, yu shuld lie n the flr under a strng table r ther furniture (家具). If there is n furniture, yu can cver yur head with yur arms and keep still in the crner f the rm. Yu shuld keep away frm windws, glass walls, r anything that can fall.
If yu are in bed, hld firmly nt yur bed and make use f a pillw (枕头) t safeguard yur head. Yu may use a drway but nly when it is clse t yu. Yu shuld als cnsider whether it is strng enugh t supprt the falling walls.
If yu are running ut, d nt use lifts, even if they wrk. Electricity may g ut at any time. Many injuries happen when peple try t rush ut. This means yu ught t stay in yur huse r perhaps wherever yu are.
When yu are utdrs, yu shuld stay far frm buildings, pwer wires r lights. Yu shuld be in the pen until the quake stps. Remember that many earthquake deaths utside the huse cme frm falling walls, flying glass and ther falling pieces.
If an earthquake strikes and yu are driving, yu shuld pull up t the side f the highway and stp as quickly as pssible. Yu are nt suppsed t stp under trees r buildings. Dn't stp in the middle f the street as it culd truble thers.
When trapped, yu shuldn't mve. Yur muth shuld be cvered with a piece f clthing r a handkerchief. This is because it is pssible fr yu t take in sme dust (灰尘). D nt shut whenever pssible. Yu shuld nly shut in the end t get help frm rescuers.
What is the writer's purpse in writing this passage?
T tell us what t d when an earthquake strikes.
T tell us the dangers f an earthquake.
T tell us hw an earthquake happens.
T tell us what t prepare fr an earthquake.
答案：A
解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者主要是讲地震发生时我们该怎么办，由此可知答案。
What shuld yu d if there's n furniture in the rm during an earthquake?
Find smething t supprt walls
Stay near the windw.
Stay in the crner f the rm.
Lie still n the flr.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段If there is n furniture, yu can cver yur head with yur arms and keep still in the crner f the rm.可知答案。
What are yu suppsed t d if yu are in bed when an earthquake strikes?
Use a drway wherever it is.
Stay in bed using a pillw t prtect yur head.
Stay under the bed t avid injuries.
Get ut f the bedrm as sn as pssible.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的 If yu are in bed, hld firmly nt yur bed and make use f a pillw t safeguard yur head.可知答案。
Accrding t the passage, during an earthquake, yu'd better _______.
a. use a lift t escape b. stay away frm buildings
c. nly shut when needed d. keep driving t escape
ad B. cd C. ab D. bc
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段When yu are utdrs, yu shuld stay far frm buildings…和最后一段最后两句可知答案。
V.语法填空
Muntain climbing is a sprt different frm rck climbing．Muntain climbing equipment therefre differs 1．____________ rck climbing equipment smetimes, 2．____________ the tw sprts d have many pieces f equipment in cmmn．
Perhaps 3．____________ mst cmmn piece f muntain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4．____________ is a metal hk(挂钩) with a gate that pens and clses t make a rpe thrugh it．This piece f equipment is used fr a variety f purpses, and mst 5．____________(climber) have several carabiners n hand during a climb．
Muntain climbers als 6．____________(usual) use a tl called an ice axe(冰镐)．This tl is used fr different purpses accrding t 7．____________(it) design: sme ice axes are designed fr climbing pieces f ice, and they are used tgether with anther piece f muntain climbing equipment 8．____________(knw) as crampns．Crampns have sharp metal teeth that 9．____________(cnnect) with the climber’s shes．The ice axes used fr climbing ften feature a bend in the handle, and peple ften chse the ice axe that 10．____________(be) narrw and strng enugh t be plunged(穿入) int hard ice repeatedly．The teeth f the crampn are als narrw and quite hard fr the same purpses．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了几种登山工具。
1．frm 解析：考查介词。differ frm sth．与……不一样。
2．thugh/althugh 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管这两项运动的很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填thugh/althugh。
3．the 解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。
4．which 解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为carabiner，指物，故用关系代词which。
5．climbers 解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是mst修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填climbers。
6．usually 解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。
7．its 解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tl，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
8．knwn 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与knw构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．are cnnected 解析：考查动词的语态。因为sharp metal teeth与cnnect构成动宾关系，故填are cnnected。
10．is 解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。