人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品课后作业题

Unit 1 People of Achievement

Part 3 Using Language, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time

书面表达

2020年全国Ⅰ卷

    你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：

1.人物简介；2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。

【参考范文】                       The person I respect

   There are many respectable people around us. As for me, the person I respect most is my mother. 

Born and raised in a small city, my mother is a doctor who loves her work and her patients very much. When the epidemic started to spread from Wuhan, she canceled her holiday and returned to work in hospital. From day to night, she worked very hard, achieved a lot in her work, and respected by her colleague and patients. After work, she would also spare some time to accompany me and share many positive things about her work. When faced with the problems of learning, I sometimes were encouraged to overcome the difficulties wisely and bravely. So, in my mind, her dignity and devotion makes me how respectable a woman she is.

培优第一阶——基础过关练

I. 单词拼写

1．The guidance teacher is their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they e________ difficulties.

2．We’ve made e______(not normal; greater or better then usual) progress as a society in that regard.

3．Your cough is the c__________ of smoking.

4．After going through n________ failures, he finally succeeded in developing software.

5．A university is an educational i__________ which awards degrees and carries out research.

6．Mary is a very________(温和的) person, who never loses her temper.

7．In old times people had a________(理论) that the world was flat.

8．I want to thank ________(教授) Doris, without whose help I couldn’t have made so much progress.

9．It is still one of the most ______（不寻常的）places I have ever been.

10．He has_________ (起草，草拟)a standard letter to the editors.

11．He applied for a(n) ________ (专利权) for a new method of removing paint.

12．It's________(非同寻常的) that he should make exactly the same mistake again.

13．Today we ________(哀悼) for all those who died in the two World Wars.

14．They had to quit the experiment due to lack of modern ________ (设备).

15．Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (逐渐地) turned into chopsticks.

16．If you have the ________(激情) and the persistence to do this, I'll leave this project to you.

17．We e______(遇到) a number of difficulties last week.

18．They m_________ (哀痛) for their children, killed in the war.

19．One c________ (结果) of global warming is extinction.

20．This scientist has put forth a new t___________(理论) in his research field.

II．单句语法填空

1．The little girl looked up______a moment, then continued drawing.

2．She brings happiness______our family since she comes.

3．Her name was______the tip of my tongue a moment ago, but now I’ve forgotten it.

4．Just hang______a moment; we may be able to give you a hand.

5．I tried to think______all the problems that were ahead of me tomorrow.

6．Before 2015, our party ___________ (acknowledge) the achievements made by the cooperation and supported the continuous wider cooperating in the future.

7．Around ten years later, English had ___________ (gradual) taken the place of Russian as a subject in secondary school teaching.

8．In terms of research, it is necessary for us to stick to the ___________ (academy) cautiousness.

9．It is therefore unreasonable to make a ___________ (distinct) when it comes to a woman’s right to preserve her eggs.

10．It means digital healthcare companies ___________ (encounter) fewer obstacles when developing new products and services after 5 years.  

11．This government came ________ power at the last election.

12．The club, _________ (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

13．The children ________(gradual) began to accept her as one of the family.

14. The old lady knows how to make up herself, and every time I see her, it looks ________ she were no more than 40 years old.  

15．A ________ (politics)is a person whose job is connected with politics.

16．________ (found) in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities.

17．It is ________ (remark) that women didn’t have the vote until that time.

18．As a _________(consequent), he failed in the exam.

19．Despite ________(number) failure, they continue to conduct the experiment.

20．It is very important for children to have a harmonious school, ________ teachers treat students like their own.

21．she quickly ________（sum）up the situation and took control.

22．Cecilia, ______body is slim, still wants to lose some weight.

III. 翻译句子

1．据我所知，这个孩子酷爱唱歌。（动名词作表语）(汉译英)

2．虽然这些同样的笑话对今天的我们来说可能不像当时那么好笑了，但它们的作者明白，幽默不仅可以娱乐，而且可以对敏感或情绪问题有新的启示。（while引导让步状语从句）（汉译英）

3．多亏了社会各界人士的慷慨解囊，这个孤儿院才得以在今年年初办了起来。(orphanage；found)(汉译英)

4．随着时间的流逝，他逐渐意识到健康的重要性。(with+宾语+宾补) (汉译英)

5．山坡平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳跃着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。（汉译英）

V. 课文语法填空

Albert Einstein, a genius well known for the theory of relativity, is universally considered the greatest scientist in modern physics. Born 1             14 March 1879, Einstein tried to enter university in Switzerland when he was 16, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the 2            (enter) exam, though he did succeed in obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. It was in 1896 3             he managed to pass the exam. While 4             (work) in the Swiss patent office, he continued to study and earned a 5             (doctor) in physics in 1905.Four years later he quit the job and 6             (commit) himself to full-time research at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

Sadly, the great genius had to 7             (flee) Germany in 1933, 8             Hitler came to power and Jews were persecuted（迫害）、After spending time in Europe, he finally took up 9             position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. And he continued to make great 10             (achieve) in physics and mathematics.

培优第二阶——拓展培优练

完形填空

话题人物：科学家——诺贝尔             词数：317+84            难度：☆☆☆

The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___14___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.

Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular ___15___ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___16___ explosive (爆炸物). After years of ___17___, in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.

During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He ___18___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.

When Alfred  ’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper ___19___ published Alfred  ’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary,   Nobel was ___20___ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly ___21___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___22___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”

To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ____23____. He spent his lifetime alone ____24____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to ____25____ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ____26____, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ____27____ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ____28____ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.

14．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．negating

15．A．nature B．.conduct C．flavour D．benefit

16．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable. D．mild

17．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association

18．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up

19．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically

20．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed

21．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured

22．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient

23．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence

24．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating

25．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure

26．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune

27．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions

28．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out

语法填空

话题人物：科学家——屠呦呦           词数：209             难度：☆☆☆

阅读下面短文在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ____29____ (receive) a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest ____30____ (disease) in human history. Thanks ____31____ her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.

Born in 1930，in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine, ____32____ (acquire) a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.

In the 1960s many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. After hundreds of failed experiments, they ____33____ (eventual) found a promising chemical named qinghao extract. It worked well in experiments on animals, ____34____ they had to know if it was safe for humans. To speed ____35____ the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on ____36____ (they) first.

____37____ efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu ____38____ (award) a Nobel Prize for her work.

培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵

阅读理解

主题语境：人与自我   难易度：☆☆☆   语篇类型：记叙文  建议用时：8 min

（2019北京卷，B篇）

Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.

It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.

With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.

Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.

As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.

Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.

1. How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?

A. She argued with him.                  B. She tried to find a way out.

C. She paid no attention.                  D. She chose to consult dentists.

2. What is special about CanCandy?

A. It is beneficial to dental health.           B. It is free of sweeteners.

C. It is sweeter than other candies.           D. It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.

3. What does Moore expect from her business?

A. To earn more money.                    B. To help others find smiles.

C. To make herself stand out.                D. To beat other candy companies.

4. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story?

A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.

B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.

C. Positive thinking and action result in success.

D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied

【词汇积累】

1. set up 建立，创立
2. invention n．发明
3. instead of 代替；而不是
4. destroy v．毁灭
5. offer v．提供
6. miss out 错失
7. trial n．试验
8. oral bacteria 口腔细菌
9. primarily adv．主要地；根本地
10. profit n．利润

读后续写

（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线)through thick evergreen forest.

I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.

What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event!

I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”

I bit back my frustration(懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.

David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右;

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.

We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________